κρατήριον

κρᾱτήριον, τό, kleines Mischgefäß

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `gnaw, eat' (Call. Fr. 200),

Other forms: Only imf. ἔγραε. Athem. ipv. γράσθι (Cypr.), them. (contracted) γρᾶ φάγε. Κύπριοι H. Also γραίνειν ἐσθίειν H.

Derivatives: γράστις f. `green fodder' (pap., Hippiatr.); usual κράστις (Ar.), prob. due to folk etymological connection with another (unknown) word; γραστίζω `feed at grass' (Gp., Hippiatr.), γραστισμός ( Hippiatr.); κραστίζομαι `graze' (Sophr.), κρατήριον `mangar' (Poll.). Also γράσσις ( PHamb. 39 II, II^p). With prefix καγρᾶ καταφαγᾶς. Σαλαμίνιοι H. (s. Bechtel Dial. 1, 421 and 446).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [probably] [404] * gres- `gnaw, eat'

Etymology: Copared with Skt. grásate `devour' ( γράω \< *gr̥s-ō ? grásate \< * gres-; PIE * gras- is impossible). In Germanic perhaps ONo. krās f. `dainty' \< * grēs-ā; uncertain Lat. grāmen (not to the Germ. and the Lat. word). On γράσος s. v. Cf. γαστήρ. Improbable γάγγραινα, γρῶνος, s. vv.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `mix, mix up' esp. of wine with water, `temper' (of the climate etc.) (Com., Hyp.)

Other forms: also κεραννύω (Com., Hyp.), κεραίω (Ι 203, Delph. V^a), κεράω (Od.; subj. κέρωνται Δ 260), κίρνημι, - νάω (Od.), aor. κεράσ(σ)αι (Il.), also ( ἐπι-)κρῆσαι (η 164, Hp.), pass. κρᾱθῆναι, κρηθῆναι (IA), also κερασθῆναι (Att.), perf. med. κέκρᾱμαι, - κρη- (Sapph., Pi., IA), also κεκέρασμαι (Arist.), fut. κερῶ (Att.), κεράσω (Them.), pass. κρᾱθήσομαι (Att.),

Dialectal forms: Myc. karatera

Compounds: also with prefix, esp. συν-

Derivatives: A. Of κρᾱ- ( κρη-): 1. κρᾶσις, κρῆσις ( σύγκρ. etc.) `mix' (IA) with *κρᾱσίον \> ModGr. κρασί `wine' (Kretschmer Glotta 15, 64f., Hatzidakis ib. 139f.; on the meaning of κρᾶσις s. Den Dulk Κρᾶσις. Bijdrage tot de Grieksche Lexicographie. Diss. Leiden 1934). 2. κρᾶμα (rarely also κράμμα after βάμμα a. o.), Ion. κρῆμα `mix, alloy', also `mixed wine' (Ion. hell.) with κραμάτιον (Dsc.) and κραμ(μ)άτινος `consisting of an alloy' (pap.). 3. κρᾱτήρ, κρητήρ m. "mixer", `mixing bowl', also metaph., `Krater' (Il.; on the meaning Brommer Herm. 77, 359 a. 366) with κρατηρία `id.' (Dsc.; Scheller Oxytonierung 54) and the diminutiva κρατήριον, κρη- (Hp.), κρατηρ-ίδιον (Boeot., J.), - ίσκος (Delos III^a, Ath.); κρατηρίζω "drink a bowl", `intoxicate oneself' (Sophr., D.; cf. Wackernagel Glotta 14, 52f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 860f.). 4. compounds like ἄ-κρᾱ-τος (- η-) `unmixed' (Il.), αὑτο-κρη-ής "mixed with itself", i. e. `unmixed' (Nic. Al. 163), αὑτό-κρας `id.' (Poll.). - B. Of κερᾰ-: κατα-κέρασις `mixing (with water)' (Arist.), κέρασμα `id.' (hell.), συγ-κερασμός `id.' (gloss.), κεραστός ( εὑ-, ἐγ-κέρ.) `mixed' (D. H., Plu., APl.), κεραστής `mixer' (Orph.), ἐπι-, κατα-κεραστικός `causing a (real) mix' (medic.), μετά-κερας adj. n. `tempered, lukewarm' (Com.), αὑτό-κερας, also as adv. `unmixed' (Poll., Phryn.; cf. αὑτοκρηής). S. also on 2. ἀκήρατος. In the meaning `unxed' ( οἶνος; Dsc. 5, 6, 10) ἀκέραιος is a reinterpretation of ἀκέραιος `undamaged'; s. on 1. ἀκήρατος.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [582] *ḱerh₂- `mix;

Etymology: With the verbal adjective (ἄ)-κρᾱτος agrees Skt ptc. ā́-śīr-ta- `mixed'; both Gr. κρᾱ-, κρη- and Skt. śīr- represent the zero grade of a disyll. root. This root is seen in κερά-σαι (beside analogical κεράσ-σαι); (there is no Skt. *á-śari-ṣam). Nasal presents are Skt. śrī-ṇā́-ti and κίρ-νη-μι; both forms however are renewed or reshaped. An IE. *ḱr-nā-ti should have been Skt. *śr̥-ṇā́-ti (seen in the homonymous word for `break'), and Gr. *κάρ-νη-σι; the ι in κίρνημι is rather innovation after the reduplicating presents τίθημι, γίγνομαι etc. than old reduced grade. - To old κερά-σαι came the innovations κεραίω, κεράω, κεράννυμι (Schwyzer 676, 681, 697) just like κερῶ, κεράσω, κερασθῆναι, κεκέρασμαι (both with analogical σ); old(er) were κρᾱ-θῆναι, κέ-κρᾱ-μαι (like βλη-θῆναι, βέ-βλη-μαι a. o.). - Another system is provided by Oldiranian in the also semantically deviating Av. sar- `unite' (which must perhaps be separated; Gonda Acta Or. 14, 201; s. also Wackernagel-Debrunner KZ 67, 174 = Kl. Schr. 1, 390) - Further Pok. 582.

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