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21 divide
dɪˈvaɪd
1. сущ.
1) разг. дележ, дележка, раздел на части There is to be the big divide next New Year, but I shan't be in it. ≈ В следующем году намечается грандиозная раздача слонов, но мне этого уже не видать.
2) амер. геогр. водораздел, водораздельный хребет Great Continental Divide Syn: watershed
2. гл.
1) отделять одно от другого а) отделять(ся), разъединять(ся), нарушать целостность( from) (тж. divide off) I want to build a fence to divide the flower garden from the vegetable garden. ≈ Чтобы отделить цветник от сада, мне пришлось построить оградку. This purl of the field has been divided off with a fence, to keep the cows in. ≈ Эта часть поля была огорожена плетнем, чтобы коровы не могли выйти за его пределы. Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians. ≈ Разделено царство твое, и отдано мидянам и персам ( Дан, 5-
28) The sick were divided from the rest. ≈ Больных отделили от остальных. divide and rule divide and govern б) вызывать разногласия( о предмете дискуссии) ;
расходиться, не соглашаться( о людях) в) парл. голосовать Opposition were afraid to divide upon it. ≈ Оппозиция боялась ставить это на голосование. divide! divide! divide the House г) прям. перен. рассекать To divide a pathway through such a sea. ≈ Плыть по такому морю. д) сомневаться, колебаться, не иметь единого мнения, не знать, какое решение принять Syn: distract, perplex е) в Кембриджском университете о середине семестра The term divides on November 9th. ≈ Середина семестра 9го ноября. ∙ split up, cleave, break, cut, sunder, part
2) делить целое на части а) делить(ся), распределяться Divide the cake equally among all the children. ≈ Раздели пирог поровну между детьми. The different responsibilities are divided among the committee members. ≈ Разным членам комитета поручена ответственность за разные участки работы. Syn: deal out, dispense б) разделять, дробить, подразделять;
делить на группы, классы We commonly divide the people into agricultural and manufacturing. ≈ Обычно мы делим людей на крестьян и рабочих (Гамильтон,
1845) Syn: class, classify в) тех. градуировать (измерительный прибор) г) мат. делить;
суж. делиться нацело, без остатка д) делиться, отдавать часть чего-л. кому-л. еще;
иметь свою часть от чего-л. If you'll be good, you shall divide in everything. ≈ Если будешь добр, у тебя будет все. ∙ divide the hoof Syn: allocate, allot, apportion, assign, distribute, ration Ant: commingle, connect, fuse, unify водораздел граница, рубеж - the continental * between Europe and Asia континентальная граница между Европой и Азией (разговорное) дележ;
распределение > the Grand /Great/ D. (американизм) Скалистые горы;
смерть > to go over the D. (американизм) перейти в мир иной, умереть делить, разделять - to * smth. in two делить что-л. пополам - to * smth. (into three parts) разделить что-л. (на три части) - to * one's hair in the middle носить волосы на прямой пробор - *d between hatred and pity (образное) со смешанным чувством ненависти и жалости делиться, разбиваться на части - to * into smaller groups разбиться на более мелкие группы - to * at the mouth образовывать дельту (о реке) (математика) делить, производить деление - to * 60 by 12, to * 12 into 60 разделить 60 на 12 (математика) быть делителем - 9 *s into 36, 36 *s by9 36 делится на 9 (математика) делиться без остатка классифицировать;
подразделять - to * words into simple, derived and compound делить слова на простые, производные и сложные отделять;
отрезать;
отрывать - to * two houses отделять два дома друг от друга (стеной и т. п.) - to * fancy from fact отличать вымысел от истины - to * smb. from the world отрезать кого-л. от мира - to * the sheep from the goats (библеизм) отделить овец от козлищ отделять, служить преградой - the railing that *ed the spectators from the court перила, которые отделяли зрителей от суда - the mountains that * France from Spain горы, разделяющие Францию и Испанию распределять;
производить дележ - to * the profits among /between/ them поделить прибыль между ними - to * smth. with a friend поделиться чем-л. с другом - to * one's time between work and play распределять время между работой и развлечениями - we * the work among us мы распределяем (всю) работу между собой рассредоточивать (внимание) - to * one's attention between two things думать одновременно о двух вещах вызвать разногласия, расхождения во мнениях - to be *d in opinion разойтись во взглядах - opinions are *d on the point по этому вопросу мнения расходятся - my mind is *d on the point у меня сомнения /я не принял решения/ по этому вопросу расходиться во мнениях, обнаруживать разногласия - the parties *d on the point партии разошлись во мнениях по этому вопросу - a party *d against itself партия, раздираемая разногласиями - a House *d against itself палата, не сумевшая прийти к общему /единому/ мнению (парламентское) голосовать, ставить на голосование, проводить голосование - to * the House провести голосование в палате - D.!, D.! ставьте на голосование! (парламентское) разделять на группы при голосовании (парламентское) вызывать разделение голосов - the proposal *d the meeting при голосовании этого предложения голоса участников собрания разделились (специальное) градуировать, наносить деления на шкалу (техническое) измельчать, диспергировать > * and rule разделяй и властвуй the Great Divide смерть;
to cross the Great Divide умереть divide амер. водораздел ~ вызывать разногласия;
расходиться (во взглядах) ;
opinions are divided on the point по этому вопросу мнения расходятся ~ вызывать разногласия ~ вызывать расхождения во мнениях ~ парл. голосовать;
divide!, divide! возгласы, требующие прекращения прений и перехода к голосованию;
to divide the House провести поименное голосование ~ парл. голосовать;
divide!, divide! возгласы, требующие прекращения прений и перехода к голосованию;
to divide the House провести поименное голосование ~ парл. голосовать;
divide!, divide! возгласы, требующие прекращения прений и перехода к голосованию;
to divide the House провести поименное голосование ~ голосовать, ставить на голосование ~ голосовать ~ градуировать, наносить деления (на шкалу) ~ граница ~ мат. делить;
делиться без остатка;
sixty divided by twelve is five шестьдесят, деленное на двенадцать, равняется пяти ~ делить(ся) ;
разделяться;
to divide into several parts (among several persons) разделить на несколько частей( между несколькими лицами) ~ делить ~ классифицировать ~ отделять(-ся) ;
разъединять(ся) ~ отделять ~ подразделять;
дробить ~ подразделять ~ проводить голосование ~ разг. разделение;
дележ ~ разделять ~ распределять (among, between) ;
делиться (with) ~ распределять ~ рассредоточивать ~ расходиться во мнениях ~ ставить на голосование ~ делить(ся) ;
разделяться;
to divide into several parts (among several persons) разделить на несколько частей (между несколькими лицами) ~ парл. голосовать;
divide!, divide! возгласы, требующие прекращения прений и перехода к голосованию;
to divide the House провести поименное голосование house: to divide the ~ парл. провести поименное голосование;
to make a house обеспечить кворум( в палате общин) the Great Divide перевал в Скалистых горах the Great Divide смерть;
to cross the Great Divide умереть ~ вызывать разногласия;
расходиться (во взглядах) ;
opinions are divided on the point по этому вопросу мнения расходятся ~ мат. делить;
делиться без остатка;
sixty divided by twelve is five шестьдесят, деленное на двенадцать, равняется пяти -
22 carve up
carve up а) coll. разделять что-л. Europe was carved up after World War I.б) coll. делить (деньги) The thieves carved up the profit from the robbery. в)sl. намеренно ранить кого-л. Threaten to carve him up if he won't give themoney, that should make him do it! г) coll. перегонять кого-л. на машине Yes, he does get there sooner, but only by carving up the rest of the traffic onthe way - one day he'll have a nasty accident. -
23 head
hed 1. noun1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) hode2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) hode, sinn, hjerne3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) hodelengde4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; ( also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) (stats)overhode, hoved-, over-5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) hode, øverste del6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) kilde, utspring7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) øverste del/trinn, (bord)ende8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) fremste del, spiss9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) hode10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) rektor, skolestyrer11) ((for) one person: This dinner costs $10 a head.) pr. person/kuvert/snute12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) nes, odde, pynt13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) skum(hatt)2. verb1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) lede, stå øverst/fremst/først2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) stå i spissen for3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) sette kursen mot, gå (noe) i møte4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) sette som overskrift5) ((in football) to hit the ball with the head: He headed the ball into the goal.) heade, nikke, skalle•- - headed- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails?
- keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's headforstand--------leder--------sjef--------tittel--------åndIsubst. \/hed\/1) hode, skalle• get this into your head!dette må du ha klart for deg!, få dette inn i hodet!2) ( overført også) forstand, vett• use your head!3) ( overført også) liv4) sjef, leder, direktør, overhode, hovedmann5) rektor6) ledelse, spiss, front, tet (også militærvesen)7) person, individ8) stykke9) antall, bestand10) øverste del, topp, spiss, hode, kapittel, kapitélhun sto først\/øverst på listenhedersplassen, øverst ved bordet, ved bordenden11) hodeende, hodegjerde12) kilde, utspring13) hode, krone• the head of a nail \/ a hammer \/ an axe15) forside (av mynt)16) ( på hjortedyr) horn, krone17) skum, skumhatt18) fløtelag (som legger seg oppå melk)20) modenhet, (tiltagende) styrke\/kraft21) rubrikk, overskrift, tittel22) hovedpunkt, hovedavsnitt, moment, kapittelpå dette punkt \/ i denne sak \/ i dette henseende23) kategori24) framdel, forreste del, fremre del, spiss26) ( brukes ofte i egennavn) odde, nes29) ( gruvedrift) stollbe at the head of something stå i spissen for noebang one's head against a brick\/stone wall ( overført) renne hodet\/pannen mot en murbite\/snap somebody's head off være forbannet på noenbring matters to a head tvinge frem en avgjørelse, fremkalle en kriseby a head med et hode \/ en hodehøyde, med en hodelengdeby the head and ears etter hårene umotivertcome into one's head slå en, falle en inncome\/draw\/gather\/grow to a head gå mot krise, tilspisse segcrowned head kronet hode, monarkdo it \/ work it out in one's head regne det ut i hodetdrag in by the head and shoulders ta opp helt umotivert (i samtale)eat one's head off ( hverdagslig) spise seg stappmett, lange i segenter one's head falle en inndet falt meg aldri inn, jeg tenkte aldri på detfall head over heels falle hodestupsfly head over heels fly hals over hodefrom head to heel\/foot fra topp til tå, fra isse til fotsålegather head samle krefter, komme til krefterget it into one's head få det for seg, få den idé• whatever put that into your head?hvordan kom du på den tanken\/idéen?get\/put it out of your head! slå det fra deg!, glem det!, slå tanken ut av hodet!get one's head down (britisk, hverdagslig) sovne (inn), legge seg konsentrere seg om (en oppgave)give somebody head (vulgært, praktisere munnsex på) suge noen, sokke noen, slikke noengive somebody his head ( overført) gi noen frie tøyler, gi noen frie hender, gi noen fritt spilleromgive the horse his head gi hesten frie tøyler\/tømmergo off one's head bli galgo to one's head gå til hodet på noen, gjøre noen innbilsk( om alkohol) gi rusvirkning, gå til hodet på noenhave \/ not have a head for something ha\/mangle sans for noe, være flink\/dårlig til noeha forretningssans\/forretningsteft• he has a good\/poor head for figureshan er flink\/dårlig med talljeg tåler ikke å være i høyden, jeg har lett for å bli svimmel i høydenhave an old head on young shoulders være moden for sin alderhave ones' head turned by sucess la suksessen gå en til hodetbe head and shoulders above rage høyt overkollegaene når ham ikke til skulderen, han rager høyt over sine kollegaerhead and shoulders portrait portrett i halvfigur, brystbildehead first\/foremost falle på hodet, falle på nesen, gå på hodet, gå på nesenhead of a cask bunn av en tønne \/ et fata head of flax linhår (om meget lyshåret barn), lyslugghead of hair hår(vekst)head of the river ( sport) best i kapproingenhead over heels eller over head and ears til opp over øreneheads I win, tails you lose! ( spøkefullt) du har ikke en sjanse!heads or tails? krone eller mynt?heads will roll ( overført) hodene kommer til rulleit gave me a head ( hverdagslig) jeg fikk hodepine\/tømmermenn av detkeep head against holde stand motkeep one's head bevare fatningen, holde hodet kaldtkeep one's head above water holde hodet over vannetlaugh\/scream one's head off ( hverdagslig) le seg i hjel, le seg fordervetlay\/put heads together stikke hodene sammenlie head to foot\/tail ligge andføttes (dvs. med føttene vendt mot hverandre)lose one's head miste hodet, miste livet, bli halshogget ( overført) miste hodet, miste fatningen, bli sint, bli hisssigmake\/gain head gå\/rykke frem, avansere, gjøre fremskrittmake head against gjøre motstand mot, sette seg tvert imotmake head upon få forsprang påmake something up out of one's own head finne på noe selvnot make head or tail of something ( hverdagslig) ikke begripe et kvekk av noeoff one's head ( hverdagslig) sprø, opprørt, opphissetoff the top of one's head ( hverdagslig) uforberedt, på stående foton one's head ( hverdagslig) som ingenting, som fot i hose, ingen sakon your own head be it! det må du ta på din egen kappe!, det må du stå til regnskap for!, det må du ta ansvaret for!over somebody's head ( overført) over noens forstand, over hodet på noen• it is\/goes over my headgå forbi noen, til fortrengsel for noen• they paid £20 a head apoor head dårlig forstandpull one's head in ikke stikke nesen sin i, passe sine egne sakerput something into somebody's head innbille noen noeput something out of somebody's head få noen til å gi opp tanken på noe, få noen fra noeraise one's head ( overført) reise hodet (igjen), rette ryggenroar one's head off le seg fordervet, le seg i hjelshake one's head over something riste på hodet av noestand at the head of the poll ha fått flest stemmertake it into one's head få det for segtalking head (amer., hverdagslig) forklaring: nyhetsoppleser eller annen person på TV som bare har hodet synlig på skjermen• he's not just a talking head, he's a good journalist, toohan er ikke bare nyhetsoppleser, han er en god journalist ogsåtalk somebody's head off ( hverdagslig) snakke hull i hodet på noenturn head over heels slå kollbøtte, slå stiftturn someone's head gjøre noen svimmel gjøre noen innbilsktwo heads are better than one to hoder tenker bedre enn ett, det lønner seg å samarbeideunder the head of under rubrikken(with) head to wind vindrettyou cannot expect an old head on young shoulders ungdom og visdom følges sjeldenIIverb \/hed\/1) være anfører for, lede, stå i spissen for, gå i spissen for2) gi overskrift, gi tittel, rubrisere, ordne i rubrikker• a document headed «Most important»et dokument med overskriften «Svært viktig3) gå foran, gå forbi4) overtreffe, overgå, slå5) vende, styre6) ( fotball) nikke, skalle, heade7) sette hode på (i ulike betydninger)8) ( også head down) beskjære i toppen (f.eks. et tre)9) innhente (ved å ta en snarvei)11) rykke frem mot, stevne frem mot, gå i mot, møte, angripe, seile mot12) styre, sette kurs, holde kurs, ha kurs, ligge an• how does the ship head?13) (spesielt amer.) ha sitt utspring (om elv)headed for på vei mot, på vei tilbe headed for styre mot, sette kursen mothead for\/towards styre mot, sette kurs mot, holde kurs mot, ha kurs motvære på (god) vei mothead off styre\/lede i en annen retningstanse, sperre veien for( overført) avverge, forhindrehead the bill ( overført) være den største attraksjonenhead the list stå øverst på listenhead the table ha hedersplassen, sitte øverst ved bordetIIIadj. \/hed\/1) hoved-2) første, viktigste, ledende3) over-overlærer, rektor4) mot-head boy den flinkeste i klassen (eller på skolen), duksen i klassen (eller på skolen) -
24 leave
1. I1) it was dawn, before men began to leave рассвело, прежде чем люди стали расходиться; it is time [for us] to leave, it is time we left [нам] пора [уже] уходить2) I decided to leave я решил уйти (бросить работу, учебу и т. п.); the cook has threatened to leave кухарка угрожала уйти /бросить работу/; my secretary is leaving мой секретарь уходит с работы2. IIleave in some manner leave willingly (unwillingly, surreptitiously, etc.) охотно и т. д. уходить или уезжать; leave at some time leave late (early, this week, etc.) уходить или уезжать поздно и т. д.,3. III1) leave some place leave Moscow (the village, one's country, etc.) уезжать из Москвы и т.д., покидать Москву и т. д.; leave harbour выходить из гавани; leave the room! выйди из комнаты!; leave one's bed (the table) вставать с постели (из-за стола); leave the road съехать с дороги; leave the rails (the track) сойти с рельсов2) leave smth. leave a book (a parcel, etc.) оставлять книгу и т.д., he has left a note он оставил записку; did he leave a message? он просил передать что-нибудь ?; take it or leave it как хотите, воля ваша3) leave smb. leave one's wife (a wife and three children, all one's friends, etc.) бросать жену и т. д. ; I must leave you я должен вас оставить /покинуть/; leave smth. leave a party выйти из партии; leave one's job бросить работу; leave the service оставить службу; he left all and followed her он бросил все и последовал за ней; the boy left home and went to sea мальчик ушел из дому и стал матросом; can I leave the table? можно мне встать из-за стола?; he left his post он покинул свой пост /ушел со своего поста/; he was a fool to leave school (that job, etc.) он дурак, что бросил школу и т. д., let's leave the subject давай оставим эту тему, давай больше не будем об этом говорить4) leave smb., smth. leave a wife and two sons (a widow with three children, a large family, a large fortune, nothing but debts, etc.) оставлять после себя жену и двух сыновей и т. д.5) leave smth. three from seven (two from five, etc.) leaves four (three, etc.) если вычесть три из семи и т. д. остается /останется/ четыре и т. д., семь минус три и т. д. будет четыре /равняется четырем/ и т. д.4. IVleave тоже place т some manner leave the village hastily (permanently, secretly, for good, etc.) (поспешно и т. д. покидать деревню; leave smb. , smth. at some time she left the conference ( the meeting, the station, etc.) late (early, immediately, at once, etc.) она поздно и т. д. ушла с конференции и т. д.; his eyes never left her его глаза неотступно следили за ней5. Vleave smb. smth.1) leave smb. L 100 (a big fortune, a large estate, all one's money, nothing, etc.) завещать /оставлять/ кому-л. сто фунтов и т. д. [в наследство]; leave him a legacy оставлять ему наследство; leave him bread to eat оставлять ему хлеб; the payment of his debts left him nothing to live upon после уплаты долгов у него ничего не осталось на жизнь2) malaria left him a wreck после малярии он стал развалиной; leave a woman a widow оставлять / делать/ женщину вдовой6. VIleave smth., smb. in some state1)leave a door open (a house empty, etc.) оставлять дверь открытой и т. д.; leave a page blank оставлять чистую страницу; leave the question open оставлять вопрос открытым; his acting leaves me cold его игра меня не трогает /не волнует/; his illness has left him weak после болезни он ослабел; the insult left him speechless от оскорбления он [буквально] онемел /потерял дар речи/; leave this poor creature alive пощадите эту бедняжку; leave the books (a knife, a box, a car, etc.) alone не трогать книги и т. д., не прикасаться к книгам и т. д.; I should leave that question alone if I were you на вашем месте я бы не касался этого вопроса; leave her alone не приставайте к ней; leave us alone, please оставьте нас, пожалуйста, в покое2)7. VII1) leave smth. to do smth. he left the breakfast to answer the telephone он бросил завтракать и пошел к телефону; this leaves much to be desired это оставляет желать много лучшего2) leave smb. to do smth. leave smb. to settle up (to judge, to do it, to attend to the matter, etc.) предоставлять кому-л. расплатиться и т. д.; leave smth. for smb. to do I shall leave the work for him to complete я оставлю /предоставлю/ ему закончить работу8. VIIIleave smb. doing smth. leave smb. waiting (guessing, standing there, etc.) заставлять кого-л. ждать и т. д.9. IXleave smth., smb. т some state leave the letter unfinished (doors and windows firmly fastened, a cheque unpaid, some things unsaid, etc.) оставлять письмо неоконченным и т. д.; leave smb. stranded покинуть кого-л. в беде10. XIbe left how many are left? сколько остается или осталось? be left with smth., smb. be left alone with smth., smb. остаться наедине с чем-л., кем-л., I am left with no alternative but... мне не остается никакого выбора, креме как...; be left to smb., smth. it was left to me to decide этот вопрос пришлось решать мне; it was left to chance все оставили на волю случая; nothing is left to me but to go мне ничего не остается, кроме как идти; be left till some time this parcel is to be left till called for нужно оставить эту бандероль до тех пор, пока за ней не придут; there is smth. left there are three bottles (strawberries, etc.) left остались три бутылки и т. д.; there is no coffee (no food, etc.) left кофе и т. д., не осталось; have smth. left I have very little money (two roubles, an hour, no time, etc.) left у меня осталось очень мало денег и т. д.; how much time have we got left? сколько осталось времени?; be left in some state some things are better left unsaid о некоторых вещах лучше не говорить11. XVI1) leave for some place leave for Moscow (for London, etc.) уезжать /отправляться/ в Москву и т. д.; leave for smth. leave for one's holidays (for one's honeymoon, etc.) уезжать /отправляться/ в отпуск и т. д.; I was just leaving for work я как раз собирался идти на работу; leave for some time leave for three weeks (for a month, etc.) уезжать на три недели и т. д.; leave at some time leave on Monday (at Christmas, at the end of next term, at noon, at three o'clock, etc.) уезжать /отправляться/ в понедельник и т. д.; leave after dinner уехать /уйти, отправиться/ после обеда; the bus (the plane, the train, the flight, the ship, etc.) leaves at twelve o'clock (at eight, on Mondays only, etc.) автобус и т. д. отходит /отправляется/ в двенадцать часов и т. д., leave by smth. leave by the 4 o'clock train (by plane, etc.) уехать четырехчасовым поездом и т. д., leave by the door уйти через дверь; leave in smth. leave in groups (in twoes and threes, etc.) уходить группами и т. д.; leave on smth. leave on business уехать по делам; leave on a trip to Europe отправиться в путешествие по Европе2) leave at some time leave on Monday (at the end of the week, etc.) уходить /бросать работу/ с понедельника и т. д.12. XVIIleave without doing smth. leave without seeing her (without giving one's address, without saying goodbye, etc.) уезжать /уходить/, не повидавшись с ней и т. д.13. XXI11) leave one place for another leave London for Oxford (England for Japan, etc.) переезжать из Лондона в Оксфорд и т. д.; leave тоже place for smth. leave England for a tour of the world (for a trip to America, etc.) уезжать /отправляться/ из Англии в кругосветное путешествие и т. д.; leave the trenches for rest billets mil. оставить окопы и отойти на отдых; leave some place at some time leave the house at eight o'clock (at noon, in the afternoon, etc.) выходить из дома в восемь часов и т. д.; he left the country in 1907 он уехал из страны /покинул страну/ в тысяча девятьсот седьмом году; he leaves work (school, his office, etc.) at five он уходит с работы и т. д. в пять часов; they leave school at 16 они оканчивают школу в шестнадцать лет; leave some place for some time leave home for a year уехать на год из дома2) leave smth. for smb. leave a note for one's husband (a message for one's friend, nothing for me, etc.) оставлять мужу записку и т. д.; leave smth., smb. with smb. leave a card (a book, a parcel, a baby, etc.) with smb. оставлять визитную карточку и т. д. у кого-л.; leave a message with smb. просить кого-л. /поручить кому-л./ передать /сообщить/ (кому-л.) что-л.; leave word with smb. оставлять у кого-л. указания /инструкции/; leave it with me оставьте это у меня; leave smth. in /at/ some place leave one's hat in the hall (a book on the table, one's fountain-pen in the bag, one's bag at the station, one's coat in the cloakroom, etc.) оставлять шляпу в прихожей и т. д.; leave one's things out in the rain оставлять свой вещи под дождем; leave smb., smth. at (on, etc.) smth. leave one's horse at the door (her at the corner, the children on the porch, etc.) оставлять лошадь у входа и т. д., leave a forest (a turning, a place, an object, etc.) on one's right (on one's left) оставлять лес и т. д. справа (слева); leave the church on your left and go up the hill церковь останется справа, а вы поднимитесь по холму, у церкви поверните направо и поднимитесь по холму; let's leave it at that давай на этом остановимся, давай больше не будем это обсуждать; leave smth. till /until/ some time I shall leave this homework till /until/ tomorrow я оставлю это задание на завтра3) leave smth. to /with/ smb., smth. leave all the work (all the responsibility, etc.) to her свалить всю работу и т. д. на нее; leave the choice to him (the decision with them, the matter to time, the solution to chance, the ending to the imagination of the reader, etc.) предоставлять выбор ему и т. д., leave that to me предоставьте это мне; I'll leave it to you я оставляю это на ваше усмотрение; I leave it to you whether I am right or wrong предоставляю вам решить, прав я или нет; leave it to him to discover the truth предоставьте ему самому узнать всю правду; leave smth. out of smth. leave a point (a fact, an event, etc.) out of account /out of consideration/ не учитывать какой-л. момент и т. д.; leave smb. out of smth. leave him out of the match (out of the conversation, out of an agreement, etc.) не включать его в матч и т. д.; leave smth. in smb.'s hands /charge/ leave the matter (the question, the decision, etc.) in his hands /charge/ предоставьте ему решать этот вопрос и т. д., оставьте это дело и т.д. в его ведении; leave smb. in charge of smth., leave smth. in smb.'s charge he left his servant in charge of the house, he left the house in his servant's charge он оставил дом на слугу4) leave smth., smb. at some place leave a book (one's things, an umbrella, a letter, a coat, one's bags, a puppy, a child, etc.) on a bench (in the park, at the station, in the train, etc.) забывать /оставлять/ книгу и т. д. на скамейке и т. д.5) leave smb. for smb. leave one's wife for another woman бросить жену ради другой женщины /и уйти к другой/; leave smth. for smth. leave the army for the law (business for literary work, one occupation for another, etc.) бросить армию /уйти из армии/ и стать юристом и т. д., leave smb. in smth. leave one's friends (one's family, etc.) in trouble (in the lurch, in the dark about the case, etc.) оставлять /бросать, покидать/ своих друзей и т. д. в беде и т. д.; leave smb. to smth. leave smb. to his fate (to himself, to his own fortune, to his own resources, to his own thoughts, to his own devices, etc.) предоставлять кого-л. своей судьбе и т. д.6) leave smth. to smb., smth. leave a house to him (all his money to charity, etc.) оставлять /завещать/ ему дом и т.д., leave no heir to one's property не оставить после себя наследников; leave smth. behind smb. he left a great name behind him он оставил по себе память7) || leave an impression upon smb. произвести на кого-л. впечатление14. XXIV1leave smth. as smth. leave a few guineas (a letter, etc.) as a guarantee (as one's security, as a retainer, etc.) оставлять несколько гиней и т. д. в качестве залога и т. д. -
25 take
[teɪk] 1. гл.; прош. вр. took, прич. прош. вр. taken1) брать; хвататьto take smb. by the shoulders — схватить кого-л. за плечи
to take smth. (up) with a pair of tongs — взять что-л. щипцами
I took her hand and kissed her. — Я взял её за руку и поцеловал.
Here, let me take your coat. — Позвольте взять ваше пальто.
He took the book from the table. — Он взял книгу со стола.
2)а) захватывать, овладевать (с применением силы, с помощью какой-л. уловки)I was taken into custody. — Меня взяли под стражу.
Someone took a jewellery store in the town. — Кто-то захватил ювелирный магазин в городе.
б) разг. овладевать женщинойHe wanted to throw her on a bed and take her against her will, violently. — Ему хотелось бросить её на кровать и против её воли, силой овладеть ею.
в) крим. арестовать, "взять"3)а) ловить (диких животных, птиц, рыбу)They are readily taken by nets. — Их легко поймать сетями.
б) хватать (добычу; о животных)Syn:4)а) завоёвывать, очаровывать, покорятьYou took the whole audience. — Вы полностью покорили зрителей.
He was taken with her at their first meeting. — Он увлёкся ею с первой же их встречи.
The play didn't take. — Пьеса не имела успеха.
Syn:б) получать признание, становиться популярнымв) привлекать (взгляд, внимание)My eye was taken by something bright. — Мой взгляд привлекло что-то блестящее.
5) достигать цели, оказывать воздействиеThe vaccine from Europe, - unfortunately none of it took. — Вакцина из Европы - к сожалению она оказалась неэффективной.
Syn:succeed, be effective, take effect6) нанимать, брать (постояльцев, работников, компаньонов); брать (под покровительство, в обучение)None were allowed to let their rooms or take lodgers. — Было запрещено сдавать комнаты или брать постояльцев.
He took pupils to increase his income. — Он брал учеников, чтобы увеличить свой доход.
7)а) брать в собственность; присваиватьб) юр. наследовать, вступать во владениев) получать, наследовать (происхождение, имя, характер, качества)г) снимать (квартиру, дачу)д) регулярно покупать (продукты, товары), выписывать или регулярно покупать ( периодические издания)I take two magazines. — Я выписываю два журнала.
8) потреблять, принимать внутрь; глотать; есть, пить; вдыхатьto take the air — прогуливаться, дышать свежим воздухом
Take this medicine after meals. — Принимай это лекарство после еды.
He usually takes breakfast at about eight o'clock. — Он обычно завтракает где-то в восемь часов.
9)а) принимать (форму, характер, имя и другие атрибуты)The house took its present form. — Дом принял свой нынешний облик.
Syn:б) (принимать символ, знак, указывающий на выполняемую функцию)- take the crown- take the throne
- take the habit
- take the gown
- take the ball
- take an oar10)а) принимать (должность, пост)Captain Mayer was compelled by circumstances to take the responsibility. — Обстоятельства вынудили капитана Майера взять ответственность на себя.
б) давать (клятву, обещание, обет)11) выполнять, осуществлять (функции, долг, службу)the female parts in plays being taken by boys and men — женские роли в пьесах, которые играют мальчики и мужчины
12) занимать (место, позицию)13)а) впитывать, насыщаться ( влагой)б) заразитьсяa man who takes all the epidemics — человек, который подхватывает все заразные болезни
в) легко поддаваться (окраске, обработке)the granite, capable of taking a high polish — гранит, который прекрасно шлифуется
It takes dyes admirably - much better than cotton. — Эта ткань прекрасно окрашивается - гораздо лучше, чем хлопок.
14) понимать, воспринимать, схватывать ( о значении слов)I take your point. — Я понимаю тебя.; Я понимаю, что ты хочешь сказать.
Do you take me? — разг. Вы меня понимаете?
Syn:15) думать, полагать, считать; заключатьYou might take it that this court overruled the objection. — Можно заключить, что суд отклонил возражение.
I take it that we are to go London. — Я так полагаю, что мы должны ехать в Лондон.
You haven't congratulated me. Never mind, we'll take that as done. — Ты не поздравил меня. Ладно, неважно, будем считать, что это сделано.
Syn:16) испытывать, чувствоватьpersons to whom I had taken so much dislike — лица, к которым я испытывал такую неприязнь
Syn:17)а) воспринимать, учитывать, действовать в соответствии с (советом, предупреждением, намёком)He begged others to take warning by his fate. — Он умолял других сделать выводы из его несчастья.
б) ( take as) воспринимать, считатьto take things as they are — принимать вещи такими, какие они есть
Am I to take this excuse as a reason for your behaviour? — Должен ли я считать это извинением вашему поведению?
в) верить, считать правильным, истиннымI think you must take it from me, Mr. Pennington, that we have examined all the possibilities very carefully. (A. Christie) — Полагаю, вы должны поверить мне, мистер Пеннингтон, что мы очень тщательно проанализировали все возможности.
18)а) охватывать, поражать, обрушиватьсяFire took the temple. — Огонь охватил храм.
The kick of a horse took me across the ribs. — Удар лошади пришелся мне в ребра.
The ball took him squarely between the eyes. — Мяч попал ему прямо между глаз.
The ball took me an awful whack on the chest. — Мяч сильно ударил меня в грудь.
Syn:б) быть поражённым, охваченным (болезнью, приступом, чувством)They were taken with a fit of laughing. — У них случился приступ хохота.
He was taken with the idea. — Он увлёкся этой мыслью.
I was not taken with him. — Он мне не понравился.
19)а) получать, извлекать (из какого-л. источника, материального или нематериального); перенимать, усваивать, копировать; брать в качестве примераThe proportions of the three Grecian orders were taken from the human body. — Пропорции тела человека были взяты в качестве основы во всех трёх греческих ордерах.
б) добывать; собирать ( урожай)20)а) приниматься ( о растениях)б) мед. приживаться ( о трансплантатах)Odds that a transplanted cadaveric kidney will "take" are usually no better than 50%. — Шансов, что пересаженная от умершего почка приживётся, обычно не больше 50%.
в) держаться, приставать (о чернилах и т. п.)г) образовываться, создаваться (о льде; особенно на реках, озёрах)Seines were set in the water just before the ice "took" on the lake or river. — Сети ставились в воде непосредственно перед замерзанием озера или реки.
д) тех. твердеть, схватываться ( о цементе)21) раздобывать, выяснять (информацию, факты); проводить (исследования, измерения)Tests are taken to see if the cable has sustained any damage. — Проводятся испытания, чтобы определить, повреждён ли кабель.
The temperature has to be taken every hour. — Температуру приходится проверять каждый час.
The weather was too cloudy to take any observations. — Погода была слишком облачной, чтобы проводить какие бы то ни было наблюдения.
22)а) записывать, протоколироватьHe had no clinical clerks, and his cases were not taken. — У него не было в клинике регистраторов, поэтому на больных не заводились истории болезни.
б) изображать; рисовать; фотографироватьв) разг. выходить на фотографии (хорошо, плохо)He does not take well. — Он плохо выходит на фотографии.
23)а) применять, использовать (средства, методы, возможности)Every possible means is now taken to conceal the truth. — В настоящее время используются все возможные средства, чтобы скрыть правду.
б) использовать (какие-л.) средства передвиженияThey took train to London. — Они сели на поезд, идущий до Лондона.
I took the packet-boat, and came over to England. — Я сел на пакетбот и добрался до Англии.
24)а) получать; выигрыватьSyn:б) подвергаться ( наказанию), переносить25)а) принимать, соглашаться (на что-л.); принимать ( ставку)They will not take such treatment. — Они не потерпят такого обращения.
Syn:б) принимать (самцов; о самках)в) клевать, захватывать (наживку; о рыбах)26) принимать (с каким-л. чувством, настроем)to take it lying down — безропотно сносить что-л.
to take things as one finds them — принимать вещи такими, какие они есть
She takes the rough with the smooth. — Она стойко переносит превратности судьбы.
27) пытаться преодолеть (что-л., мешающее продвижению); преодолевать, брать препятствиеThe horse took the hedge easily. — Лошадь легко взяла препятствие.
He took the corner like a rally driver. — Он завернул за угол, как настоящий гонщик.
28)а) разг. противостоять; нападать; наносить поражение; убитьThe man who tried to take me was Martinez. — Человек, пытавшийся меня убить, был Мартинес.
Syn:б) ( take against) выступать против; испытывать неприязнь, не любитьI've never done anything to offend her, but she just took against me from the start. — Я никогда не делал ничего, что могло бы оскорбить её, но она невзлюбила меня с самого начала.
29) брать, бить (в картах, шахматах и др. играх)A pawn takes the enemy angularly. — Пешка бьёт фигуру противника по диагонали.
The king takes the queen. — Король берёт ферзя.
30)а) = take short / by surprise / at unawares заставать врасплохThe doctor was not easily taken off his guard. — Доктора трудно было поймать врасплох.
б) разг. обмануть, наколоть; вымогать ( деньги)It wasn't enough for Julie just to admit she'd been taken. — Для Джулии было недостаточно просто признать, что её облапошили.
Syn:31)а) выбирать, избиратьTake me a man, at a venture, from the crowd. — Выбери мне наугад какого-нибудь человека из толпы.
Syn:б) выбрать (дорогу, путь), отправиться (по какой-л. дороге)to take (a place or person) in (on) one's way — заходить, заезжать (в какое-л. место или к кому-л.) по пути
He did not take Rome in his way. — Он не включил Рим в свой маршрут.
32)а) = take up занимать, отнимать, требовать (времени, активности, энергии)It will take two hours to translate this article. — Перевод этой статьи займёт два часа.
Any ignoramus can construct a straight line, but it takes an engineer to make a curve. — Любой профан может построить прямую линию, но чтобы построить кривую, требуется инженер.
б) носить, иметь размер (перчаток, обуви)33) начинать, начинать снова; возобновлятьEveline remained silent. The abbess took the word. — Эвелин продолжала молчать. Аббатиса снова заговорила.
34) лингв. требовать ( определённой грамматической формы)All Declensions take the Ending m for Masc. and Fem. Nouns. — Все склонения требуют окончания m у существительных мужского и женского рода.
35) с последующим существительным выражает общее значение: делать, осуществлять; сочетание часто является перифразой соответствующего существительному глагола и выражает единичный акт или кратковременное действиеto take a leap — сделать прыжок, прыгнуть
to take one's departure — уйти, уехать
to take adieu, farewell — прощаться
My wife and my daughter were taking a walk together. — Мои жена и дочь предприняли совместную прогулку.
- take five- take ten
- take a fall36) доставлять; сопровождать; провожать; вести; брать с собойto take smb. home — провожать кого-л. домой
to take smb. out for a walk — повести кого-л. погулять
to take along a picnic basket / a laptop / a copy of the contract / a few books / one's financial statement — брать с собой корзину для пикника / ноутбук / копию контракта / несколько книг / свой финансовый отчёт
to buy wine to take along — покупать вино, чтобы взять его с собой
The second stage of the journey takes the traveller through Egypt. — На втором этапе путешествия путников провезут через Египет.
I want to take her all over the house. — Я хочу показать ей дом.
I'll take him around. — Я ему тут всё покажу.
the business that took me to London — дело, которое привело меня в Лондон
37)а) забирать, уносить; извлекать, удалять; избавлять (от чего-л.)The flood took many lives. — Наводнение унесло жизни многих людей.
to take the life of (smb.) — лишить (кого-л.) жизни, убить
to take one's (own) life — лишить себя жизни, совершить самоубийство
Syn:б) умеретьIt was God's will that he should be taken. (E. O'Neill) — Господу было угодно, чтобы он умер.
в) = take off отнимать, вычитатьSyn:г) ( take from) уменьшать, сокращатьIt takes greatly from the pleasure. — Это сильно уменьшает удовольствие.
Syn:38) привыкать (к чему-л.)39)а) идти, двигаться (куда-л., в каком-л. направлении)I took across some fields for the nearest way. — Я двинулся по полям, чтобы добраться до ближайшей дороги.
A gang of wolves took after her. — За ней бежала стая волков.
He will take himself to bed. — Он направился в постель.
б) уст. идти, бежать (о дороге, реке)The river takes straight to northward again. — Река снова течёт прямо на север.
40) ( take after)а) походить на (кого-л.)The boy takes after his father. — Мальчик похож на своего отца.
б) подражатьв) погнаться за (кем-л.), преследовать (кого-л.)The policeman dropped his load and took after the criminal, but failed to catch him. — Полицейский бросил свою ношу и побежал за преступником, но не сумел поймать его.
41) ( take before) отправить (предложение, вопрос) на (рассмотрение кого-л.)The director intends to take your suggestion before the rest of the Board at their next meeting. — Директор собирается представить ваше предложение на следующем собрании правления.
42) ( take for)а) принимать за (кого-л.)I took him for an Englishman. — Я принял его за англичанина.
I am not the person you take me for. — Я не тот, за кого вы меня принимаете.
б) купить за ( какую-то цену)I shall take it for $5. — Я куплю это за 5$.
в) разг. грабить (кого-л.), обманывать (на какую-л. сумму)43) ( take from)а) верить; считать истиннымб) принимать (вид, форму)в) наследовать (имя, название)The city of Washington takes its name from George Washington. — Город Вашингтон назван в честь Джорджа Вашингтона.
г) отбирать, забиратьI'll take it from him. — Я отберу это у него.
44) ( take into)а) принять; взять на работуto take smth. into account — принять что-л. во внимание
45) ( take to)а) пристраститься, увлечься (чем-л.); почувствовать симпатию к (кому-л.), полюбить (кого-л.)I took to him at once. — Он мне сразу понравился.
б) привыкать, приспосабливаться к (чему-л.)в) обращаться, прибегать к (чему-л.)They had to take to the boats. — Им пришлось воспользоваться лодками.
г) начинать заниматься (чем-л.)•- take aback- take aboard
- take abroad
- take action about
- take aim
- take alarm
- take amiss
- take apart
- take as read
- take ashore
- take at word
- take away
- take back
- take the bearing of
- take the bearing
- take a breath
- take charge of
- take down
- take down shorthand
- take the edge
- take hard
- take hold
- take a holiday
- take home
- take in
- take it easy
- take kindly
- take leave of smb.
- take liberties with
- take notice
- take off
- take off a bandage
- take offence
- take on
- take out
- take over
- take a picture
- take a photograph
- take pity on smb.
- take place
- take possession
- take revenge
- take root
- take the sea
- take shelter
- take a shot at
- take sick
- take sides with
- take steps
- take through
- take to a place
- take to one's heels
- take to earth
- take umbrage about
- take unawares
- take up
- take up quarters
- take upon oneself
- take vote••to have (got) what it takes — обладать всем необходимым, иметь всё, что нужно
take it or leave it — как хотите, на ваше усмотрение
to take a joke — понимать шутку, принимать шутку
to take the wall — не уступить дороги (кому-л.)
to (be able to) take it — выносить, терпеть
to take it (or life) on the chin — мужественно встречать неудачи, несчастья, не падать духом; выдержать жестокий удар
to take on board — выпить; проглатывать; схватывать ( идею)
to take it into one's head — вбить, забрать себе в голову
to take to the woods — амер. уклоняться от своих обязанностей ( особенно от голосования)
to take too much — подвыпить, хлебнуть лишнего
2. сущ.to take the biscuit — разг. взять первый приз
1)а) взятие, захватSyn:2)а) мнение, точка зрения (по какому-л. вопросу)She was asked for her take on recent scientific results. — Её спросили о том, что она думает о последних научных достижениях.
б) трактовка, интерпретация (чего-л.)3)а) разг. барыши, выручкаThey will seek to increase their take by selling vegetables from their own garden. — Они попытаются увеличить выручку, продавая овощи из своего сада.
б) кассовый сбор (фильма, спектакля)•Syn:4)а) кино кинокадр; дубльб) фонограмма, звукозаписьSyn:5) обаяние, очарованиеHer face had some kind of harmony and take in it. — В её лице были гармония и обаяние.
Syn:charm 1.6) видимая, физическая реакция (кого-л. на какое-л. действие)7) мед. реакция (на прививку, укол и т. п.)8) бот. приживание ( привоя на растении)9) полигр. урок наборщика•• -
26 to catch up with the swimmer
to catch up with the swimmer (with the rest of the party, with Europe) догнать пловца (остальную группу, Европу)English-Russian combinatory dictionary > to catch up with the swimmer
-
27 head
[hed]n1) голова, черепSee:The water was over his head. — Вода была ему выше головы.
She has a good head for heights. — Она хорошо переносит высоту.
She has no head for heights. — Она не переносит высоту.
His proud, noble head bowed to nothing. — Он ни перед чем не склонял своей гордой, благородной головы.
I want a covering for the head. — Мне надо что-нибудь, чем покрыть голову.
He felt a sharp pain in his head. — Он почувствовал резкую боль в голове.
It cost him his head. — Это стоило ему головы/жизни.
to be/to sit at the head of the table — сидеть во главе стола/сидеть на почетном месте за столом;
Two heads are better than one. — Одна голова хорошо, а две лучше.
I cannot make head or tail of it. — Ничего не возможно разобрать/понять.
- shaven head- majestic head
- bumpy head
- shaking head
- sore head
- grey head
- elegant head
- egg-shaped head
- irregular head
- heavy head
- curly head
- bristling head
- nodding head
- drooping head
- giddy head
- bruised head
- bloody head head
- bleeding head
- hot head
- hooded head
- feathered head- patient's head- horse's head
- head net
- head phone
- head piece
- sharp pain in the back of one's head
- bandage on the head
- constant buzzing in the head
- blow knock on the head
- nod of the head
- shake of the head
- crown of the head
- sharp pain in smb's head
- head with hair
- head of classical form and beauty
- head from a doll
- head of hair
- good head of hair
- with a heavy head
- with a feeling of dullness in one's head
- with confusion in one's head
- over the heads of others
- from head to foot
- with a bare head
- with an uncovered head
- with a bruise on the head
- aim at smb's head
- balance smth on one's head
- bandage smb's head
- apply a bandage to smb's head
- be taller by a head
- be head over ears in debt
- beat oneself on the head with one's fist
- beat smb's head off
- bend one's head over the book
- bite smb's head off
- hang one's head in confusion
- hang one's head down
- hang one's head on one's chest
- bow one's head in admiration
- bow one's head to the ground
- give one's head for a washing
- brandish a sword over one's head
- bring down a sword over smb's head
- break one's head
- bump one's head against smth
- bump heads together
- bury one's head in one's hands
- bury one's head in the sand
- chuck one's head to avoid the blow
- complain of a throbbing pain in the head
- cover one's head to protect it from the sun
- cradle smb's head in one's breasts
- cross one's hands behind one's head
- cry one's head off
- cut off smb's head
- cut one's head open
- dip one's head into the water
- do smth standing on one's head
- do smth over smb's head
- give orders over smb's head
- give answers over smb's head
- sell a house over smb's head
- draw one's head into one's shoulders
- drop one's head on one's breast
- fall head first
- fall head over heels
- fall on one's head
- feel heavy in the head
- feel one's head
- get a bump on the head
- go about with one's head high in the air
- give one's head for smth, state one's head on smth
- go queer in the head
- have a good head for heights
- have a strong head for drink
- have pain in one's head
- hit one's head on the wall
- hit one's head against smth
- hit smb on the head
- hurt one's head
- hold one's head up
- hold one's head with one's hands
- injure one's head
- keep one's head above ground
- keep jerking one's head
- keep one's head covered
- lay one's head on smb's chest
- lift up one's head
- look smb over from head to foot
- nod one's head
- nod one's head in greeting
- plunge head over heels into the fighting
- pull one's hat down on the head
- pull the blanket over one's head
- put one's head out of the window
- put one's head in a noose
- raise one's head
- rest one's head on the pillow
- scratch one's head
- scream one's head off
- seize one's head in one's hands
- set a price on smb's head
- shake one's head
- shake one's head at smth
- sit with one's head propped on one's hand
- snap smb's head off
- stand on one's head
- stand with bare heads
- stand with one's head down
- stand with averted head
- stand smth on its head
- stick one's head in the door
- stroke smb on the head
- talk smb's head off
- talk one's head off
- throw one's head back
- tip one's head to one side
- toss one's head up
- toss one's head in pride
- toss one's head in dissent
- touch one's head to the ground
- tremble from head to foot
- turn away one's head
- turn one's head towards smb
- walk with one's head high
- wear nothing on one's head
- work one's head off
- wound smb in the head
- head sitting deep between the shoulders
- head covered with a kerchief2) руководитель, глава, начальникI must telephone the head office. — Мне надо позвонить в центр.
- executive head- titular head
- administrative head
- military head
- family head
- union heads
- learned heads
- head teacher
- head gardener
- head nurse
- head surgeon
- head-cook
- head waiter
- head workman
- head electrician
- head office
- head master
- department head
- royal heads of Europe
- head of the delegation
- head of the tribe
- head of the department
- heads of all states
- Head of the Government
- Head of the Army
- head of the expedition
- under a competent head
- be at the head of smth
- put smb at the head of the movement
- be at the head of the whole business
- stand at the head of all nations in matters of art
- be at the head of the epoch
- be at the head of the field
- be at the head of the race
- those at the head of the whole business3) ум, интеллект, умственные способности; (а.) a clear (bright, logical) head светлый (ясный, логичный) умThe problem is over/beuond our heads. — Нам эту проблему не понять.
He talked over our heads. — То, что он говорил, не доходило до/было выше нашего понимания.
He is positively/quite out of his head. — Он определенно выжил из ума.
Such an idea never entered my head. — Такая мысль мне никогда не приходила в голову/на ум.
I can't get that into his head. — Я не могу ему этого растолковать/втолковать.
He made it up out of his own head. — Он все это сам придумал/очинил/выдумал.
(b) a wise head — умница/мудрая голова/умник;
the wiser heads — мудрецы;
a hot head — горячая голова/вспыльчивый человек;
a wooden head — тупица;
a competent head — знающий человек;
to have a good head upon one's shoulders — иметь хорошую голову на плечах/быть умным;
to have an old head on young shoulders — иметь здравый смысл/быть не по годам умудрённым
- steady head- cool head
- level head
- bother one's head about smth
- be over smb's head
- get a swollen head
- be over the heads of the pupils
- come to smb's head
- do smth off the top of one's head
- do calculations in one's head
- fill one's head with trifles
- give smb his head
- have a good head for figures
- have a head for details
- have no head for names
- have a good head for politics
- keep a level head
- keep one's head
- keep one's head shut
- keep smth in one's head
- keep a cool head in emergencies
- lose one's head
- be of one's head
- be off one's head about smb
- have a good head on one's shoulders
- have an old head on young shoulders
- put smth into smb's head
- put ideas into smb's head
- put two heads together
- puzzle one's head about smth
- show much head for business
- take smth into one's head
- turn smb's head with flattery
- trouble one's head about smth
- use one's head
- write out of one's head4) скот, голова скота (единица счёта), поголовье скота; 20 heads of deer двадцать голов оленей- large head of game
- consumption of milk per head of the population5) верхняя главная часть предмета, верх, верхушка, верхняя часть, головная часть, передняя часть, головка, шляпкаWe'll have to knock in the head of the barrel. — Нам придется пробить верх бочки.
heads I win, tails I lose. — Орел - я выигрываю, решка - проигрываю.
Coins often bear the head of a famous ruler. — На монетах нередко высечена голова известного правителя.
- forked head- wooden head
- tape-recorder head
- pit head
- pointed arrow head
- axe head
- missile head
- pin head
- figure head
- crumpled head
- head tide
- head wind
- head lights
- head stone
- head land- head division of a parade- head of the bed
- head of the column
- head of the river
- head of the bay- head of a hammer- head of a rail
- head of a violin
- head of cane
- head of the stairs
- head of the barrel
- head of barley
- head of a rock
- head of a peer
- mountain head overgrown by shrubbery
- nails with a wide head
- bolts with a square head
- axe with a heavy head
- glass of beer with a good head on it
- car with a folding head
- at the head of a page
- at the head of the list
- stand at the head of the bay
- boil is gathering head6) раздел, рубрика, параграф, пункт, заголовокThe story has a double head. — У рассказа двойное название.
He arranged his speech under four main heads. — Он разбил свою речь на четыре основных пункта/раздела.
It may be included under this head. — Это может быть включено в этот параграф/раздел.
It comes/it is kept/it is included under the head of "miscellavous". — Это помещено в параграфе "разное".
To hit the nail on the head. — ◊ Попасть в самую точку. /Попасть не в бровь, а в глаз.
Two heads are better than one. — ◊ Ум хорошо, а два лучше. /Одна голова хорошо, а две лучше.
To toss heads or tails. — ◊ Бросать жребий.
I cannot make head or tail of it. — ◊ Не могу ничего понять/разобрать.
- heads of chapters- document arranged under five heads
- under two colums head
- group the facts under three heads
- remark on this head
- speak on this head
- treat the subject under three main heads•USAGE: -
28 journey
['dʒəːnɪ]nпутешествие, поездка (преимущественно сухопутная)I have a long journey to go. — Мне предстоит долгое путешествие/длительная поездка.
I hope you'll enjoy your journey. — Надеюсь, вы будете довольны своим путешествием.
- long journey- distant journey
- pleasant journey
- rather monotonous journey
- business journey
- honeymoon journey
- exciting journey
- mountain journey
- skiing journey
- three day's journey
- journey abroad
- journey from some place
- journey on foot
- journey by rail
- journey rich in variety
- journey around the world
- journey over the desert
- journey to Europe
- journey by train
- rest of the journey
- pleasant companion on a journey
- ready for the journey
- while he was on his journey
- on his return journey
- within two day's journey
- make a journey- make a single journey- make a journey there and back
- make an urgent journey
- make frequent journeys
- wish smb a good journey
- make a journey for pleasure
- reach one's journey's end
- plan a journey
- resume the journey
- break one's journey in London
- stand the journey well- proceed on one's journey- be on a journey
- return back from one's journey
- allot four days for a journey
- pleasant journey to you! - have you had a good journey?
- it is a two hours' journey from here
- ticket is good for the entire journey
- return journey costs £50
- journeys give extraordinary pleasure
- journey amused him the journey amused him
- journey extends over several weeks
- journey passed agreeablyCHOICE OF WORDS:Русские существительные путешествие, поездка соответствует нескольким английским существительным: journey, trip, tour, voyage, различающимся по смыслу. Существительное journey наиболее общее слово, обозначающее путешествие большей или меньшей продолжительности, главным образом, по суше и предполагает наличие определенного места назначения: a journey to (from) the Crimea путешествие в Крым (из Крыма). Существительное trip чаще обозначает кратковременную поездку и скорое возвращение назад; поездку, длящуюся от нескольких часов, до нескольких дней, которая предпринимается с целью отдыха, развлечения или деловой командировки: a pleasant (business) trip приятная (деловая) поездка; an interesting trip down the river интересное путешествие вниз по реке. Существительное tour предполагает более или менее длительное путешествие по заранее намеченному плану, маршруту или гастрольное турне театра. Существительное voyage предполагает длительное путешествие по воде, главным образом, по морю или океану -
29 state
I [steɪt] nгосударство, штат, страна, режимOur railroads are owned by the state. — Наши железные дороги находятся в собственности государства
- friendly state- constitutional state
- sovereign state
- member state
- buffer state
- client state
- garrison state- puppet state- maritime state
- royal state
- Atlantic states
- western states
- free states
- welfare state
- slave states
- every civilized state
- highly armed state
- United States
- state secrets
- state banks
- state flag
- state police
- state prisoner
- state property
- state documents
- State Department
- State Secretary
- State law
- State legislature
- States' rights
- state's atterney
- states of Europe
- state within a state
- states of the US
- State of Texas
- all the principal states of the world
- member state of the UN
- security of the state
- services of the state
- powers of the state
- affairs of state
- differnt ideas of the state
- ministers of the state
- heads of the states
- offences against the state
- for reasons of state
- build a model state
- establish a state
- rule a state
- separate Church and State
- weaken the state II [steɪt] n1) состояние, положение, уровеньYou can't leave the room in this state. — Нельзя оставлять комнату в таком виде.
He is not in a fit state to travel. — Его состояние не позволяет ему путешествовать.
- natural state- delicate state of health
- general state of health
- present state of things
- alarming state of things
- discouraging state of affairs
- cheerful state of mind
- state of the nation
- previous state of existence
- state of weather
- state of complete safety
- high state of indignation
- crucial state of the world food problem
- high state of civilization
- grave state of things
- body in a state of rest
- people in every state of life
- man of humble state
- man of low state
- people of high state
- water in its frozen state
- in a transition state
- in a good state
- in a married state
- in this state of affairs
- in a state of war
- in an advanced state of decomposition
- in a constant state of change
- in a state of intoxication
- be in a great state about this event
- call off the state of emergency- live in great state- pass from one state into another
- pass into a chronic state
- put smb into a state of anxiety
- put smb into a state of agitation
- restore the house to its original state
- slide into a state of forgetfulness
- work oneself into an awful state2) торжественный, парадный, высокого ранга (перед существительными)- state visit- state reception
- state banquet
- state occasion
- state apartments
- state room
- state robe
- arrive in a great state -
30 stick
I n1) infml2) infmlThe guy was so mad he broke the stick over his knee — Парень был так раздосадован, что сломал кий о колено
3) infmlShe bought him a new set of sticks for Christmas — Она купила ему на Рождество комплект клюшек для игры в гольф
4) infmlPull back on the stick which lowers the tail and raises the nose — Тяни штурвал на себя. При этом хвостовая часть опускается, а носовая поднимается вверх
5) infmlPut the stick in reverse and move back slowly — Установи рычаг переключения скоростей на заднюю и тихо поезжай назад
6) infml esp AmE7) sl8) AmE slMarijuana was easy to get - twenty five cents a stick — Марихуану можно было легко достать - двадцать пять центов за штуку
9) AmE slII vi infmlGet that stick out of here before he makes a mess — Вышвырни этого алкаша отсюда, пока он чего-нибудь не наделал
1)He stuck on the farm while his wife travelled around Europe — Он торчал на ферме, пока его жена разъезжала по Европе
I didn't see why I should stick in the kitchen all morning — Почему я должна все утро торчать на кухне?
I don't want to stick on here for the rest of my life — Я не хочу оставаться здесь век; жизнь
2)3)III vtA teacher must be able to make things stick — Учитель должен так подавать материал, чтобы он хорошо запоминался
1) infml2) infml3) infml esp BrE4) sl5) taboo sl -
31 Caetano, Marcello José das Neves Alves
(19061980)Marcello Caetano, as the last prime minister of the Estado Novo, was both the heir and successor of Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. In a sense, Caetano was one of the founders and sustainers of this unusual regime and, at various crucial stages of its long life, Caetano's contribution was as important as Salazar's.Born in Lisbon in 1906 to a middle-class family, Caetano was a member of the student generation that rebelled against the unstable parliamentary First Republic and sought answers to Portugal's legion of troubles in conservative ideologies such as integralism, Catholic reformism, and the Italian Fascist model. One of the most brilliant students at the University of Lisbon's Law School, Caetano soon became directly involved in government service in various ministries, including Salazar's Ministry of Finance. When Caetano was not teaching full-time at the law school in Lisbon and influencing new generations of students who became critical of the regime he helped construct, Caetano was in important government posts and working on challenging assignments. In the 1930s, he participated in reforms in the Ministry of Finance, in the writing of the 1933 Constitution, in the formation of the new civil code, of which he was in part the author, and in the construction of corporativism, which sought to control labor-management relations and other aspects of social engineering. In a regime largely directed by academics from the law faculties of Coimbra University and the University of Lisbon, Caetano was the leading expert on constitutional law, administrative law, political science, and colonial law. A prolific writer as both a political scientist and historian, Caetano was the author of the standard political science, administrative law, and history of law textbooks, works that remained in print and in use among students long after his exile and death.After his apprenticeship service in a number of ministries, Caetano rose steadily in the system. At age 38, he was named minister for the colonies (1944 47), and unlike many predecessors, he "went to see for himself" and made important research visits to Portugal's African territories. In 1955-58, Caetano served in the number-three position in the regime in the Ministry of the Presidency of the Council (premier's office); he left office for full-time academic work in part because of his disagreements with Salazar and others on regime policy and failures to reform at the desired pace. In 1956 and 1957, Caetano briefly served as interim minister of communications and of foreign affairs.Caetano's opportunity to take Salazar's place and to challenge even more conservative forces in the system came in the 1960s. Portugal's most prominent law professor had a public falling out with the regime in March 1962, when he resigned as rector of Lisbon University following a clash between rebellious students and the PIDE, the political police. When students opposing the regime organized strikes on the University of Lisbon campus, Caetano resigned his rectorship after the police invaded the campus and beat and arrested some students, without asking permission to enter university premises from university authorities.When Salazar became incapacitated in September 1968, President Américo Tomás named Caetano prime minister. His tasks were formidable: in the midst of remarkable economic growth in Portugal, continued heavy immigration of Portuguese to France and other countries, and the costly colonial wars in three African colonies, namely Angola, Guinea- Bissau, and Mozambique, the regime struggled to engineer essential social and political reforms, win the wars in Africa, and move toward meaningful political reforms. Caetano supported moderately important reforms in his first two years in office (1968-70), as well as the drafting of constitutional revisions in 1971 that allowed a slight liberalization of the Dictatorship, gave the opposition more room for activity, and decentrali zed authority in the overseas provinces (colonies). Always aware of the complexity of Portugal's colonial problems and of the ongoing wars, Caetano made several visits to Africa as premier, and he sought to implement reforms in social and economic affairs while maintaining the expensive, divisive military effort, Portugal's largest armed forces mobilization in her history.Opposed by intransigent right-wing forces in various sectors in both Portugal and Africa, Caetano's modest "opening" of 1968-70 soon narrowed. Conservative forces in the military, police, civil service, and private sectors opposed key political reforms, including greater democratization, while pursuing the military solution to the African crisis and personal wealth. A significant perspective on Caetano's failed program of reforms, which could not prevent the advent of a creeping revolution in society, is a key development in the 1961-74 era of colonial wars: despite Lisbon's efforts, the greater part of Portuguese emigration and capital investment during this period were directed not to the African colonies but to Europe, North America, and Brazil.Prime Minister Caetano, discouraged by events and by opposition to his reforms from the so-called "Rheumatic Brigade" of superannuated regime loyalists, attempted to resign his office, but President Américo Tomás convinced him to remain. The publication and public reception of African hero General Antônio Spinola's best-selling book Portugal e Futuro (Portugal and the Future) in February 1974 convinced the surprised Caetano that a coup and revolution were imminent. When the virtually bloodless, smoothly operating military coup was successful in what became known as the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Caetano surrendered to the Armed Forces Movement in Lisbon and was flown to Madeira Island and later to exile in Brazil, where he remained for the rest of his life. In his Brazilian exile, Caetano was active writing important memoirs and histories of the Estado Novo from his vantage point, teaching law at a private university in Rio de Janeiro, and carrying on a lively correspondence with persons in Portugal. He died at age 74, in 1980, in Brazil.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Caetano, Marcello José das Neves Alves
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32 Legislatures
Legislative assemblies during Portugal's long history have had various names, roles, and functions. Under the precon-stitutional monarchy, various Cortes were convened by the monarch. From 1834 on, the constitutional monarchy usually featured a two-chamber legislature: a House or Chamber of Deputies and a House or Chamber of Peers (Lords). During the First Republic (1910-26), after the 1911 Constitution was drafted and ratified by the Constituent Assembly, the two-chamber legislature was composed of a Chamber of Deputies (or "Congress") and a Senate. The legislature of President Sidónio Pais's "New Republic," which met only briefly, was described as a "Congress." More consultative than law-making, the Estado Novo's legislature met from January 1935 to April 1974 and was composed of a National Assembly and a Corporative Chamber. Since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal has had a one-chamber legislature called the Assembly of the Republic. The Assembly of the Republic has 230 seats elected from 18 mainland constituencies, one each from the Azores and Madeira, one from Portuguese living in Europe, and one from among Portuguese citizens living in the rest of the world. -
33 Bissell, George Henry
[br]b. 8 November 1821 Hanover, New Hampshire, USAd. 19 November 1884 New York, USA[br]American promoter of the petroleum industry.[br]Bissell first pursued a career in education, as Professor of Languages at the University of Norwich, Vermont, and then as Superintendent of Schools in New Orleans. After dabbling in journalism, he turned to law and was admitted to the Bar in New York City in 1853. The following year he was deeply impressed by the picture of a derrick on the label on a bottle of brine from Samuel M.Kier's brine well. Bissell saw in it a new possibility of producing petroleum and, with Jonathan G.Elveleth, formed the world's first oil company, the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company, on 30 December 1854. The Company obtained a sample of oil at Hibbard Farm, Titusville, Pennsylvania, and sent it for examination to Benjamin Silliman Jr, Professor of Chemistry at Yale University. He reported on 16 April 1855 that by simple means nearly all the oil could be converted into useful substances. Bissell acted on this and began drilling near Oil Creek, Pennsylvania. On 27 August 1859 his contractor struck oil at 60 ft (18 m). This date is usually taken as the starting point of the modern oil industry, even though oil had been obtained two years earlier in Europe by drilling near Hannover and at Ploesti in Romania. Bissell returned to New York in 1863 and spent the rest of his life promoting enterprises connected with the oil industry.[br]Further ReadingObituary, 1884, New York Herald, 20 November.W.B.Kaempffert, 1924, A Popular History of American Inventions, New York. I.M.Tarbell, 1904, History of the Standard Oil Company, New York.LRD -
34 Carbutt, John
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1832 Sheffield, Englandd. 1905 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]Anglo-American photographer and photographic manufacturer.[br]Carbutt emigrated in 1853 from England to the United States, where he remained for the rest of his life. He began working as a photographer in Chicago, where he soon earned a considerable reputation and became the official photographer for the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1870 he purchased the American rights of Woodbury's photomechanical printing process and established a business to produce Woodburytypes in Philadelphia. In 1879 Carbutt set up the first successful gelatine halide dry-plate factory in America. A year later he was elected first President of the Photographers' Association of America. He began experimenting with flexible film supports in 1884 and was the first to produce satisfactory flat films on celluloid commercially. The first kinetoscope film strips used by Thomas Edison were supplied by Carbutt. Carbutt's celluloid films were exported to Europe, where nothing comparable was available at the time. He was also a pioneer manufacturer of orthochromatic plates, X-ray plates and photographic colour filters.[br]Further ReadingObituary, 1905, Journal of the Franklin Institute: 461–3. L.W.Shipley, 1965, Photography's Great Inventors, Philadelphia.G.Hendricks, 1961, The Edison Motion Picture Myth (makes reference to aspects of Carbutt's work on celluloid).JW -
35 Deville, Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 11 March 1818 St Thomas, Virgin Islandsd. 1 July 1881 Boulogne-sur-Seine, France[br]French chemist and metallurgist, pioneer in the large-scale production of aluminium and other light metals.[br]Deville was the son of a prosperous shipowner with diplomatic duties in the Virgin Islands. With his elder brother Charles, who later became a distinguished physicist, he was sent to Paris to be educated. He took his degree in medicine in 1843, but before that he had shown an interest in chemistry, due particularly to the lectures of Thenard. Two years later, with Thenard's influence, he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Besançon. In 1851 he was able to return to Paris as Professor at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. He remained there for the rest of his working life, greatly improving the standard of teaching, and his laboratory became one of the great research centres of Europe. His first chemical work had been in organic chemistry, but he then turned to inorganic chemistry, specifically to improve methods of producing the new and little-known metal aluminium. Essentially, the process consisted of forming sodium aluminium trichloride and reducing it with sodium to metallic aluminium. He obtained sodium in sufficient quantity by reducing sodium carbonate with carbon. In 1855 he exhibited specimens of the metal at the Paris Exhibition, and the same year Napoleon III asked to see them, with a view to using it for breastplates for the Army and for spoons and forks for State banquets. With the resulting government support, he set up a pilot plant at Jarvel to develop the process, and then set up a small company, the Société d'Aluminium at Nan terre. This raised the output of this attractive and useful metal, so it could be used more widely than for the jewellery to which it had hitherto been restricted. Large-scale applications, however, had to await the electrolytic process that began to supersede Deville's in the 1890s. Deville extended his sodium reduction method to produce silicon, boron and the light metals magnesium and titanium. His investigations into the metallurgy of platinum revolutionized the industry and led in 1872 to his being asked to make the platinum-iridium (90–10) alloy for the standard kilogram and metre. Deville later carried out important work in high-temperature chemistry. He grieved much at the death of his brother Charles in 1876, and his retirement was forced by declining health in 1880; he did not survive for long.[br]BibliographyDeville published influential books on aluminium and platinum; these and all his publications are listed in the bibliography in the standard biography by J.Gray, 1889, Henri Sainte-Claire Deville: sa vie et ses travaux, Paris.Further ReadingM.Daumas, 1949, "Henri Sainte-Claire Deville et les débuts de l'industrie de l'aluminium", Rev.Hist.Sci 2:352–7.J.C.Chaston, 1981, "Henri Sainte-Claire Deville: his outstanding contributions to the chemistry of the platinum metals", Platinum Metals Review 25:121–8.LRDBiographical history of technology > Deville, Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire
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36 Egerton, Francis, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 21 May 1736d. 9 March 1803 London, England[br]English entrepreneur, described as the "father of British inland navigation".[br]Francis Egerton was the younger of the two surviving sons of Scroop, 1st Duke of Bridgewater, and on the death of his brother, the 2nd Duke, he succeeded to the title in 1748. Until that time he had received little or no education as his mother considered him to be of feeble intellect. His guardians, the Duke of Bedford and Lord Trentham, decided he should be given an opportunity and sent him to Eton in 1749. He remained there for three years and then went on the "grand tour" of Europe. During this period he saw the Canal du Midi, though whether this was the spark that ignited his interest in canals is hard to say. On his return to England he indulged in the social round in London and raced at Newmarket. After two unsuccessful attempts at marriage he retired to Lancashire to further his mining interests at Worsley, where the construction of a canal to Manchester was already being considered. In fact, the Act for the Bridgewater Canal had been passed at the time he left London. John Gilbert, his land agent at Worsley, encouraged the Duke to pursue the canal project, which had received parliamentary approval in March 1759. Brindley had been recommended on account of his work at Trentham, the estate of the Duke's brother-in-law, and Brindley was consulted and subsequently appointed Engineer; the canal opened on 17 July 1761. This was immediately followed by an extension project from Longford Brook to Runcorn to improve communications between Manchester and Liverpool; this was completed on 31 December 1772, after Brindley's death. The Duke also invested heavily in the Trent \& Mersey Canal, but his interests were confined to his mines and the completed canals for the rest of his life.It is said that he lacked a sense of humour and even refused to read books. He was untidy in his dress and habits yet he was devoted to the Worsley undertakings. When travelling to Worsley he would have his coach placed on a barge so that he could inspect the canal during the journey. He amassed a great fortune from his various activities, but when he died, instead of leaving his beloved canal to the beneficiaries under his will, he created a trust to ensure that the canal would endure; the trust did not expire until 1903. The Duke is commemorated by a large Corinthian pillar, which is now in the care of the National Trust, in the grounds of his mansion at Ashridge, Hertfordshire.[br]Further ReadingH.Malet, 1961, The Canal Duke, Dawlish: David \& Charles.JHBBiographical history of technology > Egerton, Francis, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater
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37 Fairbairn, William
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 19 February 1789 Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotlandd. 18 August 1874 Farnham, Surrey, England[br]Scottish engineer and shipbuilder, pioneer in the use of iron in structures.[br]Born in modest circumstances, Fairbairn nevertheless enjoyed a broad and liberal education until around the age of 14. Thereafter he served an apprenticeship as a millwright in a Northumberland colliery. This seven-year period marked him out as a man of determination and intellectual ability; he planned his life around the practical work of pit-machinery maintenance and devoted his limited free time to the study of mathematics, science and history as well as "Church, Milton and Recreation". Like many before and countless thousands after, he worked in London for some difficult and profitless years, and then moved to Manchester, the city he was to regard as home for the rest of his life. In 1816 he was married. Along with a workmate, James Lillie, he set up a general engineering business, which steadily enlarged and ultimately involved both shipbuilding and boiler-making. The partnership was dissolved in 1832 and Fairbairn continued on his own. Consultancy work commissioned by the Forth and Clyde Canal led to the construction of iron steamships by Fairbairn for the canal; one of these, the PS Manchester was lost in the Irish Sea (through the little-understood phenomenon of compass deviation) on her delivery voyage from Manchester to the Clyde. This brought Fairbairn to the forefront of research in this field and confirmed him as a shipbuilder in the novel construction of iron vessels. In 1835 he operated the Millwall Shipyard on the Isle of Dogs on the Thames; this is regarded as one of the first two shipyards dedicated to iron production from the outset (the other being Tod and MacGregor of Glasgow). Losses at the London yard forced Fairbairn to sell off, and the yard passed into the hands of John Scott Russell, who built the I.K. Brunel -designed Great Eastern on the site. However, his business in Manchester went from strength to strength: he produced an improved Cornish boiler with two firetubes, known as the Lancashire boiler; he invented a riveting machine; and designed the beautiful swan-necked box-structured crane that is known as the Fairbairn crane to this day.Throughout his life he advocated the widest use of iron; he served on the Admiralty Committee of 1861 investigating the use of this material in the Royal Navy. In his later years he travelled widely in Europe as an engineering consultant and published many papers on engineering. His contribution to worldwide engineering was recognized during his lifetime by the conferment of a baronetcy by Queen Victoria.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCreated Baronet 1869. FRS 1850. Elected to the Academy of Science of France 1852. President, Institution of Mechnical Engineers 1854. Royal Society Gold Medal 1860. President, British Association 1861.BibliographyFairbairn wrote many papers on a wide range of engineering subjects from water-wheels to iron metallurgy and from railway brakes to the strength of iron ships. In 1856 he contributed the article on iron to the 8th edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica.Further ReadingW.Pole (ed.), 1877, The Life of Sir William Fairbairn Bart, London: Longmans Green; reprinted 1970, David and Charles Reprints (written in part by Fairbairn, but completed and edited by Pole).FMW -
38 Roebling, Washington Augustus
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 26 May 1837 Saxonburg, Pennsylvania, USAd. 21 July 1926 Trenton, New Jersey, USA.[br]American civil engineer.[br]The son of John Augustus Roebling, he graduated in 1857 from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute as a civil engineer, and joined his father in his suspension bridge construction work. He served in the Civil War as a colonel of engineers in the Union Army, and in 1867, two years after the end of the war, he went to Europe to study new methods of sinking underwater foundations by means of compressed air. These new methods were employed in the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, of which he took charge on his father's death in 1869. Timber pneumatic caissons were used, with a maximum pressure of 34 psi (2.4 kg/cm2) above atmospheric pressure. Two years after work on the piers had started in the caissons, Roebling, who had been working constantly with the men on the foundations of the piers, was carried unconscious out of the caisson, a victim of decompression sickness, then known as “caisson disease”. He was paralysed and lost the use of his voice. From then on he directed the rest of the work from the sickroom of his nearby house, his wife, Emily Warren Roebling, helping with his instructions and notes and carrying them out to the workforce; she even read a statement from him to the American Society of Civil Engineers. The erection of the cables, which were of steel, began in August 1876 and took twenty-six months to complete. In 1881 eleven trustees and Emily Warren Roebling walked across temporary planking, but the decking of the total span was not completed until 1885, fourteen years after construction of the bridge had started. The Brooklyn Bridge was Roebling's last major work, although following the death of his nephew in 1921 he was forced to head again the management of Roebling \& Company, though aged 84 and an invalid.[br]Further ReadingD.B.Steinman and S.R.Watson, 1941, Bridges and their Builders, New York: Dover Books.D.McCullough, 1982, The Great Bridge: The Epic Story of the Building of the BrooklynBridge, New York: Simon \& Schuster.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Roebling, Washington Augustus
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39 over
/'ouvə/ * danh từ - trên; ở trên =a lamp over our heads+ cái đèn treo trên đầu chúng ta =with his hat over his eyes+ cái mũ sùm sụp trên mắt =the radio+ trên đài phát thanh - trên khắp, ở khắp =rice is grown all over Vietnam+ khắp nơi ở Việt Nam nơi nào cũng trồng lúa =all the world over+ trên khắp thế giới =all the world over+ trên khắp thế giới =to travel over Europe+ đi du lịch khắp Châu Âu - hơn, trên =to set somebody over the rest+ đánh giá ai hơn những người khác, đặt ai trên những người khác =to win a victory over the enemy+ đánh thắng kẻ thù =to have command over oneself+ tự làm chủ được bản thân mình, tự kiềm chế được mình - hơn, nhiều hơn =it costs over 100d+ giá hơn 100 đồng - qua, sang, đến tận =to jump over the brook+ nhảy qua con suối =to look over the hedge+ nhìn qua hàng rào =the house over the way+ nhà bên kia đường =to stumble over a stone+ vấp phải hòn đá =over the telephone+ qua dây nói =if we can tide over the next month+ nếu ta có thể vượt qua được hết tháng sau =can you stay over Wednesday?+ anh có thể ở đến hết thứ tư không? !all over somebody - (từ lóng) mê ai, phải lòng ai, say ai !over all - từ bên này đến bên kia, bao quát !over our heads - khó quá chúng tôi không hiểu được - vượt qua đầu chúng tôi, không hỏi ý kiến chúng tôi !over head and ears in love - yêu say đắm !over shoes over boots - (xem) boot !over the top - nhảy lên (hào giao thông) để công kích !to go to sleep over one's work - đi ngủ mà còn suy nghĩ đến công việc !to have a talk over a cup of tea - nói chuyện trong khi uống trà * phó từ - nghiêng, ngửa =to lean over+ tỳ nghiêng (qua) =to fall over+ ngã ngửa - qua, sang =to jump over+ nhảy qua =to look over+ nhìn qua (sang bên kia) =to ask somebody over+ mời ai qua chơi =he is going over to the Soviet Union+ anh ấy đang đi Liên-xô =please turn over+ đề nghị lật sang trang sau =to turn somebody over on his face+ lật sấp ai xuống =to go over to the people's side+ đi sang phía nhân dân - khắp, khắp chỗ, khắp nơi =to paint it over+ sơn khắp chỗ - ngược =to bend something over+ bẻ ngược cái gì, gấp ngược cái gì - lần nữa, lại =the work is badly done, it must be done over+ công việc làm không tốt, phải làm lại - quá, hơn =over anxious+ quá lo lắng = 20kg and over+ hơn 20 kg - từ đầu đến cuối, kỹ lưỡng, cẩn thận =to count over+ đếm đi đếm lại cẩn thận =to think a matter over+ nghĩ cho chín một vấn đề - qua, xong, hết =time is over+ đã hết giờ !all over - (xem) all !over again - lại nữa !over against - đối lập với !over and above - (xem) above !over and over [again] - nhiều lần lặp đi lặp lại * danh từ - cái thêm vào, cái vượt quá - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ), (quân sự) phát đạn nổ quá mục tiêu * tính từ - cao hơn - ở ngoài hơn - nhiều hơn, quá - qua, xong hết
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