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121 Laithwaite, Eric Roberts
[br]b. 14 June 1921 Atherton, Lancashire, England[br]English engineer, notable contributor to the development of linear electric motors.[br]Laithwaite's education at Kirkham Grammar School and Regent Street Polytechnic, London, was followed by service in the Royal Air Force. After entering Manchester University in 1946 and graduating in 1949, he joined the university staff and became Secretary to the Inaugural Conference of the Ferranti Mark I computer. In 1964 he moved to Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, and became Professor of Heavy Electrical Engineering. From 1967 to 1976 he also held the post of External Professor of Applied Electricity at the Royal Institution. Research into the use of linear induction motors as shuttle drives in weaving looms was followed by investigations into their application to conveyors in industrial processes and as high-speed propulsion units for railway vehicles. With considerable involvement in a tracked hovercraft project in the 1960s and 1970s, he proposed the concept of transverse flux and the magnetic river high-speed linear induction machine. Linear motors and electromagnetic levitation have been applied to high-speed propulsion in the United States, France and Japan.Laithwaite has written five books and over one hundred papers on the subjects of linear motors and electromagnetic levitation. Two series of Christmas lectures were presented by him at the Royal Institution.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Society S.G.Brown Medal 1966. Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers Nikola Tesla Award 1986.Bibliography1966, Induction Machines for Special Purposes, London.1970, Propulsion Without Wheels, London (discusses properties and applications of linear induction motors).1977 (ed.), Transport Without Wheels, London (describes the design and applications of linear electric motors).1987, A History of Linear Electric Motors, London (provides a general historical survey).Further ReadingB.Bowers, 1982, A History of Electric Light and Power, London, pp. 261–4 (provides an account of early linear motors).M.Poloujadoff, 1980, The Theory of Linear Induction Motors, Oxford (for a comparison of analytical methods recommended by various investigators).GWBiographical history of technology > Laithwaite, Eric Roberts
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122 Voelcker, John Christopher
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 24 September 1822 Frankfurt am Main, Germanyd. 5 December 1884 England[br]German analytical chemist resident in England whose reports on feedstuffs and fertilizers had a considerable influence on the quality of these products.[br]The son of a merchant in the city of his birth, John Christopher had delicate health and required private tuition to overcome the loss of his early years of schooling. At the age of 22 he went to study chemistry at Göttingen University and then worked for a short time for Liebig at Giessen. In 1847 he obtained a post as Analyst and Consulting Chemist at the Agricultural Chemistry Association of Scotland's Edinburgh office, and two years later he became Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester, retaining this post until 1862. In 1855 he was appointed Chemist to the Bath and West Agricultural Society, and in that capacity organized lectures and field trials, and in 1857 he also became Consulting Chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Initially he studied the properties of farmyard manure and also the capacity of the soil to absorb ammonia, potash and sodium. As Consulting Chemist to farmers he analysed feedstuffs and manures; his assessments of artificial manures did much to force improvements in standards. During the 1860s he worked on milk and dairy products. He published the results of his work each year in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. In 1877 he became involved in the field trials initiated and funded by the Duke of Bedford on his Woburn farm, and he continued his association with this venture until his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS. Founder and Vice-President, Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1877. Member Chemical Society 1849; he was a member of Council as well as its Vice-President at the time of his death. Member of the Board of Studies, Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester; Honorary Professor from 1882.BibliographyHis papers are to be found in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, for which he began to write reports in 1855, and also in the Journal of the Bath and West Society.Further ReadingJ.H.Gilbert, 1844, obituary, Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, pp. 308–21 (a detailed account).Sir E.John Russell, A History of Agricultural Science in Great Britain.See also: Voelcker, John AugustusAPBiographical history of technology > Voelcker, John Christopher
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123 enroll
ɪnˈrəul вносить в список;
регистрировать - to * smb. on the list of... внести кого-либо в список... - it took two days to * the new students регистрация новых студентов заняла два дня - he was *ed among the ranks of the immortals он был причислен к "бессмертным" записывать (в члены организации) ;
зачислять - the school *s about 800 pupils в эту школу зачислено около 800 учеников - they *ed him on their staff они зачислили его в штат - to * smb. as a member включить кого-либо в качестве члена - * me for membership зачислите меня в список членов записываться( в организацию) ;
вступать в члены - to * for a course of lectures записаться на курс лекций - to * with an employment agency стать на учет в бюро найма( военное) зачислять на военную службу (военное) поступать на военную службу свертывать;
завертывать;
обертывать (американизм) составлять окончательный проект закона для представления на утверждение enroll вербовать ~ заносить в список личного состава ~ приобщать к материалам судопроизводства ~ регистрировать -
124 theme
θi:m сущ.
1) а) тема, предмет( разговора, сочинения) basic, dominant theme ≈ главная тема contemporary theme ≈ современная тема Syn: topic б) амер. сочинение на заданную тему Syn: composition
2) а) основная мысль;
лейтмотив( художественного произведения) б) муз. тема Syn: melody
3) а) грам. основа б) лингв. тема
4) радио позывные (тж. theme song) тема;
предмет (разговора, рассуждения, сочинения) - the * of today's lecture тема сегодняшней лекции - the war * военная тема - * for discussion тема для обсуждения - lectures of such *s лекции на такие темы - a wide range of *s большой выбор тем - to choose love for a * избрать любовь в качестве темы - to develop the * развивать тему - united by a common * объединенные общей темой - the * is positively overworked эта тема совершенно заезжена основная мысль;
характерная черта( школьное) сочинение на заданную тему - to write a * написать( школьное) сочинение (музыкальное) тема - second * побочная тема - variations on a * вариации на тему - * song повторяющаяся мелодия;
лейтмотив - to vary the * варьировать тему (грамматика) основа тема (радиотехника) позывные (историческое) провинция Византийской империи положение звезд в момент рождения человека (в астрологии) -
125 enroll
enroll
1> вносить в список; регистрировать
_Ex:
to enroll smb. on the list of... внести кого-либо в список...
_Ex:
it took two days to enroll the new students регистрация
новых студентов заняла два дня
_Ex:
he was enrolled among the ranks of the immortals он был
причислен к "бессмертным"
2> записывать (в члены организации); зачислять
_Ex:
the school enrolls about 800 pupils в эту школу зачислено
около 800 учеников
_Ex:
they enrolled him on their staff они зачислили его в штат
_Ex:
to enroll smb. as a member включить кого-либо в качестве члена
_Ex:
enroll me for membership зачислите меня в список членов
3> записываться (в организацию); вступать в члены
_Ex:
to enroll for a course of lectures записаться на курс лекций
_Ex:
to enroll with an employment agency стать на учет в бюро найма
4> _воен. зачислять на военную службу
5> _воен. поступать на военную службу
6> свертывать; завертывать; обертывать
7> _ам. составлять окончательный проект закона для
представления на утверждение -
126 hear
[hıə] v (heard)1. 1) слышать, услышатьI heard him laugh /laughing/ - я слышал, как он смеялся
I heard my name mentioned - я слышал, как назвали моё имя
I cannot hear myself speak - (так шумно, что) я не слышу собственного голоса
he that hath ears to hear, let him hear - библ. имеющий уши да услышит
2) слышать, обладать слухом2. 1) слушать, вниматьto hear a famous singer [violinist] - слушать знаменитого певца [скрипача]
2) слушать регулярно, быть регулярным слушателем (радиопередач, лекций, проповедей и т. п.)3) школ. спрашиватьto hear a lesson - спрашивать задание /урок/
3. 1) заслушать официально или публично; выслушать (делегацию, свидетеля и т. п.)to hear a deputation - принять /выслушать/ делегацию
2) юр. слушать, разбирать дело ( на судебном заседании)4. 1) услышать, узнатьto hear the news [the truth] - услышать /узнать/ новость [правду]
to hear say /tell of/ - уст. услышать, узнать о чём-л. от кого-л.
I heard that you intend to go to the South - я слышал /мне сказали/, что вы собираетесь поехать на юг
I'm glad to hear that - я рад узнать об этом; отрадно слышать
we first heard of this disease in the sixth century - первое упоминание об этой болезни относится к шестому веку
2) (from) получать известие, сообщениеhow often do you hear from your brother? - как часто пишет вам ваш брат /вы получаете известия от своего брата?/
let me hear from you - напиши мне; дай мне знать о себе
we hear from our representative - офиц. наш представитель сообщает нам
hoping to hear from you - канц. в ожидании вашего письма /ответа/
5. согласиться на (что-л.); внять (чьим-л. просьбам и т. п.)he would not hear of it - он ни за что не соглашался на это, он и слышать об этом не хотел
who ever heard of going to bed at nine! - где это видано - ложиться спать в девять часов!
♢
hear! hear! - правильно!, правильно! (возглас, выражающий согласие с выступающим)you will hear about /of/ this later - а) вам за это ещё попадёт /влетит, достанется/; б) вы будете вознаграждены за это
to hear the grass grow - обладать исключительной сообразительностью /проницательностью/
let's hear it for the President! - поаплодируем президенту!
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127 theme
[θi:m] n1. тема; предмет (разговора, рассуждения, сочинения)2. основная мысль; характерная черта3. школ. сочинение на заданную тему4. муз. темаtheme song - а) повторяющаяся мелодия; лейтмотив; б) = 7
5. грам. основа6. лингв. тема7. радио позывные (тж. theme song)8. ист. провинция Византийской империи9. положение звёзд в момент рождения человека ( в астрологии) -
128 class
1. plural - classes; noun1) (a group of people or things that are alike in some way: The dog won first prize in its class in the dog show.) klasse, art, slag2) ((the system according to which people belong to) one of a number of economic/social groups: the upper class; the middle class; the working class; ( also adjective) the class system.) klasse3) (a grade or rank (of merit): musicians of a high class.) kvalitets-, førsteklasses4) (a number of students or scholars taught together: John and I are in the same class.) klasse5) (a school lesson or college lecture etc: a French class.) time, forelesning6) ((American) a course or series of lectures, often leading to an examination.) kurs, -undervisning2. verb(to regard as being of a certain type: He classes all women as stupid.) klassifisere, sette i bås- class-roomklasseIsubst. \/klaːs\/1) klasse (i samfunnet), klassevesen, kastevesen2) gruppe, kategori, klasse, art, sort3) ( skolevesen) klasse, leksjon, (skole)time, kurs4) klasse, kvalitet, førsteklasses (foranstilt), av klasse5) (amer.) årgang, årskull, årsklasse1993-kullet \/ avgangskullet fra 1993• he is a Harvard man, class of 93be in class (amer., om lærer) ha time, undervisebe in the same class være av samme klassecut class skulkein a class by itself i en klasse for segin class i timen, under leksjonentake a class ( om lærer) ha en klasse, ha time, undervise ( universitet) ta «honours degree», forklaring: ta B.A.-eksamenthe unpropertied classes de eiendomsløse klassene, de ubemidledeup in class ( hverdagslig) av fullgod kvalitetIIverb \/klaːs\/1) sette i klasse, innordne, klassifisere2) regnesclass among regne (med) blant, regne tilclass as regnes somclass with sette i klasse med, likestille med
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