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41 Edwards, Humphrey
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]fl. c.1808–25 London (?), Englandd. after 1825 France (?)[br]English co-developer of Woolf s compound steam engine.[br]When Arthur Woolf left the Griffin Brewery, London, in October 1808, he formed a partnership with Humphrey Edwards, described as a millwright at Mill Street, Lambeth, where they started an engine works to build Woolf's type of compound engine. A number of small engines were constructed and other ordinary engines modified with the addition of a high-pressure cylinder. Improvements were made in each succeeding engine, and by 1811 a standard form had been evolved. During this experimental period, engines were made with cylinders side by side as well as the more usual layout with one behind the other. The valve gear and other details were also improved. Steam pressure may have been around 40 psi (2.8 kg/cm2). In an advertisement of February 1811, the partners claimed that their engines had been brought to such a state of perfection that they consumed only half the quantity of coal required for engines on the plan of Messrs Boulton \& Watt. Woolf visited Cornwall, where he realized that more potential for his engines lay there than in London; in May 1811 the partnership was dissolved, with Woolf returning to his home county. Edwards struggled on alone in London for a while, but when he saw a more promising future for the engine in France he moved to Paris. On 25 May 1815 he obtained a French patent, a Brevet d'importation, for ten years. A report in 1817 shows that during the previous two years he had imported into France fifteen engines of different sizes which were at work in eight places in various parts of the country. He licensed a mining company in the north of France to make twenty-five engines for winding coal. In France there was always much more interest in rotative engines than pumping ones. Edwards may have formed a partnership with Goupil \& Cie, Dampierre, to build engines, but this is uncertain. He became a member of the firm Scipion, Perrier, Edwards \& Chappert, which took over the Chaillot Foundry of the Perrier Frères in Paris, and it seems that Edwards continued to build steam engines there for the rest of his life. In 1824 it was claimed that he had made about 100 engines in England and another 200 in France, but this is probably an exaggeration.The Woolf engine acquired its popularity in France because its compound design was more economical than the single-cylinder type. To enable it to be operated safely, Edwards first modified Woolf s cast-iron boiler in 1815 by placing two small drums over the fire, and then in 1825 replaced the cast iron with wrought iron. The modified boiler was eventually brought back to England in the 1850s as the "French" or "elephant" boiler.[br]Further ReadingMost details about Edwards are to be found in the biographies of his partner, Arthur Woolf. For example, see T.R.Harris, 1966, Arthur Woolf, 1766–1837, The Cornish Engineer, Truro: D.Bradford Barton; Rhys Jenkins, 1932–3, "A Cornish Engineer, Arthur Woolf, 1766–1837", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 13. These use information from the originally unpublished part of J.Farey, 1971, A Treatise on the Steam Engine, Vol. II, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.RLH -
42 Eiffel, Alexandre Gustave
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 15 December 1832 Dijon, Franced. 27 December 1923 Paris, France[br]French engineer, best known for the famous tower in Paris that bears his name.[br]During his long life Eiffel, together with a number of architects, was responsible for the design and construction of a wide variety of bridges, viaducts, harbour installations, exhibition halls, galleries and department stores; he set up his own firm in 1867 to handle such construction. Of particular note were his great arched bridges, such as the 530 ft (162 m) span arch over the River Douro at Oporto in Portugal (1877–9) and the 550 ft (168 m) span of the Pont de Garabit over the Truyère in France (1880–4). He was responsible in 1884 for the protective iron-work for the Statue of Liberty in New York and, a year later, for the great dome over the Nice Observatory. In 1876 he had collaborated with Boileau to build the Bon Marché department store in Paris. The predominant material for all these structures was iron, and, in some cases glass was important. The famous Eiffel Tower in Paris is entirely of wrought iron, and the legs are supported on masonry piers that are each set into concrete beneath the ground. The idea of the tower was first conceived in 1884 by Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nougier, and Eiffel won a competition for the commission to built the structure. His imaginative and practical scheme was for a strong lightweight construction 984 ft (300 m) high, with its 12,000 sections to be prefabricated and riveted together largely before erection; the open, perforated design reduced the problems of wind resistance. The tower was constructed on schedule by 1889 to commemorate the centenary of the outbreak of the French Revolution and was the tallest structure in the world until the erection of the Empire State Building in New York in 1930–2.[br]Further ReadingJ.Harriss, 1975, The Tallest Tower: Eiffel and the Belle Epoque, Boston: Hough ton Mifflin.F.Poncetton, 1939, Eiffel: Le Magicien du Fer, Paris: Tournelle.DYBiographical history of technology > Eiffel, Alexandre Gustave
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43 forjado
Del verbo forjar: ( conjugate forjar) \ \
forjado es: \ \el participioMultiple Entries: forjado forjar
forjar ( conjugate forjar) verbo transitivo ‹ metal› to work ‹ plan› to make; ‹ilusiones/esperanzas› to build up ‹amistad/alianza› to forge forjarse verbo pronominal ‹ porvenir› to shape, forge; ‹ ilusiones› to build up
forjado,-a I adjetivo wrought, forged
II sustantivo masculino floor structure, framework: están tirando los forjados de madera que estaban carcomidos, they're getting rid of the wooden framework that was worm-eaten
forjar verbo transitivo
1 (un metal) to forge
2 (una empresa, una ilusión) to create, make ' forjado' also found in these entries: Spanish: forjada I - hierro English: wrought iron -
44 WI
1) Компьютерная техника: Window Information2) Американизм: With Interest, Write In3) Военный термин: word intelligibility4) Техника: Ward identity, washing-in, weak interaction5) Математика: Weighted Interpolation6) Метеорология: Water Ice7) Юридический термин: With Intervention8) Биржевой термин: Working Investment, 'когда и если будет выпущен ' (обозначение сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён; when issued)9) География: Висконсин (штат США)10) Политика: Western Sahara11) Сокращение: Warning Installations, Wetzel International Inc. (USA), Wisconsin (US state), Wisconsin, Women's Institute, West Indies, Windward Islands, Wageningen International, Wallops Island (Virginia), Warfighter's Internet, Warm Ischemia, Warsaw Initiative, Water Index, Water Injection (oil industry), Water Intrusion, Waterloo Industries, Wave Injector, Waveform Interpolation, Weak Infeed, Weapon Initiator, Weapons Inspector, Web Intelligence, Weekly Indemnity (refers to short term disability insurance), Weld(ing) Inspector, What If?, When Issued (stocks), Williams International, Wine Institute, Wing Intelligence, Winrock International, Wipro Infotech, Wireless, Wirtschaftsinformatik (German), Within, Woodwork Institute (formerly Woodwork Institute of California), Work Input (simple machines), Work Instruction, Work Items, Write Image, Writing Intensive12) Университет: Withdrawn Incomplete13) Физика: Wavelet Image14) Физиология: Walk In15) Вычислительная техника: расширение файлов растровых изображений в формате WI, Welding Institute (UK)16) Нефть: drilling fluid weight, washing in, working interest, заглубление свай путём размыва (дна моря, washing-in), нагнетание воды (в пласт; water injection)17) Банковское дело: после выпуска (условие сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён; when issued)18) Пищевая промышленность: Wine And Indulgence19) Фирменный знак: Walden International, Wendel Investissement, Wendel Investment20) Энергетика: индекс Воббе, число Воббе (\<кВтч/м3\>)21) СМИ: Word Initial22) Деловая лексика: "когда и если будет выпущен" (обозначение сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён, when issued), Wage Increase23) Бурение: заглубление свай путём размыва дна моря (washing in), нагнетание воды в пласт (water injection)24) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Wobbe index25) Образование: What Is, Writing Instructor26) Инвестиции: when issued27) Сахалин Р: Water Injection28) Макаров: wrought iron29) SAP.тех. элемент потока операций30) Нефть и газ: долевое участие в расходах на разработку и эксплуатацию месторождения, доля затрат компании от общих затрат, доля затрат компании от общих затрат по проекту [напр., на бурение, добычу], прямое долевое участие31) ООН: World Impact32) Общественная организация: Wiesenthal Institute, Wilderness Inquiry33) Должность: Well Informed34) AMEX. Westminster Capital, Inc. -
45 Wi
1) Компьютерная техника: Window Information2) Американизм: With Interest, Write In3) Военный термин: word intelligibility4) Техника: Ward identity, washing-in, weak interaction5) Математика: Weighted Interpolation6) Метеорология: Water Ice7) Юридический термин: With Intervention8) Биржевой термин: Working Investment, 'когда и если будет выпущен ' (обозначение сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён; when issued)9) География: Висконсин (штат США)10) Политика: Western Sahara11) Сокращение: Warning Installations, Wetzel International Inc. (USA), Wisconsin (US state), Wisconsin, Women's Institute, West Indies, Windward Islands, Wageningen International, Wallops Island (Virginia), Warfighter's Internet, Warm Ischemia, Warsaw Initiative, Water Index, Water Injection (oil industry), Water Intrusion, Waterloo Industries, Wave Injector, Waveform Interpolation, Weak Infeed, Weapon Initiator, Weapons Inspector, Web Intelligence, Weekly Indemnity (refers to short term disability insurance), Weld(ing) Inspector, What If?, When Issued (stocks), Williams International, Wine Institute, Wing Intelligence, Winrock International, Wipro Infotech, Wireless, Wirtschaftsinformatik (German), Within, Woodwork Institute (formerly Woodwork Institute of California), Work Input (simple machines), Work Instruction, Work Items, Write Image, Writing Intensive12) Университет: Withdrawn Incomplete13) Физика: Wavelet Image14) Физиология: Walk In15) Вычислительная техника: расширение файлов растровых изображений в формате WI, Welding Institute (UK)16) Нефть: drilling fluid weight, washing in, working interest, заглубление свай путём размыва (дна моря, washing-in), нагнетание воды (в пласт; water injection)17) Банковское дело: после выпуска (условие сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён; when issued)18) Пищевая промышленность: Wine And Indulgence19) Фирменный знак: Walden International, Wendel Investissement, Wendel Investment20) Энергетика: индекс Воббе, число Воббе (\<кВтч/м3\>)21) СМИ: Word Initial22) Деловая лексика: "когда и если будет выпущен" (обозначение сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён, when issued), Wage Increase23) Бурение: заглубление свай путём размыва дна моря (washing in), нагнетание воды в пласт (water injection)24) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Wobbe index25) Образование: What Is, Writing Instructor26) Инвестиции: when issued27) Сахалин Р: Water Injection28) Макаров: wrought iron29) SAP.тех. элемент потока операций30) Нефть и газ: долевое участие в расходах на разработку и эксплуатацию месторождения, доля затрат компании от общих затрат, доля затрат компании от общих затрат по проекту [напр., на бурение, добычу], прямое долевое участие31) ООН: World Impact32) Общественная организация: Wiesenthal Institute, Wilderness Inquiry33) Должность: Well Informed34) AMEX. Westminster Capital, Inc. -
46 ku|ć
impf (kuję) Ⅰ vt 1. (obrabiać metal) to forge, to hammer [żelazo, zbroję]- brama była kuta w ozdobne wzory the gate was made of ornamental wrought iron2. (w kamieniu) (rozkruszać) to hew [skałę, kamień]; (wyrąbywać) to bore [tunel]; to carve, to hew [pomnik, nagrobek]; to carve, to chisel [napis]- kuć w kamieniu/skale to carve a. hew stone/rock- kuł w kamieniu pomnik he was carving a monument out of stone- kucie nagrobków monumental masonry ⇒ wykuć3. (ozdabiać metalem) to decorate with metal fittings- skórzana uprzęż kuta srebrem a leather harness with silver fittings ⇒ okuć4. to shoe [konia] 5. pot. (uczyć się) to grind away at, to swot up (on) GB pot.- kuć matematykę to swot up on a. grind away at one’s mathsⅡ vi 1. (stukać miarowo) to knock (w coś/czymś on sth/with sth); (mocniej) to bang, to hammer (w coś/czymś sth/with sth)- dzięcioł kuł w drzewo a woodpecker was drumming against a tree2. pot. (uczyć się) to cram, to swot (up) GB pot.- kuć do egzaminu to swot (up) a. cram for an exam ⇒ wykuć■ (on) jest kuty na cztery nogi pot. he’s nobody’s fool, there are no flies on him- konia kują, a żaba nogę podstawia przysł. somebody does (all) the work, while somebody else takes (all) the credit for it- kuć żelazo, póki gorące przysł. to strike while the iron is hot przysł.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ku|ć
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47 Hedley, William
[br]b. 13 July 1779 Newburn, Northumberland, Englandd. 9 January 1843 Lanchester, Co. Durham, England[br]English coal-mine manager, pioneer in the construction and use of steam locomotives.[br]The Wylam wagonway passed Newburn, and Hedley, who went to school at Wylam, must have been familiar with this wagonway from childhood. It had been built c.1748 to carry coal from Wylam Colliery to the navigable limit of the Tyne at Lemington. In 1805 Hedley was appointed viewer, or manager, of Wylam Colliery by Christopher Blackett, who had inherited the colliery and wagonway in 1800. Unlike most Tyneside wagonways, the gradient of the Wylam line was insufficient for loaded wagons to run down by gravity and they had to be hauled by horses. Blackett had a locomotive, of the type designed by Richard Trevithick, built at Gateshead as early as 1804 but did not take delivery, probably because his wooden track was not strong enough. In 1808 Blackett and Hedley relaid the wagonway with plate rails of the type promoted by Benjamin Outram, and in 1812, following successful introduction of locomotives at Middleton by John Blenkinsop, Blackett asked Hedley to investigate the feasibility of locomotives at Wylam. The expense of re-laying with rack rails was unwelcome, and Hedley experimented to find out the relationship between the weight of a locomotive and the load it could move relying on its adhesion weight alone. He used first a model test carriage, which survives at the Science Museum, London, and then used a full-sized test carriage laden with weights in varying quantities and propelled by men turning handles. Having apparently satisfied himself on this point, he had a locomotive incorporating the frames and wheels of the test carriage built. The work was done at Wylam by Thomas Waters, who was familiar with the 1804 locomotive, Timothy Hackworth, foreman smith, and Jonathan Forster, enginewright. This locomotive, with cast-iron boiler and single cylinder, was unsatisfactory: Hackworth and Forster then built another locomotive to Hedley's design, with a wrought-iron return-tube boiler, two vertical external cylinders and drive via overhead beams through pinions to the two axles. This locomotive probably came into use in the spring of 1814: it performed well and further examples of the type were built. Their axle loading, however, was too great for the track and from about 1815 each locomotive was mounted on two four-wheeled bogies, the bogie having recently been invented by William Chapman. Hedley eventually left Wylam in 1827 to devote himself to other colliery interests. He supported the construction of the Clarence Railway, opened in 1833, and sent his coal over it in trains hauled by his own locomotives. Two of his Wylam locomotives survive— Puffing Billy at the Science Museum, London, and Wylam Dilly at the Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh—though how much of these is original and how much dates from the period 1827–32, when the Wylam line was re-laid with edge rails and the locomotives reverted to four wheels (with flanges), is a matter of mild controversy.[br]Further ReadingP.R.B.Brooks, 1980, William Hedley Locomotive Pioneer, Newcastle upon Tyne: Tyne \& Wear Industrial Monuments Trust (a good recent short biography of Hedley, with bibliography).R.Young, 1975, Timothy Hackworth and the Locomotive, Shildon: Shildon "Stockton \& Darlington Railway" Silver Jubilee Committee; orig. pub. 1923, London.C.R.Warn, 1976, Waggonways and Early Railways of Northumberland, Newcastle upon Tyne: Frank Graham.See also: Stephenson, GeorgePJGR -
48 Whipple, Squire
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 1804 Hardwick, Massachusetts, USAd. 15 March 1888 Albany, New York, USA[br]American civil engineer, author and inventor.[br]The son of James and Electa Whipple, his father was a farmer and later the owner of a small cotton mil at Hardwick, Massachusetts. In 1817 Squire Whipple moved with his family to Otego County, New York. He helped on the farm and attended the academy at Fairfield, Herkimer County. For a time he taught school pupils, and in 1829 he entered Union College, Schenectady, where he received the degree of AB in 1830; his interest in engineering was probably aroused by the construction of the Erie Canal near his home during his boyhood. He was first employed in a minor capacity in surveys for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and for the Erie Canal. In 1836–7 he was resident engineer for a division of the New York and Erie Railroad and was also employed in a number of other railroad and canal surveys, making surveying instruments in the intervals between these appointments; in 1840, he completed a lock for weighing canal boats.Whipple received his first bridge patent on 24 April 1841; this was for a truss of arched upper chord made of cast and wrought iron. Five years later, he devised a trapezoidal truss which was used in the building of many bridges over the succeeding generation. In 1852–3 Whipple used his truss in an iron railroad bridge of 44.5 m (146 ft) span on the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad. He also built a number of bridges with lifting spans.Whipple's main contribution to bridge engineering was the publication in 1847 of A Work on Bridge Building. In 1869 he issued a continuation of this treatise, and a fourth edition of both was published in 1883.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Member, American Society of Civil Engineers.IMcN -
49 Tompion, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]baptized 25 July 1639 Ickwell Green, Englandd. 20 November 1713 London, England[br]English clock-and watchmaker of great skill and ingenuity who laid the foundations of his country's pre-eminence in that field.[br]Little is known about Tompion's early life except that he was born into a family of blacksmiths. When he was admitted into the Clockmakers' Company in 1671 he was described as a "Great Clockmaker", which meant a maker of turret clocks, and as these clocks were made of wrought iron they would have required blacksmithing skills. Despite this background, he also rapidly established his reputation as a watchmaker. In 1674 he moved to premises in Water Lane at the sign of "The Dial and Three Crowns", where his business prospered and he remained for the rest of his life. Assisted by journeymen and up to eleven apprentices at any one time, the output from his workshop was prodigious, amounting to over 5,000 watches and 600 clocks. In his lifetime he was famous for his watches, as these figures suggest, but although they are of high quality they do not differ markedly from those produced by other London watchmakers of that period. He is now known more for the limited number of elaborate clocks that he produced, such as the equation clock and the spring-driven clock of a year's duration, which he made for William III. Around 1711 he took into partnership his nephew by marriage, George Graham, who carried on the business after his death.Although Tompion does not seem to have been particularly innovative, he lived at a time when great advances were being made in horology, which his consummate skill as a craftsman enabled him to exploit. In this he was greatly assisted by his association with Robert Hooke, for whom Tompion constructed a watch with a balance spring in 1675; at that time Hooke was trying to establish his priority over Huygens for this invention. Although this particular watch was not successful, it made Tompion aware of the potential of the balance spring and he became the first person in England to apply Huygens's spiral spring to the balance of a watch. Although Thuret had constructed such a watch somewhat earlier in France, the superior quality of Tompion's wheel work, assisted by Hooke's wheel-cutting engine, enabled him to dominate the market. The anchor escapement (which reduced the amplitude of the pendulum's swing) was first applied to clocks around this time and produced further improvements in accuracy which Tompion and other makers were able to utilize. However, the anchor escapement, like the verge escapement, produced recoil (the clock was momentarily driven in reverse). Tompion was involved in attempts to overcome this defect with the introduction of the dead-beat escapement for clocks and the horizontal escapement for watches. Neither was successful, but they were both perfected later by George Graham.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMaster of the Clockmakers' Company 1703.Bibliography1695, with William Houghton and Edward Barlow, British patent no. 344 (for a horizontal escapement).Further ReadingR.W.Symonds, 1951, Thomas Tompion, His Life and Work, London (a comprehensive but now slightly dated account).H.W.Robinson and W.Adams (eds), 1935, The Diary of Robert Hooke (contains many references to Tompion).D.Howse, 1970, The Tompion clocks at Greenwich and the dead-beat escapement', Antiquarian Horology 7:18–34, 114–33.DV -
50 uku|ć2
pf vt przest. (wykuć z metalu) to work [żelazo, stal]; to forge [kosę, zbroję, metal]- brama ukuta z żelaza a wrought-iron gate ⇒ kućThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > uku|ć2
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51 Bury, Edward
[br]b. 22 October 1794 Salford, Lancashire, Englandd. 25 November 1858 Scarborough, Yorkshire, England[br]English steam locomotive designer and builder.[br]Bury was the earliest engineer to build locomotives distinctively different from those developed by Robert Stephenson yet successful in mainline passenger service. A Liverpool sawmill owner, he set up as a locomotive manufacturer while the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway was under construction and, after experiments, completed the four-wheeled locomotive Liverpool in 1831. It included features that were to be typical of his designs: a firebox in the form of a vertical cylinder with a dome-shaped top and the front flattened to receive the tubes, and inside frames built up from wrought-iron bars. In 1838 Bury was appointed to supply and maintain the locomotives for the London \& Birmingham Railway (L \& BR), then under construction by Robert Stephenson, on the grounds that the latter should not also provide its locomotives. For several years the L \& BR used Bury locomotives exclusively, and they were also used on several other early main lines. Following export to the USA, their bar frames became an enduring feature of locomotive design in that country. Bury claimed, with justification, that his locomotives were economical in maintenance and fuel: the shape of the firebox promoted rapid circulation of water. His locomotives were well built, but some of their features precluded enlargement of the design to produce more powerful locomotives and within a few years they were outclassed.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1844.Bibliography1840, "On the locomotive engines of the London and Birmingham Railway", Transactions of the Institution of Civil Engineers 3 (4) (provides details of his locomotives and the thinking behind them).Further ReadingC.F.Dendy Marshall, 1953, A History of'Railway Locomotives Down to the End of the Year 1831, London: The Locomotive Publishing Co. (describes Bury's early work).P.J.G.Ransom, 1990, The Victorian Railway and How It Evolved, London: Heinemann, pp. 167–8 and 174–6.PJGR -
52 Greathead, James Henry
[br]b. 6 August 1844 Grahamstown, Cape Colony (now South Africa)d. 21 October 1896 Streatham, London, England[br]British civil engineer, inventor of the Greathead tunnelling shield.[br]Greathead came to England in 1859 to complete his education. In 1864 he began a three-year pupillage with the civil engineer Peter W. Barlow, after which he was engaged as an assistant engineer on the extension of the Midland Railway from Bedford to London. In 1869 he was entrusted with the construction of the Tower Subway under the River Thames; this was carried out using a cylindrical wrought-iron shield which was forced forward by six large screws as material was excavated in front of it. This work was completed the same year. In 1870 he set himself up as a consulting engineer, and from 1873 he was Resident Engineer on the Hammersmith and Richmond extensions of the Metropolitan District Railway. He assisted in the preparation of several other railway projects including the Regent's Canal Railway in 1880, the Dagenham Dock and the Metropolitan Outer Circle Railways in 1881, a new line from London to Eastbourne and a number of Irish light railways. He worked on a bill for the City and South London Railway, which was built between 1886 and 1890; here compressed air was used to prevent the inrush of water, a method for tunnelling which was generally adopted from then on. He invented apparatus for the application of water to excavate in front of the shield as well as for injecting cement-grout behind the lining of the tunnel.He was joint engineer with Sir Douglas Fox for the construction of the Liverpool Overhead Railway, and held the same post with W.R.Galbraith on the Waterloo and City Railway; he was also associated with Sir John Fowler and Sir Benjamin Baker in the construction of the Central London Railway. He died, aged 52, before the completion of some of these projects.[br]Further ReadingObituary, 1896, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.O.Green, 1987, The London Underground: An Illustrated History', London: Ian Allan (in association with the London Transport Museum).P.P.Holman, 1990, The Amazing Electric Tube: A History of the City and South LondonRailway, London: London Transport Museum.IMcN -
53 YRKJA
(yrki, orta, ortr), v.1) to work, esp. to fill, cultivate (y. jörðina, landit);2) to make verses (y. kvæði, drápu, lof, níð, háðung um e-n); absol., hann var kærr konungi ok orti vel, he was beloved by the king, and a good poet;3) y. á e-t, to set about; en er þeir fundust, ortu bœndr þegar á til bardaga, the peasants at once set upon them; Eiríkr jarl orti ekki á at berjast við Erling, Eirik made no attempt to fight Erling; y. á e-n, to work upon; hvárki eldr né járn orti á þá, neither fire nor iron did them any harm; y. orða á e-n, to address one, speak to one (hann svaraði stirt ok strítt, þá er menn ortu orða á hann);4) refl., yrkist í um e-t, it begins; (gerist nú svá sem dœmi finnast til, at á ortist um mannfallit); recipr. to attack one another (síðan fylktu þeir liði sínu ok ortust á ok börðust); þeir ortust á vísur, they competed in verse-making.* * *ð and t, pret. orti, part. yrt and ort; [A. S. wyrcan, wrohte; Engl. work, wrought; Goth. waurkjan; O. H. G. wurchian; the initial w being dropped, see orka]:—to work, but chiefly used in a special sense to till, cultivate; enn sá maðr er engit á, hann skal þat láta fyrst yrkja … en ef hann yrkir eigi svá engit, … ok vili hann þó yrt hafa, Grág. ii. 280; ok svá þeir er á mörkina ortu, Eg. 14; ok Drottinn Guð tók manninn og setti hann í þann aldin-garð Eden, að hann skyldi yrkja hann og varðveita, Gen. ii. 15; at hann geti ortar vel engjar fyrir þær sakir, Grág. ii. 335; yrkja jörðina eðr vinna, Stj. 29; yrkja holt né haga, N. G. L. i. 249; yrkja ræfrar ok börku til húsa-þaks, to work (i. e. to scrape) bark for thatching, 242.II. to make verses (cp. Gr. ποιητής; Old Engl. maker = poet); hvárki á maðr at yrkja um mann lof né löst… ef maðr yrkir tvau orð enn annarr önnur tvau, ok ráða þeir báðir samt um, ok varðar skóggang hvárum-tveggja, … yrkja níð eðr háðung um e-n, Grág. ii. 147–149; síðan orti Ölver mörg mansöngs-kvæði, Eg. 5; at þú vakir í nott ok yrkir lofkvæði um Eirík konung, … hann orti drápu tvítuga, … yrkja lof um e-n, þá orti Egill alla drápuna, ok hafði fest svá at hann mátti kveða um morguninn, 419; þessi vísa er góð ok vel ort, ok skaltú yrkja aðra vísu, … þessi vísa var ílla ort ok skal ek kveða aðra betri, Fms. vi. 362, 416; hann var kærr konungi ok orti vel, he was a good poet, and wrought well, Orkn. 146, Fms. vii. 111; konungr mælti, ertú skáldit?—Hann svarar, kann ek at yrkja, ii. 39; hann tók at yrkja þegar er hann var ungr, ok var maðr námgjarn, Eg. 685; yrkja kann ek vánu verr, Mkv.; hann er svá orðhagr at hann mun yrkja saman rár-endana, Fbr. 82 new Ed.; and so in countless instances old and mod.2. generally, to make, compose; þessi rit era ort af afli ástar. Hom. 1; Guðs Sonr í þeirri bæn er hann sjálfr orti (the Lord’s Prayer), 655 i. 2.III. spec. usages; hvárki eldr né járn orti á þá neither fire nor iron worked on them, wrought their hurt, Hkr. i. 11; en er þeir fundusk, ortu bændr þegar á til bardaga, the ‘bonders’ (peasants) at once set upon them, Ó. H. 110; Eríkr jarl orti því ekki á at berjask við Erling, at hann var frændstórr ok frændmargr, vinsæll ok ríkr, earl E. made no attempt to fight Erling because …, 27; yrki (imperat.) á at Kyndilmessu, ok hafi öll átt at Miðfóstu, begin at Candlemass and have all done at Mid-Lent, Gþl. 106: en ef þá skill á, hverr þeir sem fyrr orti á, began, caused to dispute, 455; hann svaraði stirt ok strítt, þá er menn ortu orða á hann, when people spoke to him, Ó. H. 69; en ræðu konungs svöruðu menn er hann orti orða á whom he addressed, 178; hann var hljljóðr ok fáskiptinn en þó kátr við menn þá er orða ortu á hann, Fms. vi. 109; hann svaraði fám orðum þótt orða værri yrt á hann (þó at orða yrti á hann, v. l.), vii. 227; yrkti (sic) þá ok únáðaði kynsmenn Sem, harangued and vexed them, Stj. 65.IV. reflex. to take effect; þá tók at falla lið Erlings, ok þegar er á ortisk ok uppganga var greidd, viz. when the day was about decided, Ó. H. 183; hversu sem at [á?] ortisk, however it so went, Fas. ii. 482; þar er svá, er at ort, when that reserve is made, Grág. i. 494.2. recipr., síðan fylktu þeir liði sínn, ok ortusk á þegar, ok börðusk, attacked one another and came to blows, Hom. 112: þeir ortusk á vísur, exchanged, capped verses, Lv. 24; sættusk þeir at kalla ok var þó at engu haldit, ok ortusk þeir um siðan, they capped verses (satirical) about it, Sturl. i. 150. -
54 alloy
1) сплав || сплавлять2) легирующий элемент || легировать•- abrasion-resisting alloy
- acid-resistant alloy
- addition alloy
- age-hardening alloy
- aging alloy
- air-hardening alloy
- air-melted alloy
- alkali metal alloy
- alkaline earth alloy
- alkaline earth metal-aluminum alloy
- alkali-resistant alloy
- alkali-resisting alloy
- all-alpha alloy
- all-beta alloy
- alpha alloy
- alpha iron alloy
- alpha+beta alloy
- alpha-beta alloy
- alpha-phase alloy
- alpha-titanium alloy
- aluminum alloy of iron
- aluminum alloy
- aluminum casting alloy
- aluminum piston alloy
- aluminum-base alloy
- aluminum-bearing alloy
- aluminum-copper alloy
- aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-copper-magnesium-nickel alloy
- aluminum-copper-silicon alloy
- aluminum-copper-silicon-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy
- aluminum-manganese alloy
- aluminum-manganese-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-nickel-iron alloy
- aluminum-silicon alloy
- aluminum-zinc-silicon alloy
- anticorrosion alloy
- antifriction alloy
- as-cast alloy
- austenitic alloy
- barium-aluminum alloy
- bearing alloy
- beryllium alloy of iron
- beryllium-copper alloy
- beryllium-copper-aluminum alloy
- beta alloy
- beta-phase alloy
- beta-titanium alloy
- binary alloy
- bismuth alloy
- body-centered cubic alloy
- boron-bearing alloy
- brass brazing alloy
- brazing alloy
- cadmium alloy
- cadmium-nickel alloy
- cadmium-silver alloy
- carbide-strengthened alloy
- carbon-bearing alloy
- carbon-free alloy
- cast alloy
- castable alloy
- casting alloy
- chrome alloy
- chrome-base alloy
- chrome-bearing alloy
- chrome-nickel alloy
- chromium-nickel-tungsten alloy
- chromium-rich alloy
- chromium-tantalum alloy
- chromium-titanium alloy
- chromium-tungsten-zirconium alloy
- chromium-yttrium alloy
- close-packed alloy
- cobalt alloy
- cobalt-base alloy
- cobalt-bearing alloy
- cobalt-chromium alloy
- cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy
- cobalt-chromium-tungsten-molybdenum alloy
- coinage alloy
- columbium alloy
- columbium-base alloy
- columbium-molybdenum-titanium alloy
- column's alloys
- commercial alloy
- complex alloy
- constant-modulus alloy
- constructional alloy
- controlled-expansion alloy
- copper alloy
- copper-base alloy
- copper-bearing alloy
- copper-free alloy
- copper-gold alloy
- copper-lead alloy
- copper-silver alloy
- copper-tin alloy
- copper-zinc alloy
- corrosion-resistant alloy
- corrosion-resisting alloy
- creep-resistant alloy
- cupronickel alloy
- die-casting alloy
- difficult-to-extrude alloy
- dilute alloy
- disordered alloy
- dispersion-hardened alloy
- dispersion-strengthened alloy
- ductile alloy
- duplex alloy
- electrically conductive alloy
- electrically superconducting alloy
- electrical-resistance alloy
- electrical-resistant alloy
- embrittlement-resistant alloy
- eutectic alloy
- eutectoid alloy
- extra-hard alloy
- extrahigh tensile alloy
- face-centered cubic alloy
- ferrite alloy
- ferromagnetic alloy
- ferrous alloy
- fine-grained alloy
- forging alloy
- foundry alloy
- four-component alloy
- four-part alloy
- free-cutting alloy
- free-machining alloy
- fusible alloy
- G.-P. zone alloy
- gamma-iron alloy
- gamma-phase alloy
- gold-base alloy
- graphitized alloy
- Guthrie's alloy
- hard alloy
- hard magnetic alloy
- hard superconducting alloy
- hard-facing alloy
- heat-resistant alloy
- heat-resisting alloy
- heat-sensitive alloy
- heat-treatable alloy
- heat-treated alloy
- heavy alloy
- heterogeneous alloy
- Heusler alloy
- hexagonal alloy
- high alloy
- high-carbon alloy
- high-chrome alloy
- high-cobalt alloy
- high-coercivity alloy
- high-damping alloy
- high-density alloy
- high-ductile alloy
- high-expansion alloy
- high-initial-permeability alloy
- high-melting alloy
- high-melting point alloy
- high-melting-temperature alloy
- high-nickel alloy
- high-permeability alloy
- high-resistance alloy
- high-strength alloy
- high-temperature alloy
- high-tensile alloy
- high-yield alloy
- homogeneous alloy
- homogenized alloy
- hot-strength alloy
- hypereutectic alloy
- hypereutectoid alloy
- hypoeutectic alloy
- hypoeutectoid alloy
- ignition alloy
- industrial alloy
- intermediate-strength alloy
- intermetallic alloy
- internally oxidized alloy
- iron alloy
- iron-aluminum-nickel alloy
- iron-bearing alloy
- iron-carbon alloy
- iron-chrome alloy
- iron-chromium-aluminum alloy
- iron-chromium-nickel alloy
- iron-cobalt alloy
- iron-cobalt-molybdenum alloy
- iron-cobalt-nickel alloy
- iron-cobalt-tungsten alloy
- iron-manganese alloy
- iron-nickel alloy
- iron-nickel-aluminum alloy
- iron-nickel-chromium alloy
- iron-nickel-cobalt alloy
- jet alloy
- lead alloy
- lead-antimony alloy
- lead-antimony-tin alloy
- lead-base alloy
- lead-bearing alloy
- lead-bismuth alloy
- lead-calcium alloy
- lead-tin alloy
- lean alloy
- Lichtenberg's alloy
- light alloy
- low alloy
- low-carbon alloy
- low-chrome alloy
- low-density alloy
- low-ductile alloy
- low-expansion alloy
- low-melting alloy
- low-nickel alloy
- low-permeability alloy
- low-quality alloy
- low-resistance alloy
- low-strength alloy
- low-temperature alloy
- low-tensile alloy
- low-yield alloy
- magnesium alloy
- magnesium-aluminum alloy
- magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy
- magnesium-bearing alloy
- magnesium-manganese alloy
- magnesium-manganese-thorium alloy
- magnesium-thorium-zirconium alloy
- magnesium-zinc-zirconium alloy
- magnetic alloy
- magnetically hard alloy
- magnetically soft alloy
- master alloy
- medium alloy
- medium-carbon alloy
- medium-chrome alloy
- medium-nickel alloy
- medium-strength alloy
- memory alloy
- Mishima alloy
- molybdenum-titanium alloy
- multilayer brazing alloy
- multiphase alloy
- natural aging alloy
- nickel alloy
- nickel aluminide alloy
- nickel-base alloy
- nickel-based alloy
- nickel-cadmium alloy
- nickel-chrome-molybdenum alloy
- nickel-chromium alloy
- nickel-cobalt alloy
- nickel-copper alloy
- nickel-iron alloy
- nickel-molybdenum alloy
- nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy
- nickel-rich alloy
- nickel-silicon alloy
- noble metal alloy
- no-coolant alloy
- nonaging alloy
- noncorrosive alloy
- nonferrous metal alloy
- non-heat-treatable alloy
- nonmagnetic alloy
- nonordered alloy
- nonoxidizable alloy
- nonscaling alloy
- nonsparking alloy
- one-phase alloy
- ordered alloy
- oxidation-resistant alloy
- oxidation-resisting alloy
- palladium-silver alloy
- peritectic alloy
- peritectoid alloy
- permanent-magnet alloy
- phosphorous-copper alloy
- piston alloy
- plating alloy
- platinum alloy
- platinum-cobalt alloy
- platinum-metal alloy
- platinum-rhodium alloy
- plural-phase alloy
- polyphase alloy
- powder metallurgical alloy
- powder-brazing alloy
- precipitation hardening alloy
- preferred-orientation alloy
- preformed brazing alloy
- preliminary alloy
- process alloy
- pyrophoric alloy
- quasi-binary alloy
- quasi-eutectic alloy
- quasi-eutectoid alloy
- quaternary alloy
- quinary alloy
- random alloy
- random-orientation alloy
- rare-earth alloy
- rare-earth metal master alloy
- reduction alloy
- refractory alloy
- resistance alloy
- rich alloy
- Rose's alloy
- ruthenium-palladium alloy
- sand-cast alloy
- scale-resisting alloy
- self-fluxing brazing alloy
- semicommercial alloy
- semiconducting alloy
- shape memory alloy
- sheet alloy
- silicon alloy
- silicon-aluminum alloy
- silver brazing alloy
- single-phase alloy
- sintered alloy
- sintered hard alloy
- soft-magnetic alloy
- solder alloy
- solid solution alloy
- solution-treated alloy
- sparking alloy
- spelter-brazing alloy
- spring alloy
- stable alloy
- steam corrosion-resistant alloy
- steel alloy
- strain-hardened alloy
- structural alloy
- substitute alloy
- substitutional alloy
- superconducting alloy
- superconductive alloy
- superconductor alloy
- supercooled alloy
- superhard alloy
- superplastic alloy
- supersaturated alloy
- supersaturated substitutional alloy
- tailored alloy
- tantalum alloy of iron
- tantalum alloy
- tantalum-base alloy
- tantalum-tungsten alloy
- temperature compensation alloy
- ternary alloy
- thallium-lead alloy
- thermomagnetic alloy
- three-component alloy
- three-part alloy
- three-phase alloy
- tin-base alloy
- tin-bearing alloy
- titanium alloy
- titanium-aluminum-manganese alloy
- titanium-aluminum-molybdenum alloy
- titanium-aluminum-tin alloy
- titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy
- titanium-base alloy
- tough alloy
- transition alloy
- tungsten alloy
- two-component alloy
- two-phase alloy
- type-metal alloy
- unsaturated alloy
- untarnishable alloy
- vacuum alloy
- vacuum annealed alloy
- vacuum-arc-refining alloy
- vacuum-induction-melting alloy
- vacuum-remelted alloy
- virgin alloy
- wear-resistant alloy
- wear-resisting alloy
- welding alloy
- Wood's alloy
- work-hardening alloy
- wrought alloy
- zinc alloy
- zinc-aluminum alloy
- zinc-base alloy
- zinc-bearing alloy
- zinc-copper alloy
- zirconium alloy of ironEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > alloy
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55 Nash, John
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. c. 1752 (?) London, Englandd. 13 May 1835 Cowes, Isle of Wight[br]English architect and town planner.[br]Nash's name is synonymous with the great scheme carried out for his patron, the Prince Regent, in the early nineteenth century: the development of Marylebone Park from 1811 constituted a "garden city" for the wealthy in the centre of London. Although only a part of Nash's great scheme was actually achieved, an immense amount was carried out, comprising the Regent's Park and its surrounding terraces, the Regent's Street, including All Souls' Church, and the Regent's Palace in the Mall. Not least was Nash's exotic Royal Pavilion at Brighton.From the early years of the nineteenth century, Nash and a number of other architects took advantage of the use of structural materials developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution; these included wrought and cast iron and various cements. Nash utilized iron widely in the Regent Street Quadrant, Carlton House Terrace and at the Brighton Pavilion. In the first two of these his iron columns were masonry clad, but at Brighton he unashamedly constructed iron column supports, as in the Royal Kitchen, and his ground floor to first floor cast-iron staircase, in which he took advantage of the malleability of the material to create a "Chinese" bamboo design, was particularly notable. The great eighteenth-century terrace architecture of Bath and much of the later work in London was constructed in stone, but as nineteenth-century needs demanded that more buildings needed to be erected at lower cost and greater speed, brick was used more widely for construction; this was rendered with a cement that could be painted to imitate stone. Nash, in particular, employed this method at Regent's Park and used a stucco made from sand, brickdust, powdered limestone and lead oxide that was suited for exterior work.[br]Further ReadingTerence Davis, 1960, The Architecture of John Nash, Studio.——1966, John Nash: The Prince Regent's Architect, Country Life.Sir John Summerson, 1980, John Nash: Architect to King George IV, Allen \& Unwin.DY -
56 alloy
1) сплав || сплавлять2) вплавлять3) легирующий элемент || легировать•-
abrasion-resistant alloy
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acidproof alloy
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addition alloy
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aged alloy
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age-hardening alloy
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aging alloy
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air-hardening alloy
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alkali-resistant alloy
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alpha alloy
- alpha iron alloy -
aluminum alloy
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aluminum paste alloy
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aluminum-base alloy
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antifriction alloy
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artificial-interstitial alloy
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backing alloy
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beryllium-copper-aluminum alloy
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beta alloy
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binary alloy
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body-centered cubic alloy
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brass brazing alloy
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brazing metal alloy
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brazing alloy
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castable alloy
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cold-worked alloy
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columbium alloy
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commercial alloy
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copper alloy
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copper-base alloy
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copper-bearing alloy
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corrosion-resistant alloy
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creep-resistant alloy
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difficalt-to-extrude alloy
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directionally solidified alloy
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disordered alloy
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doped alloy
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EBM alloy
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EBR alloy
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electrical-resistance alloy
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electron-beam-melting alloy
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electron-beam-refining alloy
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electroslag refining alloy
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eutectic alloy
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eutectoid alloy
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face-centered cubic alloy
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fancy alloy
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fastener alloy
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fernico alloy
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ferromagnetic alloy
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foundry alloy
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four-component alloy
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free-cutting alloy
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gamma-phase alloy
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general-purpose alloy
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hard-magnetic alloy
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hard-superconducting alloy
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heat-resistant alloy
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heat-treatable alloy
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hexagonal close-packed alloy
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high alloy
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high-carbon alloy
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high-coercitivity alloy
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high-density alloy
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high-melting-temperature alloy
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high-permeability alloy
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high-resistance alloy
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high-strength alloy
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high-temperature alloy
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high-tensile alloy
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high-yield alloy
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homogenized alloy
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hypercutectic alloy
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hypereutectoid alloy
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hypoeutectic alloy
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hypoeutectoid alloy
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interstitial alloy
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iron-aluminum alloy
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iron-base alloy
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iron-bearing alloy
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iron-carbon alloy
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iron-chromium-cobalt alloy
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iron-cobalt alloy
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iron-manganese alloy
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iron-tin alloy
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iron-tungsten alloy
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lead alloy
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lead-antimony alloy
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lead-antimony-tin alloy
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light-metal alloy
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light alloy
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linotype alloy
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low alloy
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low-carbon alloy
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low-ductile alloy
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low-expansion alloy
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low-melting-point alloy
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low-permeability alloy
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low-temperature alloy
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low-tensile alloy
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low-yield alloy
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magnesium-base alloy
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magnesium-rare earth-zirconium alloy
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magnetic alloy
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magnetically hard alloy
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magnetically soft alloy
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magnetic-hardening alloy
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mushy alloy
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native alloy
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nickel-base alloy
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nickel-chromium alloy
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noble metal alloy
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noncorrosive alloy
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nonferrous metal alloy
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nonferrous alloy
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nonheat-treatable alloy
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nonrefractory alloy
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nonscaling alloy
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ordered alloy
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peritectic alloy
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permanent magnet alloy
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powder metallurgical alloy
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precipitation hardened alloy
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preferred-orientation alloy
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process alloy
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quinary alloy
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random alloy
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random-orientation alloy
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rare-earth alloy
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reduction alloy
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refractory alloy
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resistance alloy
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resistance-clement alloy
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resistor alloy
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row alloys
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self-lubricating alloy
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semiaustenitic alloy
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semiconducting alloy
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semiferritic alloy
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semihard magnetic alloy
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shape-metal alloy
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silver brazing alloy
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soft magnetic alloy
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solder alloy
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solid solution alloy
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solution-treated alloy
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stereotype alloy
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strain-hardened alloy
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substitutional alloy
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substitution alloy
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superconducting alloy
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tailored alloy
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tantalum-base alloy
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textured alloy
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thermocouple alloy
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thermomagnetic alloy
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tin-base alloy
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type-metal alloy
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type alloy
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vacuum melted alloy
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vacuum-arc-refining alloy
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vacuum-induction-melting alloy
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VAR alloy
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VIM alloy
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virgin alloy
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wear-resistant alloy
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whisker-reinforced alloy
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white alloy
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work-hardening alloy
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wrought alloy
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zinc-base alloy -
57 aluminum paste alloy
сплав на основе алюминиевой пасты (напр. идёт на изготовление элементов для солнечных батарей)- artificial-interstitial alloy - backing alloy - bearing alloy - beryllium-copper-aluminum alloy - body-centered cubic alloy - brass brazing alloy - brazing alloy - metal alloy - castable alloy - casting alloy - cold-worked alloy - columbium alloy - commercial alloy - copper alloy - copper-base alloy - copper-bearing alloy - corrosion-resistant alloy - creep-resistant alloy - difficalt-to-extrude alloy - directionally solidified alloy - disordered alloy - doped alloy - electron-beam-melting alloy - EBM alloy - electron-beam-refining alloy - EBF alloy - electrical-resistance alloy - electroslag refining alloy - ESR alloy - eutectic alloy - face-centered cubic alloy - fancy alloy - fastener alloy - fernico alloy - ferromagnetic alloy - foundry alloy - four-component alloy - free-cutting alloy - free-machining alloy - fusible alloy - gamma-phase alloy - general-purpose alloy - hard-facing alloy - hard-magnetic alloy - hard-superconducting alloy - heat-resisting alloy - heat-treatable alloy - heavy alloy - hexagonal close-packed alloy - high alloy - high-carbon alloy - high-coercitivity alloy - high-density alloy - high-melting-temperature alloy - high-permeability alloy - high-resistance alloy - high-strength alloy - high-temperature alloy - high-tensile alloy - high-yield alloy - homogenized alloy - hypercutectic alloy - hypoeutectoid alloy - interstitial alloy - iron-aluminum alloy - iron-base alloy - iron-bearing alloy - iron-carbon alloy - iron-chromium-cobalt alloy - iron-cobalt alloy - iron-manganese alloy - iron-tin alloy - iron-tungsten alloy - lead alloy - lead-antimony alloy - lead-antimony-tin alloy - light alloy - light alloy disk - light-metal alloy - low alloy - low-carbon alloy - low-ductile alloy - low-expansion alloy - low-melting-point alloy - low-permeability alloy - low-temperature alloy - low-tensile alloy - low-yield alloy - magnesium-base alloy - magnesium-rare earth-zirconium alloy - magnetic alloy - magnetically hard alloy - magnetically soft alloy - magnetic-hardening alloy - master alloy - mushy alloy - nickel-base alloy - nickel-chromium alloy - noncorrosive alloy - non-ferrous alloy - nonheat-treatable alloy - non-refractory alloy - nonscaling alloy - ordered alloy - peritectic alloy - permanent magnet alloy - powder metallurgical alloy - precipitation hardened alloy - preferred-orientation alloy - process alloy - quinary alloy - random alloy - random-orientation alloy - rare-earth alloy - reduction alloy - refractory alloy - resistance alloy - resistance-clement alloy - resistor alloy - row alloys - self-lubricating alloy - semiaustenitic alloy - semiconducting alloy - semiferritic alloy - semihard magnetic alloy - shape-metal alloy - silver brazing alloy - soft magnetic alloy - solder alloy - solid solution alloy - solution-treated alloy - stereotype alloy - strain-hardened alloy - substitution alloy - substitutional alloy - super alloy - superconducting alloy - tailored alloy - tantalum-base alloy - textured alloy - thermocouple alloy - thermomagnetic alloy - tin-base alloy - vacuum-arc-refining alloy - vacuum melted alloy - vacuum-induction-melting alloy - VAR alloy - VIM alloy - virgin alloy - wear-resistant alloy - whisker-reinforced alloy - white alloy - work-hardening alloy - wrought alloy - zinc-base alloyАнгло-русский словарь по машиностроению > aluminum paste alloy
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58 steel
сталь || стальной- abrasion-resistant steel
- acid Bessemer steel
- acid electric steel
- acid open-hearth steel
- acid steel
- acid-resisting steel
- age-hardenable steel
- ageing steel
- aircraft structural steel
- air-hardened steel
- air-hardening steel
- air-melted steel
- alkaliproof steel
- alkali-resistant steel
- alloy steel
- alloy tool steel
- alloyed steel
- alphatized steel
- aluminized steel
- aluminum grain-refined steel
- aluminum steel
- aluminum-coated steel
- aluminum-nickel steel
- aluminum-stabilized steel
- anchor steel
- angle steel
- annealed steel
- anticorrosion steel
- arc-furnace steel
- armco steel
- ausaging steel
- ausforming steel
- austenitic manganese steel
- austenitic Ni-Cr stainless steel
- austenitic stainless steel
- austenitic steel
- austenitic-carbidic steel
- austenitic-intermetallic steel
- automatic steel
- automobile steel
- axle steel
- bainitically heat-treated steel
- balanced steel
- ball bearing steel
- banding steel
- bandsaw steel
- bar steel
- basic Bessemer steel
- basic converter steel
- basic open-hearth steel
- basic oxygen steel
- bearing steel
- bearing-grade steel
- beaten steel
- beryllium steel
- Bessemer steel
- blanking steel
- blister steel
- blue steel
- boiler steel
- boron steel
- bottle-top steel
- bottom-run steel
- bright drawing steel
- bright steel
- bright-drawn steel
- bright-finished steel
- bronze steel
- bulb steel
- bulb-angle steel
- burned steel
- capped steel
- carbon nitrided steel
- carbon steel
- carbon tool steel
- carbonized steel
- carbon-martensite steel
- carbon-molybdenum steel
- carbon-vacuum deoxidized steel
- carburized steel
- carburizing steel
- case-hardened steel
- case-hardening steel
- cast steel
- cemented steel
- chain steel
- chilled steel
- chisel steel
- chrome steel
- chrome-manganese steel
- chrome-molybdenum steel
- chrome-nickel steel
- chrome-nickel-alloy steel
- chrome-nickel-molibdenum steel
- chrome-plated steel
- chrome-tungsten steel
- chrome-vanadium steel
- chromium steel
- chromium tool steel
- chromium-aluminum steel
- chromium-cobalt steel
- chromium-copper steel
- chromium-manganese steel
- chromium-molibdenum steel
- chromium-nickel steel
- chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel
- chromium-silicon steel
- chromium-tungsten steel
- chromium-tungsten-vanadium steel
- chromized steel
- clad steel
- cobalt steel
- cobalt-nickel steel
- coiled steel
- cold work steel
- cold-drawn steel
- cold-heading steel
- cold-rolled steel
- columbium-stabilized steel
- commercial forging steel
- commercial quality steel
- commercial steel
- common steel
- composite steel
- compound steel
- concrete-prestressing steel
- concrete-reinforcing steel
- constructional steel
- consumable electrode vacuum-melted steel
- controlled rimming steel
- converted steel
- converter steel
- copper steel
- copper-bearing steel
- copper-chromium steel
- copperclad steel
- copper-nickel steel
- copper-plated steel
- corrosion-resistant steel
- corrosion-resisting steel
- corrugated sheet steel
- CQ steel
- creep-resisting steel
- crucible steel
- crude steel
- cutlery-type stainless steel
- cyanided steel
- damascus steel
- damask steel
- DDQ steel
- dead-hard steel
- dead-melted steel
- dead-soft steel
- deep drawing quality steel
- deep drawing steel
- deep-hardening steel
- degasified steel
- deoxidized steel
- diamond tread steel
- die steel
- direct-process steel
- dirty steel
- dopped steel
- double-reduced steel
- double-refined steel
- double-shear steel
- drawn steel
- drill steel
- duplex steel
- dynamo sheet steel
- dynamo steel
- easily deformable steel
- EDD steel
- effervescent steel
- electric furnace steel
- electric steel
- electric tool steel
- electrical furnace steel
- emergency steel
- eutectoid steel
- exotic steel
- exposed quality steel
- extra deep drawing steel
- extrafine steel
- extrahard steel
- extrahigh tensile steel
- extrasoft steel
- face-hardened steel
- fagoted steel
- fashioned steel
- fast-finishing steel
- fast-machine steel
- faulty steel
- ferrite steel
- ferritic stainless steel
- ferritic steel
- fiery steel
- figured steel
- file steel
- fine steel
- fine-grained steel
- finished steel
- first quality steel
- flange steel
- flat steel
- flat-bulb steel
- flat-rolled steel
- forge steel
- forged steel
- forging die steel
- forging steel
- free-cutting steel
- free-machining steel
- fully deoxidized steel
- fully finished steel
- galvanized steel
- gear steel
- general purpose steel
- glass-hard steel
- grade steel
- graphitic steel
- graphitizable steel
- gun barrels steel
- gun steel
- Hadfield steel
- half-hard steel
- Halvan tool steel
- hammered steel
- hard cast steel
- hard steel
- hard-chrome steel
- hardened steel
- hard-grain steel
- heat-resistant steel
- heat-treated steel
- heavily alloyed steel
- heavy-fagoted steel
- heavy-melting steel
- hexagonal steel
- high-alloy steel
- high-carbon steel
- high-chromium steel
- high-cobalt steel
- high-creep strength steel
- high-ductility steel
- high-elastic limit steel
- higher-carbon steel
- high-grade steel
- high-hardenability core steel
- high-hardenability steel
- high-manganese steel
- high-nickel steel
- high-permeability steel
- high-quality steel
- high-resistance steel
- high-speed steel
- high-strength low alloy steel
- high-strength steel
- high-sulphur steel
- high-temperature steel
- high-tensile steel
- hollow drill steel
- hot die steel
- hot-brittle steel
- hot-rolled steel
- hot-work steel
- hot-working die steel
- hot-working steel
- HSLA steel
- H-steel
- hypereutectoid steel
- hyperpearlitic steel
- hypoeutectoid steel
- hypopearlitic steel
- Indian steel
- induction furnace steel
- induction vacuum melted steel
- ingot steel
- intermediate-alloy steel
- iron-chromium stainless steel
- irreversible steel
- killed steel
- knife steel
- knife-blade steel
- lead-coated steel
- leaded steel
- lean alloy steel
- ledeburitic steel
- light gage steel
- liquid-compressed steel
- loman steel
- low earing steel
- low-alloy steel
- low-alloyed steel
- low-carbon steel
- low-ductility steel
- low-expansion steel
- low-hardenability steel
- low-hardening steel
- low-manganese steel
- low-nickel steel
- low-phosphorus steel
- low-texture steel
- machine-tool steel
- magnet steel
- mandrel steel
- manganese steel
- manganese-killed steel
- manganese-silicon steel
- maraging steel
- martempering steel
- martensitic steel
- mechanically capped steel
- medium alloy steel
- medium-carbon steel
- medium-hard steel
- medium-strength steel
- medium-temper steel
- merchant steel
- mild steel
- milling steel
- mixed steel
- molybdenum steel
- needled steel
- nickel steel
- nickel-chrome steel
- nickel-chrome-molybdenum steel
- nickel-chromium steel
- nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel
- nickel-clad steel
- nickel-molybdenum steel
- nitrided steel
- nonaging steel
- noncorrosive steel
- nondeforming steel
- nonhardening steel
- nonmagnetic steel
- nonpiping steel
- nonrustic steel
- nonshrinking steel
- nonstrain-aging steel
- normal steel
- octagon steel
- oil-hardening steel
- open-hearth steel
- open-poured steel
- ordinary steel
- oriented steel
- overblown steel
- overheated steel
- over-reduced steel
- oxidation-resisting steel
- paragon steel
- pearlitic steel
- perished steel
- permanent-magnet steel
- PH steel
- piled steel
- pipe steel
- piped steel
- plain carbon steel
- plain steel
- planished sheet steel
- planished steel
- plate steel
- plow steel
- pneumatic steel
- polished sheet steel
- polished steel
- pot steel
- powder metallurgical compacted steel
- powdered metal high-speed steel
- precipitation-hardening steel
- precision steel
- pressure vessel steel
- primary steel
- puddle steel
- puddled steel
- punching steel
- purified steel
- PV steel
- QT steel
- quality steel
- quenched-and-tempered steel
- quick-cutting steel
- quick-speed steel
- rail steel
- railway structural steel
- rapid machining steel
- rapid steel
- raw steel
- red-hard steel
- refined steel
- refining steel
- refractory steel
- reinforcing steel
- rephosphorized steel
- resilient steel
- resulphurized steel
- rimmed steel
- rimming steel
- rising steel
- rivet steel
- rolled section steel
- rolled steel
- roller-bearing steel
- rose steel
- round steel
- rustless steel
- rust-resisting steel
- saw steel
- scrap steel
- screw steel
- secondary steel
- section steel
- selenium steel
- self-hardening steel
- semideoxidized steel
- semifinished steel
- semikilled steel
- shallow-hardening steel
- shape steel
- shear steel
- shearing steel
- sheet steel
- shock-resisting steel
- Siemens-Martin steel
- silchrome steel
- silicon steel
- silicon-killed steel
- silicon-manganese steel
- silver steel
- simple steel
- skelp steel
- slowly cooled steel
- soft steel
- special steel
- special treatment steel
- spheroidized steel
- spotty steel
- spring steel
- stabilized steel
- stainless clad steel
- stainless steel
- standard steel
- stock steel
- strain-aged steel
- stress-relieved annealed steel
- strip steel
- strong steel
- structural steel
- super-corrosion-resistant stainless steel
- superduty steel
- surface-hardening steel
- surgical steel
- tap steel
- tapped-on-carbon steel
- T-bulb steel
- tee-bulb steel
- tempered steel
- tensile strength steel
- ternary steel
- thermostrengthened steel
- Thomas steel
- through-hardening steel
- titanium steel
- titanium-stabilized steel
- tool steel
- Tor steel
- transformation induced plasticity steel
- transformer steel
- treated steel
- TRIP steel
- tube steel
- tungsten steel
- turbohearth steel
- two-ply steel
- tyre steel
- ultrastrong steel
- unkilled steel
- unsound steel
- vacuum carbon deoxidized steel
- vacuum degased steel
- vacuum-cast steel
- vacuum-induction melted steel
- vacuum-remelted steel
- valve steel
- vanadium steel
- water-hardening steel
- wear-resisting alloy steel
- weathering steel
- weld steel
- weldable steel
- welding steel
- wild steel
- wire rope steel
- Wootz steel
- wrought steelEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > steel
См. также в других словарях:
wrought iron — wrought iron, adj. a form of iron, almost entirely free of carbon and having a fibrous structure including a uniformly distributed slag content, that is readily forged and welded. [1670 80] * * * One of the two forms in which iron is obtained by… … Universalium
Wrought iron — is commercially pure iron. In contrast to steel, it has a very low carbon content. It is a fibrous material due to the slag inclusions (a normal constituent). This is also what gives it a grain resembling wood, which is visible when it is etched… … Wikipedia
Iron ore — Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in colour from dark grey, bright yellow, deep purple, to rusty red. The iron itself is usually found in the … Wikipedia
wrought — is an old past form and past participle of the verb work, surviving only in the term wrought iron, in the occasional variant wrought up (= worked up, i.e. agitated, nervous), and as a form of the expression work havoc (see wreak) … Modern English usage
Iron — I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Iron age — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Iron cement — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Iron clay — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Iron cross — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Iron crown — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Iron flint — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English