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wrong+number+call

  • 101 know

    know [nəʊ]
    connaître ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (g) savoir ⇒ 1 (c), 2 reconnaître ⇒ 1 (e) distinguer ⇒ 1 (f) discerner ⇒ 1 (f) considérer ⇒ 1 (i)
    (pt knew [nju:], pp known [nəʊn])
    (a) (person) connaître;
    ∎ to know sb by sight/by reputation connaître qn de vue/de réputation;
    ∎ we've known each other for years ça fait des années que nous nous connaissons;
    ∎ I don't know him to speak to je ne le connais pas assez pour lui parler;
    ∎ I know him to say hello to nous nous saluons;
    ∎ when I first knew her quand j'ai fait sa connaissance;
    ∎ knowing him, he'll still be in bed tel que je le connais, il sera encore au lit;
    ∎ you'll like her once you get to know her better elle vous plaira une fois que vous la connaîtrez mieux;
    ∎ I'd like to get to know him better j'aimerais bien le connaître mieux
    (b) (place) connaître;
    ∎ I know Budapest well je connais bien Budapest
    (c) (fact, information)
    ∎ do you know her phone number? vous connaissez son numéro de téléphone?;
    ∎ it'll be easier once you get to know the system ce sera plus facile une fois que tu te seras familiarisé avec le système;
    ∎ civilization as we know it la civilisation telle que nous la connaissons;
    ∎ how was I to know she wouldn't come? comment aurais-je pu savoir ou deviner qu'elle ne viendrait pas?;
    ∎ I know for a fact that he's lying je sais pertinemment qu'il ment;
    ∎ she is known to be a keen photographer on sait qu'elle aime beaucoup la photographie;
    ∎ he let it be known that he was available il a fait savoir qu'il était disponible;
    ∎ I don't know that it's the best solution je ne suis pas certain ou sûr que ce soit la meilleure solution;
    ∎ you don't know or you'll never know how glad I am that it's over tu ne peux pas savoir combien ou à quel point je suis content que ce soit terminé;
    ∎ she thinks she knows all the answers elle croit tout savoir;
    ∎ she didn't quite know what to say elle ne savait trop que dire;
    ∎ I know what I'm talking about je sais de quoi je parle;
    ∎ I'll let you know how it turns out je te dirai comment ça s'est passé;
    ∎ any problems, let me know au moindre problème, n'hésitez pas;
    ∎ do you know anything about him that could help us? est-ce que vous savez quelque chose à son sujet qui pourrait nous aider?;
    ∎ do you know anything about physics? est-ce que tu connais quelque chose en physique?;
    ∎ she knows a lot about politics elle s'y connaît en politique;
    ∎ she doesn't know what fear is elle ne sait pas ce que c'est que d'avoir peur;
    ∎ there's no knowing how he'll react on ne peut pas savoir comment il réagira;
    ∎ familiar she knows a thing or two about business elle s'y connaît en affaires□ ;
    ∎ she knows her own mind elle sait ce qu'elle veut;
    ∎ familiar it's not an easy job - don't I know it! ce n'est pas un travail facile - à qui le dis-tu!;
    ∎ familiar wouldn't you know it! comme par hasard!;
    ∎ you know what I mean tu vois ce que je veux dire;
    ∎ familiar he was just sort of lying there, know what I mean? il était allongé là, tu vois;
    ∎ familiar well, what do you know! ça alors!, ça par exemple!;
    ∎ what do YOU know? qu'est-ce que tu en sais?;
    ∎ very familiar you know what you can do with it! tu sais où tu peux te le mettre!;
    ∎ familiar God or Heaven knows why! Dieu sait pourquoi!
    (d) (language, skill)
    ∎ he knows French il comprend le français;
    ∎ I know a few words of Welsh je connais quelques mots de gallois;
    ∎ she really knows her job/subject elle connaît son boulot/sujet;
    ∎ to know how to do sth savoir faire qch;
    ∎ does he know how to cook? sait-il cuisiner?;
    ∎ they knew how to make cars in those days! en ce temps-là, les voitures, c'était du solide!
    (e) (recognize) reconnaître;
    ∎ I knew her the moment I saw her je l'ai reconnue dès que je l'ai vue;
    ∎ I'd know him anywhere je le reconnaîtrais n'importe où;
    ∎ I knew her by her walk je l'ai reconnue à son allure ou à sa démarche;
    ∎ the town centre has changed so much you wouldn't know it le centre-ville a tellement changé que vous auriez du mal à le reconnaître;
    ∎ she knows a bargain when she sees one elle sait reconnaître une bonne affaire;
    ∎ he wouldn't know a good novel if it hit him il est tout à fait incapable de reconnaître un bon roman
    (f) (distinguish) distinguer, discerner;
    ∎ she doesn't know right from wrong elle ne sait pas discerner le bien du mal ou faire la différence entre le bien et le mal;
    ∎ familiar he doesn't know one end of a car from another il n'y connaît absolument rien en voitures□
    (g) (experience) connaître;
    ∎ I've known poverty/failure j'ai connu la pauvreté/l'échec;
    ∎ I've never known anything like it je n'ai jamais rien vu de semblable;
    ∎ I have never known him tell a lie à ce que je sache, il n'a jamais menti;
    ∎ I've never known him (to) be this late je ne l'ai jamais vu être aussi en retard;
    ∎ it has been known (to happen) c'est une chose qu'on a vue se produire, ça s'est vu;
    ∎ such coincidences have been known de telles coïncidences se sont déjà vues
    (h) (nickname, call)
    ∎ Ian White, known as "Chalky" Ian White, connu sous le nom de "Chalky";
    ∎ they're known as June bugs in America on les appelle des "June bugs" en Amérique
    (i) (regard) considérer;
    ∎ she's known as one of our finest singers elle est considérée comme l'une de nos meilleures chanteuses
    savoir;
    ∎ who knows? qui sait?;
    ∎ familiar I wouldn't know je ne saurais dire□ ;
    ∎ I don't want to know je ne veux pas le savoir;
    ∎ when I mentioned that he just didn't want to know quand j'ai mentionné ça, il n'a rien voulu savoir;
    ∎ you never know on ne sait jamais;
    ∎ he might or should have known better ce n'était pas très sage de sa part;
    ∎ he's old enough to know better à son âge, il devrait être plus raisonnable;
    ∎ you can't blame him, he doesn't know any better on ne peut pas lui en vouloir, il ne se rend pas compte;
    ∎ he always thinks he knows best il croit toujours avoir raison;
    ∎ Mother knows best maman sait de quoi elle parle;
    ∎ to know about sth être au courant de qch;
    ∎ I've known about it for a week je le sais ou je suis au courant depuis une semaine;
    ∎ do you know about the new arrangements? est-ce que vous êtes au courant ou avez-vous entendu parler des nouvelles dispositions?;
    ∎ he knows about cars il s'y connaît en voitures;
    ∎ I don't know about that (I'm not certain) je n'en suis pas sûr;
    ∎ I don't know about you, but I'm exhausted toi, je ne sais pas, mais moi, je suis épuisé;
    ∎ to know of sb/sth avoir entendu parler de qn/qch;
    ∎ do you know her? - well, I know of her est-ce que tu la connais? - non, mais j'ai entendu parler d'elle;
    ∎ do you know of a good bookshop? vous connaissez une bonne librairie?;
    ∎ not that I know (of) pas que je sache;
    ∎ have they got much money? - not that I know of ont-ils beaucoup d'argent? - pas que je sache;
    ∎ it's just so difficult - oh, I know c'est tellement difficile - oh, je sais;
    ∎ it's difficult, I know, but not impossible c'est difficile, je sais, mais pas impossible;
    ∎ what's his name? - I don't know comment s'appelle-t-il? - je ne sais pas;
    ∎ are you going to accept? - I don't know tu vas accepter? - je ne sais pas
    3 noun
    ∎ to be in the know être au courant□
    (pour) autant que je sache;
    ∎ not as far as I know pas que je sache;
    ∎ as far as I know, he lives in London autant que je sache, il vit à Londres
    ∎ I was right, you know j'avais raison, tu sais
    ∎ he was just, you know, a bit boring il était juste un peu ennuyeux, si tu vois ce que je veux dire
    ∎ it was that blonde woman, you know, the one with the dog c'était la femme blonde, tu sais, celle avec le chien
    ∎ you know, sometimes I wonder why I do this tu sais, parfois je me demande pourquoi je fais ça
    ✾ Book 'What Maisie knew' James 'Ce que savait Maisie'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > know

  • 102 mark

    mark [mɑ:k]
    marque ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (d)-(f), 1 (h) niveau ⇒ 1 (b) modèle ⇒ 1 (c) trace ⇒ 1 (f) note ⇒ 1 (g) empreinte ⇒ 1 (h) but ⇒ 1 (j) cible ⇒ 1 (j) mark ⇒ 1 (m) marquer ⇒ 2 (a)-(c), 2 (e)-(g), 2 (j) tacher ⇒ 2 (b) tacheter ⇒ 2 (d) célébrer ⇒ 2 (f) corriger ⇒ 2 (h)
    1 noun
    (a) (symbol, sign) marque f, signe m;
    ∎ to make a mark on sth faire une marque sur qch, marquer qch
    (b) (on scale, in number, level) marque f, niveau m;
    ∎ sales topped the 5 million mark les ventes ont dépassé la barre des 5 millions;
    ∎ to reach the half-way mark arriver à mi-course;
    ∎ don't go beyond the 50-metre mark ne dépassez pas les 50 mètres;
    ∎ British Cookery gas mark 6 thermostat 6
    ∎ mark 3 modèle m ou série f 3
    (d) (feature) marque f;
    ∎ the town bears the mark of Greek classicism la ville porte la marque du classicisme grec
    (e) (token) marque f, signe m;
    ∎ a mark of affection une marque d'affection;
    ∎ as a mark of my esteem/friendship en témoignage de mon estime/de mon amitié;
    ∎ as a mark of respect en signe de respect
    (f) (trace, stain, blemish) trace f, marque f; (wound) trace f de coups;
    ∎ to leave marks in the snow (of car) laisser des traces dans la neige;
    ∎ there are finger marks on the mirror il y a des traces ou des marques de doigts sur la glace;
    ∎ there are muddy marks on the carpet il y a des traces de boue sur la moquette;
    ∎ the years she spent in prison have left their mark (on her) ses années en prison l'ont marquée;
    ∎ the cup has left a mark on the table la tasse a laissé une marque sur la table;
    ∎ there wasn't a mark on the body le corps ne portait aucune trace de coups
    (g) School (grade) note f; (point) point m;
    ∎ to give sb/sth marks out of ten/twenty noter qn/qch sur dix/vingt;
    ∎ the mark is out of 100 la note est sur 100;
    ∎ to get good marks avoir de bonnes notes;
    ∎ to get full marks obtenir la meilleure note (possible);
    ∎ you need ten more marks il vous faut encore dix points;
    ∎ figurative it will be a black mark against his name ça va jouer contre lui, ça ne va pas jouer en sa faveur;
    ∎ she deserves full marks for imagination il faut saluer son imagination;
    ∎ no marks for guessing the answer! il ne faut pas être sorcier pour deviner la réponse!
    (h) (impact) empreinte f, impression f; (distinction) marque f;
    ∎ to make one's mark s'imposer, se faire un nom;
    ∎ she made her mark as a singer elle s'est imposée ou elle s'est fait un nom dans la chanson;
    ∎ they left their mark on 20th-century history ils ont profondément marqué l'histoire du XXème siècle;
    ∎ British to be of little mark avoir peu d'importance
    ∎ to be up to the mark (be capable) être à la hauteur; (meet expectations) être satisfaisant;
    ∎ I'm afraid the work just isn't up to the mark malheureusement le travail laisse à désirer;
    ∎ I still don't feel quite up to the mark je ne suis pas encore en pleine forme
    (j) British (target) but m, cible f;
    ∎ to hit the mark atteindre la cible; figurative faire mouche;
    ∎ to miss the mark rater la cible; figurative mettre à côté de la plaque;
    ∎ your answer was nearest the mark c'est vous qui avez donné la meilleure réponse
    ∎ on your marks, (get) set, go! à vos marques, prêts, partez!;
    ∎ British figurative she's quick/slow off the mark (clever) elle est/n'est pas très maligne, elle a/n'a pas l'esprit très vif; (in reactions) elle est/n'est pas très rapide;
    ∎ you have to be quick off the mark il faut réagir tout de suite ou immédiatement;
    ∎ he's sometimes a bit too quick off the mark in his criticism il lui arrive d'avoir la critique un peu trop facile;
    ∎ you were too slow off the mark tu as mis trop de temps
    (l) Sport (in rugby) arrêt m de volée;
    ∎ to call for the mark crier "marque" (en faisant un arrêt de volée)
    (m) (currency) mark m, Deutschmark m
    (a) (label) marquer;
    ∎ the towels were marked with his name les serviettes étaient à son nom, son nom était marqué sur les serviettes;
    ∎ mark the text with your initials inscrivez vos initiales sur le texte;
    ∎ shall I mark her absent? est-ce que je la marque absente?;
    ∎ the table was marked "sold" la table portait l'étiquette "vendue"
    (b) (stain) tacher, marquer;
    ∎ the red wine marked the carpet le vin rouge a taché la moquette
    (c) (face, hands) marquer;
    ∎ his face was marked by suffering son visage était marqué par la souffrance;
    ∎ the scandal marked him for life (mentally) le scandale l'a marqué pour la vie
    (d) Zoology tacheter;
    ∎ brown wings marked with blue des ailes fpl brunes tachetées de bleu
    (e) (indicate) indiquer, marquer;
    ∎ the stream marks the boundary of the estate le ruisseau marque la limite de la propriété;
    ∎ X marks the spot l'endroit est marqué d'un X;
    ∎ this decision marks a change in policy cette décision marque un changement de politique;
    ∎ today marks a turning point in our lives aujourd'hui marque un tournant dans notre vie
    (f) (celebrate → anniversary, event) célébrer, marquer;
    ∎ let's have some champagne to mark the occasion ouvrons une bouteille de champagne pour fêter l'événement
    (g) (distinguish) marquer;
    ∎ he has all the qualities that mark a good golfer il possède toutes les qualités d'un bon golfeur;
    ∎ the period was marked by religious persecution cette époque fut marquée par des persécutions religieuses
    (h) School (essay, homework) corriger; (student) noter;
    ∎ the exam was marked out of 100 l'examen a été noté sur 100;
    ∎ to mark sth wrong/right marquer qch comme étant faux/juste
    ∎ (you) mark my words! souvenez-vous de ce que je vous dis!;
    ∎ British mark how he does it observez bien la façon dont il s'y prend;
    ∎ British mark you, I didn't believe him remarquez, je ne l'ai pas cru
    (j) Sport (opponent) marquer;
    ∎ he marked him out of the game il l'a si bien marqué qu'il n'a rien pu faire
    ∎ to mark time Military marquer le pas; figurative attendre son heure ou le moment propice;
    ∎ the government is just marking time until the elections le gouvernement fait traîner les choses en attendant les élections
    (garment) être salissant, se tacher facilement;
    ∎ this material marks easily ce tissu est salissant
    (a) (write) noter, prendre note de, inscrire;
    ∎ mark the address down in your diary notez l'adresse dans votre agenda
    (b) (reduce → price) baisser; (→ article) baisser le prix de, démarquer;
    ∎ everything has been marked down to half price tout a été réduit à moitié prix;
    ∎ Stock Exchange prices were marked down in early trading les valeurs étaient en baisse ou ont reculé en début de séance
    (c) School (essay, student) baisser la note de;
    ∎ he was marked down for bad grammar il a perdu des points à cause de la grammaire
    (d) (single out) désigner;
    ∎ my brother was marked down for the managership mon frère a été désigné pour le poste de directeur;
    ∎ I marked him down as a troublemaker j'avais remarqué qu'il n'était bon qu'à créer des ennuis
    (a) (divide, isolate → area, period of time) délimiter;
    ∎ one corner of the field had been marked off by a fence un coin du champ avait été isolé par une barrière
    (b) (measure → distance) mesurer;
    ∎ the route was marked off in 1 km sections le trajet était divisé en tronçons d'un kilomètre
    (c) British (distinguish) distinguer;
    ∎ his intelligence marked him off from his school friends il se distinguait de ses camarades d'école par son intelligence
    (d) (on list) cocher
    (a) (with chalk, paint → court, pitch) tracer les lignes de; (with stakes) jalonner; (with lights, flags) baliser;
    ∎ figurative his path in life is clearly marked out son avenir est tout tracé
    (b) (designate) désigner;
    ∎ Steven was marked out for promotion Steven était désigné pour obtenir une promotion;
    ∎ they were marked out for special treatment ils ont bénéficié d'un régime particulier
    (c) British (distinguish) distinguer;
    ∎ her ambition marks her out from her colleagues son ambition la distingue de ses collègues
    (a) (on notice) marquer;
    ∎ the menu is marked up on the blackboard le menu est sur le tableau
    (b) (increase → price) augmenter, majorer; (→ goods) augmenter le prix de, majorer;
    ∎ Stock Exchange prices at last began to be marked up les cours sont enfin à la hausse
    (c) (proofs, manuscript → correct) corriger; (→ annotate) annoter
    ✾ Film 'The Mark of Zorro' Niblo 'Le Signe de Zorro'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > mark

  • 103 καί

    καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.
    ① marker of connections, and
    ⓐ single words
    α. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).
    β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.
    γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.
    δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.2 χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).
    ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.
    ⓑ clauses and sentences
    α. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).
    β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.2 p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.
    γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.
    δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.
    ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.
    ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).
    η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.
    θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).
    ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.
    ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.
    ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.
    ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.
    ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.
    ② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.
    ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).
    ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.
    ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).
    ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.
    ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.
    ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.
    ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.
    α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.
    β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).
    ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.
    ⓘ with other particles
    α. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.
    β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.2 35–37.
    γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).
    δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT.

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