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1 World War II
(1939-1945)In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). -
2 First World Communications
NASDAQ: FWISУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > First World Communications
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3 First World Congress of Nonlinear Analysts
Abbreviation: WCNA-92Универсальный русско-английский словарь > First World Congress of Nonlinear Analysts
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4 World's First Broadcasting Regiment
Mass media: WFBRУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > World's First Broadcasting Regiment
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5 IWETEL (Information World en Español)
Ex. Information World en Espanol (IWETEL), the first electronic forum for information professionals in Spain, was launched in Nov 93.Spanish-English dictionary > IWETEL (Information World en Español)
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6 Not an acronym. Ada is the DoD standard programming language named after Lord Byron's daughter, the Countess of Lovelace, considered to be the world's first computer programmer.
Abbreviation: AdaУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Not an acronym. Ada is the DoD standard programming language named after Lord Byron's daughter, the Countess of Lovelace, considered to be the world's first computer programmer.
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7 premier
premier, -ière1 [pʀəmje, jεʀ]1. adjective• arriver/être premier to arrive/be firstc. ( = de base) [échelon, grade] bottom ; [ébauche, projet] first• quel est votre premier prix pour ce type de voyage ? what do your prices start at for this kind of trip?d. ( = originel, fondamental) [cause, donnée, principe] basic ; [objectif] primary ; [état] initial, original2. masculine noun, feminine nouna. (dans le temps, l'espace) first• parler/passer/sortir le premier to speak/go/go out first• elle fut l'une des premières à... she was one of the first to...b. (dans une hiérarchie, un ordre) il a été reçu dans les premiers he was in the top fewc. (dans une série, une comparaison) Pierre et Paul sont cousins, le premier est médecin Peter and Paul are cousins, the former is a doctor3. masculine nouna. first• c'est leur premier ( = enfant) it's their first child• mon premier est... (charade) my first is in...► en premier [arriver, parler] first• pour lui, la famille vient toujours en premier his family always comes first4. compounds* * *
1.
- ière pʀəmje, ɛʀ adjectif1) ( dans le temps) first2) ( dans l'espace) first3) ( dans une série) first‘livre premier’ — ‘book one’
Napoléon Ier — Napoleon I, Napoleon the First
4) ( dans une hiérarchie) [artiste, écrivain, puissance] leading; [élève, étudiant] topêtre premier — [élève, étudiant] to be top; [coureur] to be first
nos premiers prix or tarifs — ( pour voyages) our cheapest holidays GB ou package tours US; ( pour billets) our cheapest tickets
5) ( originel) [impression] first, initial; [éclat] initial; [aspect] original6) ( essentiel) [qualité] prime; [objectif, conséquence] primary7) Philosophie [terme, notion, donnée] fundamental; [vérité, principe] first
2.
nom masculin, féminin1) ( dans le temps) first2) ( dans une énumération) firstle premier de mes fils — ( sur deux fils) my elder son; ( sur plus de deux fils) my eldest son
3) ( dans un classement)arriver le premier — [coureur] to come first
être le premier de la classe — [élève] to be top of the class
3.
nom masculin1) ( dans un bâtiment) first floor GB, second floor US2) ( jour du mois) first3) ( arrondissement) first arrondissement
4.
en premier locution adverbiale
5.
de première (colloq) locution adjective first-ratec'est de première — it's first-class ou first-rate
Phrasal Verbs:* * *pʀəmje, jɛʀ (-ière)1. adj1) (dans le temps) firstC'est notre premier jour de vacances depuis Noël. — It's our first day off since Christmas.
C'est la première fois que je viens ici. — It's the first time I've been here.
du premier coup — at the first attempt, at the first go
Il est arrivé premier. — He came first., He was the first to arrive.
2) (du bas) (branche, marche, grade) lowest, bottomau premier étage — on the first floor Grande-Bretagne on the second floor USA
3) (en importance) firstde premier ordre — first-class, first-rate
de première qualité; de premier choix — best quality, top quality
4) (= fondamental) basic5)le Premier ministre — the Prime Minister, the Premier, the Premier of Queensland, the Queensland Premier
2. nm1) (= premier étage) first floor Grande-Bretagne second floor USA2) (= personne)3) (= jour)4)3. nf1) (= personne)2) AUTOMOBILES (= vitesse) first, first gear3) CHEMINS DE FER, AVIATION (= classe) first class4) ÉDUCATION (= classe) Year 12sixth year of secondary school (age 16-17)5) [spectacle] THÉÂTRE first night, CINÉMA première6) (chose faite pour la première fois) first* * *A adj1 ( qui commence une série) [habitant, emploi, automobile, symptôme] first; Adam fut le premier homme Adam was the first man; c'est la première fois que je viens ici this is the first time I've been here; la première et la dernière fois the first and last time; les premiers temps de the initial period of; (dans) les premiers temps tout allait bien at first things went well;2 ( qui précède dans l'espace) [porte, rue, visage, carrefour] first; les trois premières rues the first three streets; les premières marches (de l'escalier) the first few steps;3 ( dans une série) [numéro, chapitre, mot, candidat] first; première personne du singulier/du pluriel first person singular/plural; le premier janvier/juin the first of January/of June; article premier du code pénal first article of the penal code; ‘livre premier’ ‘book one’; Napoléon Ier Napoleon I ou the First; Elisabeth Ire Elizabeth I ou the First;4 ( par sa supériorité) [artiste, écrivain, producteur, puissance] leading; [élève, étudiant] top; le premier producteur mondial de vin the world's leading wine producer; être premier [élève, étudiant] to be top; [coureur] to be first; il est premier en physique he's top in physics; terminer or arriver premier [coureur] to come first; une affaire de première importance/urgence a matter of the utmost importance/urgency; article de première nécessité an absolutely essential item;5 ( par son infériorité) [billet, ticket, place] cheapest; nos premiers prix or tarifs ( pour voyages) our cheapest holidays GB ou package tours US; ( pour billets) our cheapest tickets;6 ( originel) [impression] first, initial; [vivacité, éclat] initial; [aspect] original; recouvrer sa santé première to recover one's health;B nm,f1 ( qui se présente d'abord) first; vous êtes le premier à me le dire you are the first to tell me; il est toujours le premier à se plaindre he's always the first to complain; sortir le premier to go out first; arriver le premier, arriver les premiers to arrive first; les premiers arrivés seront les premiers servis first come, first served;2 ( dans une énumération) first; je préfère le premier I prefer the first one; le premier de mes fils ( sur deux fils) my elder son; ( sur plus de deux fils) my eldest son;3 ( dans un classement) arriver le premier [coureur] to come first; être le premier de la classe [élève] to be top of the class; il est le premier en latin he's top in Latin.C nm1 ( dans un bâtiment) first floor GB, second floor US; monter/descendre au premier to go up/to go down to the first GB ou second US floor; habiter au premier to live on the first GB ou second US floor;2 ( jour du mois) first; être payé tous les premiers du mois to be paid on the first of every month; le premier de l'an New Year's Day;3 ( arrondissement) first arrondissement; habiter dans le premier to live in the first arrondissement;4 ( dans une charade) first; mon premier est my first is.D en premier loc adv faire qch en premier to do sth first; faire passer son travail en premier to put one's work first; recourir à l'arme nucléaire en premier to resort to nuclear weapons in the first instance; citons en premier le livre de notre collègue first of all there's our colleague's book; il faut en premier baisser l'impôt sur les bénéfices first of all it is necessary to reduce taxes on profits.E première nf1 (événement important, exploit) first; première mondiale world first;4 Aut first (gear); être en première to be in first (gear); passer la première to go into first (gear); rouler en première to drive in first (gear);5 ○ Rail, Aviat first class; voyager en première to travel first class; un billet de première a first-class ticket;6 ( couturière dirigeant un atelier) head seamstress;7 ( en alpinisme) first ascent; premier solitaire first solo-ascent;8 ( dans une chaussure) insole.premier âge [produits, vêtements] for babies up to six months ( après n); premier clerc chief clerk; premier communiant boy making his first communion; premier de cordée leader; premier danseur leading dancer; premier jet first ou rough draft; premier maître intermediate rank between chief petty officer and fleet chief petty officer GB, ≈ master chief petty officer US; premier ministre prime minister; premier secrétaire (d'un parti, organisme) first secretary; premier venu just anybody; elle s'est jetée dans les bras du premier venu she threw herself into the arms of the first man to come along; premier violon Mus first violin, leader; première classe Mil ≈ private; première communiante Relig girl making her first communion; première communion Relig first communion; première épreuve Imprim first proof; première nouvelle! that's the first I've heard about it; premiers secours first aid ¢.ⓘ Premier ministre The chief minister of the government, appointed by the Président de la République and responsible for the overall management of government affairs.1. (souvent avant le nom) [initial] earlyles premiers temps at the beginning, early on2. [proche] neareston s'est arrêtés dans le premier hôtel venu we stopped at the first hotel we came to ou happened to come to4. [dans une série] firstà la première heure first thing, at first lightdans un premier temps (at) first, to start with, to begin withil a fait ses premières armes à la "Gazette du Nord" he cut his teeth at the "Gazette du Nord"j'ai fait mes premières armes dans le métier comme apprenti cuisinier I started in the trade as a cook's apprenticepremier jet (first) ou rough ou initial drafta. [personnes et matériel] emergency servicesb. [soins] first aida. [généralement] first partb. [au spectacle] opening act5. [principal] mainde (toute) première nécessité/urgence (absolutely) essential/urgentc'est vous le premier intéressé you're the main person concerned ou the one who's got most at stakesortir premier d'une Grande école to be first on the pass list (in the final exam of a Grande école)l'idée première était de... the original idea was to...8. [spontané] firstson premier mouvement his first ou spontaneous impulse9. (après le nom) [fondamental] firstMATHÉMATIQUES [nombre] prime[polynôme] irreducibleprincipe premier first ou basic principle10. [moindre]et ta récitation, tu n'en connais pas le premier mot! you haven't a clue about your recitation, have you?la robe coûte 400 euros et je n'en ai pas le premier sou the dress costs 400 euros and I haven't a penny (UK) ou cent (US) to my name11. GRAMMAIREpremière personne du singulier/pluriel first person singular/pluralvoir aussi link=pluriel pluriel12. CUISINEcôte/côtelette première prime rib/cutlet————————, première [prəmje, ɛr] nom masculin, nom féminin1. [personne]elle est la première de sa classe/au hit-parade she's top of her class/the charts2. [chose]3. [celui-là]plantez des roses ou des tulipes, mais les premières durent plus longtemps plant roses or tulips, but the former last longervoir aussi link=cinquième cinquième————————nom masculin1. [dans une charade]3. [dans des dates]Aix, le premier juin Aix, June 1stle premier avril April Fool's ou All Fools Dayle premier janvier ou de l'an New Year's Day————————première nom féminin2. [exploit]être/passer en première to be in/to go into firstbillet/wagon de première first-class ticket/carriage8. IMPRIMERIE [épreuve] first proof[édition - d'un livre] first edition ; [ - d'un journal] early edition9. [d'une chaussure] insole————————de première locution adjectivale————————en premier locution adverbialepremier de cordée nom masculin————————premier degré nom masculin2. [phase initiale] first step3. (figuré)————————premier prix nom masculin1. COMMERCE lowest ou cheapest pricedans les premiers prix at the cheaper ou lower end of the scale2. [récompense] first prize -
8 Weltneuheit
f world(s) first, something completely new and unique; schweizerische Forscher präsentieren technologische Weltneuheit Swiss researchers unveil technological first* * *Wẹlt|neu|heitfworld first"schweizerische Forscher präsentieren technologische Weltneuheit" — "Swiss researchers unveil technological first"
* * *Weltneuheit f world(s) first, something completely new and unique;schweizerische Forscher präsentieren technologische Weltneuheit Swiss researchers unveil technological first -
9 première
première2 [pʀəmjεʀ]feminine nouna. first ; ( = vitesse) first gearc. (Aviation, railways) first class* * *pʀəmjɛʀ1) (événement important, exploit) first2) Théâtre, Cinéma première3) École sixth year of secondary school, age 16-174) Automobile first (gear)5) (colloq) ( dans les transports) first class -
10 дисплей изображения в сетчатке глаза
Biotechnology: Retinal Imaging Display, Retinal Imaging Display/RID (World first technology developed by the Brother Industries of Japan which relies on afterimages; first showcased at EXPO 2005, Aichi, Japan)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > дисплей изображения в сетчатке глаза
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11 отдай всё да мало
прост., одобр.cf. the acme (pink) of perfection; as good as gold; a bit of all right; out of this world; first chop; top notch; up to the notch- Я тебе вот что скажу: есть у меня на примете одна поповна, - ну, отдай всё да и мало! Всем взяла. (Д. Мамин-Сибиряк, Все мы хлеб едим) — 'Look here,' he said. 'I have an eye to a priest's daughter. She is good as gold. Has all merits and virtues possible.'
Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > отдай всё да мало
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12 Πλούτων
A Pluto, god of the nether world, first in Trag., as A.Pr. 806, S.Ant. 1200, E.Alc. 360, HF 808 (lyr.): acc. to Plato (from πλοῦτος ) the wealth-giver, a name of Hades, ὅτι ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἀνίεται [ὁ πλοῦτος], Cra.403a, cf. πλουτοδότης; identified with Plutus, and considered as the god of riches, cf. S.Fr. 273, Ar.Pl. 727:—hence [full] Πλουτώνιος, α, ον, of or belonging to Pluto;Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Πλούτων
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13 электропроводка, выполняемая протяжкой кабелей и проводов через трубы, глухие короба и полости строительных конструкций
электропроводка, выполняемая протяжкой кабелей и проводов через трубы, глухие короба и полости строительных конструкций
-Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Cable Pulling
Cable pulling is well known to cable installers throughout the world. First a line is threaded through the conduit; the line is attached to the cable; and then the line is used to drag the cable back through the conduit. For more than 50 years, millions of kilometers of electrical and communications cable have been installed using this basic method.
There is a "technology" of cable pulling. How can one determine the maximum distance that a cable can be pulled without damage? How can pulls be optimized to minimize splices and splicing expense? Proper answers to these questions mean better, more efficient cable installations, with less damaged cable and longer cable life.
[ http://www.polywater.com/commcabl.html]Протяжка кабеля
Протяжка - широко распространенный во всем мире способ прокладки кабеля. Сначала через трубу протягивают проволоку. Затем к концу этой проволоки прикрепляют кабель, после чего проволоку вытягивают из трубы и таким образом протягивают через нее кабель. За более чем 50 лет с помощью этого способа были проложены миллионы километров электрического кабеля и кабеля связи.
Данная технология называется протяжкой кабеля. Как определить максимальное длину трубы, через которую можно протянуть кабель без его повреждения? Как можно оптимизировать процесс протяжки, чтобы уменьшить число соединений жил кабеля и затрат на их выполнение? Зная ответ на этот вопрос, можно протянуть кабель с наименьшими повреждениями, что приведет к увеличению его срока службы.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
- электропроводка, электромонтаж
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > электропроводка, выполняемая протяжкой кабелей и проводов через трубы, глухие короба и полости строительных конструкций
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14 Primera Guerra Mundial
• first water• First World War• firstborn• world trade• World War I• World War II -
15 guerre mondiale
Première/Deuxième or Seconde Guerre mondiale — World War I/II, First/Second World War
* * *nf* * * -
16 verdenskrig
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17 primera oleada de cambios
• first watch• first wave of change• First World WarDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > primera oleada de cambios
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18 Первая мировая война
First World War, Great War, World War IРусско-английский политический словарь > Первая мировая война
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19 mundo de las letras, el
= world of letters, theEx. This article looks at how the first of the electronic technologies, radio, was initially perceived in the world of letters and libraries. -
20 guerre de quatorze
World War I, the First World War
См. также в других словарях:
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World government — United States of Earth redirects here. For the government in the television show Futurama, see Politics in Futurama. World empire and World State redirect here. For the computer game, see World Empire. For the World State in Brave New World, see… … Wikipedia
World Solar Challenge — The World Solar Challenge is a solar powered car race which covers 3021 km (1,877 miles) through the Australian Outback, from Darwin to Adelaide. The race attracts teams from around the world, most of which are fielded by universities or… … Wikipedia
First Group — Pour les articles homonymes, voir First. Logo First Group PLC est un groupe privé britannique spécialisé dans le transport public de voyageurs, présent au Royaume … Wikipédia en Français
First aid — This article is about the provision of immediate care. For the Transformers character, see First Aid (Transformers) … Wikipedia
First Group — FirstGroup PLC (LSE Code: FGP), auch unter der Kurzform First bekannt, ist ein britisches Transportunternehmen, das in Großbritannien, Irland, Nordamerika und Deutschland tätig ist und Eisenbahnen, Straßenbahnen und Busse betreibt. Sitz des… … Deutsch Wikipedia