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1 coclea
cō̆clĕa ( cō̆chlĕa; cf. the letter C), ae, f. [kochlias, o], a snail:b.quom caletur cocleae in occulto latent,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 12; Plin. 9, 56, 82, § 173 sq.; Varr. R. R. 3, 14; Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133; Auct. Her. 4, 49, 62; Hor. S. 2, 4, 59:nudae,
without shells, Plin. 29, 6, 36, § 112;an emblem of slowness,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 29.—In cocleam, snail-formed, spiral, Cels. 8, 10, 1; Col. 8, 17, 2; cf.:II.per cocleam ascendebat in cenaculum,
Vulg. 3 Reg. 6, 8.—Meton.A.A snail-shell, Mart. 11, 18, 23.—B.A screw of a press, Vitr. 6, 9.—C. D.A door that moves easily, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 3 Schneid. -
2 roña
f.mange, scab.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: roñar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: roñar.* * *1 (suciedad) filth, dirt2 (sarna) mange3 familiar (tacañería) meanness, stinginess* * *1. SF1) (=mugre) dirt, grime; [en metal] rust2) (=tacañería) meanness, stinginess3) (Vet) mange4) (=corteza) pine bark5) (=estratagema) stratagem7) And (Med) feigned illness8)jugar a la roña — to play for fun, play without money stakes
2.SMF * mean person, scrooge ** * *Iadjetivo (fam) tight-fisted (colloq), stingy (colloq)II1)a) ( mugre) dirt, grimeb) ( en metal) rust2) ( del ganado) mange3) (Col fam) ( pereza)4) (Méx) ( juego) tag* * *= grime, mange.Ex. Grease is one of the major culprits behind the grime that accumulates on cooktops.Ex. Mange is most commonly found in dogs and other canines, but it can occur in other domestic and wild animals, such as turtles, causing them to lose their shells.* * *Iadjetivo (fam) tight-fisted (colloq), stingy (colloq)II1)a) ( mugre) dirt, grimeb) ( en metal) rust2) ( del ganado) mange3) (Col fam) ( pereza)4) (Méx) ( juego) tag* * *= grime, mange.Ex: Grease is one of the major culprits behind the grime that accumulates on cooktops.
Ex: Mange is most commonly found in dogs and other canines, but it can occur in other domestic and wild animals, such as turtles, causing them to lose their shells.* * *roña1roña2A1 (mugre) dirt, grimeestos niños siempre van llenos de roña these children are always grubby2 (en el metal) rustB (del ganado) mangeChacer roña: estos funcionarios que hacen roña these civil servants who sit around doing nothinglos domingos hacíamos roña en la cama hasta tarde on Sundays we used to lie in o sleep in till latejugar a la roña to play tagEroña masculine and feminine ( fam) (tacaño) scrooge ( colloq), skinflint ( colloq), tightwad ( AmE colloq)* * *
roña sustantivo femenino
1
◊ lleno de roña covered in dirt o grime
c) (Vet) mange
2 (Méx) ( juego) tag;
roña sustantivo femenino
1 (óxido, orín) rust
2 (suciedad) filth, dirt
' roña' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
llorón
- solterón
English:
goose
* * *♦ adjFam [tacaño] stingy, tight♦ nmfFam [tacaño] skinflint♦ nf1. [suciedad] filth, dirt3. [enfermedad de animal] mange4. [herrumbre] rust* * *f grime* * *roña nf1) : mange2) : dirt, filth* * *roña n filth / dirt -
3 don|ieść
pf — don|osić1 impf Ⅰ vt 1. (dostarczyć) to carry- donieść rannego do szpitala to take a wounded a. injured person to the hospital- wciąż donoszono lżej rannych the lightly wounded a. injured kept on being brought in- doniósł całe wiadro wody i nic nie wylał he managed to bring a bucket full of water without spilling any- nie doniosę tej walizki do dworca I won’t be able to a. can’t carry this suitcase to the station2. (przynieść więcej) to bring (some) more, to deliver (some) more- doniósł wody, bo się kończyła the water was running low, so he brought some more- krzesła doniesie się później chairs will be brought later- donieść potrzebne dokumenty to submit further a. additional documents- zaświadczenie o zarobkach doniosę jutro I’ll bring you a statement of my earnings tomorrowⅡ vi 1. książk. (przekazać wiadomość) to inform (o czymś about a. of sth); [reporter, prasa] to report (o czymś on sth)- na samym wstępie donosi mi o śmierci ojca/ślubie siostry at the very beginning he tells me of his father’s death/his sister’s wedding- jak donosi agencja Reutera, … according to a Reuter’s report, …- szpiedzy donoszą o koncentracji wojsk nad granicą the spies have reported a concentration of troops on a. at the border2. pejor. (złożyć donos) to report (na kogoś sb); to inform (na kogoś on a. against sb)- doniósł nauczycielce, że Janek palił w szatni he told the teacher that Johnny had been smoking in the cloakroom pot.- donieść na kogoś policji/do urzędu skarbowego to inform on a. denounce sb to the police/the tax office- nie wiem, jak się dowiedział, ktoś musiał donieść I’ve no idea how he found out, somebody must have told him- robił różne świństwa, ale nie donosił he did all sorts of foul things but he wasn’t an informer3. [pociski, strzały] to reach, to hit (do czegoś sth)- pociski nie donosiły do celu the shells fell short of the target- pociski donosiły the shells hit their targetⅢ donieść się — donosić się [dźwięki] to be heard- z daleka doniósł się gwizd parowozu the whistle of a locomotive a. steam engine could be heard in the distanceThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > don|ieść
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4 su
iz.1.a. fire; \suak hartu i. to catch on fire ii. (irud.) to fly into a rage; etxea \suak hartu zuen the house caught on fire | fire engulfed the house; \su egiteko egurrik gabe without any firewood; \suari erakutsi to {warm || heat}... up slightlyb. ( sute) fire, blaze, conflagration; \sua izan da Ataungo baserri batean there was a fire in one of the farmhouses in Ataunc. ( San Joan gauekoak, e.a.) bonfire; San Joan \suak St. John bonfiresd. [ mugagabea ] \sutan egon i. to be on fire ii. (irud.) to be hopping mad | to be livid; etxea \sutan dago the house is on fire; \sutara bota to throw into the firee. [ izenen aurrean ] fire-; su-aseguruak fire insurancef. (esa.) \su eta gar || jo eta \su ardently | at a fever pitch | feverishly | earnestly2. Sukal.a. flame, heat; \su {geldian || motelean || eztian || geldoan || goxoan } over a low {flame || heat}; \su geldian irakin to simmerb. ( sukaldeari d.) burner3. ( zigarroari d.) light; \surik ba al daukazu? have you got a light?4. Mil.a. fire; \su erreal live fire | live shells; Txinak s\suerreala erabiliko du Taiwanen aurka hemendik aurrerako maniobretan China will use live shells in subsequent manoevres against Taiwanb. ( gudua) battle; Waterlooko \suan at the Battle of Waterloo5. Med. rash6. \suak [ izen plurala ] fireworks; \su artifizialak fireworks | fireworks show7. (irud.) (sentimendua)a. fire, ardour (GB), ardor (USA), passion; zaldi horrek badu \su that horse has got a lot of spirit | that horse has plenty of fire in him; ene bihotzeko \sua ez da oraindik iraungi the burning in my heart has not yet gone out; \su gutxi du laneko he isn't very enthusiastic about workingb. ( haserrea) anger, rage; Ama \sutan dago Mother is livid; \sutan jarri zen he hit the roof | he flew into a rage; harezkero \su hartuta dabil since then he's been furious; \su bizian zegoen she was absolutely livid | she was consumed with ragec. \su eta gar i. violently; \su eta gar sartu ziren herrian they stormed into the town ii. hard; \su eta gar ari dira lanean they are hard at work; \su eta ke = \su eta gar8. ( etxea) home; zenbat \su daude herri hartan? how many homes are there in that town?; \su bakoitzak honebesteko bat ematen du auzo jaietarako each family contributes so much to the neighbourhood festivities -
5 Calvus
1.calvus, a, um, adj. [cf. O. H. Germ. chalo; Germ. kahl], bald, without hair (whether by nature or by shaving or shearing; rare;2. B.not in Lucr., Cic., Hor., or Verg.): raso capite calvus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:senex,
Petr. 27; Suet. Calig. 27:moechus,
id. Caes. 51; Phaedr. 2, 2, 9; 5, 3, 1; 5, 6, 1.—Venus Calva, worshipped in a particular temple after the irruption of the Gauls (as it is pretended, because at that time the women cut off their hair for bowstrings), Lact. 1, 20, 7; Cypr. Idol. Van. 2, 10; Veg. Mil. 4, 9; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 720.—II.Transf. to plants:B. 2.vinea a vite calva,
Cato, R. R. 33, 3 (cf. Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 196, s. v. calvatus):nuces,
with smooth shells, Cato, R. R. 8, 2 (quoted in Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 90, where in MSS. the var. lect. galbas prob. arose from a false orthography of a later time; cf. the letter B fin.):calvae restes,
Mart. 12, 32, 20.—Also,Calvus, i, m., a cognomen of several persons, especially of the poet and orator C. Licinius; v. Licinius. -
6 calvus
1.calvus, a, um, adj. [cf. O. H. Germ. chalo; Germ. kahl], bald, without hair (whether by nature or by shaving or shearing; rare;2. B.not in Lucr., Cic., Hor., or Verg.): raso capite calvus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:senex,
Petr. 27; Suet. Calig. 27:moechus,
id. Caes. 51; Phaedr. 2, 2, 9; 5, 3, 1; 5, 6, 1.—Venus Calva, worshipped in a particular temple after the irruption of the Gauls (as it is pretended, because at that time the women cut off their hair for bowstrings), Lact. 1, 20, 7; Cypr. Idol. Van. 2, 10; Veg. Mil. 4, 9; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 720.—II.Transf. to plants:B. 2.vinea a vite calva,
Cato, R. R. 33, 3 (cf. Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 196, s. v. calvatus):nuces,
with smooth shells, Cato, R. R. 8, 2 (quoted in Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 90, where in MSS. the var. lect. galbas prob. arose from a false orthography of a later time; cf. the letter B fin.):calvae restes,
Mart. 12, 32, 20.—Also,Calvus, i, m., a cognomen of several persons, especially of the poet and orator C. Licinius; v. Licinius. -
7 גמר II
גָּמַרII (b. h.; cmp. v. גמם) 1) to polish, touch up, finish. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a bot. ג׳ מלאכתו when he gives to his work the finishing touch; a. fr. 2) (in gen.) to complete, end. Pes.X, 7 גּוֹמֵר עליו את ההלל he reads over it (the fourth cup) the Hallel to the end, v. הַלֵּל.Tosef.Succ.III, 2 גּוֹמְרִין בהןוכ׳ on those occasions the entire Hallel is read; Ber.14a; Arakh.10a; Taan.28b. Ber.13b חוזר וגוֹמְרָהּ (after the disciples left) did he take it up again and read the whole of the Shma?Y.Yeb.II, beg.3c הביאה גוֹמֶרֶת בה coition consummates the levirs marriage (Bab. ib. 18a קונה קניין גמור), v. מַאֲמַר.Y.Ber.VI, 10d top ג׳ מלאכול after he has finished eating; a. fr.Euphem. to gratify the sexual appetite. Kerith. II, 4. Pes.87a (play on Gomer, Hos. 1:3) שהכל גּוֹמְרִים בה all people could gratify their lust on her.וְגוֹמֵר (abbr. וגו׳, וג׳) and one finishes (the sentence quoted) = and so forth,, a clerical term used in Bible citations to save the writing out of the entire quotation. Ḥull.98a. Gen. R. s. 51, beg.; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּמוּר, f. גְּמוּרָה finished, complete, real, valid. Kidd.40b, a. fr. צדיק ג׳ a perfectly righteous man (without faults); רשע ג׳ a wicked man throughout (without any good quality). Yeb.18b, a. fr. קניין ג׳ real (legal) possession.Pl. גְּמוּרִים, גְּמוּרוֹת. Ḥull.89a; a. fr.Bets.2b, a. e. בצים ג׳ perfectly developed eggs (with shells), v. infra. 3) to destroy. Pes.87b (play on Gomer, v. supra) בזזו וגָמְרוּ (Ms. M. גמרו וגמרו) they plundered and destroyed (they destroyed thoroughly). 4) to conclude, determine, decide. Kel. XVI, 1. Ber.17a גְּמוֹר בכל לבבךוכ׳ be determined with all thy heart Shebu.26b ג׳ בלבו he resolved (vowed) in his heart, opp. הוציא בשפתיו; Ḥag.10a.Erub.13b, a. fr. נמנו וגמרו they were counted (their votes were taken) and they decided.Snh.III, 7 (42a) גמרו את הדבר when they had closed the case (being ready for publishing the sentence); a. fr. 5) to draw a conclusion by analogy. Sabb.96b ג׳ העברה העברה מיוה״כ one forms an analogy between the expressions heĕbir ; a. fr. 6) to be fully developed. Tosef.Par.XI, 7, v. גָּמַל. בצים גמורות, v. supra. Pi. גִּמֵּר 1) to destroy. Pes.87b בקשו לגַמֵּרוכ׳ they intented to destroy the possessions of Israel in her (Gomers) days, v. supra. 2) to develop, mature, ripen. Y.Shebi.V, beg.35d אין פירותיה׳ מְגַמְּרִיןוכ׳ their fruits ripen only every three years. Nif. נִגְמַר to be finished, completed. Snh.VI, 1 נ׳ הדין when proceedings are finished (sentence pronounced). Gen. R. s. 12 נִגְמְרָה מלאכתן they were finished; a. fr. -
8 גָּמַר
גָּמַרII (b. h.; cmp. v. גמם) 1) to polish, touch up, finish. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a bot. ג׳ מלאכתו when he gives to his work the finishing touch; a. fr. 2) (in gen.) to complete, end. Pes.X, 7 גּוֹמֵר עליו את ההלל he reads over it (the fourth cup) the Hallel to the end, v. הַלֵּל.Tosef.Succ.III, 2 גּוֹמְרִין בהןוכ׳ on those occasions the entire Hallel is read; Ber.14a; Arakh.10a; Taan.28b. Ber.13b חוזר וגוֹמְרָהּ (after the disciples left) did he take it up again and read the whole of the Shma?Y.Yeb.II, beg.3c הביאה גוֹמֶרֶת בה coition consummates the levirs marriage (Bab. ib. 18a קונה קניין גמור), v. מַאֲמַר.Y.Ber.VI, 10d top ג׳ מלאכול after he has finished eating; a. fr.Euphem. to gratify the sexual appetite. Kerith. II, 4. Pes.87a (play on Gomer, Hos. 1:3) שהכל גּוֹמְרִים בה all people could gratify their lust on her.וְגוֹמֵר (abbr. וגו׳, וג׳) and one finishes (the sentence quoted) = and so forth,, a clerical term used in Bible citations to save the writing out of the entire quotation. Ḥull.98a. Gen. R. s. 51, beg.; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּמוּר, f. גְּמוּרָה finished, complete, real, valid. Kidd.40b, a. fr. צדיק ג׳ a perfectly righteous man (without faults); רשע ג׳ a wicked man throughout (without any good quality). Yeb.18b, a. fr. קניין ג׳ real (legal) possession.Pl. גְּמוּרִים, גְּמוּרוֹת. Ḥull.89a; a. fr.Bets.2b, a. e. בצים ג׳ perfectly developed eggs (with shells), v. infra. 3) to destroy. Pes.87b (play on Gomer, v. supra) בזזו וגָמְרוּ (Ms. M. גמרו וגמרו) they plundered and destroyed (they destroyed thoroughly). 4) to conclude, determine, decide. Kel. XVI, 1. Ber.17a גְּמוֹר בכל לבבךוכ׳ be determined with all thy heart Shebu.26b ג׳ בלבו he resolved (vowed) in his heart, opp. הוציא בשפתיו; Ḥag.10a.Erub.13b, a. fr. נמנו וגמרו they were counted (their votes were taken) and they decided.Snh.III, 7 (42a) גמרו את הדבר when they had closed the case (being ready for publishing the sentence); a. fr. 5) to draw a conclusion by analogy. Sabb.96b ג׳ העברה העברה מיוה״כ one forms an analogy between the expressions heĕbir ; a. fr. 6) to be fully developed. Tosef.Par.XI, 7, v. גָּמַל. בצים גמורות, v. supra. Pi. גִּמֵּר 1) to destroy. Pes.87b בקשו לגַמֵּרוכ׳ they intented to destroy the possessions of Israel in her (Gomers) days, v. supra. 2) to develop, mature, ripen. Y.Shebi.V, beg.35d אין פירותיה׳ מְגַמְּרִיןוכ׳ their fruits ripen only every three years. Nif. נִגְמַר to be finished, completed. Snh.VI, 1 נ׳ הדין when proceedings are finished (sentence pronounced). Gen. R. s. 12 נִגְמְרָה מלאכתן they were finished; a. fr. -
9 volée
volée [vɔle]feminine nouna. ( = envol, distance) flight ; ( = groupe) flockb. ( = tir) volleyc. ( = suite de coups) volley• administrer/recevoir une bonne volée to give/get a sound thrashinge. (locutions)* * *vɔle
1.
1) ( d'oiseaux) ( action de voler) flight; ( vol groupé) flock, flightune volée d'étourneaux — a flock ou flight of starlings
2) (de projectiles, coups) volleydonner une volée à quelqu'un — lit to give somebody a good thrashing; fig to thrash somebody
3) ( d'escalier) flight (of stairs)4) (sports de raquette, volley-ball) volleysaisir la balle à la volée — fig to seize the opportunity
2.
à toute volée locution adverbiale••* * *vɔle nf1) [projectiles, coups] volleyrecevoir une volée (= correction) — to get a good thrashing
recevoir une volée de bois vert (= critiques) — to be severely criticized
2) TENNIS volley3) [oiseaux] flight, flockà la volée; attraper une balle à la volée — to catch a ball in mid-air
Les cloches de l'église sonnaient à toute volée. — The church bells pealed.
de haute volée — first-rate, first-class
un pianiste de haute volée — a first-rate pianist, a first-class pianist
* * *A nf1 ( d'oiseaux) ( action de voler) flight; ( vol groupé) flock, flight; d'une seule volée [franchir] in a nonstop flight; une volée d'étourneaux a flock ou flight of starlings; une volée d'enfants fig a swarm of children; prendre sa volée to take wing, to fly off; un acteur/écrivain de haute volée fig a first-rate actor/writer;2 ( grêle) (de projectiles, coups) volley (de of); une volée de pierres/plombs a volley of stones/shot; donner or flanquer○ une (bonne) volée à qn lit to give sb a good thrashing; fig to thrash sb; prendre une volée aux échecs fig to get thrashed at chess;3 ( ensemble de marches d'escalier) flight (of stairs);4 (sports de raquette, volley-ball) volley; reprendre la balle de volée to take the ball on the volley; saisir la balle à la volée fig to seize the opportunity.B à toute volée loc adv lancer qch à toute volée to hurl sth; gifler qn à toute volée to strike sb a resounding slap in the face; claquer une porte à toute volée to slam a door; les cloches sonnaient à toute volée to bells were pealing out.volée basse ( au tennis) low volley; volée en coup droit ( au tennis) drive volley; volée haute smash; volée de revers backhand volley.les enfants se sont éparpillés comme une volée de moineaux the children scattered like flies ; asséner une volée de bois vert à qn to deliver a blistering critique of sb.[vɔle] nom féminin1. [ce qu'on lance]volée d'obus/de pierres volley of shells/of stonesvolée de flèches volley ou flight of arrowsil a pris une sacrée volée en demi-finale he got trounced ou thrashed in the semi-finalsreprendre une balle de volée to volley a ball, to hit the ball on the volleyil n'est pas/il est très bon à la volée he's a bad/he's a good volleyer[distance] flight7. CONSTRUCTION8. (Suisse) [promotion]à la volée locution adverbiale1. [en passant]attraper ou saisir à la volée [clés, balle] to catch in mid-air2. AGRICULTURE3. CHASSEà toute volée locution adverbialeil a lancé le vase à toute volée contre le mur he hurled the vase at ou flung the vase against the wallclaquer une porte à toute volée to slam ou to bang a door shuta. [cloches] to peal (out)b. [carillonneur] to peal all the bellsde haute volée locution adjectivale[spécialiste] top (avant nom) -
10 μαλάκια
μᾰλᾰκ-ια, τά,A cephalopod mollusca, i.e. water-animals of soft substance, without external shells, Arist.HA 523b2, PA 654a10, al., Diocl.Fr.132.II v. μαλάχιον.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μαλάκια
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11 Wren, Sir Christopher
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 20 October 1632 East Knoyle, Wiltshire, Englandd. 25 February 1723 London, England[br]English architect whose background in scientific research and achievement enhanced his handling of many near-intractable architectural problems.[br]Born into a High Church and Royalist family, the young Wren early showed outstanding intellectual ability and at Oxford in 1654 was described as "that miracle of a youth". Educated at Westminster School, he went up to Oxford, where he graduated at the age of 19 and obtained his master's degree two years later. From this time onwards his interests were in science, primarily astronomy but also physics, engineering and meteorology. While still at college he developed theories about and experimentally solved some fifty varied problems. At the age of 25 Wren was appointed to the Chair of Astronomy at Gresham College in London, but he soon returned to Oxford as Savilian Professor of Astronomy there. At the same time he became one of the founder members of the Society of Experimental Philosophy at Oxford, which was awarded its Royal Charter soon after the Restoration of 1660; Wren, together with such men as Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke, John Evelyn and Robert Boyle, then found himself a member of the Royal Society.Wren's architectural career began with the classical chapel that he built, at the request of his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, for Pembroke College, Cambridge (1663). From this time onwards, until he died at the age of 91, he was fully occupied with a wide and taxing variety of architectural problems which he faced in the execution of all the great building schemes of the day. His scientific background and inventive mind stood him in good stead in solving such difficulties with an often unusual approach and concept. Nowhere was this more apparent than in his rebuilding of fifty-one churches in the City of London after the Great Fire, in the construction of the new St Paul's Cathedral and in the grand layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich.The first instance of Wren's approach to constructional problems was in his building of the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford (1664–9). He based his design upon that of the Roman Theatre of Marcellus (13–11 BC), which he had studied from drawings in Serlio's book of architecture. Wren's reputation as an architect was greatly enhanced by his solution to the roofing problem here. The original theatre in Rome, like all Roman-theatres, was a circular building open to the sky; this would be unsuitable in the climate of Oxford and Wren wished to cover the English counterpart without using supporting columns, which would have obscured the view of the stage. He solved this difficulty mathematically, with the aid of his colleague Dr Wallis, the Professor of Geometry, by means of a timber-trussed roof supporting a painted ceiling which represented the open sky.The City of London's churches were rebuilt over a period of nearly fifty years; the first to be completed and reopened was St Mary-at-Hill in 1676, and the last St Michael Cornhill in 1722, when Wren was 89. They had to be rebuilt upon the original medieval sites and they illustrate, perhaps more clearly than any other examples of Wren's work, the fertility of his imagination and his ability to solve the most intractable problems of site, limitation of space and variation in style and material. None of the churches is like any other. Of the varied sites, few are level or possess right-angled corners or parallel sides of equal length, and nearly all were hedged in by other, often larger, buildings. Nowhere is his versatility and inventiveness shown more clearly than in his designs for the steeples. There was no English precedent for a classical steeple, though he did draw upon the Dutch examples of the 1630s, because the London examples had been medieval, therefore Roman Catholic and Gothic, churches. Many of Wren's steeples are, therefore, Gothic steeples in classical dress, but many were of the greatest originality and delicate beauty: for example, St Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside; the "wedding cake" St Bride in Fleet Street; and the temple diminuendo concept of Christ Church in Newgate Street.In St Paul's Cathedral Wren showed his ingenuity in adapting the incongruous Royal Warrant Design of 1675. Among his gradual and successful amendments were the intriguing upper lighting of his two-storey choir and the supporting of the lantern by a brick cone inserted between the inner and outer dome shells. The layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich illustrates Wren's qualities as an overall large-scale planner and designer. His terms of reference insisted upon the incorporation of the earlier existing Queen's House, erected by Inigo Jones, and of John Webb's King Charles II block. The Queen's House, in particular, created a difficult problem as its smaller size rendered it out of scale with the newer structures. Wren's solution was to make it the focal centre of a great vista between the main flanking larger buildings; this was a masterstroke.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1673. President, Royal Society 1681–3. Member of Parliament 1685–7 and 1701–2. Surveyor, Greenwich Hospital 1696. Surveyor, Westminster Abbey 1699.Surveyor-General 1669–1712.Further ReadingR.Dutton, 1951, The Age of Wren, Batsford.M.Briggs, 1953, Wren the Incomparable, Allen \& Unwin. M.Whinney, 1971, Wren, Thames \& Hudson.K.Downes, 1971, Christopher Wren, Allen Lane.G.Beard, 1982, The Work of Sir Christopher Wren, Bartholomew.DY
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