-
101 IWW
1) Геология: Illinois WaterWay2) Военный термин: Inland Waterway3) Сокращение: Industrial Workers of the World, inland waterways4) Электроника: Internet World Wireless conference -
102 WAN
1) Компьютерная техника: Windows Application Network2) Военный термин: work authorization number3) Техника: worldwide-area network4) Шутливое выражение: Webmasters Against Netscape5) Телекоммуникации: Wireless Access Network, региональная сеть связи6) Сокращение: wanigan7) Вычислительная техника: ODI Wide Area Network Interface Open Data-Link Interface8) Деловая лексика: With Account Number9) Сетевые технологии: Wide Area Networking, Wide-Area Network, wide area network, глобальная сеть, распределённая сеть, территориально распределённая сеть10) SAP.тех. сеть WAN11) ООН: World Area Network12) НАСА: World Annular Node13) Программное обеспечение: Winchester Arbitrated Network -
103 WBI
1) Медицина: whole breast irradiation2) Американизм: Web Based Instruction, Web- Based Initiative3) Шахматы: White Bishop4) Вычислительная техника: Web Browser Intelligence (WWW, IBM)5) Фирменный знак: Warren And Betsy International, World Bank Institute6) СМИ: Williams Broadcasting, Inc.7) Сетевые технологии: Wireless Broadband Internet8) Общественная организация: White Bison, Inc.9) Библиотечное дело: World Biographical Index -
104 WCCS
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Workshop on Complete cDNA Sequencing2) Спорт: West Coast Collegiate Series3) Военный термин: Wing Command and Control System4) Религия: Westminster Catawba Christian School5) Радио: FM-96.5, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Massachusetts6) Сокращение: Wing Command & Control System, Wireless Communication & Control System, World Chamber of Commerce Service7) Университет: Wallace Community College Selma8) Школьное выражение: Whitley County Consolidated Schools9) Фирменный знак: West Coast Computer Systems, Western Carolina Communication Systems, World Class Charter Services10) Правительство: Washington Council of County Surveyors -
105 WE
1) Военный термин: Weather Element, war emergency, war establishment, weather emergency, with equipment, withholding exemptions2) Железнодорожный термин: Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway Company3) Политика: West Bank4) Сокращение: Weald Electronics Ltd (UK), Weapon Engineer, Wednesday, World Education5) Нефть: weld ends, концы под сварку (weld ends)6) Фирменный знак: Western Electric, Western Electronics7) Образование: A World To Explore8) Ядерная физика: Vertical Vertex Errors9) Сахалин Ю: effluent water10) Макаров: water equivalent11) Безопасность: Wireless Encryption -
106 WFM
1) Техника: waveform monitor, waveguide frequency meter2) Политика: World Federalist Movement3) Сокращение: World Federation for the Metallurgic Industry, workflow management4) Университет: Wireless Frequency Modulation5) Физика: work function measurements6) Вычислительная техника: Works For Me (DFUE-Slang, Usenet, IRC), Wired For Management (Intel)7) Механика: wound field motor8) Фирменный знак: Whole Foods Market9) СМИ: Writing For Money10) Деловая лексика: Wired For Management11) Сахалин Р: water flood module12) Расширение файла: Form object (dBASE Form Designer)13) НАСА: Workforce Management14) СМС: Works For Me -
107 WGM
1) Военный термин: weighted guidelines method2) Техника: Wireless Gas Monitor, waveguide meter4) Шахматы: World Grand Master5) Фирменный знак: Weavers Guild of Minnesota, West Gastonia Music6) Должность: Worlds Greatest Man7) НАСА: Work Group Manager -
108 WHM
1) Техника: watt-hour meter2) Религия: World Harvest Mission3) Грубое выражение: Worlds Hottest Men4) Сокращение: Women's History Month, Work Hour Management, watthour meter5) СМИ: World History Matters6) Сетевые технологии: Web Hosting Manager, Wireless Host Module -
109 WMM
1) Компьютерная техника: Wi-Fi Multimedia2) Спорт: White Mountain Motorsports3) Военный термин: World Magnetic Model4) Техника: wall-mounted manipulator5) Религия: Wesleyan Methodist Movement, Why Marriage Matters6) Юридический термин: Well Manicured Man7) Сокращение: World Movement of Mothers8) Физиология: White Middle-aged Male9) Вычислительная техника: Wireless Multimedia Extension10) Фирменный знак: Web Media Marketing, Webmasters Make Money, Weston, Murray, & Moore Independent Financial Advisers11) СМИ: Western Mule Magazine12) Карачаганак: ВМС (water-methanol mixture), водометанольная смесь -
110 WPT
1) Спорт: World Poker Tour2) Военный термин: way-point, with promotion to3) Техника: water pressure test4) Юридический термин: W. P. Thompson & Company, Patent Attorneys5) Сокращение: Wireless Power Transmission6) Нефть: windfall profit(s) tax7) Фирменный знак: Winter Park Tech8) СМИ: Wisconsin Public Television9) Деловая лексика: инструмент еженедельного планирования (сокр. от "weekly planning tool")10) Расширение файла: WordPerfect Template11) Общественная организация: World Parrot Trust -
111 WRB
1) Геология: Winnipesaukee River Basin2) Американизм: White Russian Bear3) Спорт: Washington Recreation Basketball4) Военный термин: weapon record book5) Музыка: Whiskey River Band, World Record Band6) Сокращение: Warfare Requirements Board, wardrobe7) Вычислительная техника: Oracle Web Request Broker, workgroup repository manager, Web Request Broker (Oracle, WWW)8) Транспорт: Wolverine Road Bridge9) Экология: Water Resources Board10) СМИ: White River Broadcasting11) Сетевые технологии: Wireless Receiver Box12) Океанография: Water Resources Bulletin13) ООН: War Refugee Board, World Reserve Bank14) Должность: Wildlife Research Biologist15) НАСА: Warranty Review Board16) Профсоюзы: Workers' Rights Board -
112 WRF
1) Военный термин: Winchester rimfire2) Техника: weak radial field3) Метеорология: Weather Research And Forecasting Model4) Юридический термин: Wiley Rein Fielding, Work Release Facility5) Музыка: World Rhythm Festival6) Сокращение: Waveform Repetition Frequency7) Университет: Wits Rural Facility8) Электроника: Wireless Radio Frequency9) Имена и фамилии: William Randolph Franklin10) Общественная организация: Washington Research Foundation, Work Research Foundation, World Research Foundation -
113 WTA
2) Телекоммуникации: Wireless Telephony Applications3) Сокращение: Warfighter's Tactical Associate, World Trade Atlas4) Транспорт: Washington Truckers Association, World Teleport Association5) Общественная организация: Washington Tour On Advocacy, Wildlife Trust Alliance -
114 WTL
1) Спорт: World Taekwondo League2) Военный термин: weapon-target line3) Юридический термин: World Trade Law4) Сетевые технологии: Wireless Transport Layer5) Программное обеспечение: Windows Template Library -
115 WTT
1) Общая лексика: Want To Trade ('Обменяю' в объявлениях), Обменяю (Want To Trade, в объявлениях)2) Спорт: World Team Tennis3) Военный термин: weapon tactics trainer4) Математика: Weak Truth Table5) Сокращение: Weapon & Tactics Trainer, World Trade Transport Corp. (USA)6) Фирменный знак: Wayne Train Technologies, Web Trust Technologies7) Авиационная медицина: work tolerance time8) Общественная организация: Wildlife Trust Team10) AMEX. Wireless Telecom Group, Inc. -
116 WWWC
1) Сокращение: World Wide Web Conference2) НАСДАК: World Wireless Communications, Inc. -
117 We
1) Военный термин: Weather Element, war emergency, war establishment, weather emergency, with equipment, withholding exemptions2) Железнодорожный термин: Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway Company3) Политика: West Bank4) Сокращение: Weald Electronics Ltd (UK), Weapon Engineer, Wednesday, World Education5) Нефть: weld ends, концы под сварку (weld ends)6) Фирменный знак: Western Electric, Western Electronics7) Образование: A World To Explore8) Ядерная физика: Vertical Vertex Errors9) Сахалин Ю: effluent water10) Макаров: water equivalent11) Безопасность: Wireless Encryption -
118 wan
1) Компьютерная техника: Windows Application Network2) Военный термин: work authorization number3) Техника: worldwide-area network4) Шутливое выражение: Webmasters Against Netscape5) Телекоммуникации: Wireless Access Network, региональная сеть связи6) Сокращение: wanigan7) Вычислительная техника: ODI Wide Area Network Interface Open Data-Link Interface8) Деловая лексика: With Account Number9) Сетевые технологии: Wide Area Networking, Wide-Area Network, wide area network, глобальная сеть, распределённая сеть, территориально распределённая сеть10) SAP.тех. сеть WAN11) ООН: World Area Network12) НАСА: World Annular Node13) Программное обеспечение: Winchester Arbitrated Network -
119 we
1) Военный термин: Weather Element, war emergency, war establishment, weather emergency, with equipment, withholding exemptions2) Железнодорожный термин: Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway Company3) Политика: West Bank4) Сокращение: Weald Electronics Ltd (UK), Weapon Engineer, Wednesday, World Education5) Нефть: weld ends, концы под сварку (weld ends)6) Фирменный знак: Western Electric, Western Electronics7) Образование: A World To Explore8) Ядерная физика: Vertical Vertex Errors9) Сахалин Ю: effluent water10) Макаров: water equivalent11) Безопасность: Wireless Encryption -
120 Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
[br]b. 6 September 1892 Bradford, Englandd. 21 April 1965 Edinburgh, Scotland[br]English physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the ionospheric layer, named after him, which is an efficient reflector of short radio waves, thereby making possible long-distance radio communication.[br]After early ambitions to become a professional cricketer, Appleton went to St John's College, Cambridge, where he studied under J.J.Thompson and Ernest Rutherford. His academic career interrupted by the First World War, he served as a captain in the Royal Engineers, carrying out investigations into the propagation and fading of radio signals. After the war he joined the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, as a demonstrator in 1920, and in 1924 he moved to King's College, London, as Wheatstone Professor of Physics.In the following decade he contributed to developments in valve oscillators (in particular, the "squegging" oscillator, which formed the basis of the first hard-valve time-base) and gained international recognition for research into electromagnetic-wave propagation. His most important contribution was to confirm the existence of a conducting ionospheric layer in the upper atmosphere capable of reflecting radio waves, which had been predicted almost simultaneously by Heaviside and Kennelly in 1902. This he did by persuading the BBC in 1924 to vary the frequency of their Bournemouth transmitter, and he then measured the signal received at Cambridge. By comparing the direct and reflected rays and the daily variation he was able to deduce that the Kennelly- Heaviside (the so-called E-layer) was at a height of about 60 miles (97 km) above the earth and that there was a further layer (the Appleton or F-layer) at about 150 miles (240 km), the latter being an efficient reflector of the shorter radio waves that penetrated the lower layers. During the period 1927–32 and aided by Hartree, he established a magneto-ionic theory to explain the existence of the ionosphere. He was instrumental in obtaining agreement for international co-operation for ionospheric and other measurements in the form of the Second Polar Year (1932–3) and, much later, the International Geophysical Year (1957–8). For all this work, which made it possible to forecast the optimum frequencies for long-distance short-wave communication as a function of the location of transmitter and receiver and of the time of day and year, in 1947 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.He returned to Cambridge as Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1939, and with M.F. Barnett he investigated the possible use of radio waves for radio-location of aircraft. In 1939 he became Secretary of the Government Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, a post he held for ten years. During the Second World War he contributed to the development of both radar and the atomic bomb, and subsequently served on government committees concerned with the use of atomic energy (which led to the establishment of Harwell) and with scientific staff.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted (KCB 1941, GBE 1946). Nobel Prize for Physics 1947. FRS 1927. Vice- President, American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1932. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1933. Institute of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1946. Vice-Chancellor, Edinburgh University 1947. Institution of Civil Engineers Ewing Medal 1949. Royal Medallist 1950. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1962. President, British Association 1953. President, Radio Industry Council 1955–7. Légion d'honneur. LLD University of St Andrews 1947.Bibliography1925, joint paper with Barnett, Nature 115:333 (reports Appleton's studies of the ionosphere).1928, "Some notes of wireless methods of investigating the electrical structure of the upper atmosphere", Proceedings of the Physical Society 41(Part III):43. 1932, Thermionic Vacuum Tubes and Their Applications (his work on valves).1947, "The investigation and forecasting of ionospheric conditions", Journal of theInstitution of Electrical Engineers 94, Part IIIA: 186 (a review of British work on the exploration of the ionosphere).with J.F.Herd \& R.A.Watson-Watt, British patent no. 235,254 (squegging oscillator).Further ReadingWho Was Who, 1961–70 1972, VI, London: A. \& C.Black (for fuller details of honours). R.Clark, 1971, Sir Edward Appleton, Pergamon (biography).J.Jewkes, D.Sawers \& R.Stillerman, 1958, The Sources of Invention.KFBiographical history of technology > Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
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