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  • 61 ὁ

    ὁ, ἡ, τό pl. οἱ, αἱ, τά article, derived fr. a demonstrative pronoun, ‘the’. Since the treatment of the inclusion and omission of the art. belongs to the field of grammar, the lexicon can limit itself to exhibiting the main features of its usage. It is difficult to set hard and fast rules for the employment of the art., since the writer’s style had special freedom of play here—Kühner-G. I p. 589ff; B-D-F §249–76; Mlt. 80–84; Rob. 754–96; W-S. §17ff; Rdm.2 112–18; Abel §28–32; HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 642ff; FVölker, Syntax d. griech. Papyri I, Der Artikel, Progr. d. Realgymn. Münster 1903; FEakin, AJP 37, 1916, 333ff; CMiller, ibid. 341ff; EColwell, JBL 52, ’33, 12–21 (for a critique s. Mlt-H.-Turner III 183f); ASvensson, D. Gebr. des bestimmten Art. in d. nachklass. Epik ’37; RFink, The Syntax of the Greek Article ’53; JRoberts, Exegetical Helps, The Greek Noun with and without the Article: Restoration Qtly 14, ’71, 28–44; HTeeple, The Greek Article with Personal Names in the Synoptic Gospels: NTS 19, ’73, 302–17; Mussies 186–97.
    ① this one, that one, the art. funct. as demonstrative pronoun
    ⓐ in accordance w. epic usage (Hes., Works 450: ἡ=this [voice]) in the quot. fr. Arat., Phaenom. 5 τοῦ γὰρ καὶ γένος ἐσμέν for we are also his (lit. this One’s) offspring Ac 17:28.
    ⓑ ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ the one … the other (Polyaenus 6, 2, 1 ὁ μὲν … ὁ δὲ … ὁ δε; PSI 512, 21 [253 B.C.]); pl. οἱ μὲν … οἱ δέ (PSI 341, 9 [256 B.C.]; TestJob 29:1) some … others w. ref. to a noun preceding: ἐσχίσθη τὸ πλῆθος … οἱ μὲν ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, οἱ δὲ σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις Ac 14:4; 17:32; 28:24; 1 Cor 7:7; Gal 4:23; Phil 1:16f. Also without such a relationship expressed τοὺς μὲν ἀποστόλους, τοὺς δὲ προφήτας, τοὺς δὲ εὐαγγελιστάς Eph 4:11. οἱ μὲν … ὁ δέ Hb 7:5f, 20f. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι (δέ) J 7:12. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι δὲ … ἕτεροι δέ Mt 16:14. τινὲς … οἱ δέ Ac 17:18 (cp. Pla., Leg. 1, 627a; 2, 658 B.; Aelian, VH 2, 34; Palaeph. 6, 5).—Mt 26:67; 28:17 οἱ δέ introduces a second class; just before this, instead of the first class, the whole group is mentioned (cp. X., Hell. 1, 2, 14, Cyr. 3, 2, 12; KMcKay, JSNT 24, ’85, 71f)= but some (as Arrian, Anab. 5, 2, 7; 5, 14, 4; Lucian, Tim. 4 p. 107; Hesych. Miles. [VI A.D.]: 390 Fgm. 1, 35 end Jac.).
    ⓒ To indicate the progress of the narrative, ὁ δέ, οἱ δέ but he, but they (lit. this one, they) is also used without ὁ μέν preceding (likew. Il. 1, 43; Pla., X.; also Clearchus, Fgm. 76b τὸν δὲ εἰπεῖν=but this man said; pap examples in Mayser II/1, 1926, 57f) e.g. Mt 2:9, 14; 4:4; 9:31; Mk 14:31 (cp. Just., A II, 2, 3). ὁ μὲν οὖν Ac 23:18; 28:5. οἱ μὲν οὖν 1:6; 5:41; 15:3, 30.—JO’Rourke, Paul’s Use of the Art. as a Pronoun, CBQ 34, ’72, 59–65.
    ② the, funct. to define or limit an entity, event, or state
    ⓐ w. nouns
    α. w. appellatives, or common nouns, where, as in Pla., Thu., Demosth. et al., the art. has double significance, specific or individualizing, and generic.
    א. In its individualizing use it focuses attention on a single thing or single concept, as already known or otherwise more definitely limited: things and pers. that are unique in kind: ὁ ἥλιος, ἡ σελήνη, ὁ οὐρανός, ἡ γῆ, ἡ θάλασσα, ὁ κόσμος, ἡ κτίσις, ὁ θεός (BWeiss [s. on θεός, beg.]), ὁ διάβολος, ὁ λόγος (J 1:1, 14), τὸ φῶς, ἡ σκοτία, ἡ ζωή, ὁ θάνατος etc. (but somet. the art. is omitted, esp. when nouns are used w. preps.; B-D-F §253, 1–4; Rob. 791f; Mlt-Turner 171). ἐν συναγωγῇ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ J 18:20.—Virtues, vices, etc. (contrary to Engl. usage): ἡ ἀγάπη, ἡ ἀλήθεια, ἡ ἁμαρτία, ἡ δικαιοσύνη, ἡ σοφία et al.—The individualizing art. stands before a common noun that was previously mentioned (without the art.): τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους Lk 9:16 (after πέντε ἄρτοι vs. 13). τὸ βιβλίον 4:17b (after βιβλίον, vs. 17a), τοὺς μάγους Mt 2:7 (after μάγοι, vs. 1). J 4:43 (40); 12:6 (5); 20:1 (19:41); Ac 9:17 (11); Js 2:3 (2); Rv 15:6 (1).—The individ. art. also stands before a common noun which, in a given situation, is given special attention as the only or obvious one of its kind (Hipponax [VI B.C.] 13, 2 West=D.3 16 ὁ παῖς the [attending] slave; Diod S 18, 29, 2 ὁ ἀδελφός=his brother; Artem. 4, 71 p. 245, 19 ἡ γυνή=your wife; ApcEsdr 6:12 p. 31, 17 μετὰ Μωσῆ … ἐν τῷ ὄρει [Sinai]; Demetr. (?): 722 fgm 7 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 19, 4] ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος [Moriah]) τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ to the attendant (who took care of the synagogue) Lk 4:20. εἰς τὸν νιπτῆρα into the basin (that was there for the purpose) J 13:5. ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπο here is this (wretched) man 19:5. ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης or ἐλευθέρας by the (well-known) slave woman or the free woman (Hagar and Sarah) Gal 4:22f. τὸν σῖτον Ac 27:38. ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9 (s. ἐπιστολή) τὸ ὄρος the mountain (nearby) Mt 5:1; 8:1; 14:23; Mk 3:13; 6:46; Lk 6:12; 9:28 al.; ἡ πεισμονή this (kind of) persuasion Gal 5:8. ἡ μαρτυρία the (required) witness or testimony J 5:36.—The art. takes on the idea of κατʼ ἐξοχήν ‘par excellence’ (Porphyr., Abst. 24, 7 ὁ Αἰγύπτιος) ὁ ἐρχόμενος the one who is (was) to come or the coming one par excellence=The Messiah Mt 11:3; Lk 7:19. ὁ προφήτης J 1:21, 25; 7:40. ὁ διδάσκαλος τ. Ἰσραήλ 3:10 (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 5, 18 of Socrates: ὁ τῆς Ἑλλάδος διδάσκαλος); cp. MPol 12:2. With things (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Μάρπησσα: οἱ λίθοι=the famous stones [of the Parian Marble]) ἡ κρίσις the (last) judgment Mt 12:41. ἡ ἡμέρα the day of decision 1 Cor 3:13; (cp. Mi 4:6 Mt); Hb 10:25. ἡ σωτηρία (our) salvation at the consummation of the age Ro 13:11.
    ב. In its generic use it singles out an individual who is typical of a class, rather than the class itself: ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος Mt 12:35. κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον 15:11. ὥσπερ ὁ ἐθνικός 18:17. ὁ ἐργάτης Lk 10:7. ἐγίνωσκεν τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ J 2:25. τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου 2 Cor 12:12. ὁ κληρονόμος Gal 4:1. So also in parables and allegories: ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης Mt 24:43. Cp. J 10:11b, 12. The generic art. in Gk. is often rendered in Engl. by the indef. art. or omitted entirely.
    β. The use of the art. w. personal names is varied; as a general rule the presence of the art. w. a personal name indicates that the pers. is known; without the art. focus is on the name as such (s. Dssm., BPhW 22, 1902, 1467f; BWeiss, D. Gebr. des Art. b. d. Eigennamen [im NT]: StKr 86, 1913, 349–89). Nevertheless, there is an unmistakable drift in the direction of Mod. Gk. usage, in which every proper name has the art. (B-D-F §260; Rob. 759–61; Mlt-Turner 165f). The ms. tradition varies considerably. In the gospels the art. is usu. found w. Ἰησοῦς; yet it is commonly absent when Ἰ. is accompanied by an appositive that has the art. Ἰ. ὁ Γαλιλαῖος Mt 26:69; Ἰ. ὁ Ναζωραῖος vs. 71; Ἰ. ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός 27:17, 22. Sim. Μαριὰμ ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Ἰ. Ac 1:14. The art. somet. stands before oblique cases of indecl. proper names, apparently to indicate their case (B-D-F §260, 2; Rob. 760). But here, too, there is no hard and fast rule.—HTeeple, NTS 19, ’73, 302–17 (synopt.).
    γ. The art. is customarily found w. the names of countries (B-D-F §261, 4; W-S. § 18, 5 d; Rob. 759f); less freq. w. names of cities (B-D-F §261, 1; 2; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 170–72). W. Ἰερουσαλήμ, Ἱεροσόλυμα it is usu. absent (s. Ἱεροσόλυμα); it is only when this name has modifiers that it must have the art. ἡ νῦν Ἰ. Gal 4:25; ἡ ἄνω Ἰ. vs. 26; ἡ καινὴ Ἰ. Rv 3:12. But even in this case it lacks the art. when the modifier follows: Hb 12:22.—Names of rivers have the art. ὁ Ἰορδάνης, ὁ Εὐφράτης, ὁ Τίβερις Hv 1, 1, 2 (B-D-F §261, 8; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 172). Likew. names of seas ὁ Ἀδρίας Ac 27:27.
    δ. The art. comes before nouns that are accompanied by the gen. of a pronoun (μοῦ, σοῦ, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτοῦ, ἑαυτοῦ, αὐτῶν) Mt 1:21, 25; 5:45; 6:10–12; 12:49; Mk 9:17; Lk 6:27; 10:7; 16:6; Ro 4:19; 6:6 and very oft. (only rarely is it absent: Mt 19:28; Lk 1:72; 2:32; 2 Cor 8:23; Js 5:20 al.).
    ε. When accompanied by the possessive pronouns ἐμός, σός, ἡμέτερος, ὑμέτερος the noun always has the art., and the pron. stands mostly betw. art. and noun: Mt 18:20; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; Ac 26:5; Ro 3:7 and oft. But only rarely so in John: J 4:42; 5:47; 7:16. He prefers to repeat the article w. the possessive following the noun ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμή J 5:30; cp. 7:6; 17:17; 1J 1:3 al.
    ζ. Adjectives (or participles), when they modify nouns that have the art., also come either betw. the art. and noun: ἡ ἀγαθὴ μερίς Lk 10:42; τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα 12:10; Ac 1:8; ἡ δικαία κρίσις J 7:24 and oft., or after the noun w. the art. repeated τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Mk 3:29; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15. ἡ ζωὴ ἡ αἰώνιος 1J 1:2; 2:25. τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν Ac 12:10. Only rarely does an adj. without the art. stand before a noun that has an art. (s. B-D-F §270, 1; Rob. 777; Mlt-Turner 185f): ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ 1 Cor 11:5. εἶπεν μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ Ac 14:10 v.l.; cp. 26:24. κοιναῖς ταῖς χερσίν Mk 7:5 D.—Double modifier τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; 9:13. ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη ἡ καθημένη 17:1.—Mk 5:36 τὸν λόγον λαλούμενον is prob. a wrong rdg. (B has τὸν λαλ., D τοῦτον τὸν λ. without λαλούμενον).—On the art. w. ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς s. the words in question.
    η. As in the case of the poss. pron. (ε) and adj. (ζ), so it is w. other expressions that can modify a noun: ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις Ro 9:11. ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη 11:27. ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 Cor 1:18. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἡ εἰς ζωήν Ro 7:10. ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 1 Th 1:8. ἡ διακονία ἡ εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους 2 Cor 8:4.
    θ. The art. precedes the noun when a demonstrative pron. (ὅδε, οὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging with it comes before or after; e.g.: οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος Lk 14:30; J 9:24. οὗτος ὁ λαός Mk 7:6. οὗτος ὁ υἱός μου Lk 15:24. οὗτος ὁ τελώνης 18:11 and oft. ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος Mk 14:71; Lk 2:25; 23:4, 14, 47. ὁ λαὸς οὗτος Mt 15:8. ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος Lk 15:30 and oft.—ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμέρα Mt 7:22; 22:46. ἐκ. ἡ ὥρα 10:19; 18:1; 26:55. ἐκ. ὁ καιρός 11:25; 12:1; 14:1. ἐκ. ὁ πλάνος 27:63 and oft. ἡ οἰκία ἐκείνη Mt 7:25, 27. ἡ ὥρα ἐκ. 8:13; 9:22; ἡ γῆ ἐκ. 9:26, 31; ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκ. 13:1. ὁ ἀγρὸς ἐκ. vs. 44 and oft.—ὁ αὐτός s. αὐτός 3b.
    ι. An art. before a nom. noun makes it a vocative (as early as Hom.; s. KBrugman4-AThumb, Griech. Gramm. 1913, 431; Schwyzer II 63f; B-D-F §147; Rob. 769. On the LXX Johannessohn, Kasus 14f.—ParJer 1:1 Ἰερεμία ὁ ἐκλεκτός μου; 7:2 χαῖρε Βαρούχι ὁ οἰκονόμος τῆς πίστεως) ναί, ὁ πατήρ Mt 11:26. τὸ κοράσιον, ἔγειρε Mk 5:41. Cp. Mt 7:23; 27:29 v.l.; Lk 8:54; 11:39; 18:11, 13 (Goodsp, Probs. 85–87); J 19:3 and oft.
    ⓑ Adjectives become substantives by the addition of the art.
    α. ὁ πονηρός Eph 6:16. οἱ σοφοί 1 Cor 1:27. οἱ ἅγιοι, οἱ πλούσιοι, οἱ πολλοί al. Likew. the neut. τὸ κρυπτόν Mt 6:4. τὸ ἅγιον 7:6. τὸ μέσον Mk 3:3. τὸ θνητόν 2 Cor 5:4. τὰ ἀδύνατα Lk 18:27. τὸ ἔλαττον Hb 7:7. Also w. gen. foll. τὰ ἀγαθά σου Lk 16:25. τὸ μωρόν, τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 1:25; cp. vs. 27f. τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 1:19. τὰ ἀόρατα τοῦ θεοῦ vs. 20. τὸ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου 8:3. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς αἰσχύνης 2 Cor 4:2.
    β. Adj. attributes whose noun is customarily omitted come to have substantive force and therefore receive the art. (B-D-F §241; Rob. 652–54) ἡ περίχωρος Mt 3:5; ἡ ξηρά 23:15 (i.e. γῆ). ἡ ἀριστερά, ἡ δεξιά (sc. χείρ) 6:3. ἡ ἐπιοῦσα (sc. ἡμέρα) Ac 16:11. ἡ ἔρημος (sc. χώρα) Mt 11:7.
    γ. The neut. of the adj. w. the art. can take on the mng. of an abstract noun (Thu. 1, 36, 1 τὸ δεδιός=fear; Herodian 1, 6, 9; 1, 11, 5 τὸ σεμνὸν τῆς παρθένου; M. Ant. 1, 1; Just., D. 27, 2 διὰ τὸ σκληροκάρδιον ὑμῶν καὶ ἀχάριστον εἰς αὐτόν) τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ God’s kindness Ro 2:4. τὸ δυνατόν power 9:22. τὸ σύμφορον benefit 1 Cor 7:35. τὸ γνήσιον genuineness 2 Cor 8:8. τὸ ἐπιεικές Phil 4:5 al.
    δ. The art. w. numerals indicates, as in Il. 5, 271f; X. et al. (HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 662ff), that a part of a number already known is being mentioned (Diod S 18, 10, 2 τρεῖς μὲν φυλὰς … τὰς δὲ ἑπτά=‘but the seven others’; Plut., Cleom. 804 [8, 4] οἱ τέσσαρες=‘the other four’; Polyaenus 6, 5 οἱ τρεῖς=‘the remaining three’; Diog. L. 1, 82 Βίας προκεκριμένος τῶν ἑπτά=Bias was preferred before the others of the seven [wise men]. B-D-F §265): οἱ ἐννέα the other nine Lk 17:17. Cp. 15:4; Mt 18:12f. οἱ δέκα the other ten (disciples) 20:24; Mk 10:41; lepers Lk 17:17. οἱ πέντε … ὁ εἷς … ὁ ἄλλος five of them … one … the last one Rv 17:10.
    ⓒ The ptc. w. the art. receives
    α. the mng. of a subst. ὁ πειράζων the tempter Mt 4:3; 1 Th 3:5. ὁ βαπτίζων Mk 6:14. ὁ σπείρων Mt 13:3; Lk 8:5. ὁ ὀλεθρεύων Hb 11:28. τὸ ὀφειλόμενον Mt 18:30, 34. τὸ αὐλούμενον 1 Cor 14:7. τὸ λαλούμενον vs. 9 (Just., D. 32, 3 τὸ ζητούμενον). τὰ γινόμενα Lk 9:7. τὰ ἐρχόμενα J 16:13. τὰ ἐξουθενημένα 1 Cor 1:28. τὰ ὑπάρχοντα (s. ὑπάρχω 1). In Engl. usage many of these neuters are transl. by a relative clause, as in β below. B-D-F §413; Rob. 1108f.
    β. the mng. of a relative clause (Ar. 4, 2 al. οἱ νομίζοντες) ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς whoever receives you Mt 10:40. τῷ τύπτοντί σε Lk 6:29. ὁ ἐμὲ μισῶν J 15:23. οὐδὲ γὰρ ὄνομά ἐστιν ἕτερον τὸ δεδομένον (ὸ̔ δέδοται) Ac 4:12. τινές εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς Gal 1:7. Cp. Lk 7:32; 18:9; J 12:12; Col 2:8; 1 Pt 1:7; 2J 7; Jd 4 al. So esp. after πᾶς: πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος everyone who becomes angry Mt 5:22. πᾶς ὁ κρίνων Ro 2:1 al. After μακάριος Mt 5:4, 6, 10. After οὐαὶ ὑμῖν Lk 6:25.
    ⓓ The inf. w. neut. art. (B-D-F §398ff; Rob. 1062–68) is used in a number of ways.
    α. It stands for a noun (B-D-F §399; Rob. 1062–66) τὸ (ἀνίπτοις χερσὶν) φαγεῖν Mt 15:20. τὸ (ἐκ νεκρῶν) ἀναστῆναι Mk 9:10. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν 12:33; cp. Ro 13:8. τὸ ποιῆσαι, τὸ ἐπιτελέσαι 2 Cor 8:11. τὸ καθίσαι Mt 20:23. τὸ θέλειν Ro 7:18; 2 Cor 8:10.—Freq. used w. preps. ἀντὶ τοῦ, διὰ τό, διὰ τοῦ, ἐκ τοῦ, ἐν τῷ, ἕνεκεν τοῦ, ἕως τοῦ, μετὰ τό, πρὸ τοῦ, πρὸς τό etc.; s. the preps. in question (B-D-F §402–4; Rob. 1068–75).
    β. The gen. of the inf. w. the art., without a prep., is esp. frequent (B-D-F §400; Mlt. 216–18; Rob. 1066–68; DEvans, ClQ 15, 1921, 26ff). The use of this inf. is esp. common in Lk and Paul, less freq. in Mt and Mk, quite rare in other writers. The gen. stands
    א. dependent on words that govern the gen.: ἄξιον 1 Cor 16:4 (s. ἄξιος 1c). ἐξαπορηθῆναι τοῦ ζῆν 2 Cor 1:8. ἔλαχε τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι Lk 1:9 (cp. 1 Km 14:47 v.l. Σαοὺλ ἔλαχεν τοῦ βασιλεύειν).
    ב. dependent on a noun (B-D-F §400, 1; Rob. 1066f) ὁ χρόνος τοῦ τεκεῖν Lk 1:57. ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 2:6. ἐξουσία τοῦ πατεῖν 10:19. εὐκαιρία τοῦ παραδοῦναι 22:6. ἐλπὶς τοῦ σῴζεσθαι Ac 27:20; τοῦ μετέχειν 1 Cor 9:10. ἐπιποθία τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:23. χρείαν ἔχειν τοῦ διδάσκειν Hb 5:12. καιρὸς τοῦ ἄρξασθαι 1 Pt 4:17. τ. ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι the power that enables him Phil 3:21. ἡ προθυμία τοῦ θέλειν zeal in desiring 2 Cor 8:11.
    ג. Somet. the connection w. the noun is very loose, and the transition to the consecutive sense (=result) is unmistakable (B-D-F §400, 2; Rob. 1066f): ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν Lk 2:21. ὀφειλέται … τοῦ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆν Ro 8:12. εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι 1:24. ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν 11:8. τὴν ἔκβασιν τοῦ δύνασθαι ὑπενεγκεῖν 1 Cor 10:13.
    ד. Verbs of hindering, ceasing take the inf. w. τοῦ μή (s. Schwyzer II 372 for earlier Gk; PGen 16, 23 [207 A.D.] κωλύοντες τοῦ μὴ σπείρειν; LXX; ParJer 2:5 φύλαξαι τοῦ μὴ σχίσαι τὰ ἱμάτιά σου): καταπαύειν Ac 14:18. κατέχειν Lk 4:42. κρατεῖσθαι 24:16. κωλύειν Ac 10:47. παύειν 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:14). ὑποστέλλεσθαι Ac 20:20, 27. Without μή: ἐγκόπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:22.
    ה. The gen. of the inf. comes after verbs of deciding, exhorting, commanding, etc. (1 Ch 19:19; ParJer 7:37 διδάσκων αὐτοὺ τοῦ ἀπέχεσθαι) ἐγένετο γνώμης Ac 20:3. ἐντέλλεσθαι Lk 4:10 (Ps 90:11). ἐπιστέλλειν Ac 15:20. κατανεύειν Lk 5:7. κρίνειν Ac 27:1. παρακαλεῖν 21:12. προσεύχεσθαι Js 5:17. τὸ πρόσωπον στηρίζειν Lk 9:51. συντίθεσθαι Ac 23:20.
    ו. The inf. w. τοῦ and τοῦ μή plainly has final (=purpose) sense (ParJer 5:2 ἐκάθισεν … τοῦ ἀναπαῆναι ὀλίγον; Soph., Lex. I 45f; B-D-F §400, 5 w. exx. fr. non-bibl. lit. and pap; Rob. 1067): ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων τοῦ σπείρειν a sower went out to sow Mt 13:3. ζητεῖν τοῦ ἀπολέσαι = ἵνα ἀπολέσῃ 2:13. τοῦ δοῦναι γνῶσιν Lk 1:77. τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας vs. 79. τοῦ σινιάσαι 22:31. τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν Ro 6:6. τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτά Gal 3:10. τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτόν Phil 3:10. Cp. Mt 3:13; 11:1; 24:45; Lk 2:24, 27; 8:5; 24:29; Ac 3:2; 20:30; 26:18; Hb 10:7 (Ps 39:9); 11:5; GJs 2:3f; 24:1.—The apparently solecistic τοῦ πολεμῆσαι Ro 12:7 bears a Semitic tinge, cp. Hos 9:13 et al. (Mussies 96).—The combination can also express
    ז. consecutive mng. (result): οὐδὲ μετεμελήθητε τοῦ πιστεῦσαι αὐτῷ you did not change your minds and believe him Mt 21:32. τοῦ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν μοιχαλίδα Ro 7:3. τοῦ ποιεῖν τὰ βρέφη ἔκθετα Ac 7:19. Cp. 3:12; 10:25.
    ⓔ The art. is used w. prepositional expressions (Artem. 4, 33 p. 224, 7 ὁ ἐν Περγάμῳ; 4, 36 ὁ ἐν Μαγνησίᾳ; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010 recto, 8–12] οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις … οἱ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι καὶ μετεώροις; Tat. 31, 2 οἱ μὲν περὶ Κράτητα … οἱ δὲ περὶ Ἐρατοσθένη) τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἐν Κεγχρεαῖς Ro 16:1. ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ταῖς ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ Rv 1:4. τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν (w. place name) ἐκκλησίας 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14 (on these pass. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 42–45). τοῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ to those in the house Mt 5:15. πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς 6:9. οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας Hb 13:24. οἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Ro 8:1. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22. οἱ ἐξ εὐωνύμων Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον … τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; cp. 9:13. On 1:4 s. ref in B-D-F §136, 1 to restoration by Nestle. οἱ παρʼ αὐτοῦ Mk 3:21. οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ Mt 12:3. οἱ περὶ αὐτόν Mk 4:10; Lk 22:49 al.—Neut. τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου pieces of wreckage fr. the ship Ac 27:44 (difft. FZorell, BZ 9, 1911, 159f). τὰ περί τινος Lk 24:19, 27; Ac 24:10; Phil 1:27 (Tat. 32, 2 τὰ περὶ θεοῦ). τὰ περί τινα 2:23. τὰ κατʼ ἐμέ my circumstances Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον what (was to be done) according to the law Lk 2:39. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν Ro 12:18. τὰ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 15:17; Hb 2:17; 5:1 (X., Resp. Lac. 13, 11 ἱερεῖ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεούς, στρατηγῷ δὲ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους). τὰ παρʼ αὐτῶν Lk 10:7. τὸ ἐν ἐμοί the (child) in me GJs 12:2 al.
    ⓕ w. an adv. or adverbial expr. (1 Macc 8:3) τὸ ἔμπροσθεν Lk 19:4. τὸ ἔξωθεν Mt 23:25. τὸ πέραν Mt 8:18, 28. τὰ ἄνω J 8:23; Col 3:1f. τὰ κάτω J 8:23. τὰ ὀπίσω Mk 13:16. τὰ ὧδε matters here Col 4:9. ὁ πλησίον the neighbor Mt 5:43. οἱ καθεξῆς Ac 3:24. τὸ κατὰ σάρκα Ro 9:5. τὸ ἐκ μέρους 1 Cor 13:10.—Esp. w. indications of time τό, τὰ νῦν s. νῦν 2b. τὸ πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2. τὸ λοιπόν 1 Cor 7:29; Phil 3:1. τὸ πρῶτον J 10:40; 12:16; 19:39. τὸ πρότερον 6:62; Gal 4:13. τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν daily Lk 11:3.—τὸ πλεῖστον at the most 1 Cor 14:27.
    ⓖ The art. w. the gen. foll. denotes a relation of kinship, ownership, or dependence: Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου Mt 10:2 (Thu. 4, 104 Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου [sc. υἱός]; Plut., Timol. 3, 2; Appian, Syr. 26 §123 Σέλευκος ὁ Ἀντιόχου; Jos., Bell. 5, 5; 11). Μαρία ἡ Ἰακώβου Lk 24:10. ἡ τοῦ Οὐρίου the wife of Uriah Mt 1:6. οἱ Χλόης Chloë’s people 1 Cor 1:11. οἱ Ἀριστοβούλου, οἱ Ναρκίσσου Ro 16:10f. οἱ αὐτοῦ Ac 16:33. οἱ τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Cor 15:23; Gal 5:24. Καισάρεια ἡ Φιλίππου Caesarea Philippi i.e. the city of Philip Mk 8:27.—τό, τά τινος someone’s things, affairs, circumstances (Thu. 4, 83 τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου; Parthenius 1, 6; Appian, Syr. 16 §67 τὰ Ῥωμαίων) τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, τῶν ἀνθρώπων Mt 16:23; 22:21; Mk 8:33; cp. 1 Cor 2:11. τὰ τῆς σαρκός, τοῦ πνεύματος Ro 8:5; cp. 14:19; 1 Cor 7:33f; 13:11. τὰ ὑμῶν 2 Cor 12:14. τὰ τῆς ἀσθενείας μου 11:30. τὰ τοῦ νόμου what the law requires Ro 2:14. τὸ τῆς συκῆς what has been done to the fig tree Mt 21:21; cp. 8:33. τὰ ἑαυτῆς its own advantage 1 Cor 13:5; cp. Phil 2:4, 21. τὸ τῆς παροιμίας what the proverb says 2 Pt 2:22 (Pla., Theaet. 183e τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου; Menand., Dyscolus 633 τὸ τοῦ λόγου). ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house (so Field, Notes 50–56; Goodsp. Probs. 81–83; difft., ‘interests’, PTemple, CBQ 1, ’39, 342–52.—In contrast to the other synoptists, Luke does not elsewhere show Jesus ‘at home’.) Lk 2:49 (Lysias 12, 12 εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ; Theocr. 2, 76 τὰ Λύκωνος; pap in Mayser II [1926] p. 8; POxy 523, 3 [II A.D.] an invitation to a dinner ἐν τοῖς Κλαυδίου Σαραπίωνος; PTebt 316 II, 23 [99 A.D.] ἐν τοῖς Ποτάμωνος; Esth 7:9; Job 18:19; Jos., Ant. 16, 302. Of the temple of a god Jos., C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός). Mt 20:15 is classified here by WHatch, ATR 26, ’44, 250–53; s. also ἐμός b.
    ⓗ The neut. of the art. stands
    α. before whole sentences or clauses (Epict. 4, 1, 45 τὸ Καίσαρος μὴ εἶναι φίλον; Prov. Aesopi 100 P. τὸ Οὐκ οἶδα; Jos., Ant. 10, 205; Just., D. 33, 2 τὸ γὰρ … [Ps 109:4]) τὸ Οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις κτλ. (quot. fr. the Decalogue) Mt 19:18; Ro 13:9. τὸ Καὶ μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη (quot. fr. Is 53:12) Lk 22:37. Cp. Gal 5:14. τὸ Εἰ δύνῃ as far as your words ‘If you can’ are concerned Mk 9:23. Likew. before indirect questions (Vett. Val. 291, 14 τὸ πῶς τέτακται; Ael. Aristid. 45, 15 K. τὸ ὅστις ἐστίν; ParJer 6:15 τὸ πῶς ἀποστείλης; GrBar 8:6 τὸ πῶς ἐταπεινώθη; Jos., Ant. 20, 28 ἐπὶ πείρᾳ τοῦ τί φρονοῖεν; Pel.-Leg. p. 20, 32 τὸ τί γένηται; Mel., Fgm. 8, 2 [Goodsp. p. 311] τὸ δὲ πῶς λούονται) τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό Lk 1:62. τὸ τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν 9:46. τὸ πῶς δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν 1 Th 4:1. Cp. Lk 19:48; 22:2, 4, 23f; Ac 4:21; 22:30; Ro 8:26; Hs 8, 1, 4.
    β. before single words which are taken fr. what precedes and hence are quoted, as it were (Epict. 1, 29, 16 τὸ Σωκράτης; 3, 23, 24; Hierocles 13 p. 448 ἐν τῷ μηδείς) τὸ ‘ἀνέβη’ Eph 4:9. τὸ ‘ἔτι ἅπαξ’ Hb 12:27. τὸ ‘Ἁγάρ’ Gal 4:25.
    ⓘ Other notable uses of the art. are
    α. the elliptic use, which leaves a part of a sentence accompanied by the art. to be completed fr. the context: ὁ τὰ δύο the man with the two (talents), i.e. ὁ τὰ δύο τάλαντα λαβών Mt 25:17; cp. vs. 22. τῷ τὸν φόρον Ro 13:7. ὁ τὸ πολύ, ὀλίγον the man who had much, little 2 Cor 8:15 after Ex 16:18 (cp. Lucian, Bis Accus. 9 ὁ τὴν σύριγγα [sc. ἔχων]; Arrian, Anab. 7, 8, 3 τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ [sc. ὁδόν]).
    β. Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9; s. καί 2h.
    γ. the fem. art. is found in a quite singular usage ἡ οὐαί (ἡ θλῖψις or ἡ πληγή) Rv 9:12; 11:14. Sim. ὁ Ἀμήν 3:14 (here the masc. art. is evidently chosen because of the alternate name for Jesus).
    ⓙ One art. can refer to several nouns connected by καί
    α. when various words, sing. or pl., are brought close together by a common art.: τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς Mt 2:4; cp. 16:21; Mk 15:1. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις κ. ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44. τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ καὶ Σαμαρείᾳ Ac 1:8; cp. 8:1; Lk 5:17 al.—Even nouns of different gender can be united in this way (Aristoph., Eccl. 750; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 12 p. 37a οἱ δύο θεοί, of Apollo and Artemis; Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. c. 292; PTebt 14, 10 [114 B.C.]; En 18:14; EpArist 109) κατὰ τὰ ἐντάλματα καὶ διδασκαλίας Col 2:22. Cp. Lk 1:6. εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς καὶ φραγμούς 14:23.
    β. when one and the same person has more than one attribute applied to him: πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν J 20:17. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Ro 15:6; 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; 1 Pt 1:3. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ (ἡμῶν) Eph 5:20; Phil 4:20; 1 Th 1:3; 3:11, 13. Of Christ: τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος 2 Pt 1:11; cp. 2:20; 3:18. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Tit 2:13 (PGrenf II, 15 I, 6 [139 B.C.] of the deified King Ptolemy τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ εὐεργέτου καὶ σωτῆρος [ἐπιφανοῦς] εὐχαρίστου).
    γ. On the other hand, the art. is repeated when two different persons are named: ὁ φυτεύων καὶ ὁ ποτίζων 1 Cor 3:8. ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὁ ἡγεμών Ac 26:30.
    ⓚ In a fixed expression, when a noun in the gen. is dependent on another noun, the art. customarily appears twice or not at all: τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 3:16; πνεῦμα θεοῦ Ro 8:9. ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cor 2:17; λόγος θεοῦ 1 Th 2:13. ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου 2 Th 2:2; ἡμ. κ. 1 Th 5:2. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου Mt 8:20; υἱ. ἀ. Hb 2:6. ἡ ἀνάστασις τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 22:31; ἀ. ν. Ac 23:6. ἡ κοιλία τῆς μητρός J 3:4; κ. μ. Mt 19:12.—APerry, JBL 68, ’49, 329–34; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 93–95.—DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὁ

  • 62 анализ

    analysis, examination, test
    • Безо всякого анализа легко можно видеть, что... - It is easily seen without analysis that...
    • Безусловно, что без дальнейшего анализа мы не можем... - Without further analysis we cannot, of course,...
    • Более тонкий анализ показывает, что... - A more sophisticated analysis shows that...
    • Более тонкий анализ также возможен. - A more subtle analysis is also possible.
    • Было бы интересно посмотреть исчерпывающий анализ... - It would be interesting to see a thorough analysis of...
    • Анализ проводится для ответа на следующие вопросы. - The analysis seeks to answer the following questions.
    • Анализ этих уравнений показывает, что... - Inspection of these equations shows that...
    • В оставшейся части нашего анализа мы будем предполагать, что... - We shall assume for the remainder of this analysis that...
    • Дальнейший анализ затруднен тем обстоятельством, что... - The analysis is further complicated by the fact that...
    • Данный анализ можно расширить, чтобы включить... - The analysis may be extended to include...
    • Из анализа соотношения (1) очевидным образом следует, что... - It is evident from inspection of (1) that...
    • Из предыдущего анализа можно сделать два общих заключения. - Two broad conclusions can be drawn from the above analysis.
    • По данным своего анализа он заключил (= вывел), что... - Не concludes from his analysis that...
    • Имеются три серьезных трудности, возникающих при анализе... - There are three important complications which arise in the analysis of...
    • Количественный анализ этих результатов показывает, что... - A quantitative analysis of these results shows that...
    • Наш анализ остается справедливым до тех пор, пока не... - Our analysis remains valid until...
    • Несколько методов анализа были введены с помощью... - Several methods of analysis are introduced by means of...
    • Метод анализа, намеченный в предыдущем абзаце, показывает... - The method of analysis outlined in the last paragraph shows...
    • Метод предназначается для того, чтобы обеспечить реалистичный анализ... - The method is intended to provide a realistic analysis of...
    • Мы будем избегать подробного анализа (чего-л)... - We will avoid a detailed analysis of...
    • Мы заключаем этот параграф кратким анализом... - We conclude this section with a brief analysis of...
    • Однако во многих случаях анализ не удается, поскольку... - In many cases, however, the analysis breaks down because...
    • Однако следует попробовать провести такой анализ с целью... - But such an analysis has to be attempted in order to...
    • Основываясь на этом анализе, мы должны ожидать... - On the basis of this analysis we. should expect...
    • Первый анализ, который был проведен Смитом [1], основывался на... - The first analysis, by Smith [1], was based on...
    • Предшествующий анализ был выполнен без... - The previous analysis has been carried out without reference to...
    (
    чем-л)... - The foregoing analysis is not restricted to...
    • Прежде чем продолжить этот анализ, полезно... - Before proceeding with this analysis, it is useful to...
    • При окончательном анализе... - In the final analysis,...
    • Проведенный анализ оказывается вполне справедлив для... - The analysis we have given is found to be reasonably valid for...
    • Проделывая совершенно аналогичный анализ,... - By a precisely similar analysis,...
    • Подобный анализ можно выполнить для... - A similar analysis may be performed for...
    • С целью анализа мы предположим... - For purposes of analysis we shall assume...
    • Соответствующий анализ можно применить в/к... - A corresponding analysis can be applied to...
    • Соответствующим анализом можно (показать и т. п.)... - By a proper analysis it is possible to...
    • Строгий анализ становится значительно более трудным, когда... - A rigorous analysis becomes much more difficult when...
    • Тот же анализ был применен к... - The same analysis has also been applied to...
    • Читатель может заметить близкое сходство между этим анализом и... - The reader may notice a close similarity between this analysis and...
    • Это станет очевидно после анализа рисунков. - This will be obvious from a study of the figures.
    • Этот анализ зависит от того (факта), что... - This analysis depends on the fact that...
    • Этот анализ не оставляет сомнения относительно... - These analyses leave no doubt about...
    • Этот анализ придает новое освещение ( чему-л). - This analysis sheds new light on...
    • Этот анализ существенно упрощается... - The analysis is greatly simplified by...
    • Этот вид анализа существенен, когда... - This sort of consideration is significant when...
    • Этот метод анализа особенно важен, потому что... - This method of analysis is particularly important because...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > анализ

  • 63 использовать

    (= воспользоваться, применять, см. также использоваться) make use of, exploit, utilize, use, employ
    • Альтернативный подход использует такие понятия, как... - The alternative approach uses notions such as...
    • Безусловно это можно использовать лишь в случае, если... - Of course this applies only if...
    • Более успешный подход заключался в том, чтобы использовать... - A more successful approach has been to use...
    • Будет полезно использовать условия, при которых... - It will be useful to explore the circumstances under which...
    • В данном случае можно использовать другой подход. - In this case a different approach can be used.
    • В обозначениях, которые мы теперь используем, это означает, что... - In our present notation this means that...
    • В следующем примере мы используем этот метод, чтобы определить... - In the following examples we use this method to determine...
    • Давайте использовать это решение, чтобы получить... - Let us use this solution to obtain...
    • Далее мы не будем это использовать. - We shall make no further use of this.
    • Данное доказательство использует метод математической индукции по п. - The proof is by induction on n.
    • Данные результаты могут быть использованы для проверки численного решения. - These results provide a useful check on numerical solutions.
    • Для нашего доказательства удобно использовать... - For our proof it is convenient to use...
    • Для удобства мы будем часто использовать более простое обозначение... - For convenience, we will often use the simpler notation...
    • Если мы используем результат (7), то видим, что... - If we make use of the result (7) we see that...
    • Желая использовать соотношение (14), мы заметим, что... - Wishing to exploit (14), we note that...
    • Заметьте, что мы использовали (здесь) только... - Note that we have only used...
    • Иногда бывает удобно использовать соотношения вида... - It is sometimes convenient to use relations of the form...
    • Можно использовать любое выражение в зависимости от... - Either expression can be used, depending on whether...
    • Мы будем использовать это решение, чтобы построить... - We shall use this solution to construct...
    • Мы будем очень часто использовать... - Extensive use will be made of...
    • Мы хотим использовать данную тестовую систему, чтобы определить... - We wish to use this test system to determine...
    • Мы использовали это в качестве отправного пункта нашего исследования. - We have taken this as a starting point for our investigation.
    • Мы используем обычные договоренности о... - We make use of common conventions on...
    • Мы используем эти факты несколько позднее. - We shall exploit these facts at a later stage. '
    • Мы используем этот результат (в, для)... - We shall apply this result to...
    • Мы используем этот факт позже (= в дальнейшем). - We shall make use of this fact later.
    • Мы можем использовать преимущество, предоставляемое этим фактом, чтобы... - We can take advantage of this fact to...
    • Мы можем использовать эти же свойства, чтобы определить... - We can use these same properties to define...
    • Мы можем использовать этот результат, чтобы определить (= ввести)... - We can use this result to define...
    • Мы можем также использовать здесь концепцию... - We may also apply the concept of...
    • Мы продолжим использовать... - We shall continue to use...
    • Мы также используем (благоприятную) возможность (поблагодарить, отметить и т. п.) (= Пользуясь возможностью, мы благодарим)... - We also take the opportunity to...
    • Мы уже многократно использовали (формулу, метод и т. п.)... - We have made extensive use of...
    • Мы часто используем обозначения а, аr для... - We frequently use a, аr to denote...
    • Некоторые авторы предпочли использовать... - Some authors have preferred to use...
    • Одна элегантная версия данного метода использует... - An elegant version of this method employs...
    • Однако здесь мы предпочитаем использовать... - Неге we prefer, however, to employ...
    • Однако некоторые авторы успешно использовали... - However, some authors have successfully used...
    • Однако разумно использовать тот факт, что... - But the sensible thing is to use the fact that...
    • Описанный выше метод может быть использован для построения... - The procedure described above can be used to construct...
    • Перед тем как начать использовать эту концепцию, честно предупредим читателя, что... - Before we make use of this concept, it is only fair to warn the reader that...
    • Перед тем как использовать его (метода) преимущество, мы должны... - Before taking advantage of this, we must...
    • Подобное рассуждение можно использовать, когда... - A similar argument can be used when...
    • При этих условиях мы по-прежнему можем использовать... - Under these circumstances we may still use...
    • Развивая данную теорию, мы будем существенно использовать... - In developing the theory we shall make considerable use of...
    • Разработчики использовали различные подходы для получения... - Designers have used various approaches in arriving at...
    • С этой целью мы будем использовать... - For this purpose, we shall use...
    • Теорема может быть использована для нахождения... - This theorem can be used to find all solutions of...
    • Теперь мы (полностью) готовы использовать методы, разработанные во втором параграфе. - We are now ready to use the methods of Section 2.
    • Читатель увидит, как можно использовать высшую математику в... - The reader will see how ordinary calculus can be applied to...
    • Чтобы..., мы используем качественные рассуждения. - We shall use a qualitative argument to...
    • Чтобы использовать компьютер в данном процессе... - То computerize the process,...
    • Чтобы проделать это, мы используем тот факт, что... - То do this, we make use of the fact that...
    • Эйнштейн использовал точно те же самые идеи в... - Einstein applied precisely the same ideas to...
    • Эта идея уже была использована Смитом [1], который предлагает... - This idea has been exploited by Smith [1], who suggests that...
    • Эта точка зрения была интенсивно использована Смитом [1]. - This viewpoint has been used extensively by Smith [1].
    • Эти результаты можно использовать, чтобы установить... - These results can be used to establish...
    • Это позволяет нам использовать (метод и т. п.)... - This allows us to make use of...
    • Это рассуждение подобно тому, что было использовано для установления... - The argument is similar to that used to establish...
    • Это свойство может быть использовано для вывода... - This property can be used to derive...
    • Это уравнение может быть использовано для вычисления амплитуды... - This equation can be used to calculate the magnitude of...
    • Этот результат можно использовать без опасений, только если... - It is safe to use this result only if...
    • Эту теорию можно использовать только тогда, когда... - This theory is applicable only when...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > использовать

  • 64 actual

    adj.
    1 present, current.
    el actual alcalde the present o current mayor
    las tendencias actuales de la moda current fashion trends
    el actual campeón del mundo the current o reigning world champion
    2 modern, present-day.
    tiene un diseño muy actual it has a very modern o up-to-date design
    3 topical.
    un tema muy actual a very topical issue
    4 indisputable, factual, undeniable.
    * * *
    1 present, current
    2 (actualizado) up-to-date
    1 formal this month
    * * *
    adj.
    1) current, present
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=de ahora) [situación, sistema, gobernante] current, present; [sociedad] contemporary, present-day; [moda] current, modern

    el actual campeón de Europa — the reigning o current o present European champion

    la actual literatura francesa — French literature today, present-day French literature

    2) (=de actualidad) [cuestión, tema] topical
    3) (=moderno) up-to-date, fashionable

    emplean las técnicas más actuales — they use the most up-to-date o up-to-the-minute techniques, they use the latest techniques

    * * *
    adjetivo present, current

    el actual campeón — the current o reigning champion

    en el mundo actual — in the modern world, in today's world

    su carta del 20 del actual — (Corresp) your letter of the 20th of this month

    * * *
    = alive, current, modern day, present, present-day, timely, fast-breaking, updated [up-dated].
    Ex. Armstrong Sperry's 'Call It Courage' is now some years old but still to my mind an attractive and alive book.
    Ex. Current trends favour cataloguing practices which can be applied to a variety of library materials.
    Ex. In practice modern day catalogue codes are concerned primarily with description and author headings.
    Ex. We are going to use the data elements defined in the present document as a base from which to begin.
    Ex. The National Archives must cooperate with agencies involved in federal geoscience to communicate clear records disposition instructions to present-day federal geoscientists.
    Ex. I believe that the issues brought forth and debated in the following papers and discussions are as timely today as they were when the institutes were first held.
    Ex. Monitors tuned to television news may have to be located in areas that are less than accommodating to the large numbers of users who want to know the fast-breaking events which affect us all.
    Ex. Libraries can obtain updated cataloguing through special customised services, but at prohibitively high cost.
    ----
    * actual campeón, el = defending champion.
    * contexto actual, el = scheme of things, the.
    * dejar de ser actual = date.
    * en el clima actual de = in the present climate of.
    * en términos actuales = in today's terms.
    * estatus actual = current status.
    * informe sobre la situación actual = state of the art report.
    * líder actual, el = defending champion.
    * no actual = non-current.
    * número actual = current issue.
    * pasado actual, el = living past, the.
    * situación actual = current situation, current status.
    * situación actual, la = scheme of things, the.
    * tendencia actual = current trend.
    * * *
    adjetivo present, current

    el actual campeón — the current o reigning champion

    en el mundo actual — in the modern world, in today's world

    su carta del 20 del actual — (Corresp) your letter of the 20th of this month

    * * *
    = alive, current, modern day, present, present-day, timely, fast-breaking, updated [up-dated].

    Ex: Armstrong Sperry's 'Call It Courage' is now some years old but still to my mind an attractive and alive book.

    Ex: Current trends favour cataloguing practices which can be applied to a variety of library materials.
    Ex: In practice modern day catalogue codes are concerned primarily with description and author headings.
    Ex: We are going to use the data elements defined in the present document as a base from which to begin.
    Ex: The National Archives must cooperate with agencies involved in federal geoscience to communicate clear records disposition instructions to present-day federal geoscientists.
    Ex: I believe that the issues brought forth and debated in the following papers and discussions are as timely today as they were when the institutes were first held.
    Ex: Monitors tuned to television news may have to be located in areas that are less than accommodating to the large numbers of users who want to know the fast-breaking events which affect us all.
    Ex: Libraries can obtain updated cataloguing through special customised services, but at prohibitively high cost.
    * actual campeón, el = defending champion.
    * contexto actual, el = scheme of things, the.
    * dejar de ser actual = date.
    * en el clima actual de = in the present climate of.
    * en términos actuales = in today's terms.
    * estatus actual = current status.
    * informe sobre la situación actual = state of the art report.
    * líder actual, el = defending champion.
    * no actual = non-current.
    * número actual = current issue.
    * pasado actual, el = living past, the.
    * situación actual = current situation, current status.
    * situación actual, la = scheme of things, the.
    * tendencia actual = current trend.

    * * *
    present
    el actual primer ministro the present prime minister, the incumbent prime minister ( frml)
    el actual campeón the current o present o reigning champion
    en las circunstancias actuales in the present circumstances
    la acción transcurre en el Chile actual the action takes place in present-day Chile
    en el mundo actual in the modern world, in today's world
    datos del actual ejercicio data for the current o present financial year
    una moda actual para la mujer moderna an up-to-the-minute fashion for the modern woman
    la legislación actual the current o present legislation
    su carta del 20 del actual ( Corresp) your letter of the 20th of this month, your letter of the 20th inst. ( frml)
    * * *

     

    actual adjetivo ‹ley/situación/dirección› present, current;

    en el mundo actual in the modern world, in today's world
    actual adjetivo
    1 current, present
    el actual presidente del Gobierno, the current president of the Government
    2 (que está al día, moderno) up-to-date
    un diseño muy actual, a very up-to date design ➣ Ver nota en actual

    ' actual' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    corriente
    - desvirtuar
    - dimanar
    - estar
    - hoy
    - real
    - mantener
    - material
    - moderno
    - presente
    English:
    actual
    - arms race
    - assessment
    - current
    - defending champion
    - euro
    - existent
    - existing
    - ongoing
    - present
    - present-day
    - record holder
    - reigning
    - contemporary
    - defending
    - full
    - real
    - reign
    - topical
    - true
    - very
    - wage
    * * *
    actual adj
    1. [del momento presente] present, current;
    las tendencias actuales de la moda current fashion trends;
    el actual alcalde de la ciudad the city's present o current mayor;
    el actual campeón del mundo the current o reigning world champion;
    el seis del actual the sixth of this month
    2. [de moda] modern, up-to-date;
    tiene un diseño muy actual it has a very modern o up-to-date design
    3. [de interés] topical;
    el desempleo es un tema muy actual unemployment is a very topical issue
    * * *
    adj
    1 present, current
    2
    :
    un tema muy actual a very topical issue
    * * *
    actual adj
    presente: present, current
    * * *
    actual adj
    1. (presente) present / current
    2. (de moda) up to date

    Spanish-English dictionary > actual

  • 65 asignatura optativa

    f.
    elective subject, option subject.
    * * *
    (n.) = optional subject, subsidiary subject, elective course
    Ex. Apart from the basic course shared by all students, which includes library organisation and reference work, the students choose an optional subject from each of the 3 groups.
    Ex. They must also choose one of 4 subsidiary subjects: advanced archive administration, music, Russian, and applied computer science.
    Ex. Having devoted herself to medical librarianship in her elective courses, she hoped when she received her degree to put her knowledge to work at a university medical school.
    * * *
    (n.) = optional subject, subsidiary subject, elective course

    Ex: Apart from the basic course shared by all students, which includes library organisation and reference work, the students choose an optional subject from each of the 3 groups.

    Ex: They must also choose one of 4 subsidiary subjects: advanced archive administration, music, Russian, and applied computer science.
    Ex: Having devoted herself to medical librarianship in her elective courses, she hoped when she received her degree to put her knowledge to work at a university medical school.

    * * *
    elective o
    optional subject

    Spanish-English dictionary > asignatura optativa

  • 66 brillante

    adj.
    1 shining (reluciente) (luz, astro).
    2 brilliant.
    el pianista estuvo brillante the pianist was outstanding
    m.
    diamond.
    * * *
    1 (extraordinario) brilliant
    2 (pelo, metal, zapatos) shiny; (ojos) sparkling; (luz, color) bright; (pintura) gloss
    1 (diamante) diamond
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. adj.
    bright, brilliant, shiny
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=reluciente) [luz, sol, color] [gen] bright; [muy fuerte] brilliant; [superficie pulida] shiny; [pelo] glossy, shiny; [joyas, lentejuelas] sparkling, glittering

    un estampado amarillo brillante — a bright o brilliant yellow pattern

    ¡qué brillante ha quedado el suelo! — the floor is really shiny now!

    2) (=excelente) brilliant
    2.
    SM diamond, brilliant
    * * *
    I
    a) <luz/estrella/color> bright; <zapatos/metal/pelo> shiny; < pintura> gloss (before n); < papel> shiny, glossy
    b) <escritor/porvenir> brilliant
    II
    a) ( diamante) diamond
    b) brillantes masculino plural (Arg) ( polvo brillante) glitter
    * * *
    = brilliant, glistening, glossy [glossier -comp., glossiest -sup.], dashing, shimmering, gleaming, sparkling, shiny [shinier -comp., shiniest -sup.], bright [brighter -comp., brightest -sup.], glittering, twinkling, shining, flashing, bravura, blazing, sparkly.
    Ex. This conference has been blessed with the presence of the brilliant mind of Seymour Lubetzky.
    Ex. Peter was trying to convince himself that it wasn't his fault as he navigated the glistening slippery streets.
    Ex. The master has a glossy side coated with kaolin and an uncoated reverse side.
    Ex. Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.
    Ex. Astounded and frightened by those shimmering tears, Leforte repeated her questions: 'Bernice... Please... Is anything wrong? Can I help?'.
    Ex. The reader is like her: he sits watching the diverse pageant of human thought and human feeling passing across the gleaming mirror of literature.
    Ex. She looked at them it with sparkling eyes, as though the problem was now solved.
    Ex. Art paper (the shiny paper used for printing fine-screen half-tones from the 1880s) had a coating of china clay applied in a special machine to one or both sides of a web of body paper.
    Ex. The openness of the now accessible stacks is emphasised by use of glass and bright colours.
    Ex. The article 'The glittering prizes' likens book prizes to a contemporary form of patronage.
    Ex. The menu has a variety of embellishments such as twinkling stars or a message board.
    Ex. When the market for shining victorias and handy runabouts was climaxed by the building of 'horseless carriages,' and tax benefits and lower wages lured mill owners south, thousands emigrated westward.
    Ex. Errors are indicated by a flashing light and the repositioning of the cursor at the item in error.
    Ex. She emphasizes Colette's extraordinary character: her bravura, pragmatism, insouciance, resistance to conventions and, above all, appetite.
    Ex. Marie-Nicole Lemieux in the title role provides a blazing star performance.
    Ex. Basically, it's a piece of embroidered fabric to which is added fringe, tassels, and sparkly things.
    ----
    * con ojos brillantes = bright-eyed.
    * ejecución brillante = bravura performance.
    * * *
    I
    a) <luz/estrella/color> bright; <zapatos/metal/pelo> shiny; < pintura> gloss (before n); < papel> shiny, glossy
    b) <escritor/porvenir> brilliant
    II
    a) ( diamante) diamond
    b) brillantes masculino plural (Arg) ( polvo brillante) glitter
    * * *
    = brilliant, glistening, glossy [glossier -comp., glossiest -sup.], dashing, shimmering, gleaming, sparkling, shiny [shinier -comp., shiniest -sup.], bright [brighter -comp., brightest -sup.], glittering, twinkling, shining, flashing, bravura, blazing, sparkly.

    Ex: This conference has been blessed with the presence of the brilliant mind of Seymour Lubetzky.

    Ex: Peter was trying to convince himself that it wasn't his fault as he navigated the glistening slippery streets.
    Ex: The master has a glossy side coated with kaolin and an uncoated reverse side.
    Ex: Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.
    Ex: Astounded and frightened by those shimmering tears, Leforte repeated her questions: 'Bernice... Please... Is anything wrong? Can I help?'.
    Ex: The reader is like her: he sits watching the diverse pageant of human thought and human feeling passing across the gleaming mirror of literature.
    Ex: She looked at them it with sparkling eyes, as though the problem was now solved.
    Ex: Art paper (the shiny paper used for printing fine-screen half-tones from the 1880s) had a coating of china clay applied in a special machine to one or both sides of a web of body paper.
    Ex: The openness of the now accessible stacks is emphasised by use of glass and bright colours.
    Ex: The article 'The glittering prizes' likens book prizes to a contemporary form of patronage.
    Ex: The menu has a variety of embellishments such as twinkling stars or a message board.
    Ex: When the market for shining victorias and handy runabouts was climaxed by the building of 'horseless carriages,' and tax benefits and lower wages lured mill owners south, thousands emigrated westward.
    Ex: Errors are indicated by a flashing light and the repositioning of the cursor at the item in error.
    Ex: She emphasizes Colette's extraordinary character: her bravura, pragmatism, insouciance, resistance to conventions and, above all, appetite.
    Ex: Marie-Nicole Lemieux in the title role provides a blazing star performance.
    Ex: Basically, it's a piece of embroidered fabric to which is added fringe, tassels, and sparkly things.
    * con ojos brillantes = bright-eyed.
    * ejecución brillante = bravura performance.

    * * *
    1 ‹luz/estrella/color› bright; ‹zapatos/metal/pelo› shiny; ‹pintura› gloss ( before n); ‹papel› shiny, glossy
    tenía la platería brillante she kept the silverware gleaming
    son de un color azul brillante they're bright blue
    tenía los ojos brillantes de fiebre her eyes were bright with fever
    sus brillantes ojos azules his sparkling o bright blue eyes
    el fregadero está brillante de limpio the sink is sparkling clean
    tiene el suelo brillante the floor's shining
    una tela brillante material with a sheen
    2 ‹escritor/discurso/porvenir› brilliant
    1 (diamante) diamond
    un anillo de brillantes a diamond ring
    * * *

     

    brillante adjetivo
    a) ‹luz/estrella/color› bright;

    ‹zapatos/metal/pelo› shiny;
    ‹ pintura› gloss ( before n);
    ‹ papel› glossy;
    ‹ tela› with a sheen
    b) ‹escritor/porvenir› brilliant;

    ‹ mente› great;

    ■ sustantivo masculino ( diamante) diamond;

    brillante
    I adjetivo
    1 (un color, una persona, un objeto) brilliant: su conferencia fue absolutamente brillante, his talk was absolutely brillant
    2 (un suelo, una superficie) gleaming
    II sustantivo masculino diamond

    ' brillante' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    consumada
    - consumado
    - distinguirse
    - impracticable
    - lustrosa
    - lustroso
    - nublar
    - viva
    - vivo
    - destellar
    - destello
    - engarzar
    - lumbrera
    - radiante
    - trayectoria
    English:
    blind
    - bright
    - brilliant
    - gleaming
    - gloss
    - glossy
    - glowing
    - polished
    - rock
    - scintillating
    - shining
    - shiny
    - sparkling
    - strong
    - vibrant
    - brighten
    - diamond
    - flash
    - sleek
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [reluciente] [luz, astro] shining;
    [metal, zapatos, pelo] shiny; [ojos, sonrisa, diamante] sparkling
    2. [magnífico] brilliant;
    el pianista estuvo brillante the pianist was outstanding;
    el joven escritor tiene un futuro brillante the young writer has a brilliant future ahead of him
    ♦ nm
    diamond, Espec brilliant
    * * *
    I adj
    1 ( luminoso) bright
    2 fig
    brilliant
    II m diamond
    * * *
    : brilliant, bright
    diamante: diamond
    * * *
    brillante1 adj
    1. (luz, color) bright
    2. (coche, pelo, superficie) shiny [comp. shinier; superl. shiniest]
    3. (persona, actuación) brilliant
    brillante2 n diamond

    Spanish-English dictionary > brillante

  • 67 calva

    f.
    1 bald patch.
    2 bald pate, pate, bald patch, bare patch.
    3 bald-head.
    * * *
    1 (de la cabeza) bald patch
    2 (de un bosque) clearing
    * * *
    1. f., (m. - calvo) 2. f., (m. - calvo)
    * * *
    SF (=cabeza) bald head; (=parte sin pelo) bald patch; [en alfombra, piel, tela] bare patch, worn place; [de bosque etc] clearing
    * * *
    femenino ( cabeza sin pelo) bald head; ( parte sin pelo) bald patch
    * * *
    = bald head, bald pate.
    Ex. The visually spectacular landscape of granite outcrops at Matobo Hills were called 'the bald heads'.
    Ex. Hair restoration has come a long way since the Middle Ages when a rancid rhino fat and rosemary concoction was applied on bald pates by virgins.
    ----
    * hacer una calva = moon, do + a moony.
    * la ocasión la pintan calva = make + hay while the sun shines.
    * * *
    femenino ( cabeza sin pelo) bald head; ( parte sin pelo) bald patch
    * * *
    = bald head, bald pate.

    Ex: The visually spectacular landscape of granite outcrops at Matobo Hills were called 'the bald heads'.

    Ex: Hair restoration has come a long way since the Middle Ages when a rancid rhino fat and rosemary concoction was applied on bald pates by virgins.
    * hacer una calva = moon, do + a moony.
    * la ocasión la pintan calva = make + hay while the sun shines.

    * * *
    1 (cabeza sin pelo) bald head
    2 (parte sin pelo) bald patch
    * * *

    calva sustantivo femenino ( cabeza sin pelo) bald head;
    ( parte sin pelo) bald patch
    calvo,-a
    I adjetivo bald, glabrous: Juan se está quedando calvo, Juan is going bald
    II m, f bald person
    ♦ Locuciones: ni tanto ni tan calvo, there's no need to go as far as that
    calva sustantivo femenino
    1 (piel sin pelo) bald patch: el sol le quemó la calva, the sun burnt his bald patch
    2 (mujer) bald woman
    ' calva' also found in these entries:
    English:
    balding
    * * *
    calva nf
    1. [en la cabeza] bald patch
    2. [en tejido, terreno] bare patch
    * * *
    f bald patch
    * * *
    calva nf
    : bald spot, bald head

    Spanish-English dictionary > calva

  • 68 creación

    f.
    creation, formation, generation.
    * * *
    1 (gen) creation
    2 (fundación) foundation, establishment, setting up
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=acción)
    a) [de obra, objeto, empleo, ambiente] creation
    b) [de empresa, asociación]
    2) (=cosa creada) creation
    3)

    la Creación — (Rel) the Creation

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( acción) creation
    b) ( cosa creada) creation
    2) (Relig) la Creación the Creation
    * * *
    = assignment, authoring, building, construction, creation, establishment, formation, foundation, generation, provision, setting up, organisation [organization, -USA], brain child [brainchild], constitution, fashioning, crafting, oeuvre, set-up.
    Ex. Similar principles may be applied in the formulation and assignment of headings irrespective of the physical form of the document.
    Ex. This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.
    Ex. Building a search profile has much in common with building a document profile during indexing.
    Ex. In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.
    Ex. It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.
    Ex. Music, especially classical works, often requires the establishment of a uniform title.
    Ex. In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.
    Ex. In the early part of the 20th century donations were received from William K. Bixby which led to the foundation of the rare book collection.
    Ex. Information retrieval follows from the generation of an index.
    Ex. Some school libraries are becoming involved in life-long learning but local government and public libraries must take responsibility for provisions for this.
    Ex. This contribution outlines the setting up of the systems, its benefits and problems encountered.
    Ex. This article discusses the history of the organisation of readers' camps for students of secondary schools in Slovakia which dates back to 1979.
    Ex. This paper reports an interview with Michael O'Donnell, whose brainchild, Salon Magazine is a successful World Wide Web only publication that has managed to forge a powerful identity without a printed counterpart.
    Ex. The chemical constitution of these materials is described and their deterioration characteristics explained.
    Ex. The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.
    Ex. This volume tellingly reveals the many negotiations, improvisations, sleights-of-hand, and slipknots that were a part of the crafting of Hitchcock's films.
    Ex. For about a 3rd of the departments, publications not covered in citation indexes accounted for at least 30 per cent of the citations to their total oeuvre.
    Ex. Areas of particular concern are: equipment set-up and use; helping develop search strategies, logon/logoff procedures; and emergency assistance when things go wrong.
    ----
    * artes de creación literaria y artística, las = creative arts, the.
    * compañía de nueva creación = startup [start-up].
    * creación artística = art work.
    * creación artística barata = kitsch.
    * creación de acuerdo de colaboración = partnership building.
    * creación de categorías = categorisation [categorization, -USA].
    * creación de coaliciones = coalition building.
    * creación de conglomerados = conglomeration.
    * creación de depósitos de datos = data warehousing.
    * creación de documentos secundarios = surrogacy.
    * creación de empleo = job creation.
    * creación de imágenes digitales = digital imaging.
    * creación de impedimentos = fence building.
    * creación de las montañas = mountain-building.
    * creación de lazos de amistad entre hombres = male bonding.
    * creación de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].
    * creación de los índices de un libro = back-of-the-book indexing, back-of-book indexing.
    * creación de modelos = modelling [modeling, -USA].
    * creación de obstáculos = fence building.
    * creación de perfiles de usuario = user profiling.
    * creación de prototipos = prototyping.
    * creación de referencias cruzadas = cross-referencing.
    * creación de réplicas en Internet = mirroring.
    * creación de servidor copia = site mirroring.
    * creación de servidor espejo = site mirroring.
    * creación de servidor réplica = site mirroring.
    * creación de sitio espejo = site mirroring.
    * creación de sustitutos documentales = surrogacy.
    * creación divina = divine creation.
    * creación rápida de prototipos = rapid prototyping.
    * de creación = authorial.
    * de reciente creación = newly developed [newly-developed].
    * empresa de nueva creación = this sort of thing, startup [start-up].
    * investigación para la creación de innovaciones = innovation research.
    * milagro de la creación, el = miracle of creation, the.
    * obra de creación literaria = fiction book.
    * obra de creación original = creative work.
    * obras de creación literaria = fiction.
    * tecnología para la creación de imágenes digitales = digital imaging technology.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( acción) creation
    b) ( cosa creada) creation
    2) (Relig) la Creación the Creation
    * * *
    = assignment, authoring, building, construction, creation, establishment, formation, foundation, generation, provision, setting up, organisation [organization, -USA], brain child [brainchild], constitution, fashioning, crafting, oeuvre, set-up.

    Ex: Similar principles may be applied in the formulation and assignment of headings irrespective of the physical form of the document.

    Ex: This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.
    Ex: Building a search profile has much in common with building a document profile during indexing.
    Ex: In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.
    Ex: It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.
    Ex: Music, especially classical works, often requires the establishment of a uniform title.
    Ex: In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.
    Ex: In the early part of the 20th century donations were received from William K. Bixby which led to the foundation of the rare book collection.
    Ex: Information retrieval follows from the generation of an index.
    Ex: Some school libraries are becoming involved in life-long learning but local government and public libraries must take responsibility for provisions for this.
    Ex: This contribution outlines the setting up of the systems, its benefits and problems encountered.
    Ex: This article discusses the history of the organisation of readers' camps for students of secondary schools in Slovakia which dates back to 1979.
    Ex: This paper reports an interview with Michael O'Donnell, whose brainchild, Salon Magazine is a successful World Wide Web only publication that has managed to forge a powerful identity without a printed counterpart.
    Ex: The chemical constitution of these materials is described and their deterioration characteristics explained.
    Ex: The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.
    Ex: This volume tellingly reveals the many negotiations, improvisations, sleights-of-hand, and slipknots that were a part of the crafting of Hitchcock's films.
    Ex: For about a 3rd of the departments, publications not covered in citation indexes accounted for at least 30 per cent of the citations to their total oeuvre.
    Ex: Areas of particular concern are: equipment set-up and use; helping develop search strategies, logon/logoff procedures; and emergency assistance when things go wrong.
    * artes de creación literaria y artística, las = creative arts, the.
    * compañía de nueva creación = startup [start-up].
    * creación artística = art work.
    * creación artística barata = kitsch.
    * creación de acuerdo de colaboración = partnership building.
    * creación de categorías = categorisation [categorization, -USA].
    * creación de coaliciones = coalition building.
    * creación de conglomerados = conglomeration.
    * creación de depósitos de datos = data warehousing.
    * creación de documentos secundarios = surrogacy.
    * creación de empleo = job creation.
    * creación de imágenes digitales = digital imaging.
    * creación de impedimentos = fence building.
    * creación de las montañas = mountain-building.
    * creación de lazos de amistad entre hombres = male bonding.
    * creación de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].
    * creación de los índices de un libro = back-of-the-book indexing, back-of-book indexing.
    * creación de modelos = modelling [modeling, -USA].
    * creación de obstáculos = fence building.
    * creación de perfiles de usuario = user profiling.
    * creación de prototipos = prototyping.
    * creación de referencias cruzadas = cross-referencing.
    * creación de réplicas en Internet = mirroring.
    * creación de servidor copia = site mirroring.
    * creación de servidor espejo = site mirroring.
    * creación de servidor réplica = site mirroring.
    * creación de sitio espejo = site mirroring.
    * creación de sustitutos documentales = surrogacy.
    * creación divina = divine creation.
    * creación rápida de prototipos = rapid prototyping.
    * de creación = authorial.
    * de reciente creación = newly developed [newly-developed].
    * empresa de nueva creación = this sort of thing, startup [start-up].
    * investigación para la creación de innovaciones = innovation research.
    * milagro de la creación, el = miracle of creation, the.
    * obra de creación literaria = fiction book.
    * obra de creación original = creative work.
    * obras de creación literaria = fiction.
    * tecnología para la creación de imágenes digitales = digital imaging technology.

    * * *
    A
    1 (acción) creation
    la posibilidad de la creación de un organismo que … the possibility of setting up o creating a body which …
    la creación de 500 nuevos puestos de trabajo the creation of 500 new jobs
    la creación de un sistema más equitativo the creation o establishment of a fairer system
    un siglo de espléndida creación literaria y artística a century of outstanding creative activity, both literary and artistic
    2 (cosa creada) creation
    una de las grandes creaciones literarias de nuestro tiempo one of the great literary creations o works of our time
    una creación de un famoso modisto francés a creation by a famous French designer
    B ( Relig)
    la Creación the Creation
    * * *

     

    creación sustantivo femenino

    b) (Relig)


    creación sustantivo femenino creation
    ' creación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dudosa
    - dudoso
    - invención
    - empleo
    - engendro
    - obra
    English:
    brainchild
    - creation
    - making
    - brain
    - development
    - establishment
    - job
    * * *
    1. [acción] creation;
    la creación de empleo job creation;
    la creación de riqueza the creation of wealth;
    la creación artística artistic creativity;
    creación literaria [materia] creative writing;
    su objetivo es la creación a largo plazo de una sociedad más justa their long-term aim is to create a fairer society
    2. [resultado] creation;
    una de las últimas creaciones del escultor belga one of the Belgian sculptor's latest creations
    3.
    la Creación [el mundo] Creation
    * * *
    f creation
    * * *
    creación nf, pl - ciones : creation
    * * *
    creación n creation

    Spanish-English dictionary > creación

  • 69 incomparable

    adj.
    incomparable.
    * * *
    1 incomparable
    * * *
    * * *
    adjetivo incomparable
    * * *
    = unparalleled, unrivalled [unrivaled, -USA], incomparable, unsurpassed, incommemsurable, incommensurate, inimitable, without equal, matchless.
    Ex. But these designers did more than copy the Aldine original: they developed it in a whole range of new sizes, and produced a series of romans hitherto unparalleled for elegance and utility.
    Ex. On-line data banks are still expanding, as they provide unrivalled services, even when these have to be paid for by users.
    Ex. A considerable literature exists on the empirical validity of Lotka's law; however, these studies are mainly incomparable and inconclusive, owing to substantial differences in the analytical methods applied.
    Ex. He was a scholar-librarian whose Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts remained unsurpassed for 250 years, and is still useful.
    Ex. As they stand, these two theories of pictorial representation are neither in agreement nor at odds, but incommensurable.
    Ex. The purpose of this paper is to bring to the fore the incommensurate political differences that separate the work of the two authors.
    Ex. Right now, there is no clear Republican candidate, though the inimitable Joe Kelly can never be counted out until the deadline passes.
    Ex. The Iberian horse was already regarded as a war horse without equal.
    Ex. My reaction to both of them was not one of despair or of envy, but of pleasure in watching a matchless performance.
    ----
    * el único e incomparable = the one and only.
    * experiencia incomparable = experience of a lifetime.
    * * *
    adjetivo incomparable
    * * *
    = unparalleled, unrivalled [unrivaled, -USA], incomparable, unsurpassed, incommemsurable, incommensurate, inimitable, without equal, matchless.

    Ex: But these designers did more than copy the Aldine original: they developed it in a whole range of new sizes, and produced a series of romans hitherto unparalleled for elegance and utility.

    Ex: On-line data banks are still expanding, as they provide unrivalled services, even when these have to be paid for by users.
    Ex: A considerable literature exists on the empirical validity of Lotka's law; however, these studies are mainly incomparable and inconclusive, owing to substantial differences in the analytical methods applied.
    Ex: He was a scholar-librarian whose Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts remained unsurpassed for 250 years, and is still useful.
    Ex: As they stand, these two theories of pictorial representation are neither in agreement nor at odds, but incommensurable.
    Ex: The purpose of this paper is to bring to the fore the incommensurate political differences that separate the work of the two authors.
    Ex: Right now, there is no clear Republican candidate, though the inimitable Joe Kelly can never be counted out until the deadline passes.
    Ex: The Iberian horse was already regarded as a war horse without equal.
    Ex: My reaction to both of them was not one of despair or of envy, but of pleasure in watching a matchless performance.
    * el único e incomparable = the one and only.
    * experiencia incomparable = experience of a lifetime.

    * * *
    incomparable
    * * *

    incomparable adjetivo incomparable, peerless, unequalable
    ' incomparable' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    inigualable
    - par
    English:
    incomparable
    - one
    - unparalleled
    - unrivaled
    * * *
    incomparable
    * * *
    adj incomparable
    * * *
    : incomparable

    Spanish-English dictionary > incomparable

  • 70 insignificante

    adj.
    insignificant.
    f. & m.
    insignificant person.
    * * *
    1 insignificant
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ [asunto, cantidad, detalle, accidente] insignificant, trivial; [persona] insignificant
    * * *
    adjetivo <asunto/detalle/suma> insignificant, trivial, trifling (before n); <objeto/regalo> small; < persona> insignificant
    * * *
    = insignificant, petty [pettier -comp., pettiest -sup.], trivial, two-bit, menial, trifling, of no consequence, a bit of a fluff, fluff, light hearted [light-hearted/lighhearted], paltry [paltrier -comp., paltriest -sup.], measly [measlier -comp., measliest -sup.].
    Ex. Most commercial abstracting services rely upon the refereeing procedure applied to the original document in order to eliminate insignificant and inaccurate submissions.
    Ex. It may seem petty to distinguish between the plural and singular form, and therefore unnecessary to include both forms in the index.
    Ex. A further problem is the fact that place names may appear in a trivial context.
    Ex. When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.
    Ex. The librarians too often fall prey to laziness by refusing to perform less academic and more menial tasks = Con demasiada frecuencia los bibliotecas son víctimas de la pereza negándose a realizar tareas más insignificantes y menos académicas.
    Ex. But to employ a professional librarian on a case where the intellectual content is trifling and the clerical labour massive is as unreasonable as to call in a detective to trace a pair of mislaid spectacles = Aunque contratar a un bibliotecario para un trabajo donde el contenido intelectual es insignificante y el trabajo administrativo enorme es tan poco razonable como llamar a un detective para buscar unas gafas extraviadas.
    Ex. Don't waste your time on this mean-spirited little film of no consequence.
    Ex. A bit of a fluff episode, but it shows just how naive these boys can be.
    Ex. Drama is, bottom line, seen as a fluff subject by many people.
    Ex. Properly read, live literature -- even the quietest or most light-hearted -- may be disturbing, may subvert our view of life.
    Ex. And there is no guarantee that any of the paltry sums of extra money available will actually benefit the workers in the recipient countries.
    Ex. Despite the Bank of England's base rate having risen by a full percentage point, the average savings rate is still ' measly'.
    ----
    * algo insignificante = just a little dot.
    * asunto insignificante = matter of no consequence.
    * cuestión insignificante = matter of no consequence.
    * hacer que Algo sea insignificante = make + Nombre + pale by comparison.
    * ser insignificante = pale into + insignificance, stick + Algo + on a pin-point, be of no consequence.
    * ser insignificante de = be slight in.
    * * *
    adjetivo <asunto/detalle/suma> insignificant, trivial, trifling (before n); <objeto/regalo> small; < persona> insignificant
    * * *
    = insignificant, petty [pettier -comp., pettiest -sup.], trivial, two-bit, menial, trifling, of no consequence, a bit of a fluff, fluff, light hearted [light-hearted/lighhearted], paltry [paltrier -comp., paltriest -sup.], measly [measlier -comp., measliest -sup.].

    Ex: Most commercial abstracting services rely upon the refereeing procedure applied to the original document in order to eliminate insignificant and inaccurate submissions.

    Ex: It may seem petty to distinguish between the plural and singular form, and therefore unnecessary to include both forms in the index.
    Ex: A further problem is the fact that place names may appear in a trivial context.
    Ex: When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.
    Ex: The librarians too often fall prey to laziness by refusing to perform less academic and more menial tasks = Con demasiada frecuencia los bibliotecas son víctimas de la pereza negándose a realizar tareas más insignificantes y menos académicas.
    Ex: But to employ a professional librarian on a case where the intellectual content is trifling and the clerical labour massive is as unreasonable as to call in a detective to trace a pair of mislaid spectacles = Aunque contratar a un bibliotecario para un trabajo donde el contenido intelectual es insignificante y el trabajo administrativo enorme es tan poco razonable como llamar a un detective para buscar unas gafas extraviadas.
    Ex: Don't waste your time on this mean-spirited little film of no consequence.
    Ex: A bit of a fluff episode, but it shows just how naive these boys can be.
    Ex: Drama is, bottom line, seen as a fluff subject by many people.
    Ex: Properly read, live literature -- even the quietest or most light-hearted -- may be disturbing, may subvert our view of life.
    Ex: And there is no guarantee that any of the paltry sums of extra money available will actually benefit the workers in the recipient countries.
    Ex: Despite the Bank of England's base rate having risen by a full percentage point, the average savings rate is still ' measly'.
    * algo insignificante = just a little dot.
    * asunto insignificante = matter of no consequence.
    * cuestión insignificante = matter of no consequence.
    * hacer que Algo sea insignificante = make + Nombre + pale by comparison.
    * ser insignificante = pale into + insignificance, stick + Algo + on a pin-point, be of no consequence.
    * ser insignificante de = be slight in.

    * * *
    ‹asunto/detalle/suma› insignificant, trivial, trifling ( before n); ‹objeto/regalo› small; ‹persona› insignificant
    * * *

    insignificante adjetivo ‹asunto/detalle/suma› insignificant, trivial;
    ‹objeto/regalo› small;
    ‹ persona› insignificant
    insignificante adjetivo insignificant
    ' insignificante' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    testimonial
    - triste
    - chorrada
    - inapreciable
    - menudencia
    - mínimo
    - miseria
    - pavada
    - tontería
    English:
    fluff
    - insignificant
    - light
    - minute
    - negligible
    - petty
    - pipsqueak
    - small
    - trifling
    - nonentity
    - trivial
    * * *
    insignificant
    * * *
    adj insignificant
    * * *
    : insignificant
    * * *
    insignificante adj insignificant

    Spanish-English dictionary > insignificante

  • 71 irse de casa

    (v.) = leave + home
    Ex. Few researchers have applied this experience to the last remaining sibling when all other siblings have left home.
    * * *
    (v.) = leave + home

    Ex: Few researchers have applied this experience to the last remaining sibling when all other siblings have left home.

    Spanish-English dictionary > irse de casa

  • 72 mecanismo de cierre

    (n.) = closing mechanism, fastener
    Ex. One such improvement was an opening and closing mechanism applied to the sluice gates.
    Ex. Most types of door fasteners and deadbolts extend into a recess in the door jamb when engaged, making the strength of the door jambs vitally important to the overall security of the door.
    * * *
    (n.) = closing mechanism, fastener

    Ex: One such improvement was an opening and closing mechanism applied to the sluice gates.

    Ex: Most types of door fasteners and deadbolts extend into a recess in the door jamb when engaged, making the strength of the door jambs vitally important to the overall security of the door.

    Spanish-English dictionary > mecanismo de cierre

  • 73 mordaz

    adj.
    1 caustic, biting.
    2 sarcastic, bitter, biting, bitterly severe.
    3 mordant, biting, sour, stinging.
    * * *
    1 mordant, sarcastic
    * * *
    adj.
    sarcastic, biting
    * * *
    ADJ [crítica, persona] sharp, scathing; [estilo] incisive; [humor] caustic
    * * *
    adjetivo <estilo/lenguaje> scathing, caustic; < crítica> sharp, scathing
    * * *
    = trenchant, scathing, searing, stinging, caustic, salty [saltier -comp., saltiest -sup.], pungent, sarcastic, blistering, spiky [spikier -comp., spikiest -sup.], vitriolic, waspish.
    Ex. However, both BTI and LCSH occasionally use headings of this kind, though one could argue strongly that these are out of place in direct entry methods, and they come in for trenchant criticism from Metcalfe.
    Ex. Fish is particularly scathing about reactionaries in the academic world who resort to a version of scaremongering about 'political correctness,' deconstruction, and other bogies.
    Ex. His searing and rigorously logical analysis of the '1949 ALA Rules for Entry' is one of my favorite pieces of writing on cataloging.
    Ex. In a stinging rebuke to the American Library Association, Nat Hentoff has criticized the ALA for failing to take action to defend volunteer librarians in Cuba who are being subjected to a brutal crackdown.
    Ex. While her characters are frequently intrinsic to theme and plot, her most caustic scenes deflate academic ambition and pretension.
    Ex. Serious questions which face us may often be better understood when a modicum of salty satire is applied.
    Ex. The studies reported here addressed the question of whether the pungent element in chilies, capsaicin, suppresses taste and flavor intensity.
    Ex. 'Listen!' he growled, in a tone so dry, sarcastic and acrid that not another word was needed to indicate that he was not about to be upstaged by a 24 year old.
    Ex. Lodge Kerrigan's 'Clean, Shaven' is a blistering piece of cinematic inventiveness and a young director's low-budget first feature.
    Ex. This adaptation of David Leavitt's novel wobbles between comedy and melodrama, ultimately fudging the novel's spiky empathy.
    Ex. This magazine had a particular interest in curious stories of libraries and bookmen, and was abundant in criticism both humorous and vitriolic.
    Ex. Harwood is excellent -- saucy and coquettish and really waspish in her subsequent vitriolic exchanges with the irate Marcello.
    ----
    * crítica mordaz = hatchet job.
    * de forma mordaz = pungently.
    * mordaz en sus comentarios = sharp of tongue.
    * * *
    adjetivo <estilo/lenguaje> scathing, caustic; < crítica> sharp, scathing
    * * *
    = trenchant, scathing, searing, stinging, caustic, salty [saltier -comp., saltiest -sup.], pungent, sarcastic, blistering, spiky [spikier -comp., spikiest -sup.], vitriolic, waspish.

    Ex: However, both BTI and LCSH occasionally use headings of this kind, though one could argue strongly that these are out of place in direct entry methods, and they come in for trenchant criticism from Metcalfe.

    Ex: Fish is particularly scathing about reactionaries in the academic world who resort to a version of scaremongering about 'political correctness,' deconstruction, and other bogies.
    Ex: His searing and rigorously logical analysis of the '1949 ALA Rules for Entry' is one of my favorite pieces of writing on cataloging.
    Ex: In a stinging rebuke to the American Library Association, Nat Hentoff has criticized the ALA for failing to take action to defend volunteer librarians in Cuba who are being subjected to a brutal crackdown.
    Ex: While her characters are frequently intrinsic to theme and plot, her most caustic scenes deflate academic ambition and pretension.
    Ex: Serious questions which face us may often be better understood when a modicum of salty satire is applied.
    Ex: The studies reported here addressed the question of whether the pungent element in chilies, capsaicin, suppresses taste and flavor intensity.
    Ex: 'Listen!' he growled, in a tone so dry, sarcastic and acrid that not another word was needed to indicate that he was not about to be upstaged by a 24 year old.
    Ex: Lodge Kerrigan's 'Clean, Shaven' is a blistering piece of cinematic inventiveness and a young director's low-budget first feature.
    Ex: This adaptation of David Leavitt's novel wobbles between comedy and melodrama, ultimately fudging the novel's spiky empathy.
    Ex: This magazine had a particular interest in curious stories of libraries and bookmen, and was abundant in criticism both humorous and vitriolic.
    Ex: Harwood is excellent -- saucy and coquettish and really waspish in her subsequent vitriolic exchanges with the irate Marcello.
    * crítica mordaz = hatchet job.
    * de forma mordaz = pungently.
    * mordaz en sus comentarios = sharp of tongue.

    * * *
    ‹estilo/lenguaje› scathing, caustic, incisive; ‹crítica› sharp, scathing
    * * *

    mordaz adjetivo ‹estilo/lenguaje› scathing, caustic;
    ‹ crítica› sharp, scathing
    mordaz adjetivo biting, scathing: me gusta leer sus mordaces comentarios acerca de los programas de la tele, I like reading his biting commentary on TV programmes
    ' mordaz' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    corrosiva
    - corrosivo
    - afilado
    English:
    abrasive
    - acid
    - barbed
    - biting
    - caustic
    - cutting
    - damning
    - denunciation
    - incisive
    - pointed
    - scathing
    - sharp
    - dry
    - dryness
    * * *
    mordaz adj
    caustic
    * * *
    adj biting, sharp
    * * *
    mordaz adj
    : caustic, scathing

    Spanish-English dictionary > mordaz

  • 74 olor

    m.
    1 smell.
    tener olor a to smell of
    los niños acudieron al olor de la comida the children were drawn to the smell of cooking
    olor corporal body odor
    2 odor, fragrance, smell, perfume.
    * * *
    1 smell
    \
    al olor de attracted by
    en olor de santidad like a saint
    olor corporal body odour
    * * *
    noun m.
    odor, smell
    * * *
    SM
    1) [gen] smell (a of)

    mal olor — bad smell, nasty smell

    olor a sudor — smell of sweat, body odour o (EEUU) odor, B.O. *

    olor corporal — body odour o (EEUU) odor, B.O. *

    2) (=atracción) smell
    3) (=fama)
    4) pl olores Cono Sur, Méx (Culin) spices
    * * *
    masculino smell

    tomarle el olor a algo — (AmL) to smell something

    en olor de multitud(es): fue recibido en olor de multitud he was welcomed by a huge crowd; en olor de santidad: vivir en olor de santidad to lead the life of a saint; morir en olor de santidad — to die a saint

    * * *
    = smell, odour [odor, -USA], scent.
    Ex. Without the ability to select when faced with these choices we would be like demented dogs chasing every attractive smell that reaches our noses in complete confusion of purpose.
    Ex. Since 1946 multidimensional statistical methods have been applied to odour characterization and classification.
    Ex. Various animals, including humans, are able to distinguish among individuals by scent.
    ----
    * con olor a ajo = garlicky.
    * con olor a cerrado = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].
    * con olor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].
    * con olor a humedad = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].
    * con olor a orina = urinous.
    * con olor a polvo = dust smelling.
    * de olor agradable = sweet-smelling.
    * de olor a podrido = rotten smelling.
    * de olor fuerte = strong-smelling.
    * mal olor = stench.
    * olor a fruta = fruitiness.
    * olor corporal = body scent.
    * olor fuerte y penetrante = tang.
    * sin olor = odourless [odorless, -USA].
    * * *
    masculino smell

    tomarle el olor a algo — (AmL) to smell something

    en olor de multitud(es): fue recibido en olor de multitud he was welcomed by a huge crowd; en olor de santidad: vivir en olor de santidad to lead the life of a saint; morir en olor de santidad — to die a saint

    * * *
    = smell, odour [odor, -USA], scent.

    Ex: Without the ability to select when faced with these choices we would be like demented dogs chasing every attractive smell that reaches our noses in complete confusion of purpose.

    Ex: Since 1946 multidimensional statistical methods have been applied to odour characterization and classification.
    Ex: Various animals, including humans, are able to distinguish among individuals by scent.
    * con olor a ajo = garlicky.
    * con olor a cerrado = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].
    * con olor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].
    * con olor a humedad = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].
    * con olor a orina = urinous.
    * con olor a polvo = dust smelling.
    * de olor agradable = sweet-smelling.
    * de olor a podrido = rotten smelling.
    * de olor fuerte = strong-smelling.
    * mal olor = stench.
    * olor a fruta = fruitiness.
    * olor corporal = body scent.
    * olor fuerte y penetrante = tang.
    * sin olor = odourless [odorless, -USA].

    * * *
    smell
    ¡qué olor más bueno/horrible! what a lovely/horrible smell!
    tiene un olor raro it smells strange, it has a strange smell to it
    tomarle el olor a algo ( AmL); to smell sth
    ¡qué rico olor! ( AmL); what a lovely smell!
    olor A algo smell OF sth
    ¡qué olor a comida hay aquí! there's a strong smell of food (in) here!
    tiene olor a queso it smells of cheese
    en olor de multitud: fue recibido en olor de multitud he was welcomed by a huge crowd
    en olor de santidad: vivir en olor de santidad to lead the life of a saint
    Compuesto:
    ( Arg fam) body odor*, BO ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    olor sustantivo masculino
    smell;

    tomarle el olor a algo (AmL) to smell sth;
    olor A algo smell of sth
    olor sustantivo masculino smell: el olor a humedad me disgusta, I don't like the smell of damp
    estas rosas no tienen olor, these roses don't smell of anything

    ' olor' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ácida
    - ácido
    - acritud
    - apestar
    - apestosa
    - apestoso
    - atufar
    - cantar
    - corporal
    - desagradable
    - desprender
    - echar
    - estercolar
    - graja
    - grajo
    - inconfundible
    - olfatear
    - penetrar
    - penetrante
    - peste
    - soltar
    - tufo
    - agradable
    - asqueroso
    - clavo
    - descomponer
    - despedir
    - feo
    - fetidez
    - fuerte
    - ligero
    - percibir
    - pestilente
    - podrido
    - repugnante
    - repulsivo
    - rico
    - sentir
    - tumbar
    English:
    acrid
    - cling
    - detect
    - detection
    - distinct
    - emit
    - exude
    - fishy
    - fluid
    - foul
    - fruity
    - give off
    - linger
    - lingering
    - nasty
    - obnoxious
    - obtrusive
    - odor
    - odour
    - of
    - offensive
    - overpower
    - pervade
    - pervasive
    - powerful
    - pungent
    - put off
    - scent
    - sharp
    - sickening
    - smell
    - smoky
    - sweet
    - sweetness
    - unmistakable
    - vile
    - clove
    - high
    - stink
    - tang
    - waft
    * * *
    olor nm
    smell (a of);
    tener olor a to smell of;
    los niños acudieron al olor de la comida the children were drawn to the smell of cooking;
    miles de jóvenes aspirantes acuden a Hollywood al olor de la fama thousands of young hopefuls come to Hollywood looking for fame;
    Fam
    en olor de multitudes enjoying popular acclaim;
    vivir/morir en olor de santidad to live/die like a saint
    RP Fam olor a chivo BO;
    olor corporal body odour
    * * *
    m
    1 smell; de flores, perfume tb
    scent
    2
    :
    en olor de santidad like a saint;
    fue acogido en olor de multitud(es) he was received by a huge crowd
    * * *
    olor nm
    : smell, odor
    * * *
    olor n smell

    Spanish-English dictionary > olor

  • 75 picante

    adj.
    1 spicy, hot (food).
    2 saucy (chiste, comedia).
    m.
    1 spicy food (food).
    2 spiciness, piquancy, raciness.
    * * *
    1 (comida) hot
    2 figurado (chiste, película) spicy
    1 (comida) hot food
    2 (sabor) hot flavour
    * * *
    adj.
    hot, spicy
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=que pica) [comida, sabor] hot, spicy; [vino] tart, sour
    2) (=malicioso) [comentario] sharp, cutting; [chiste] dirty; [comedia, película] naughty, spicy; [persona] naughty
    2. SM
    1) (Culin)
    a) (=especia) chilli
    b) And, Cono Sur (=guisado) meat stew with chilli sauce
    2) (=picardía) [en persona] zip, zest; [en chiste, situación] piquancy
    3) pl picantes Esp ** (=calcetines) socks
    * * *
    I
    a) (Coc) < comida> hot
    b) <chiste/libro> risqué; < comedia> racy
    II
    a) (Coc) hot spices (pl)

    el médico le ha prohibido el picante or los picantes — his doctor has told him not to eat spicy food

    b) (Chi, Per) ( guiso) spicy meat stew
    * * *
    = piquant, salty [saltier -comp., saltiest -sup.], racy [racier -comp., raciest -sup.], fiery [fierier -comp., fieriest -sup.], risqué, bawdy [bawdier -comp., bawdiest -sup.], pungent, spicy [spicier -comp., spiciest -sup.], saucy [saucier -comp., sauciest -sup.], tangy [tangier - comp., tangiest -sup.], nippy [nippier -comp., nippiest -sup.].
    Ex. The causes of this interest differ from one man to another; it may be the beautiful, the terrible, the awe-inspiring, the exhilarating, the pathetic, the comic, or the merely piquant.
    Ex. Serious questions which face us may often be better understood when a modicum of salty satire is applied.
    Ex. Today, nudity, sex, and excessive violence are not an issue and even the raciest films would garner a PG-13 rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, and most are even tamer than that.
    Ex. In the end, his crude language and fiery personality limited him to the role of redneck poltergeist.
    Ex. However, some of the central premises of the film are flawed, and the risqué touches, whether racial or erotic innuendo, are primarily there to titillate and make the film seem hot and controversial.
    Ex. Their secondary aim was to print piratical, scurrilous and bawdy material for the people of Dublin.
    Ex. The studies reported here addressed the question of whether the pungent element in chilies, capsaicin, suppresses taste and flavor intensity.
    Ex. The odour impression was a very pleasant spearmint, with green, floral, fruity, and spicy sidenote.
    Ex. Although some British seaside resorts still sell saucy postcards, they are not as popular as they used to be.
    Ex. The most boring meal can be pepped up with spicy and tangy herbs.
    Ex. Blend cream cheese with prepared horseradish for a nippy taste.
    ----
    * poner un poquito de picante = pep up.
    * rábano picante = horseradish.
    * * *
    I
    a) (Coc) < comida> hot
    b) <chiste/libro> risqué; < comedia> racy
    II
    a) (Coc) hot spices (pl)

    el médico le ha prohibido el picante or los picantes — his doctor has told him not to eat spicy food

    b) (Chi, Per) ( guiso) spicy meat stew
    * * *
    = piquant, salty [saltier -comp., saltiest -sup.], racy [racier -comp., raciest -sup.], fiery [fierier -comp., fieriest -sup.], risqué, bawdy [bawdier -comp., bawdiest -sup.], pungent, spicy [spicier -comp., spiciest -sup.], saucy [saucier -comp., sauciest -sup.], tangy [tangier - comp., tangiest -sup.], nippy [nippier -comp., nippiest -sup.].

    Ex: The causes of this interest differ from one man to another; it may be the beautiful, the terrible, the awe-inspiring, the exhilarating, the pathetic, the comic, or the merely piquant.

    Ex: Serious questions which face us may often be better understood when a modicum of salty satire is applied.
    Ex: Today, nudity, sex, and excessive violence are not an issue and even the raciest films would garner a PG-13 rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, and most are even tamer than that.
    Ex: In the end, his crude language and fiery personality limited him to the role of redneck poltergeist.
    Ex: However, some of the central premises of the film are flawed, and the risqué touches, whether racial or erotic innuendo, are primarily there to titillate and make the film seem hot and controversial.
    Ex: Their secondary aim was to print piratical, scurrilous and bawdy material for the people of Dublin.
    Ex: The studies reported here addressed the question of whether the pungent element in chilies, capsaicin, suppresses taste and flavor intensity.
    Ex: The odour impression was a very pleasant spearmint, with green, floral, fruity, and spicy sidenote.
    Ex: Although some British seaside resorts still sell saucy postcards, they are not as popular as they used to be.
    Ex: The most boring meal can be pepped up with spicy and tangy herbs.
    Ex: Blend cream cheese with prepared horseradish for a nippy taste.
    * poner un poquito de picante = pep up.
    * rábano picante = horseradish.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Coc) ‹comida› hot
    esto está picantísimo this is really hot!
    2 ‹chiste/libro› risqué; ‹comedia› racy
    B ( Chi fam pey) ‹persona/lugar› common ( colloq pej); ‹música› trashy ( colloq)
    A
    1 ( Coc) hot spices (pl)
    le has puesto demasiado picante a la sopa you've made the soup too hot o too peppery
    el médico le ha prohibido el picante or los picantes his doctor has told him not to eat spicy food
    2
    (ingenio, malicia): la obra es un poco sosa, le falta un poco de picante the play is a bit dull, it needs something to spice it up a little
    3 (Chi, Per) ( Coc) (guiso) spicy meat stew
    B
    * * *

    picante adjetivo
    a) (Coc) ‹ comida› hot

    b) ‹chiste/libro› risqué;

    ‹ comedia› racy
    picante
    I adjetivo
    1 (comida) hot, spicy
    2 fig (espectáculo, comentario) risqué, racy
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 (alimentos) hot spices pl: le han prohibido el picante, he has been told not to eat spicy food
    2 (sabor) hot taste
    ' picante' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    pimentón
    - chiste
    - daño
    - picar
    English:
    fiery
    - horseradish
    - hot
    - juicy
    - pungent
    - racy
    - sausage
    - spice
    - spicy
    - horse
    - raunchy
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [comida] spicy, hot
    2. [chiste, comedia] saucy
    3. Chile Fam [ordinario] common;
    se fue a vivir a un barrio picante she went to live in a downmarket area
    ♦ nm
    1. [salsa] hot sauce;
    le puso demasiado picante she made it too hot o spicy;
    me gusta el picante I like spicy food
    2. Andes [guiso] spicy meat stew
    3. Chile Fam [ordinario] pleb;
    son unos picantes they're plebs
    * * *
    I adj
    1 comida hot, spicy
    2 chiste risqué
    II m hot spice
    * * *
    picante adj
    1) : hot, spicy
    2) : sharp, cutting
    3) : racy, risqué
    1) : spiciness
    2) : hot spices pl, hot sauce
    * * *
    picante adj hot [comp. hotter; superl. hottest] / spicy [comp. spicier; superl. spiciest]

    Spanish-English dictionary > picante

  • 76 poco convincente

    adj.
    unconvincing, feeble, inconclusive, invalid.
    * * *
    (adj.) = unconvincing, inconclusive, pat, feeble
    Ex. This text contains its share of irrelevant allusions included by authors 'to add artistic verisimilitude to a bald and otherwise unconvincing narrative', to quote another favourite source.
    Ex. A considerable literature exists on the empirical validity of Lotka's law; however, these studies are mainly incomparable and inconclusive, owing to substantial differences in the analytical methods applied.
    Ex. When challenged about their crimes, many offenders provide pat justifications.
    Ex. Mearns warns us, 'Recollection is treacherous; it is usually too broad or too narrow for another's use; and what is more serious, it is frequently undependable and worn and feeble'.
    * * *
    (adj.) = unconvincing, inconclusive, pat, feeble

    Ex: This text contains its share of irrelevant allusions included by authors 'to add artistic verisimilitude to a bald and otherwise unconvincing narrative', to quote another favourite source.

    Ex: A considerable literature exists on the empirical validity of Lotka's law; however, these studies are mainly incomparable and inconclusive, owing to substantial differences in the analytical methods applied.
    Ex: When challenged about their crimes, many offenders provide pat justifications.
    Ex: Mearns warns us, 'Recollection is treacherous; it is usually too broad or too narrow for another's use; and what is more serious, it is frequently undependable and worn and feeble'.

    Spanish-English dictionary > poco convincente

  • 77 precisar

    v.
    1 to fix, to set.
    2 to need, to require.
    Ella precisa un oboe She needs an oboe.
    Nos precisa un coche We need a car.
    3 to specify, to describe in detail, to go into detail in, to go into detail on.
    Ella precisó las instrucciones She specified the instructions.
    4 to need to, to must, to require to.
    Ella precisa viajar hoy She needs to travel today.
    * * *
    1 to say exactly
    2 (necesitar) to need
    ■ 'Se precisa cocinero' "Cook wanted"
    1 to be necessary
    * * *
    verb
    1) to require, need
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=necesitar) to need, require

    no precisa lavado — it needs no washing, it doesn't require washing

    se precisan mensajeros — messengers required, messengers wanted

    2) (=especificar) to specify

    ¿puedes precisar un poco más? — can you be a little more specific?

    2.
    VI

    precisar de algo — to need o require sth

    no precisamos de sus servicios — we do not need o require your services

    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( determinar con exactitud) to specify
    2) ( necesitar) to need
    * * *
    = pin down, point out, qualify, fine tune [fine-tune], set + the record straight.
    Ex. I think Ms Marshall has pinned it down.
    Ex. By means of the arrangement of document substitutes in library catalogues, and also by the arrangement of documents themselves, it is possible to point out, or indicate, classes of documents.
    Ex. Common facets may be listed anywhere in the schedule order, because they are facets that, although only listed once can be applied anywhere in the citation order, as required to qualify the concept to which they apply.
    Ex. These statistics have been used to fine tune the system and improve response time = Se han usado estos resultados estadísticos para ajustar el funcionamiento del sistema y mejorar el tiempo de respuesta.
    Ex. This article is a response to 'Preservation of slide libraries' by Ann Cinlar in which an attempt is made to set the record straight.
    ----
    * precisar una búsqueda = focus + Posesivo + search.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( determinar con exactitud) to specify
    2) ( necesitar) to need
    * * *
    = pin down, point out, qualify, fine tune [fine-tune], set + the record straight.

    Ex: I think Ms Marshall has pinned it down.

    Ex: By means of the arrangement of document substitutes in library catalogues, and also by the arrangement of documents themselves, it is possible to point out, or indicate, classes of documents.
    Ex: Common facets may be listed anywhere in the schedule order, because they are facets that, although only listed once can be applied anywhere in the citation order, as required to qualify the concept to which they apply.
    Ex: These statistics have been used to fine tune the system and improve response time = Se han usado estos resultados estadísticos para ajustar el funcionamiento del sistema y mejorar el tiempo de respuesta.
    Ex: This article is a response to 'Preservation of slide libraries' by Ann Cinlar in which an attempt is made to set the record straight.
    * precisar una búsqueda = focus + Posesivo + search.

    * * *
    precisar [A1 ]
    vt
    sin precisar ninguna fecha without specifying any date
    la hora está todavía sin precisar the time has not yet been fixed o specified
    no se ha precisado de cuántos casos se trata there has been no indication of the precise number of cases
    B (necesitar) to need
    se precisan más medios y un presupuesto mayor more resources and a higher budget are needed
    [ S ] precisamos secretarias bilingües bilingual secretaries required
    no precisa plancha no ironing needed
    no se lo puedo prestar porque lo preciso I can't lend it to you because I need it myself
    * * *

     

    precisar ( conjugate precisar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( determinar con exactitud) to specify
    2 ( necesitar) to need
    precisar verbo transitivo
    1 (determinar) to specify
    2 (necesitar) to require, need
    ' precisar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    concretar
    - matizar
    - determinar
    English:
    demand
    - pin down
    - specify
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [determinar] to fix, to set;
    [aclarar] to specify exactly;
    el lugar está sin precisar the location has not yet been fixed o specified;
    no puedo precisar cuándo I can't say exactly when
    2. [necesitar] to need, to require;
    se precisa una gran habilidad much skill is needed o required;
    empresa informática precisa ingeniero [en anuncio] engineer required by computer firm
    ♦ vi
    precisar de to need;
    el equipo precisa de su actuación the team needs him to play
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ( aclarar) specify
    2 ( necesitar) need
    * * *
    1) : to specify, to determine exactly
    2) necesitar: to need, to require
    : to be necessary
    * * *
    precisar vb (requerir) to need / to require

    Spanish-English dictionary > precisar

  • 78 relevancia

    f.
    1 importance.
    2 relevance, appositeness, bearing, pertinence.
    * * *
    1 (significación) relevance
    2 (importancia) importance
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    = relevance, significance, relevancy, responsiveness, worthwhileness, fuse, pertinence, importance.
    Ex. Searching can be tedious and prone to error, and relevance judgements can only be made by reference to a second list or index.
    Ex. However, a chi-squared test applied to the first three columns of each table does not give significance.
    Ex. Software has been developed which orders citations retrieved from an on-line data base in terms of relevancy.
    Ex. Immeasurable recognition can be gained from increasing the library's responsiveness to the business community.
    Ex. But it always assumes the importance, the worthwhileness, of human experience even when -- as in tragedy -- it finds much in that experience evil.
    Ex. Accessibility is the most important factor in determining the level of fuse of an information source.
    Ex. Selection then takes place based on the pertinence of the information.
    Ex. This format is becoming common in new thesauri, partly because the recognition of the importance of viewing both relationships and subject terms in one tool.
    ----
    * cobrar relevancia = be on the agenda.
    * criterios de relevancia = relevance criteria.
    * dar relevancia = give + relevance.
    * dar relevancia a = create + a high profile for, give + a high profile.
    * dar relevancia a Algo = put + Algo + on the agenda.
    * indicación de la relevancia = relevance feedback.
    * relevancia más allá del tema de búsqueda = beyond topical relevance.
    * sistema de recuperación por relevancia = relevance system.
    * tener alguna relevancia para = have + some bearing on.
    * tener relevancia para = have + bearing on.
    * * *
    = relevance, significance, relevancy, responsiveness, worthwhileness, fuse, pertinence, importance.

    Ex: Searching can be tedious and prone to error, and relevance judgements can only be made by reference to a second list or index.

    Ex: However, a chi-squared test applied to the first three columns of each table does not give significance.
    Ex: Software has been developed which orders citations retrieved from an on-line data base in terms of relevancy.
    Ex: Immeasurable recognition can be gained from increasing the library's responsiveness to the business community.
    Ex: But it always assumes the importance, the worthwhileness, of human experience even when -- as in tragedy -- it finds much in that experience evil.
    Ex: Accessibility is the most important factor in determining the level of fuse of an information source.
    Ex: Selection then takes place based on the pertinence of the information.
    Ex: This format is becoming common in new thesauri, partly because the recognition of the importance of viewing both relationships and subject terms in one tool.
    * cobrar relevancia = be on the agenda.
    * criterios de relevancia = relevance criteria.
    * dar relevancia = give + relevance.
    * dar relevancia a = create + a high profile for, give + a high profile.
    * dar relevancia a Algo = put + Algo + on the agenda.
    * indicación de la relevancia = relevance feedback.
    * relevancia más allá del tema de búsqueda = beyond topical relevance.
    * sistema de recuperación por relevancia = relevance system.
    * tener alguna relevancia para = have + some bearing on.
    * tener relevancia para = have + bearing on.

    * * *
    importance
    * * *

    relevancia sustantivo femenino importance: no te preocupes, ese gesto suyo no tenía la menor relevancia, don't worry, his behaviour was of minor importance
    ' relevancia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    pertinencia
    - protagonismo
    - trascendencia
    English:
    high
    - relevance
    * * *
    importance
    * * *
    f relevance

    Spanish-English dictionary > relevancia

  • 79 reluciente

    adj.
    shining, gleaming.
    * * *
    1 bright, shining, gleaming, glittering
    * * *
    adj.
    1) glittering, shining
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=brillante) shining, brilliant; [joyas] glittering, sparkling
    2) [persona] (=de buen aspecto) healthy-looking; (=gordo) well-fed
    * * *
    a) ( brillante)

    su reluciente coche nuevo — her shiny o gleaming new car

    una mañana reluciente — a bright, sunny morning

    b) < persona> glowing, radiant
    * * *
    = glistening, gleaming, twinkling, shining, spanking clean, sparkly, shiny [shinier -comp., shiniest -sup.].
    Ex. Peter was trying to convince himself that it wasn't his fault as he navigated the glistening slippery streets.
    Ex. The reader is like her: he sits watching the diverse pageant of human thought and human feeling passing across the gleaming mirror of literature.
    Ex. The menu has a variety of embellishments such as twinkling stars or a message board.
    Ex. When the market for shining victorias and handy runabouts was climaxed by the building of 'horseless carriages,' and tax benefits and lower wages lured mill owners south, thousands emigrated westward.
    Ex. Upstairs spanking clean rooms come with all expected amenities, as well as grandstand views of the skyline.
    Ex. Basically, it's a piece of embroidered fabric to which is added fringe, tassels, and sparkly things.
    Ex. Art paper (the shiny paper used for printing fine-screen half-tones from the 1880s) had a coating of china clay applied in a special machine to one or both sides of a web of body paper.
    * * *
    a) ( brillante)

    su reluciente coche nuevo — her shiny o gleaming new car

    una mañana reluciente — a bright, sunny morning

    b) < persona> glowing, radiant
    * * *
    = glistening, gleaming, twinkling, shining, spanking clean, sparkly, shiny [shinier -comp., shiniest -sup.].

    Ex: Peter was trying to convince himself that it wasn't his fault as he navigated the glistening slippery streets.

    Ex: The reader is like her: he sits watching the diverse pageant of human thought and human feeling passing across the gleaming mirror of literature.
    Ex: The menu has a variety of embellishments such as twinkling stars or a message board.
    Ex: When the market for shining victorias and handy runabouts was climaxed by the building of 'horseless carriages,' and tax benefits and lower wages lured mill owners south, thousands emigrated westward.
    Ex: Upstairs spanking clean rooms come with all expected amenities, as well as grandstand views of the skyline.
    Ex: Basically, it's a piece of embroidered fabric to which is added fringe, tassels, and sparkly things.
    Ex: Art paper (the shiny paper used for printing fine-screen half-tones from the 1880s) had a coating of china clay applied in a special machine to one or both sides of a web of body paper.

    * * *
    1
    (brillante): vino a enseñarnos su reluciente coche nuevo she came to show us her shiny o gleaming new car
    una mañana reluciente a radiant o brilliant morning
    los suelos estaban siempre relucientes the floors were always sparkling o gleaming
    una espada de acero reluciente a sword of shining steel
    2 ‹persona› glowing, radiant
    * * *

    reluciente adjetivo ‹dientes/coche› gleaming;
    ‹metal/suelo› shiny, shining;
    ◊ una mañana reluciente a bright, sunny morning

    reluciente adjetivo
    1 (el pelo, un zapato) shining
    2 (joyas, oro) glittering
    3 (el suelo, un coche) sparkling, gleaming
    4 (el día) bright, sunny
    5 (una persona) glowing, sleek

    ' reluciente' also found in these entries:
    English:
    gleaming
    - shining
    - shiny
    * * *
    shining, gleaming;
    dejó el jarrón reluciente she polished the vase until it was gleaming;
    tiene la cocina reluciente her kitchen is spotless
    * * *
    adj sparkling, glittering
    * * *
    : brilliant, shining
    * * *
    reluciente adj shiny [comp. shinier; superl. shiniest]

    Spanish-English dictionary > reluciente

  • 80 rigor

    m.
    1 strictness.
    con rigor strictly
    2 accuracy, rigor.
    no tiene ningún rigor científico it's totally lacking in scientific rigor
    en rigor strictly (speaking)
    3 harshness (inclemencia).
    * * *
    1 (severidad) rigour (US rigor), strictness, severity
    2 (dureza) rigour (US rigor), harshness
    3 (exactitud) precision, exactness
    \
    con rigor rigorously
    de rigor essential, indispensable
    en rigor strictly speaking
    ser el rigor de las desdichas figurado to be born under an unlucky star
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=severidad) severity, harshness; (=dureza) toughness
    2) (Meteo) harshness, severity

    los rigores del clima — the rigours o (EEUU) rigors of the climate

    3) (=exactitud) rigour, rigor (EEUU)
    4)

    ser de rigor — (=esencial) to be de rigueur, be absolutely essential

    5)

    un rigor de cosas — And (=muchos) a whole lot of things

    * (=paliza)
    * * *
    1) ( severidad) rigor*

    el rigor de estas medidas — the harshness o severity of these measures

    2) ( precisión) rigor*

    con rigor — rigorously, strictly

    en rigor — ( honestamente) honestly, in all honesty; ( estrictamente) strictly speaking

    * * *
    = precision, strictness, rigour [rigor, -USA], severity, stringency.
    Ex. Whether such precision will result in a catalogue more satisfactory to readers than that produced by the reasonable application of the vaguer AA is a moot point.
    Ex. They see people as marked by one particular attribute, cleverness, or kindness, or strictness, or being a good shot, and they mind whether things are right or wrong.
    Ex. Praiseworthy piecemeal modifications of this library rigour stand out as exceptions to prove the rule.
    Ex. Exuberance and enthusiasm are proper to the young, as Quintillian remarked: 'The young should be daring and inventive and should rejoice in their inventions, even though correctiveness and severity are still to be acquired'.
    Ex. Even when Community-wide regulations do apply, for example in matters of safety at work, the stringency of laws may vary from country to country.
    ----
    * con rigor = rigourously [rigorously, -USA], harshly.
    * de rigor = de rigueur.
    * en rigor = strictly speaking.
    * rigores del clima = rigours of the climate.
    * rigor intelectual = intellectual rigour.
    * sin excesivo rigor = loosely.
    * * *
    1) ( severidad) rigor*

    el rigor de estas medidas — the harshness o severity of these measures

    2) ( precisión) rigor*

    con rigor — rigorously, strictly

    en rigor — ( honestamente) honestly, in all honesty; ( estrictamente) strictly speaking

    * * *
    = precision, strictness, rigour [rigor, -USA], severity, stringency.

    Ex: Whether such precision will result in a catalogue more satisfactory to readers than that produced by the reasonable application of the vaguer AA is a moot point.

    Ex: They see people as marked by one particular attribute, cleverness, or kindness, or strictness, or being a good shot, and they mind whether things are right or wrong.
    Ex: Praiseworthy piecemeal modifications of this library rigour stand out as exceptions to prove the rule.
    Ex: Exuberance and enthusiasm are proper to the young, as Quintillian remarked: 'The young should be daring and inventive and should rejoice in their inventions, even though correctiveness and severity are still to be acquired'.
    Ex: Even when Community-wide regulations do apply, for example in matters of safety at work, the stringency of laws may vary from country to country.
    * con rigor = rigourously [rigorously, -USA], harshly.
    * de rigor = de rigueur.
    * en rigor = strictly speaking.
    * rigores del clima = rigours of the climate.
    * rigor intelectual = intellectual rigour.
    * sin excesivo rigor = loosely.

    * * *
    A (severidad) rigor*
    con todo el rigor de la ley with the utmost severity o full rigor of the law
    el rigor de las medidas disciplinarias the harshness o severity of the disciplinary measures
    el rigor del invierno the rigors of winter
    B (precisión) rigor*
    rigor científico scientific rigor
    los criterios se aplicarán con rigor the criteria will be rigorously o strictly applied, the criteria will be applied with rigor
    de rigor usual
    contéstale con la carta de rigor send him the usual o the standard reply
    los saludos de rigor the usual greetings
    después de la ceremonia, las fotos de rigor after the ceremony there were the inevitable o usual o obligatory photos
    en una ocasión así el frac es de rigor tails are de rigueur o are a must on such an occasion
    en rigor (honestamente) honestly, in all honesty; (estrictamente) strictly speaking
    ser el rigor de las desdichas to be very unfortunate
    * * *

    rigor sustantivo masculino ( en general) rigor( conjugate rigor);
    (de medidas, castigo) harshness, severity;

    el rigor del invierno the rigors of winter;
    con rigor rigorously, strictly;
    los saludos de rigor the usual greetings
    rigor sustantivo masculino
    1 (dureza, inflexibilidad) severity
    el rigor de la ley/del invierno, the severity of the law/winter
    2 (precisión, fundamento) rigour, US rigor: su teoría carece de rigor científico, her theory lacks scientific rigor
    ♦ Locuciones: de rigor, indispensable, customary
    en rigor, strictly speaking

    ' rigor' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    rigurosamente
    - exactitud
    English:
    rigor
    - rigor mortis
    - rigorousness
    - rigour
    - severity
    - loosely
    - strictly
    - unscientific
    * * *
    rigor nm
    1. [severidad] strictness;
    criticaron el rigor de la pena they criticized the severity o harshness of the sentence;
    con rigor strictly
    2. [exactitud] accuracy, rigour;
    a este análisis le falta rigor this analysis isn't rigorous enough;
    esta teoría no tiene ningún rigor científico this theory is totally lacking in scientific rigour;
    me dieron las instrucciones de rigor they gave me the usual instructions;
    nos cayó la bronca de rigor we got the inevitable telling-off;
    es de rigor en esas ocasiones it's de rigueur on such occasions;
    en rigor strictly (speaking)
    3. [inclemencia] harshness;
    los rigores del invierno the rigours of winter;
    los rigores del verano the harshness of the summer climate
    4. [rigidez] rigor mortis rigor mortis
    5. Comp
    Fam
    es el rigor de las desdichas she was born unlucky
    * * *
    m
    1 rigor, Br
    rigour;
    ser de rigor be a must, be obligatory
    2 ( precisión) rigor, Br
    rigour;
    rigor científico scientific rigor;
    en rigor strictly
    3 ( dureza) rigor, Br
    rigour;
    los rigores del invierno the rigors of winter;
    los rigores estivales the extremes of summer
    * * *
    rigor nm
    1) : rigor, harshness
    2) : precision, meticulousness
    3)
    de rigor : usual
    la respuesta de rigor: the standard reply
    4)
    de rigor : essential, obligatory
    5)
    en rigor : strictly speaking, in reality

    Spanish-English dictionary > rigor

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