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61 aceptación

f.

1 acceptance, acknowledgment, acknowledgement, consent.

2 acceptance bill.

3 admissibility.

* * *

aceptación

► nombre femenino

1 acceptance

2 (aprobación) approval; (éxito) success

■ la película tuvo poca aceptación the film wasn't popular, the film met with little success

* * *

noun f.

acceptance

* * *

SF (=acto) acceptance; (=aprobación) approval; (=popularidad) popularity, standing

mandar algo a la aceptación — (Com) to send sth on approval

este producto tendrá una aceptación enorme — this product will be widely welcomed

no tener aceptación — to be unsuccessful

* * *

femenino

a) ( éxito) success

de gran aceptación entre los jóvenes — very popular o successful with young people

b) ( acción) acceptance

* * *

= acceptance, favour [favor, -USA], take-up, uptake, assent, embrace, accommodation, thumbs up, admission.

Ex. Two remarkable features of the BM code are its acceptance of corporate authorship, and its use of form headings.

Ex. Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

Ex. One of the reasons for the relatively slow take-up of microcomputers in libraries in the Philippines is the problem caused by the multitude of languages used in the island group.

Ex. The project is investigating the factors which promote or inhibit the uptake of computers in primary schools.

Ex. The new Act, which received the royal assent in 1710, was not entirely to their taste however, for it ruled that copyright in a new book belonged not to its publisher but to its author.

Ex. The Web's full embrace of constant change means that even old friend sites may be unrecognisable after technology facelifts.

Ex. Whatever structure emerges will be one of accommodation and acceptance by the various stakeholders both in and outside the library.

Ex. The article 'Apple Macintosh: thumbs up? thumbs down?' considers whether online searchers should use Apple Macintosh machines.

Ex. Secondly, the admission of rules incompatible with the general ideology adopted inevitably entails subsequent remedial revision.

----

* aceptación pasiva = acquiescence.

* adquisición pendiente de examen y aceptación = on approval acquisition, sending on approbation, sending on approval.

* encontrar aceptación = find + favour, find + acceptance, find + a home.

* grado de aceptación = acceptance rate.

* nivel de aceptación = adoption rate, acceptance rate.

* tasa de aceptación = adoption rate, acceptance rate.

* * *

femenino

a) ( éxito) success

de gran aceptación entre los jóvenes — very popular o successful with young people

b) ( acción) acceptance

* * *

= acceptance, favour [favor, -USA], take-up, uptake, assent, embrace, accommodation, thumbs up, admission.

Ex: Two remarkable features of the BM code are its acceptance of corporate authorship, and its use of form headings.

Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

Ex: One of the reasons for the relatively slow take-up of microcomputers in libraries in the Philippines is the problem caused by the multitude of languages used in the island group.

Ex: The project is investigating the factors which promote or inhibit the uptake of computers in primary schools.

Ex: The new Act, which received the royal assent in 1710, was not entirely to their taste however, for it ruled that copyright in a new book belonged not to its publisher but to its author.

Ex: The Web's full embrace of constant change means that even old friend sites may be unrecognisable after technology facelifts.

Ex: Whatever structure emerges will be one of accommodation and acceptance by the various stakeholders both in and outside the library.

Ex: The article 'Apple Macintosh: thumbs up? thumbs down?' considers whether online searchers should use Apple Macintosh machines.

Ex: Secondly, the admission of rules incompatible with the general ideology adopted inevitably entails subsequent remedial revision.

* aceptación pasiva = acquiescence.

* adquisición pendiente de examen y aceptación = on approval acquisition, sending on approbation, sending on approval.

* encontrar aceptación = find + favour, find + acceptance, find + a home.

* grado de aceptación = acceptance rate.

* nivel de aceptación = adoption rate, acceptance rate.

* tasa de aceptación = adoption rate, acceptance rate.

* * *

aceptación

feminine

1 (éxito) success

ha tenido gran aceptación entre los jóvenes it has been very popular o successful with young people

la película encontró poca aceptación the movie was badly received o had little success

2 (acción) acceptance

* * *

aceptación sustantivo femenino
a) ( éxito) success;

◊ de gran aceptación entre los jóvenes very popular o successful with young people

b) ( acción) acceptance

aceptación sustantivo femenino
1 acceptance
2 (éxito) success: esta música tiene poca aceptación, this kind of music isn't very popular
' aceptación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bilateral
English:
acceptance
- queer
- would
- hot

* * *

aceptación nf

1. [aprobación] acceptance

2. [éxito] success, popularity;

tener gran aceptación (entre) to be very popular (with o among)

3. Com & Fin acceptance

* * *

aceptación

f

1 acceptance;

encontrar buena aceptación de plan receive a warm welcome, be welcomed; de producto, novela be successful ( entre with)

2 éxito success

* * *

aceptación nf, pl - ciones

1) : acceptance

2) aprobación: approval

* * *

aceptación n acceptance

tener aceptación to be popular

Spanish-English dictionary > aceptación
62 estudiar

v.

1 to study (carrera, libro, asunto).

estudia biológicas he's studying biology

después de estudiar tu propuesta he decidido no aceptarla after studying your proposal, I've decided not to accept it

estudia todas las tardes he spends every afternoon studying

estudió con el Presidente he went to school/university with the President

¿estudias o trabajas? do you work or are you a student?

Lisa estudia arduamente Lisa studies hard.

Lisa estudia todos los libros Lisa studies every book.

Lisa estudia historia americana Lisa studies American history.

2 to observe.

3 to be a student, to study.

4 to feel out, to study.

El profesor estudia sus reacciones The teacher feels out their reactions.

* * *

estudiar

Conjugation model [ CAMBIAR], like cambiar

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to study, learn

■ estudia francés en el colegio she's learning French at school

2 (en universidad) to read, study

■ estudia medicina en Barcelona he's studying medicine at Barcelona

3 (trabajar) to work, study

■ tienes que estudiar más you have to work harder

4 (observar) to examine, observe

► verbo intransitivo

1 to study

■ estudia para maestro he's training to be a teacher

► verbo pronominal estudiarse

1 to consider

■ se está estudiando la posibilidad the possibility is being considered

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estudiar de memoria to learn by heart

* * *

verb

to study

* * *

1. VT

1) (=aprender) [+ lección, papel] to learn

estoy estudiando francés en una academia — I'm learning French at a language school

se estudió el papel en media hora — she learned her part in half an hour

tengo mucho que estudiar — I've got a lot of work o studying to do

esta tarde tengo que estudiar matemáticas — I have to do some maths this evening

2) (=cursar) to study

estudió arquitectura — he studied architecture

estoy estudiando piano — I'm studying the piano

quería que su hijo estudiase una carrera — she wanted her son to go to university o to do a degree

¿qué curso estudias? — what year are you in?

3) (=examinar) [informe, experimento] to examine, look into; [persona] to study, look into

el informe estudia los efectos de la sequía — the report examines o looks into the effects of the drought

están estudiando el comportamiento de los insectos — they are studying o looking into insect behaviour

me estudió de pies a cabeza — he looked me up and down

4) (=considerar) to consider, study

estudiaremos su oferta y ya le contestaremos — we shall consider o study your offer and get back to you

el informe está siendo estudiado — the report is being studied o is under consideration

están estudiando la posibilidad de convocar una huelga — they are looking into the possibility of calling a strike, they are considering calling a strike

2. VI

1) (=aprender) to study

tienes que estudiar más — you have to work o study harder

me tengo que ir a estudiar ahora — I must go and do some work o studying now

2) (=cursar estudios) to study

estudió con el Profesor García Montero — she studied under Professor García Montero

estudia en un colegio de monjas — she goes to a convent school

dejé de estudiar a los trece años — I left school at thirteen

estudiar para algo — to study to be sth

mi hijo estudia para abogado — my son is studying to be a lawyer

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) < asignatura> to study

estudia música — he's studying music; ( en la universidad) to study, read (frml)

estudia medicina — she's studying o doing o reading medicine

¿qué carrera estudió? — what subject did he do at college/university?

b) < instrumento> to learn

2) <lección/tablas> to learn

3) ( observar) <rostro/comportamiento> to study

4) (considerar, analizar) <mercado/situación/proyecto> to study; < propuesta> to study, consider

estudiaron sus posibles causas — they looked into its possible causes
2.
estudiar vi to study

tengo que estudiar para el examen — I have to do some work o studying for the test

estudia en un colegio privado — he goes to a private school

debes estudiar más — you must work harder

dejó de estudiar a los 15 años — she left school at 15

estudiar para algo — to study to be something
3.
estudiarse v pron

a) (enf) < lección> to study; < papel> to learn

b) (recípr) ( observarse)

se estudiaron largo rato — they watched each other closely for a long time

* * *

= analyse [analyze, -USA], envisage, examine, explore, look, look at, look into, ponder (over/on/upon), present + discussion, study, survey, think out, weigh, work on, get into, see about, observe, weigh up, look toward(s), review, work through, probe.

Ex. With a clear objective, the next step is to analyse the concepts that are present in a search.

Ex. It is fairly common to have to modify a standard list, or compile a fresh list when a new application is envisaged.

Ex. The article 'Home schoolers: a forgotten clientele?' examines ways in which the library can support parents and children in the home schooling situation.

Ex. Next I will illustrate a simple search profile which does not explore all possible synonyms, but does serve to illustrate weighted term logic.

Ex. This chapter takes the opportunity to look at an assortment of other aspects of bibliographic description.

Ex. This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.

Ex. The main concern is to look into current use of, and interest in, electronic information services, and also to gauge opinion on setting up a data base concerned solely with development issues.

Ex. If we instruct it to ponder this question more leisurely, it will quickly try the user's patience with digressions concerning the less illustrious senior MOZART, LEOPOLD.

Ex. This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.

Ex. Each of the binders is portable and can be separately studied.

Ex. Chapters 7 and 8 introduced the problems associated with author cataloguing and have surveyed the purpose of cataloguing codes.

Ex. A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

Ex. Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.

Ex. I've been working on next year's budget, and it would be fair to add eight percent to materials and salaries.

Ex. 'But didn't you say that one of the reasons you wanted to leave was because you were tired of macramËéË and wanted to get into computers?'.

Ex. The head of reference told me that he's going to see about a dress code for the staff, prohibiting slacks for women.

Ex. 141 data bases were observed, most of them had been developed in the life sciences as well as in the earth, ocean and space sciences.

Ex. The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.

Ex. Libraries are looking towards some sort of cooperative system.

Ex. There is only space to review briefly the special problems associated with the descriptive cataloguing of nonbook materials.

Ex. Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.

Ex. The librarian sometimes must probe to discover the context of the question and to be able to discuss various possible approaches and explore their merits.

----

* al estudiar Algo más detenidamente = on closer examination, on closer inspection.

* estudiar Algo = be under consideration.

* estudiar alternativas = explore + alternative.

* estudiar desde una perspectiva = see through.

* estudiar detenidamente = take + a hard look at, take + a long hard look at, go through, be carefully considered, think through.

* estudiar el modo de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* estudiar en detalle = study + at length.

* estudiar en el extranjero = study abroad, study + abroad.

* estudiar en una Universidad = attend + Universidad.

* estudiar hasta muy tarde = burn + the midnight oil.

* estudiar la evolución histórica de Algo = historicise [historicize, -USA].

* estudiar la manera de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* estudiar la posibilidad = explore + the possibility.

* estudiar minuciosamente = study + in great depth, pore.

* estudiar + Nombre + teniendo en cuenta + Nombre = place + Nombre + against the background of + Nombre.

* estudiar una necesidad = analyse + need.

* estudiar una posibilidad = explore + idea.

* estudiar una Titulación = work toward/on + Titulación.

* estudiar un tema = pursue + subject.

* merecer la pena estudiar Algo = repay + study.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) < asignatura> to study

estudia música — he's studying music; ( en la universidad) to study, read (frml)

estudia medicina — she's studying o doing o reading medicine

¿qué carrera estudió? — what subject did he do at college/university?

b) < instrumento> to learn

2) <lección/tablas> to learn

3) ( observar) <rostro/comportamiento> to study

4) (considerar, analizar) <mercado/situación/proyecto> to study; < propuesta> to study, consider

estudiaron sus posibles causas — they looked into its possible causes
2.
estudiar vi to study

tengo que estudiar para el examen — I have to do some work o studying for the test

estudia en un colegio privado — he goes to a private school

debes estudiar más — you must work harder

dejó de estudiar a los 15 años — she left school at 15

estudiar para algo — to study to be something
3.
estudiarse v pron

a) (enf) < lección> to study; < papel> to learn

b) (recípr) ( observarse)

se estudiaron largo rato — they watched each other closely for a long time

* * *

= analyse [analyze, -USA], envisage, examine, explore, look, look at, look into, ponder (over/on/upon), present + discussion, study, survey, think out, weigh, work on, get into, see about, observe, weigh up, look toward(s), review, work through, probe.

Ex: With a clear objective, the next step is to analyse the concepts that are present in a search.

Ex: It is fairly common to have to modify a standard list, or compile a fresh list when a new application is envisaged.

Ex: The article 'Home schoolers: a forgotten clientele?' examines ways in which the library can support parents and children in the home schooling situation.

Ex: Next I will illustrate a simple search profile which does not explore all possible synonyms, but does serve to illustrate weighted term logic.

Ex: This chapter takes the opportunity to look at an assortment of other aspects of bibliographic description.

Ex: This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.

Ex: The main concern is to look into current use of, and interest in, electronic information services, and also to gauge opinion on setting up a data base concerned solely with development issues.

Ex: If we instruct it to ponder this question more leisurely, it will quickly try the user's patience with digressions concerning the less illustrious senior MOZART, LEOPOLD.

Ex: This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.

Ex: Each of the binders is portable and can be separately studied.

Ex: Chapters 7 and 8 introduced the problems associated with author cataloguing and have surveyed the purpose of cataloguing codes.

Ex: A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

Ex: Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.

Ex: I've been working on next year's budget, and it would be fair to add eight percent to materials and salaries.

Ex: 'But didn't you say that one of the reasons you wanted to leave was because you were tired of macramËéË and wanted to get into computers?'.

Ex: The head of reference told me that he's going to see about a dress code for the staff, prohibiting slacks for women.

Ex: 141 data bases were observed, most of them had been developed in the life sciences as well as in the earth, ocean and space sciences.

Ex: The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.

Ex: Libraries are looking towards some sort of cooperative system.

Ex: There is only space to review briefly the special problems associated with the descriptive cataloguing of nonbook materials.

Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.

Ex: The librarian sometimes must probe to discover the context of the question and to be able to discuss various possible approaches and explore their merits.

* al estudiar Algo más detenidamente = on closer examination, on closer inspection.

* estudiar Algo = be under consideration.

* estudiar alternativas = explore + alternative.

* estudiar desde una perspectiva = see through.

* estudiar detenidamente = take + a hard look at, take + a long hard look at, go through, be carefully considered, think through.

* estudiar el modo de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* estudiar en detalle = study + at length.

* estudiar en el extranjero = study abroad, study + abroad.

* estudiar en una Universidad = attend + Universidad.

* estudiar hasta muy tarde = burn + the midnight oil.

* estudiar la evolución histórica de Algo = historicise [historicize, -USA].

* estudiar la manera de = explore + ways in which, explore + ways and means of.

* estudiar la posibilidad = explore + the possibility.

* estudiar minuciosamente = study + in great depth, pore.

* estudiar + Nombre + teniendo en cuenta + Nombre = place + Nombre + against the background of + Nombre.

* estudiar una necesidad = analyse + need.

* estudiar una posibilidad = explore + idea.

* estudiar una Titulación = work toward/on + Titulación.

* estudiar un tema = pursue + subject.

* merecer la pena estudiar Algo = repay + study.

* * *

estudiar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 ‹asignatura› to study; (en la universidad) to study, read ( frml)

estudiaba inglés en una academia I used to study English at a language school

estudia medicina en la universidad de Salamanca she's studying o doing o reading medicine at Salamanca university

¿qué carrera estudió? what subject did he do at college/university?, what did he study at college/university?, what (subject) did he take his degree in?

2 ( Mús) ‹instrumento› to learn

B ‹lección/tablas› to learn

me tengo que poner a estudiar geografía para el examen I have to get down to studying o ( AmE) reviewing o ( BrE) revising geography for the test

C (observar) to study

estudia el comportamiento de las aves he studies the behavior of birds

me di cuenta de que me estaba estudiando I realized that he was observing o watching o studying me

D (considerar, analizar) ‹mercado/situación/proyecto› to study; ‹propuesta› to study, consider

están estudiando los pasos a seguir they're considering what steps to take

estudiaron las posibles causas del accidente they looked into the possible causes of the accident

■ estudiar

vi

to study

este fin de semana tengo que estudiar para el examen this weekend I have to do some work o studying for the test o I have to review ( AmE) o ( BrE) revise for the test

estudia en un colegio privado he goes to a private school

a ver si este año estudias más I hope you're going to work harder this year

tuvo que dejar de estudiar a los 15 años para ayudar a su madre she had to leave school at 15 to help her mother

estudiar PARA algo to study to be sth

estudia para economista she's studying to be an economist

no come nada, está estudiando para fideo ( hum); she doesn't eat a thing, she's in training for the slimming olympics ( hum)

■ estudiarse

v pron

1 ( enf) ‹lección› to study

se estudió el papel en una tarde he learned his part in an afternoon

2 ( recípr)

(observarse): los dos niños se estudiaron largo rato the two children watched each other closely for a long time

* * *

estudiar ( conjugate estudiar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹ asignatura› to study;

( en la universidad) to study, read (frml);
◊ ¿qué carrera estudió? what subject did he do at college/university?

b) ‹ instrumento› to learn

c) ‹lección/tablas› to learn

2 ( observar) ‹rostro/comportamiento› to study
3 (considerar, analizar) ‹mercado/situación/proyecto› to study;
‹ propuesta› to study, consider;
‹ causas› to look into, investigate
verbo intransitivo
to study;
◊ estudia en un colegio privado he goes to a private school;

debes estudiar más you must work harder;
dejó de estudiar a los 15 años she left school at 15;
estudiar para algo to study to be sth
estudiarse verbo pronominal ( enf) ‹ lección› to study;

‹ papel› to learn
estudiar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to study: estudia para abogado, she's studying to become a lawyer ➣ Ver nota en study
' estudiar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
base
- chapar
- concentrarse
- cursar
- empollar
- investigar
- machacar
- mamarrachada
- repasar
- servir
- trabajar
- valer
- chancar
- duro
- empeño
- empezar
- firme
- fuerza
- haber
- hacer
- ir
- junto
- más
- matar
- tener
- tragar
- ver
English:
award
- bar
- burn
- consideration
- do
- hard
- investigate
- pore
- read
- read up
- resolve
- school
- stop
- study
- text
- think out
- train
- whatever
- work
- day
- depth
- examine
- further
- get
- kick
- look
- research
- review
- swot
- take

* * *

estudiar

♦ vt

1. [carrera, asignatura, lección] to study;

estudia biológicas he's studying biology;

tengo que estudiar más inglés I've got to work at my English;

¿qué estudiaste en la universidad? what did you study at university?

2. [asunto] to study;
[oferta, propuesta] to study, to consider;
después de estudiar tu propuesta he decidido no aceptarla having considered your proposal, I've decided not to accept it;

lo estudiaré y mañana te doy una respuesta I'll consider it and get back to you tomorrow;

el gobierno estudia la posibilidad de subir las pensiones the government is studying the possibility of raising pensions

3. [observar] to observe;

estuvo estudiándonos durante un rato he stayed watching us for a while;

desde allí podía estudiar todos los movimientos del animal from there I could observe all the animal's movements

♦ vi

to study;

estudia todas las tardes he spends every afternoon studying;

no puede salir, tiene que estudiar she can't come out, she's got to study;

hay que estudiar más, González you'll have to work harder, González;

estudió con el Presidente he went to school/university with the President;

dejó de estudiar a los quince años he left school at fifteen;

estudié en los jesuitas I went to a Jesuit school;

estudia en la Universidad Centroamericana he's a student o he's studying at the University of Central America;

estudiar para médico to be studying to be a doctor;

¿estudias o trabajas? do you work or are you still at school?;
Esp Hum ≈ do you come here often?
♦ See also the pronominal verb estudiarse

* * *

estudiar

v/t & v/i study

* * *

estudiar v

: to study

* * *

estudiar vb to study [pt. & pp. studied]

estudia biología she's studying biology

Si se estudia un idioma o un instrumento musical, se dice learn

estudio inglés I'm learning English

estudia piano she's learning the piano

estudiar de memoria to learn by heart

Spanish-English dictionary > estudiar
63 intervenir

v.

1 to tap.

El tipo interviene el proyecto The guy tap the project.

2 to seize (incautarse de).

3 to audit (finance) (cuentas).

La contraloría interviene a la empresa The comptroller audits the company.

4 to take part.

intervino en varias películas cómicas (en discusión, debate) she appeared in several comedy films

en la evolución de la economía intervienen muchos factores several different factors play a part in the state of the economy

después del presidente intervino el Sr. Ramírez Mr Ramirez spoke after the president

5 to intervene (interferir, imponer el orden).

El juez interviene a veces The judge intervenes sometimes.

6 to operate on, to perform surgery on, to make an intervention on.

Te interviene el Dr. Pérez Dr. Perez makes an operation on you.

7 to take over, to take control of, to take over the operation of.

El socio interviene la empresa The associate takes over the operation of..

8 to confiscate, to seize.

La corte interviene sus bienes The court seized his belongings.

* * *

intervenir

Conjugation model [ VENIR], like link=venir venir

► verbo intransitivo

1 (tomar parte) to take part (en, in); (mediar) to intervene

2 (interrumpir) to intervene

3 (hablar) to speak (en, at)

► verbo transitivo

1 MEDICINA to operate on

2 (alijo, mercancía) to seize

3 (teléfono) to tap

4 (cuentas) to audit

* * *

verb

1) to intervene

2) take part

3) operate

* * *

1. VI

1) (=tomar parte) to take part

no intervino en el debate — he did not take part in the debate

la reyerta en la que intervino el acusado — the brawl in which the defendant took part o was involved

2) (=injerirse) to intervene

España rehusó intervenir militarmente — Spain refused to intervene militarily

la policía intervino para separar a las dos pandillas — the police intervened to separate the two gangs

3) (=mediar)

el presidente intervino para que se pudiera llegar a un acuerdo — the president mediated o interceded so that an agreement could be reached

intervino para que los sacaran de la cárcel — he used his influence to get them out of prison

las circunstancias que intervinieron en mi dimisión — the circumstances that influenced my resignation

él no intervino en la decisión — he did not have a hand in the decision

2. VT

1) (=controlar) to take over, take control of

la junta militar intervino todas las cadenas estatales — the junta took over o took control of all the state-run channels

el gobierno intervino a los ferroviarios — the government took over o took control of the railworkers' union

2) (Com) [+ cuenta] to audit; [+ banco, empresa] to take into administration; [+ cuenta, bienes] to freeze

3) (Med) to operate on

lo intervinieron quirúrgicamente — he was operated on

4) [+ droga, armas, patrimonio, bienes] to confiscate, seize

5) [+ teléfono] to tap

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

a) (en debate, operación) to take part; ( en espectáculo) to appear, perform

b) ( mediar) to intervene, intercede (frml)

en mi decisión intervinieron muchos factores — there were many factors involved in my decision

c) ( tomar parte) to intervene

tuvieron que intervenir en la pelea — they had to intervene to stop the fight

no quiso intervenir en la pelea — he didn't want to get involved in the fight
2.
intervenir vt

1)

a) < teléfono> to tap

b) ( tomar control de) < empresa> to place... in administration

c) ( inspeccionar) < cuentas> to audit, inspect

d) <armas/droga> to seize, confiscate

e) (AmL) <universidad/emisora> to take over the running of, take control of

2) ( operar) to operate on

fue intervenido en una clínica privada — he underwent surgery in a private clinic

* * *

= go into, have + a hand in, step in, intervene, jump in, obtrude (into), cut in, mediate, intersect, come into + play, call into + play, wiretap [wire-tap], weigh in, chime in.

Ex. As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.

Ex. For the benefit of all users of the thesaurus who have not had a hand in its initial compilation some written record describing the anticipated use of the thesaurus is valuable.

Ex. Furthermore, children can be misled by group influences into reading truly pernicious material (hard core ponography, for example) and when this happens adults have a clear responsibility to step in and do something about it.

Ex. And again, this is a point at which the teacher may need to intervene to provide examples.

Ex. The unhappy tendency among teachers -- an occupational neurosis -- is to jump in too early and too often, especially if the talk wanders from direct comments about books under consideration.

Ex. The librarian will provide whatever help is required without obtruding into the process.

Ex. 'I'm not sure what 'arbitrary and capricious' means,' Stanton cut in reasonably.

Ex. School library media professionals who mediate in the learning experiences of students must be well informed critical thinkers.

Ex. Contingency plans can be devised to intersect at several points on this time continuum.

Ex. There are, of course, all sorts of other considerations which come into play in determining the income which a publisher might obtain from a book.

Ex. Ethical principles are called into play when deliberating about values, particularly when values run into conflict.

Ex. The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.

Ex. If Division VIII is best positioned to weigh in on terminology, Division VIII should do so and the rest of us should follow that lead.

Ex. A few members of this list have done this, so wait for them to chime in here.

----

* intervenir con = chime in with.

* intervenir en un conflicto = enter + conflict.

* que intervienen = at play.

* si no intervienen otros factores = ceteris paribus, all (other) things being equal.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

a) (en debate, operación) to take part; ( en espectáculo) to appear, perform

b) ( mediar) to intervene, intercede (frml)

en mi decisión intervinieron muchos factores — there were many factors involved in my decision

c) ( tomar parte) to intervene

tuvieron que intervenir en la pelea — they had to intervene to stop the fight

no quiso intervenir en la pelea — he didn't want to get involved in the fight
2.
intervenir vt

1)

a) < teléfono> to tap

b) ( tomar control de) < empresa> to place... in administration

c) ( inspeccionar) < cuentas> to audit, inspect

d) <armas/droga> to seize, confiscate

e) (AmL) <universidad/emisora> to take over the running of, take control of

2) ( operar) to operate on

fue intervenido en una clínica privada — he underwent surgery in a private clinic

* * *

= go into, have + a hand in, step in, intervene, jump in, obtrude (into), cut in, mediate, intersect, come into + play, call into + play, wiretap [wire-tap], weigh in, chime in.

Ex: As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.

Ex: For the benefit of all users of the thesaurus who have not had a hand in its initial compilation some written record describing the anticipated use of the thesaurus is valuable.

Ex: Furthermore, children can be misled by group influences into reading truly pernicious material (hard core ponography, for example) and when this happens adults have a clear responsibility to step in and do something about it.

Ex: And again, this is a point at which the teacher may need to intervene to provide examples.

Ex: The unhappy tendency among teachers -- an occupational neurosis -- is to jump in too early and too often, especially if the talk wanders from direct comments about books under consideration.

Ex: The librarian will provide whatever help is required without obtruding into the process.

Ex: 'I'm not sure what 'arbitrary and capricious' means,' Stanton cut in reasonably.

Ex: School library media professionals who mediate in the learning experiences of students must be well informed critical thinkers.

Ex: Contingency plans can be devised to intersect at several points on this time continuum.

Ex: There are, of course, all sorts of other considerations which come into play in determining the income which a publisher might obtain from a book.

Ex: Ethical principles are called into play when deliberating about values, particularly when values run into conflict.

Ex: The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.

Ex: If Division VIII is best positioned to weigh in on terminology, Division VIII should do so and the rest of us should follow that lead.

Ex: A few members of this list have done this, so wait for them to chime in here.

* intervenir con = chime in with.

* intervenir en un conflicto = enter + conflict.

* que intervienen = at play.

* si no intervienen otros factores = ceteris paribus, all (other) things being equal.

* * *

intervenir [ I31 ]

vi

1 (en un debate) to take part; (en un espectáculo) to appear, perform; (en una operación) to take part

2 (mediar) to intervene, intercede ( frml)

intervino ante el director a nuestro favor she intervened o interceded on our behalf with the director

en mi decisión han intervenido muchos factores many factors have had a bearing on my decision

3 (involucrarse, inmiscuirse) to intervene, get involved

no pensamos intervenir en los problemas internos de otros países we do not intend intervening o getting involved in the internal affairs of other countries

los profesores tuvieron que intervenir en la pelea the teachers had to intervene to stop the fight

no quiso intervenir en la pelea he didn't want to get involved in the fight

■ intervenir

vt

A

1 ‹teléfono› to tap

2 (tomar control de) ‹empresa› to place … in administration

3 (inspeccionar) ‹cuentas› to audit, inspect

4 ‹armas/droga› to seize, confiscate

5 ( AmL) ‹universidad/emisora› to take over the running of, take control of

B (operar) to operate on

fue intervenido en una clínica privada he had his operation o he was operated on o he underwent surgery in a private clinic

* * *

intervenir ( conjugate intervenir) verbo intransitivo
a) (en debate, operación) to take part;

( en espectáculo) to appear, perform
b) ( mediar) to intervene, intercede (frml);

◊ en mi decisión intervinieron muchos factores there were many factors involved in my decision;

intervenir en una pelea to intervene o step in to stop a fight;

( involucrarse) to get involved in a fight
verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹ teléfono› to tap

b) ( tomar control de) ‹ empresa› to place … in administration

c) ( inspeccionar) ‹ cuentas› to audit, inspect

d) ‹armas/droga› to seize, confiscate

2 ( operar) to operate on;
◊ fue intervenido en una clínica privada he underwent surgery in a private clinic

intervenir
I vi (mediar) to intervene [en, in]
(participar) to take part [en, in]: me gustaría intervenir en el debate, I'd like to take part in the debate
II verbo transitivo
1 (un alijo de droga, etc) to confiscate, to seize: la policía ha intervenido la droga en la frontera, the police seized the drugs at the border
2 (bloquear una cuenta bancaria) to block o freeze: el juez ha intervenido su cuenta, the judge froze his bank account
(auditar) to audit
3 (un teléfono) to tap: me parece que la línea está intervenida, I think they put a tap on our phone
4 Med (a un paciente) to operate on: le van a intervenir mañana a las nueve, they're performing her surgery tomorrow at nine o'clock
' intervenir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
mediar
- terciar
English:
intervene
- join in
- step in
- interest
- move
- operate
- step
- tap

* * *

intervenir

♦ vt

1. [operar]
intervenir (quirúrgicamente) to operate on

2. Com [cuentas] to audit

3. [teléfono, línea] to tap;
[correspondencia] to open
4. [incautarse de] to seize

5. Am [institución privada] to put into administration

♦ vi

1. [participar] to take part (en in); [en pelea, discusión] to get involved (en in);
intervino en varias películas cómicas she appeared in several comedy films;

en la evolución de la economía intervienen muchos factores several different factors play a part in the state of the economy;

después del presidente intervino el Sr. Ramírez Mr Ramirez spoke after the president;

yo quisiera intervenir para decir que no estamos de acuerdo con la propuesta I would just like to say something: we do not agree with the proposal;

¿alguien más quisiera intervenir sobre esta cuestión? would anyone else like so say something on this issue?

2. [interferir, imponer el orden] to intervene (en in);
la policía tuvo que intervenir para separar a las dos aficiones the police had to intervene to separate the two groups of fans

3. [mediar] to intervene, to intercede;

su padre intervino ante su madre para que lo dejara salir his father spoke to his mother to persuade her to let him go out;

la ONU intervino para lograr un acuerdo the UN intervened o interceded in order to get an agreement

4. [operar]
intervenir (quirúrgicamente) to operate

* * *

intervenir

I v/i intervene; en debate, congreso take part, participate; en película, espectáculo appear

II v/t

1 TELEC tap

2 contrabando seize

3 MED operate on

* * *

intervenir {87} vi

1) : to take part

2) interceder: to intervene, to intercede

intervenir vt

1) : to control, to supervise

2) : to audit

3) : to operate on

4) : to tap (a telephone)

* * *

intervenir vb

1. (interponerse) to intervene

tuvo que intervenir el profesor the teacher had to intervene

2. (tomar parte) to take part [pt. took; pp. taken]

en esa película intervino mucha gente a lot of people took part in the film

3. (operar) to operate on

tuvieron que intervenirlo de urgencia he had to be operated on urgently

Spanish-English dictionary > intervenir
64 parecer

m.

1 opinion.

cambiar de parecer to change one's mind

2 appearance.

v.

1 to look like.

parece un palacio it looks like a palace

parecía un sueño it was like a dream

Ella parece un payaso She looks like a clown.

2 to look, to seem.

pareces cansado you look o seem tired

es alemán, pero no lo parece he's German, but he doesn't look it

¡pareces bobo! are you stupid, or what?

Ella parece cansada She seems tired.

3 to seem to, to appear to.

Ella parece creer lo contrario She seems to believe the opposite.

Le parece sentir algo She seems to feel something.

* * *

parecer

Conjugation model [ AGRADECER], like link=agradecer agradecer

► nombre masculino

1 (opinión) opinion, mind

■ ¿has cambiado de parecer? have you changed your mind?

► verbo intransitivo

1 to seem, look (like)

■ parece fácil it seems easy, it looks easy

■ parece de verdad it looks real

■ parece un oso it looks like a bear

2 (opinar) to think

■ me parece que sí I think so

■ ¿qué te parece? what do you think?

3 (Used only in the 3rd pers, it does not take a subject) (aparentar) to look as if

■ parece que va a llover it looks as if it's going to rain

► verbo pronominal parecerse

1 to be alike, look like

■ se parecen mucho they're very much alike

■ el pequeño se parece mucho a su padre the little one looks just like his father

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a lo que parece apparently

al parecer apparently

parecer bien to seem right

parecer mal to seem wrong

¡parece mentira! I can't believe it!

según parece apparently

* * *
1. noun m.
1) opinion, view

2) appearance
2. verb
1) to seem

2) look

3) appear

4) think

•

- parecerse

* * *

1. SM

1) (=opinión) opinion, view

a mi parecer — in my opinion o view

somos del mismo parecer — we are of the same opinion o view

cambiar o mudar de parecer — to change one's mind

2) † (=aspecto)

de buen parecer — good-looking, handsome

de mal parecer — unattractive

2. VI

1) [uso copulativo]

a) [por el aspecto] + adj to look; + sustantivo to look like

esos zapatos no parecen muy cómodos — those shoes don't look very comfortable

pareces más joven — you look younger

parece una modelo — she looks like a model

¡pareces una reina! — you look like a queen!

una casa que parece un palacio — a house that looks like a palace

parece una foca — * she's huge o enormous *

estos guantes parecen de seda — these gloves feel like silk

b) (=por el carácter, el comportamiento) to seem

parece muy afectado por la noticia — he seems very upset by the news

parecía una persona muy amable — she seemed very nice

desde que se divorció no parece la misma — since she got divorced she seems a different person

2) [uso impersonal] (=dar la impresión de) to seem

todo parecía indicar que estaba interesado — everything seemed to point towards him being interested

aunque no lo parezca — surprising though it may seem o más frm appear

así parece — so it seems o más frm appears

• al parecer, a lo que parece — apparently, seemingly

• parece como si + subjun —

parece como si quisiera ocultar algo — it's as if he were trying to hide something

en mi sueño parecía como si volara — in my dream it was as if I was flying

• parece que + indic —

parece que va a llover — it looks as though o as if it's going to rain, it looks like rain

parece que fue ayer — it seems only yesterday

parece que huele a gas — I think I can smell gas

• según parece — apparently, seemingly

• parece ser que + indic —

parece ser que van a aumentar las temperaturas — it seems o más frm appears (that) it's going to get warmer

parece ser que ha habido algún problema — it seems o más frm appears (that) there has been a problem

3) [indicando opinión]

parecerle a algn: ¿qué os pareció la película? — what did you think of the film?

¿no te parece extraño que no haya llamado? — don't you think it's strange that she hasn't called?

me parece bien que vayas — I think it's a good idea for you to go

te llamaré luego, si te parece bien — I'll phone you later, if that's all right with o by you

¡me parece muy mal! — I think it's shocking!

si a usted no le parece mal — if you don't mind

me parece mentira que haya pasado tanto tiempo — I can't believe it has been so long

podríamos ir al cine si te parece — we could go to the cinema if you like

vamos a la piscina, ¿te parece? — what do you say we go to the swimming pool?, what about going to the swimming pool?

como te parezca — as you wish

• parecer que, me parece que se está haciendo tarde — it's getting rather late, I think

me parece que sí — I think so

me parece que no — I don't think so

¿te parece que está bien no acudir a una cita? — do you think it's acceptable not to turn up for an appointment?

4) † (=aparecer) to appear; [objeto perdido] to turn up

pareció el sol entre las nubes — the sun appeared through the clouds

ya parecieron los guantes — the gloves have turned up

¡ya pareció aquello! — so that was it!

3.

See:

parecerse

* * *
I 1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( aparentar ser)

parece mayor de lo que es — she looks older than she is

parece fácil — it looks easy

parecen simpáticos — they seem nice

pareces tonto — are you stupid or something?

no pareces tú en esta foto — this picture doesn't look like you (at all)

parecía de cuero — it looked like leather

parecer + INF — to seem to + inf

todo parece indicar que... — everything appears o seems o (frml) would seem to indicate that...

parece ser muy inteligente — she seems to be very clever

2) ( expresando opinión) (+ me/te/le etc)

su comentario me pareció muy acertado — I thought his remark (was) very apt

todo le parece mal — he's never happy with anything

¿qué te parecieron? — what did you think of them?

deberíamos invitarlos - ¿te parece? — we ought to invite them - do you think so?

vamos a la playa ¿te parece? — what do you think, shall we go to the beach?

podemos reunirnos si te parece bien — we could meet up if that's alright with you

me parece que sí — I think so

¿a ti qué te parece? — what do you think?

me parece importante mencionarlo — I think it's important to mention it

¿te parece bonito contestarme así? — is that any way to speak to me?

me/nos parece que tiene razón — I/we think she's right

me pareció que no era necesario — I didn't think it necessary

¿te parece que éstas son horas de llegar? — what time do you call this?

hazlo como mejor te parezca — do it however o as you think best; (+ subj)

me parece mal que vaya sola — I don't think it's right that she should go on her own

me parece raro que... — it seems odd o I find it odd that...

me parece importante que ella esté presente — I think it's important that she (should) be here

3) (haber indicios, señales) (en 3^a pers)

según parece or al parecer todo va bien — it looks as though everything's going well, everything seems to be going well

así parece or parece que sí — it looks like it o it would seem so

aunque no lo parezca, está limpio — it might not look like it, but it's clean

¿le gusta? - parece que no — does he like it? - apparently not

parece que no, pero cansa — you wouldn't think so, but it's tiring

parece que va a llover — it looks like (it's going to) rain

parece que fue ayer — it seems like only yesterday

parece (ser) que tiene razón — she appears to be right, it seems she's right

parecería que... — it would seem that...; (+ subj)

parece increíble que hayan sobrevivido — it seems incredible that they survived

parece mentira que tenga 20 años — it's hard to believe o I can't believe that he's 20

parece que para él no pasaran los años — he never seems to get any older

parece que fuera mas joven — you'd think she was much younger

no parece que le haya gustado — lt doesn't look as if he liked it
2.
parecerse v pron

a) ( asemejarse)

parecerse A alguien/algo — ( en lo físico) to look o to be like somebody/something; ( en el carácter) to be like somebody/something

no son ricos ni nada que se le parezca — they're not wealthy, not by any means

b) (recípr) to be alike

no se parecen en nada — they're not/they don't look in the least bit alike

se parecen mucho — they are very similar
II
masculino

a) ( opinión) opinion

a mi parecer — in my opinion

son del mismo parecer — they're of the same opinion

soy del parecer de que... — I believe o (frml) I am of the opinion that...

ello me hizo cambiar de parecer — it made me change my mind

b)

de buen parecer — (ant) handsome

* * *
I 1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( aparentar ser)

parece mayor de lo que es — she looks older than she is

parece fácil — it looks easy

parecen simpáticos — they seem nice

pareces tonto — are you stupid or something?

no pareces tú en esta foto — this picture doesn't look like you (at all)

parecía de cuero — it looked like leather

parecer + INF — to seem to + inf

todo parece indicar que... — everything appears o seems o (frml) would seem to indicate that...

parece ser muy inteligente — she seems to be very clever

2) ( expresando opinión) (+ me/te/le etc)

su comentario me pareció muy acertado — I thought his remark (was) very apt

todo le parece mal — he's never happy with anything

¿qué te parecieron? — what did you think of them?

deberíamos invitarlos - ¿te parece? — we ought to invite them - do you think so?

vamos a la playa ¿te parece? — what do you think, shall we go to the beach?

podemos reunirnos si te parece bien — we could meet up if that's alright with you

me parece que sí — I think so

¿a ti qué te parece? — what do you think?

me parece importante mencionarlo — I think it's important to mention it

¿te parece bonito contestarme así? — is that any way to speak to me?

me/nos parece que tiene razón — I/we think she's right

me pareció que no era necesario — I didn't think it necessary

¿te parece que éstas son horas de llegar? — what time do you call this?

hazlo como mejor te parezca — do it however o as you think best; (+ subj)

me parece mal que vaya sola — I don't think it's right that she should go on her own

me parece raro que... — it seems odd o I find it odd that...

me parece importante que ella esté presente — I think it's important that she (should) be here

3) (haber indicios, señales) (en 3^a pers)

según parece or al parecer todo va bien — it looks as though everything's going well, everything seems to be going well

así parece or parece que sí — it looks like it o it would seem so

aunque no lo parezca, está limpio — it might not look like it, but it's clean

¿le gusta? - parece que no — does he like it? - apparently not

parece que no, pero cansa — you wouldn't think so, but it's tiring

parece que va a llover — it looks like (it's going to) rain

parece que fue ayer — it seems like only yesterday

parece (ser) que tiene razón — she appears to be right, it seems she's right

parecería que... — it would seem that...; (+ subj)

parece increíble que hayan sobrevivido — it seems incredible that they survived

parece mentira que tenga 20 años — it's hard to believe o I can't believe that he's 20

parece que para él no pasaran los años — he never seems to get any older

parece que fuera mas joven — you'd think she was much younger

no parece que le haya gustado — lt doesn't look as if he liked it
2.
parecerse v pron

a) ( asemejarse)

parecerse A alguien/algo — ( en lo físico) to look o to be like somebody/something; ( en el carácter) to be like somebody/something

no son ricos ni nada que se le parezca — they're not wealthy, not by any means

b) (recípr) to be alike

no se parecen en nada — they're not/they don't look in the least bit alike

se parecen mucho — they are very similar
II
masculino

a) ( opinión) opinion

a mi parecer — in my opinion

son del mismo parecer — they're of the same opinion

soy del parecer de que... — I believe o (frml) I am of the opinion that...

ello me hizo cambiar de parecer — it made me change my mind

b)

de buen parecer — (ant) handsome

* * *

parecer¹

¹ = view.

Ex: There is an alternative method for the design of subject retrieval devices, and that is to build languages or schemes which depend upon some theoretical views about the nature and structure of knowledge.

* a mi parecer = to my mind, in my books.

* cambiar de parecer = change + Posesivo + mind, change + Posesivo + tune.

* cambiar de parecer a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.

* cambio de parecer = change of heart, change of mind.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de pareceres similares = like-minded.

* es mi parecer = my two cents' worth.

* mi parecer = my two cents' worth.

* según + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

parecer²

² = loom, seem, sound (like), sound + like, strike + Pronombre Personal, look, smack of, come off as.

Ex: The problem of their citation looms less significantly in abstracting and indexing products than that of the citation of periodical articles.

Ex: For this scheme it would seem sensible to order the foci within each facet differently according to the nature of the facet.

Ex: Limitless flexibility sounds to be the answer but it is, of course, impossibly expensive and unacceptable aesthetically.

Ex: 'I hope this doesn't sound like an off-the-wall remark but have you ever heard of or read anything about the so called mid-life crisis?'.

Ex: 'You commented earlier,' she said ingenuously, aloud, 'that Kass didn't strike you as the union type'.

Ex: An architectural rendering is a pictorial representation of a building intended to show, before it has been built, how the building will look when completed.

Ex: This opinion bothers me on two counts, one because it smacks of exploitation and, two, because a fair number of the world's leaders, for better or worse, were remarkably successful as leaders in spite of less than outstanding academic records.

Ex: I love the content of this discussion, and hope that my comments don't come off as negative.

* al parecer = apparently, apparently, it seems that..., supposedly, allegedly, it appeared that....

* aunque no lo parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* aunque parezca difícil = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.

* aunque parezca extraño = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* aunque parezca increíble = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.

* aunque parezca mentira = amazingly enough, believe it or not, strangely enough, incredibly, incredible though it may seem, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.

* aunque parezca raro = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.

* es lo que a mí me parece = my two cents' worth.

* ganar cuando todo parece estar perdido = victory from the jaws of defeat.

* hacer parecer = make + seem, make + Nombre + out to be.

* hacer parecer pequeño = dwarf.

* las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.

* las cosas son más complicadas de lo que parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.

* más complejo de lo que parece = more than meets the eye.

* más complicado de lo que parece = more than meets the eye.

* no parecer que = there + be + no sign of, there + be + little sign of.

* no parecerse en nada a = be nothing like.

* no parecerse ni por asomo = different as night and day.

* no parecer Uno Mismo = be out of character.

* o algo parecido = in the way of.

* o eso parece = or so it seems.

* parece como = appear + as though.

* parece que... = it seems that....

* parecer + Adjetivo = appear + Adjetivo.

* parecer atractivo = look + attractive.

* parecer bien = be all right with + Persona.

* parecer bueno = look + good.

* parecer contradictorio = appear + contradictory.

* parecer debatible = look + debatable.

* parecer en peligro = appear + in jeopardy.

* parecer estar = appear + to be.

* parecer increíble = beggar + belief.

* parecer loco = sound + crazy.

* parecer lógico = make + sense.

* parecer + merecer la pena + Infinitivo = seem + worth + Gerundio.

* parecer + Nombre = seem + like + Nombre.

* parecer probable = seem + likely.

* parecer prometedor = look + promising, show + promise.

* parecer raro = sound + odd.

* parecerse = bear + similarity, look + alike, take after.

* parecerse a = look like, resemble.

* parecer ser = appear + to be.

* parecer una eternidad = seem like + an eternity.

* parecer una locura = sound + crazy.

* parecer una probabilidad = loom up + a possibility.

* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.

* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.

* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.

* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* que parece dudoso = dubious-sounding.

* que parece sospechoso = dubious-sounding.

* qué te parece que... = what about....

* según parece = apparently, apparently, by the looks of it.

* ser lo más parecido a = be as close as we come to.

* ser parecido a = be close to.

* si se parece a un pato, anda como un pato y grazna como un pato, entonces es = If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck.

* tan sorprendente como pueda parecer = as amazing as it seems.

* * *

parecer¹ [E3 ]

vi

A

(aparentar ser): parece mucho mayor de lo que es she looks much older than she is

parece muy simpática she seems very nice

pareces tonto, no te enteras de nada are you stupid or something? you never know what's going on

vestida así parece una artista de cine she looks like a movie star dressed like that

no pareces tú en esta foto this picture doesn't look like you (at all), it's not a good likeness of you

es de plástico pero parece de cuero it's plastic but it looks like leather

B parecer + INF to seem to + INF

el problema parece no tener solución there appears o seems o ( frml) would seem to be no solution to the problem

parece tener más habilidad de la que creímos al principio she seems to be o it seems she is more skillful than we thought at first

todo parece indicar que … everything seems to o appears to o ( frml) would seem to indicate that …

C (expresando opinión) (+ me/te/le etc):

sus comentarios me parecieron muy acertados I thought his remarks (were) very apt, his remarks seemed very apt to me

elegí la que me pareció mejor I chose the one that I thought was the best o the one that seemed the best

todo le parece mal he's never happy with anything

¿qué te parecieron mis primos? what did you think of my cousins?

su interpretación me pareció pobrísima I thought o felt she gave a very poor performance, to my mind her performance was very poor

D

1 ( en tercera persona):

según parece or al pareceror a lo que parece todo marcha viento en popa it looks as though everything's going smoothly, everything seems to be going smoothly

¿por fin se van? — así parece or parece que sí are they finally going? — it looks like it o it would seem so

aunque no lo parezca, estuve limpiando toda la mañana it might not look like it, but I spent the whole morning cleaning

¿le gusta? — parece que no does he like it? — apparently not

parece que no, pero cansa muchísimo you wouldn't think so, but it's very tiring

2 (+ me/te/le etc):

hazlo como mejor te parezca or como te parezca mejor do it however o as you think best

como a usted le parezca whatever you think best

creo que deberíamos invitarlos — ¿te parece? I think we ought to invite them — do you think so?

vamos a la playa ¿te parece? let's go to the beach, would you like to?, do you fancy going to the beach? ( BrE colloq)

podemos reunirnos mañana, si te parece bien we could meet up tomorrow if that's alright o OK with you o if that suits you

¿habrán entendido? — me parece que sí do you think they understood? — I think so

creo que así está bien ¿a ti qué te parece? I think it's alright like that, what do you think? o ( colloq) what do you reckon?

E

1 ( en tercera persona) parecer QUE + INDIC:

parece que va a llover it looks like (it's going to) rain

parece que fue ayer it seems like only yesterday

parece (ser) que tiene razón she appears to be right, it seems she's right

parece (ser) que ha habido un malentendido there appears to have been o it seems there has been a misunderstanding

parecería que ahora están dipuestos a negociar it would seem that they are now ready to negotiate

2 (+ me/te/le etc):

me/nos parece que tiene razón I/we think she's right

me pareció que no era necesario llamarlo I didn't think it necessary to phone him

¿te parece que éstas son horas de llegar a casa? what do you mean by coming home at this time?, what sort of time is this to be coming home?

F ( en tercera persona)

1 (+ subj):

parece increíble que hayan sobrevivido el accidente it seems incredible that they survived the accident

parece mentira que ya tenga 20 años it's hard to believe o I can't believe o it seems incredible that she's 20 already

(+ me/te/le etc): me parece difícil que venga I think it's unlikely she'll come

me parece raro que no te lo haya comentado it seems odd o I find it odd o I think it's odd that he hasn't mentioned it to you

me parece importante que ella esté presente I think it's important that she (should) be here

2 (+ inf), (+ me/te/le etc):

me parece importante dejar esto claro I think it's important to make this clear

¿te parece bonito contestarle así a tu madre? is that any way to speak to your mother?

G ( en tercera persona)

1 parecer QUE + IMPERF SUBJ:

parece que para él no pasaran los años he never seems to get any older

tiene 40 años — parece que tuviera muchos menos she's 40 — she looks much younger o you'd think she was much younger

2 no parecer QUE + SUBJ:

no parecía que la situación fuera a cambiar it didn't look as though the situation was going to change

no parece que le haya hecho mucha gracia la idea it doesn't look as though he liked the idea much, he doesn't seem to have been very taken with the idea

(+ me/te/le etc): no me parece que esté tan mal I don't think it's that bad

■ parecerse

v pron

1 (asemejarse) parecerse A algn/algo (en lo físico) to look like sb/sth, to be like sb/sth; (en el carácter) to be like sb/sth

esa casa se parece bastante a la nuestra that house is rather like ours o fairly similar to ours

no son millonarios ni nada que se le parezca they're not millionaires, not by any means o ( colloq) not by a long shot ( AmE) o ( BrE) chalk

quien a los suyos se parece en nada los desmerece like breeds like

2 ( recípr) to be alike

no se parecen en nada they're not/they don't look in the least bit alike

estos cuadros se parecen mucho these pictures are very similar

parecer²

masculine

1 (opinión) opinion

a mi parecer in my opinion

son del mismo parecer they're of the same opinion

es del parecer de que el asunto debería reconsiderarse she believes o she is of the opinion that the matter should be reconsidered ( frml)

ello me hizo cambiar de parecer it made me change my mind

2

de buen parecer ( ant); handsome

* * *

parecer 1 ( conjugate parecer) verbo intransitivo
1 ( aparentar ser):
◊ parece fácil it looks easy;

no pareces tú en esta foto this picture doesn't look like you (at all);
parecía de cuero it looked like leather;
parece ser muy inteligente she seems to be very clever
2 ( expresando opinión) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ todo le parece mal he's never happy with anything;

¿qué te parecieron? what did you think of them?;
vamos a la playa ¿te parece? what do you think, shall we go to the beach?;
si te parece bien if that's alright with you;
me parece que sí I think so;
¿a ti qué te parece? what do you think?;
me parece importante I think it's important;
me pareció que no era necesario I didn't think it necessary;
hazlo como mejor te parezca do it however o as you think best;
me parece mal que vaya sola I don't think it's right that she should go on her own
3 ( dar la impresión) (en 3a pers): así parece or parece que sí it looks like it;
◊ aunque no lo parezca, está limpio it might not look like it, but it's clean;

parece que va a llover it looks like (it's going to) rain;
parece que fue ayer it seems like only yesterday;
parece mentira que tenga 20 años it's hard to believe o I can't believe that he's 20;
parece que fuera más joven you'd think she was much younger
parecerse verbo pronominal
a) ( asemejarse) parecerse A algn/algo ( en lo físico) to look o to be like sb/sth;

( en el carácter) to be like sb/sth
b) ( recípr) to be alike;

◊ no se parecen en nada they're not/they don't look in the least bit alike;

se parecen mucho they are very similar
parecer 2 sustantivo masculino ( opinión) opinion;
◊ a mi parecer in my opinion;

son del mismo parecer they're of the same opinion
parecer 1 sustantivo masculino
1 (juicio, opinión) opinion
cambiar de parecer, to change one's mind
2 frml (aspecto, presencia) appearance
parecer 2 verbo intransitivo
1 (tener un parecido) to look like: pareces una reina, you look like a queen
(tener un aspecto) to look: pareces agotado, you look exhausted
2 (causar una impresión) to seem: parecía tener prisa, he seemed to be in a hurry
su intención parece buena, his intention seems good
3 (al emitir un juicio) le pareces un engreído, he thinks you are a bighead
me parece inoportuno, it seems very ill-timed to me
¿qué te parece si vamos al cine?, what about going to the cinema?
4 (uso impersonal) parece que va a haber tormenta, it looks as if there's going to be a storm
no parece que le importe, it doesn't seem to bother him

' parecer' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
al
- aparentar
- emitir
- encontrar
- juicio
- mentira
- ver
- vista
- visto
- dar
- envejecer
- latir
- muñeca
- sonar
- tincar
English:
appear
- change
- cuff
- dwarf
- evidently
- feel
- look
- seem
- seemingly
- sound
- strike
- view
- apparently
- mind
- opinion
- suggestive
- tune

* * *

parecer

♦ nm

1. [opinión] opinion;

somos de igual o [m5] del mismo parecer we are of the same opinion;

a mi/nuestro/ etc[m5]. parecer in my/our/ etc opinion;

cambiar de parecer to change one's mind

2. [apariencia]
de buen parecer good-looking

♦ vi
[semejar] to look like;
parece un palacio it looks like a palace;

parecía un sueño it was like a dream

♦ v copulativo

to look, to seem;

pareces cansado you look o seem tired;

en la tele parece más joven she looks younger on the TV;

el casero parece buena persona the landlord seems nice o seems like a nice person;

parece de metal it looks like it's made of metal;

es alemán, pero no lo parece he's German, but he doesn't look it;

¡pareces bobo! are you stupid, or what?

♦ v impersonal

1. [indica opinión]
me parece que… I think that…, it seems to me that…;

me parece que viven juntos I think o believe they live together;

me parece que no voy a aprobar I don't think I'm going to pass;

me parece que sí/no I think/don't think so;

el examen me pareció bastante complicado I found the exam rather difficult, I thought the exam was rather difficult;

no me pareció interesante I didn't find it interesting, I didn't think it was interesting;

¿qué te parece mi vestido? what do you think of my dress?;

¿qué te parece si vamos a mi casa? why don't we go to my place?, what do you say we go to my place?;

¿qué te parece la idea? – me parece bien/mal what do you think of the idea? – it seems OK to me/I don't think much of it;

nada le parece bien she's never happy with anything;

todo le parece bien he always says yes to everything;

no me parece bien que llegues tan tarde I'm not pleased about you arriving so late;

me parece mal que se experimente con animales I don't agree with experiments on animals;

no me parece mal que venga I don't see anything wrong with her coming;

haz lo que te parezca [lo que quieras] do what you like;

haz lo que te parezca mejor do as you see fit, do what you think best;

parece mentira que todavía no haya dimitido it's incredible that he hasn't resigned yet;

es bastante caro, ¿no te parece? it's rather expensive, don't you think?;

si te parece (bien) quedamos el lunes we can meet on Monday, if that's all right by you;

podemos comer fuera, ¿te parece? why don't we go out for a meal?, what do you say we go out for a meal?;

¿te parece bonito lo que has hecho? are you pleased with yourself o satisfied now?

2. [tener aspecto de]
parece que va a llover it looks like (it's going to) rain;

parece que le gusta it looks as if o it seems (that) she likes it;

no parece que le guste he doesn't seem to like it, it seems (that) he doesn't like it;

parece (ser) que hay un pequeño malentendido there seems to be a small misunderstanding, it seems (like) there's a small misunderstanding;

ahora parece (ser) que quieren echarse atrás it now seems they want to pull out;

a lo que parece, al parecer apparently;

tienen mucho dinero, aunque no lo parezca it may not seem like it, but they've got a lot of money;

eso parece so it seems;

parece como si estuviéramos en invierno it's as if it was still winter;

parece que fue ayer cuando nos conocimos it seems like only yesterday that we met;

¿lo ha hecho? – parece que sí has she done it? – it seems so o it seems she has;

¿te han invitado? – parece que no have they invited you? – it seems not o it doesn't seem so;

parece que no, pero se tarda en llegar hasta aquí you'd be surprised how long it takes you to get here;

según parece apparently

♦ See also the pronominal verb parecerse

* * *

parecer

I m opinion, view;

al parecer apparently;

de buen parecer well-dressed;

dar su parecer give one’s opinion

II v/i seem, look;

me parece que I think (that), it seems to me that;

me parece bien it seems fine to me;

¿qué te parece? what do you think?;

si a usted le parece if you’re agreeable, if it suits you;

parece que va a llover it looks like rain, it looks like it’s going to rain

* * *

parecer {53} vi

1) : to seem, to look, to appear to be

parece bien fácil: it looks very easy

así parece: so it seems

pareces una princesa: you look like a princess

2) : to think, to have an opinion

me parece que sí: I think so

3) : to like, to be in agreement

si te parece: if you like, if it's all right with you

♦ See also the reflexive verb parecerse

* * *

parecer vb

1. (tener el aspecto) to look

pareces más alta you look taller

pareces cansada you look tired

Con un nombre se dice look like

con ese vestido pareces una princesa you look like a princess in that dress

2. (dar la impresión) to seem

el trabajo parecía fácil the work seemed easy

parece simpática she seems friendly

3. (opinar) to think [pt. & pp. thought]

me parece que he suspendido I think I've failed

¿qué te parece? what do you think?

4. (uso impersonal) to look / to seem

parece que no estás convencido you don't seem convinced

parece que ya se han marchado it looks as if they've gone

al parecer apparently

según parece apparently

Spanish-English dictionary > parecer
65 encima

adv.

1 on top (arriba).

pásame el de encima pass me the top one o the one on top

el vecino de encima the upstairs neighbor

encima de above; (en lugar superior que) on (top of) (sobre, en)

vivo encima de tu casa I live upstairs from you

el pan está encima de la nevera the bread is on (top of) the fridge

estar encima de alguien (figurative) to be on at somebody

por encima superficially (superficialmente)

por encima de over; more than (figurative)

vive por encima de sus posibilidades he lives beyond his means

por encima de todo more than anything else

2 on top of that.

encima de no hacerlo bien… on top of not doing it well…

encima de ser tonto, es feo on top of being stupid, he's also ugly

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: encimar.

imperat.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: encimar.

* * *

encima

► adverbio

1 (más arriba) above, overhead; (sobre) on top

■ tenían las estrellas encima they had the stars overhead

■ está allí encima it's there on top

2 (ropa etc) on, on top

■ se puso la americana y encima el abrigo he put on his jacket and his coat on top

■ ponte algo encima put something on

3 (consigo) on you (him etc)

■ ¿llevas cambio encima? do you have any change on you?

4 (además) in addition, besides

■ les dio un coche nuevo y muchas más cosas encima he gave them a new car and lots more besides

5 familiar (por si fuera poco) what's more, on top of that, besides

■ le robaron y encima le dieron una paliza they robbed him and on top of that they beat him up

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

de encima top, on top, above

■ el piso de encima the floor above

encima de (a más altura) over, above 2 (sobre) on 3 (además) besides, as well as, on top of that

■ van a construir otro piso encima del nuestro they're going to build another flat above ours

■ está encima de la mesa it's on the table

estar alguien encima de otro familiar to be on somebody's back, be breathing down somebody's neck

por encima (a más altura) above 2 (de pasada) superficially

■ lo repasó muy por encima he checked it through superficially

por encima de (más importante) above 2 (más allá) beyond

■ Pepe está por encima de ti Pepe is above you

■ está por encima de sus posibilidades it's beyond her capabilities

por encima de todo above all

quitarse algo de encima / quitarse a alguien de encima figurado to get rid of something / get rid of somebody

tener algo encima figurado to be just round the corner

■ tenemos el invierno encima winter is almost upon us

* * *

adv.

1) above, on top

2) upon

3) on top of that

•

- encima de

* * *

ADV

1) [en el espacio]

allí está el cerro y encima el castillo — you can see the hill there and the castle on top

le puse un libro encima — I put a book on top of it

déjelo ahí encima — leave it up there

el gato se me sentó encima — the cat sat on me

me he echado el café encima — I've spilt the coffee on myself

• encima de — [con contacto] on top of; [sin contacto] above

déjalo encima de la mesa — leave it on top of the table

colgó el cuadro encima del sofá — he hung the painting above the sofa

• llevar o tener algo encima, no llevaba encima la documentación — I didn't have the papers on me

nunca tiene dinero encima — he never has any money on him

creo que ya tienes bastante encima — I think you've got enough on your plate

• venirse encima de algn — [animal, vehículo] to come (straight) at sb, bear down on sb; [peso, mueble] to fall on (top of) sb

el armario se le vino encima — the wardrobe fell on top of me

no sabía lo que se le venía encima cuando llegara a casa — he didn't know what was going to hit him when he got home

- echarse a algn encima

con su actitud se echó encima a todos sus compañeros — he got on the wrong side of all his colleagues because of his attitude

- echársele encima a algn

el Parlamento se le echó encima — Parliament came down (hard) on him

- estar encima de algn

tengo que estar siempre encima de mis hijos para que estudien — I always have to stand over my children to make them work

tengo a mi jefe siempre encima — my boss is always on my back *

- hacerse encima

- poner a algn el dedo o la mano encima

- quitarse algo/a algn de encima

nos hemos quitado un gran problema de encima — that's a great problem out of the way for us
mundo 5)
2) [en el tiempo] upon

ya tenemos el invierno encima otra vez — winter is upon us again

tenían ya la guerra encima — war was imminent o upon them

se nos echó la noche encima — it grew dark, night fell

se nos viene encima la fecha de la boda — the wedding is nearly upon us, the wedding is just around the corner

3)

• por encima —

a) (=por lo alto) over

le eché una manta por encima — I put a blanket over her

el avión les pasó por encima — the plane passed overhead

por encima tiene a su jefe y al director — there's his boss and the director above him

• por encima de — over

el avión pasó rozando por encima de la catedral — the plane skimmed over the top of the cathedral

ha nevado por encima de los 2.500m — there is snow above o over 2,500 metres

• estar por encima de algo — [en cantidad, nivel] to be above sth; [en preferencia] to come before sth

la asistencia estuvo por encima de lo habitual — there was above average attendance

no hay nadie por encima de ella — there's no one above her

estoy por encima de él en categoría — I'm higher in rank o level than him

eso está por encima de mis posibilidades — that's beyond my means

la felicidad está por encima del dinero — happiness comes before money

estar por encima del bien y del mal — to be above the law

• por encima de todo — above all

quiero hacerlo por encima de todo — I want to do it above all else

la seguridad por encima de todo — safety first

b) (=superficialmente)

hoy hemos limpiado muy por encima — we've just done a quick clean today

hicimos una revisión por encima del texto — we had a quick check on the text

hojear algo por encima — to leaf through sth

4) (=además) on top of that

y encima no me dio ni las gracias — and on top of that he didn't even thank me

te lo envían a casa y encima te regalan un libro — they send it to your house and you get a free book too o as well

le toca la lotería y encima se queja — she wins the lottery and even then she complains

• encima de — besides, as well as

y luego, encima de todo lo que dijo, se fue sin disculparse — and then, as well as o on top of saying all that, he left without apologizing

5) esp Cono Sur

• encima mío/tuyo/ etc — above me/you/etc

está siempre encima mío vigilando lo que hago — he's always on top of me watching everything I do

* * *

adverbio

1) ( en el espacio)

le puso una piedra encima — he put a stone on it

no llevo dinero encima — I don't have any money on me

se tiró el café encima — she spilled the coffee over herself

lo vi cuando ya lo tenía encima — I didn't see it until it was on top of me

el autobús se nos venía encima — the bus was coming straight at us

se me vino el armario encima — the cupboard came down on top of me

2) ( en el tiempo)

los exámenes ya estaban encima — the exams were already upon us

se nos echaba encima la noche — night was falling (around us)

3) ( además)

y encima se queja! — and then she goes and complains!

y encima no me lo devolvió — and on top of that, he didn't give it back

4) (en locs)

encima de: encima de la mesa on the table; encima del armario on top of the cupboard; llevaba un chal encima de la chaqueta she wore a shawl over her jacket; viven encima de la tienda they live over o above the shop; encima de caro es feo not only is it expensive, it's also ugly; echarse algo encima < deuda> to saddle o land oneself with something; < problema> to take... upon oneself; echarse encima a alguien (AmL): se echó encima a todos los profesores he turned all the teachers against him; estar encima de alguien or estarle encima a alguien (fam) to be on at somebody (colloq); hacerse encima (fam & euf) ( orinarse) to wet oneself; ( hacerse caca): todavía se hace encima he still messes his pants; por encima: esparcir las almendras por encima sprinkle the almonds over it o on top; volaban por encima del pueblo they flew over the town; está por encima del jefe de sección she's higher up than o she's above the head of department; temperaturas por encima de lo normal above-average temperatures; lo leí por encima I just skimmed through it; le eché un vistazo muy por encima I just looked over it very quickly; una limpieza por encima a quick clean; por encima de todo: por encima de todo, que no se entere él above all o most important, he mustn't find out; pone su carrera por encima de todo she puts her career before anything else; quitarse or sacarse algo de encima <problema/tarea> to get something out of the way; quitarse or sacarse a alguien de encima — to get rid of somebody

* * *

= on top, thereupon [thereon].

Nota: Generalmente colocado al final de la frase.

Ex. Built for King Frederick William II. in 1788-91 with the Quadriga on top, a four-horse chariot driven by the goddess of Victory, holding the symbols of victory.

Ex. The inspector may enter, inspect and examine an amusement park and the amusement devices and structures contained thereupon.

----

* actuar por encima de {Posesivo} capacidades = punch above + Posesivo + weight.

* destacar por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, stand out above + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* echar por encima = top with.

* echarse encima de = bear down on.

* écharsele a Uno el día encima = make + hay while the sun shines.

* encima de = on top of, above, atop.

* estar de pie por encima de = stand over.

* estar por encima de = overlay, overlie.

* justo encima de = smack right on top of.

* leer por encima = browse, skim, skim read.

* leer rápidamente por encima = skim through.

* mirar por encima = eyeball.

* mirar por encima del hombre = look down + Posesivo + nose at.

* mirar por encima del hombro = look over + Posesivo + shoulders, look down on/upon.

* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.

* pasar por encima = pass over.

* pasar por encima de la cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.

* pasar rápidamente por encima de = sweep across, swing over.

* poner encima = top with.

* ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.

* por encima = overhead.

* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.

* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.

* por encima de eso = beyond that.

* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.

* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.

* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.

* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.

* quitarse a Alguien de encima = keep + Nombre + off + Posesivo + back, get + Nombre + off + Posesivo + back.

* quitarse de encima = shake off.

* quitarse un (buen) peso de encima = get + a (real) weight off + Posesivo + chest.

* quitarse un peso de encima = take + a weight off + Posesivo + mind, take + a load off + Posesivo + mind.

* quitar un peso de encima = remove + burden from shoulders.

* quitar un peso de encima a Alguien = lift + a weight off + Posesivo + shoulders.

* sacudirse de encima = shake off.

* sobresalir por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, a cut above the rest, stick up above + the rest, stick out above + the rest, a cut above, stand out above + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* ¡tener + que pasar por encima de + Posesivo + cadáver! = over + Posesivo + dead body.

* tratar muy por encima = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* y encima = into the bargain.

* * *

adverbio

1) ( en el espacio)

le puso una piedra encima — he put a stone on it

no llevo dinero encima — I don't have any money on me

se tiró el café encima — she spilled the coffee over herself

lo vi cuando ya lo tenía encima — I didn't see it until it was on top of me

el autobús se nos venía encima — the bus was coming straight at us

se me vino el armario encima — the cupboard came down on top of me

2) ( en el tiempo)

los exámenes ya estaban encima — the exams were already upon us

se nos echaba encima la noche — night was falling (around us)

3) ( además)

y encima se queja! — and then she goes and complains!

y encima no me lo devolvió — and on top of that, he didn't give it back

4) (en locs)

encima de: encima de la mesa on the table; encima del armario on top of the cupboard; llevaba un chal encima de la chaqueta she wore a shawl over her jacket; viven encima de la tienda they live over o above the shop; encima de caro es feo not only is it expensive, it's also ugly; echarse algo encima < deuda> to saddle o land oneself with something; < problema> to take... upon oneself; echarse encima a alguien (AmL): se echó encima a todos los profesores he turned all the teachers against him; estar encima de alguien or estarle encima a alguien (fam) to be on at somebody (colloq); hacerse encima (fam & euf) ( orinarse) to wet oneself; ( hacerse caca): todavía se hace encima he still messes his pants; por encima: esparcir las almendras por encima sprinkle the almonds over it o on top; volaban por encima del pueblo they flew over the town; está por encima del jefe de sección she's higher up than o she's above the head of department; temperaturas por encima de lo normal above-average temperatures; lo leí por encima I just skimmed through it; le eché un vistazo muy por encima I just looked over it very quickly; una limpieza por encima a quick clean; por encima de todo: por encima de todo, que no se entere él above all o most important, he mustn't find out; pone su carrera por encima de todo she puts her career before anything else; quitarse or sacarse algo de encima <problema/tarea> to get something out of the way; quitarse or sacarse a alguien de encima — to get rid of somebody

* * *

= on top, thereupon [thereon].

Nota: Generalmente colocado al final de la frase.

Ex: Built for King Frederick William II. in 1788-91 with the Quadriga on top, a four-horse chariot driven by the goddess of Victory, holding the symbols of victory.

Ex: The inspector may enter, inspect and examine an amusement park and the amusement devices and structures contained thereupon.

* actuar por encima de {Posesivo} capacidades = punch above + Posesivo + weight.

* destacar por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, stand out above + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* echar por encima = top with.

* echarse encima de = bear down on.

* écharsele a Uno el día encima = make + hay while the sun shines.

* encima de = on top of, above, atop.

* estar de pie por encima de = stand over.

* estar por encima de = overlay, overlie.

* justo encima de = smack right on top of.

* leer por encima = browse, skim, skim read.

* leer rápidamente por encima = skim through.

* mirar por encima = eyeball.

* mirar por encima del hombre = look down + Posesivo + nose at.

* mirar por encima del hombro = look over + Posesivo + shoulders, look down on/upon.

* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.

* pasar por encima = pass over.

* pasar por encima de la cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.

* pasar rápidamente por encima de = sweep across, swing over.

* poner encima = top with.

* ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.

* por encima = overhead.

* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.

* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.

* por encima de eso = beyond that.

* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.

* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.

* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.

* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.

* quitarse a Alguien de encima = keep + Nombre + off + Posesivo + back, get + Nombre + off + Posesivo + back.

* quitarse de encima = shake off.

* quitarse un (buen) peso de encima = get + a (real) weight off + Posesivo + chest.

* quitarse un peso de encima = take + a weight off + Posesivo + mind, take + a load off + Posesivo + mind.

* quitar un peso de encima = remove + burden from shoulders.

* quitar un peso de encima a Alguien = lift + a weight off + Posesivo + shoulders.

* sacudirse de encima = shake off.

* sobresalir por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, a cut above the rest, stick up above + the rest, stick out above + the rest, a cut above, stand out above + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* ¡tener + que pasar por encima de + Posesivo + cadáver! = over + Posesivo + dead body.

* tratar muy por encima = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* y encima = into the bargain.

* * *

encima

adverb

A

(en el espacio): le puso el pie/una piedra encima he put his foot/a stone on it

no tengo or llevo dinero encima I don't have any money on me

se me sentaron encima they sat on top of me

se tiró el café encima she spilled the coffee over herself

vi el coche cuando ya lo tenía encima I didn't see the car until it was on top of me

el autobús se nos venía encima the bus was coming straight at o toward(s) us

se me vino el armario encima the cupboard came down on top of me

se le vino encima una enorme responsabilidad he had to take on a great deal of reponsibility

B

(en el tiempo): ya tenemos las fiestas encima the festive season is just around the corner

los exámenes ya estaban encima the exams were already upon us

la fecha se nos vino encima y no habíamos terminado the day arrived and we hadn't finished

se nos venía or echaba encima la noche night was falling (around us)

C

(además): es caro y encima de mala calidad it's expensive and, not only that, it's poor quality

le han dado el mejor lugar — ¡y encima se queja! they've given her the best seat — and she goes and complains!

y encima, no me lo quiso devolver and then o and on top of that, he wouldn't give it back!

D ( en locs):

encima de: encima de la mesa on the table

encima del armario on top of the cupboard

llevaba un chal encima de la chaqueta she wore a shawl over her jacket

viven encima de la tienda they live over o above the shop

encima de caro es feo as well as being expensive, it's (also) ugly o not only is it expensive, it's also ugly

echarse algo encima ‹deuda› to saddle o land o ( BrE) lumber oneself with sth;

‹problema› to take … upon oneself

echarse encima a algn ( AmL): se echó encima a todos los profesores he turned all the teachers against him, he got on the wrong side of all the teachers

estar encima de algn or estarle encima a algn ( fam); to be on at sb ( colloq)

hacerse encima ( fam euf) (orinarse) to wet oneself

(hacerse caca): todavía se hace encima he still messes his pants o does it in his pants

por encima: esparcir las almendras por encima sprinkle the almonds over it o on top

la miró por encima de los anteojos he looked at her over the top of his glasses

los aviones volaban por encima del pueblo the planes flew over the town

ella está por encima del jefe de sección she's higher up than o she's above the head of department

pasar por encima de algn or pasarle por encima a algn (para un ascenso) to pass sb over; (para una consulta, queja) to go over sb's head

temperaturas por encima de lo normal above-average temperatures

un porcentaje muy por encima de la media a much higher than average percentage

está muy por encima de la competencia it is well ahead of the competition

lo leí muy por encima I skipped through it

le eché un vistazo muy por encima I just looked over o through it very quickly

hice una limpieza muy por encima I gave the place a very quick clean

por encima de todo: por encima de todo, que no se entere ella above all o most important, she mustn't find out

pone su carrera por encima de todo she puts her career before anything else

quitarse or sacarse algo/a algn de encima: me saqué ese problema de encima I got that problem out of the way

por lo menos te has sacado ese peso de encima at least you've got that weight off your mind

no sabía qué hacer para quitármela de encima I didn't know what to do to get rid of her

* * *

encima adverbio
1 ( en el espacio):
◊ le puso una piedra encima he put a stone on it;

no llevo dinero encima I don't have any money on me;
se tiró el café encima she spilled the coffee over herself;
se me vino el armario encima the cupboard came down on top of me
2 ( además):
◊ ¡y encima se queja! and then she goes and complains!;

y encima no me lo devolvió and on top of that, he didn't give it back!
3 ( en locs)
◊ encima de: encima de la mesa on the table;

encima del armario on top of the cupboard;
llevaba un chal encima de la chaqueta she wore a shawl over her jacket;
viven encima de la tienda they live over o above the shop;
encima de caro es feo not only is it expensive, it's also ugly;
por encima over;
saltó por encima he jumped over;
le eché un vistazo por encima I just looked over it quickly;
una limpieza por encima a quick clean;
por encima de above;
por encima de la media above average;
por encima de todo above everything;
volaban por encima de las nubes/del pueblo they flew above the clouds/over the town;
está por encima del jefe de sección she's above the head of department;
quitarse algo de encima ‹problema/tarea› to get sth out of the way;
quitarse a algn de encima to get rid of sb
encima adverbio
1 (en la parte superior de) on top: pon la maleta encima, put the case on top
2 (sobre uno) no tenía encima la documentación, she didn't have her papers on her
(sobre el cuerpo) se me cayó encima el café, I spilt the coffee over myself
se echó una manta encima, he put a blanket over himself
3 (sobre el espíritu, en la mente) tiene muchas preocupaciones encima, she has got lots of worries
4 (además) besides, on top of that: se estropeó el coche y encima empezó a nevar, the car broke down and then to cap it all it started to snow
no da ni golpe y encima se queja, he doesn't lift a finger and on top of all that he complains
5 (muy cerca) tengo encima el coche de detrás, the car behind is getting too close
(muy pendiente) on top of, in control of: tengo al jefe encima todo el día, I've got the boss breathing down my neck all day
♦ Locuciones: encima de, (sobre) on, over: vive encima de un bar, she lives above a bar
por encima, (superficialmente) hablamos de ello por encima, we scarcely talked about it
por encima de, over: los pájaros volaban por encima, birds flew overhead
' encima' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
añadidura
- arriba
- cadáver
- casa
- echarse
- espachurrar
- estar
- fullera
- fullero
- hombro
- llevar
- montante
- mundo
- peso
- por
- quitarse
- saltar
- sobre
- superar
- atropellar
- mirada
- ojo
- posibilidad
- quitar
- tener
- todavía
English:
above
- atop
- bear down on
- beyond
- bob
- body
- bung
- burn out
- canopy
- cave in
- clamber
- class
- dead
- disdain
- excel
- eye
- grape
- hold
- hover
- neck
- on
- one-upmanship
- over
- overhang
- overhead
- paint out
- plonk
- rise above
- rivet
- senior
- shake off
- sketchily
- skim
- stand
- standard
- top
- upon
- bargain
- by
- capacity
- carry
- first
- get
- go
- just
- keep
- look
- nag
- nose
- palm

* * *

encima

♦ adv

1. [arriba] on top;
[en el piso de arriba] upstairs;
un pastel con una guinda encima a cake with a cherry on top;

pásame el de encima pass me the top one o the one on top;

yo vivo encima I live upstairs;

el vecino de encima the upstairs neighbour;

tienes encima un mosquito you've got a mosquito on you;
Am
de encima in addition, besides;

le cayó encima la responsabilidad de dirigir el partido the responsibility of leading the party was thrust upon her;

el autobús se le echó encima antes de que pudiera reaccionar the bus was upon him before he had time to react;

tiene a su jefe encima todo el día his boss is on at him o on his back all day long

2. [en tiempo]
las elecciones ya están encima the elections are already upon us;

se nos echó la noche encima night fell, night descended upon us

3. [además] on top of that;

está lejos y encima no hay transporte público it's a long way away and on top of that o what is more, there's no public transport;

voy a consolarlo y encima me grita I go to comfort him and all he does is shout at me

4. [sobre sí]
lleva un abrigo encima she has a coat on;

ponte algo encima, vas a tener frío put something on, you'll be cold;

¿llevas dinero encima? have you got any money on you?;

le quitaron todo lo que llevaba encima they took everything he had with him

♦ encima de loc prep

1. [sobre, en] on (top of);

el pan está encima de la nevera the bread is on (top of) the fridge

2. [en lugar más alto que] above;

encima de la montaña el cielo se encapotó the sky above the mountain clouded over;

vivo encima de tu casa I live upstairs from you;

Comp

estar encima de alguien [controlar, vigilar] to be on sb's back;

mi madre está encima de mí todo el día my mother's on at me o on my back all day long

3. [además de] as well as;

encima de (ser) tonto, es feo as well as being stupid, he's also ugly;

encima de no hacerlo bien… not only did he not do it well…

♦ por encima loc adv

1. [sobre la parte superior] on top;

por encima lleva una capa de chocolate it has a layer of chocolate on top;

había ropa por encima de la cama there were clothes on the bed

2. [por arriba]
la ciudad tenía una capa de contaminación por encima the city was covered with a layer of pollution;

por encima de over;

volaron por encima de los Alpes they flew over the Alps;

el sol asomaba por encima de las montañas the sun was peeping over the mountains

3. [en nivel superior]
sólo tiene a dos personas por encima there are only two people above her;

por encima de over, above;

un precio muy por encima de lo que habíamos presupuestado a price well over o above what we had budgeted for;

una calidad muy por encima de lo habitual a much higher quality than usual;

la salud de sus hijos está por encima de todo lo demás their childrens' health comes before everything else;

está muy por encima de los otros alumnos he's far better than the other students;

vive por encima de sus posibilidades he lives beyond his means;

Comp

por encima de todo: por encima de todo, hazlo con mucho cuidado above all o first and foremost, be very careful;

por encima de todo, lo que más me preocupa… what worries me more than anything else…;

por encima de todo, no se lo digas a nadie whatever else you do, don't tell anyone;

ponemos la seguridad por encima de todo we place safety first o before everything else

4. [superficialmente]
lo conozco por encima I only know it roughly;

sólo lo he leído por encima I've only skimmed through it;

ordené la casa por encima y me marché I gave the house a quick tidy up and left

* * *

encima

adv

1 on top;

encima de on top of, on;

por encima de over, above;

por encima de todo above all;

estar por encima de be above;

echarse encima de alguien fig pounce on s.o.;

estar encima de alguien fig: para que haga algo keep on top of s.o.; hacerle caso be all over s.o.;

la noche se nos echó encima night overtook us

2

:

hacer algo muy por encima do sth very quickly;

leí el artículo por encima I skimmed (through) the article

3

:

no lo llevo encima I haven’t got it on me;

ponerse algo encima put sth on

4 ( cercano)

:

el final del curso ya está encima we’re nearly at the end of the course already

5 ( además)

:

lo ayudo, y encima se queja I help him and then he goes and complains

* * *

encima adv

1) : on top, above

2) además: as well, besides

3)

encima de : on, on top of, over

4)

por encima de : above, beyond

por encima de la ley: above the law

5)

echarse encima : to take upon oneself

6)

estar encima de fam : to nag, to criticize

7)

quitarse de encima : to get rid of

* * *

encima adv

1. (en) on

deja la taza allí encima leave the cup on there

no llevo dinero encima I haven't got any money on me

2. (sobre) on top

¿cuál? el que está encima which one? the one on top

3. (sin tocar) over

¡salta por encima! jump over!

4. (además) on top of everything / on top of that

llegó tarde y, encima, se enfadó conmigo he arrived late and on top of that, he got angry with me

echarse encima to be just round the corner

los exámenes se nos echan encima the exams are just round the corner

echarse encima de alguien to attack somebody

leer por encima to have a quick look at

me he leído el libro por encima I've had a quick look at the book

quitarse de encima to get rid of

por fin consiguió quitárselo de encima she finally managed to get rid of him

Spanish-English dictionary > encima
66 यतस् _yatas

यतस् ind. [तद्-तसिल्] (often used merely for the abl. of the relative pronoun यद्)

1 From whence (refer- ring to persons or things), from what, from which place or quarter; यतस्त्वया ज्ञानमशेषमाप्तम् R.5.4. (यतः = यस्मात् from whom); यतश्च भयमाशङ्केत् प्राचीं तां कल्पयेद् दिशम् Ms.7.189.

-2 For which reason, wherefore, in consequence of which.

-3 As, since, for, because; उवाच चैनं परमार्थतो हरं न वेत्सि नूनं यत एवमात्थ माम् Ku.5.75; R.8.76;13.61; oft. with ततः as correlative.

-4 From which time forward, ever since.

-5 That, so that, (यतस्ततः means

1 from which place soever, from any quarter whatever.

-2 from any person whatever.

-3 anywhere soever, on all sides, in any direction; न विद्यमानेष्वर्थेषु नार्त्यामपि यतस्ततः Ms.4.15. यतो यतः

1 from whatever place.

-2 from whomsoever, from any person whatever.

-3 wherever, in whatever direction; यतो यतः षट्चरणो$- भिवर्तते Ś.1.23; यतो यतो निश्चरति मनश्चञ्चलमस्थिरम् Bg.6.26. यतःप्रमृति from which time forward.)

-Comp. -भव a. arising from which.

-मूल a. originating in, or sprung from which.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > यतस् _yatas
67 مهما

مَهْمَا \ however: no matter how: However fast you run, you won’t catch him. much as: although: Much as I admire him, I could not work with him. whatever: anything, any: Do whatever you like. Read whatever book you like. \ See Also مَا \ مَهْمَا يحَدَث \ at all costs, at any cost: whatever happens; whatever the cost may be: At all costs, get there in time. Don’t be late, at any cost. possibly: by any possible means: I can’t possibly lift such a weight. I did all that. I possibly could to find it. \ مَهْما يكلِّف الأمر \ at all costs, at any cost: whatever happens; whatever the cost may be: At all costs, get there in time. Don’t be late, at any cost. \ مَهْما يكُن الأَمر \ anyhow: in any case: I don’t really need this; anyhow, it costs too much. anyway: in any case: I don’t really need this; anyhow, it costs too much, in any case I may be late, anyway, don’t wait for me. at all events, in any event: in any case; whatever may happen or has happened: He didn’t win but, at all events, he did try hard. \ مَهْما يكُن مِنْ أَمْر \ at any rate: at least; in any case: He wasn’t there; at any rate, I don’t think he was. I may not succeed; but I’ll try, at any rate.

Arabic-English dictionary > مهما
68 fuera

adv.

1 outside.

hace frío fuera it's cold outside

fuera de la casa outside the house

lo echó fuera she threw him out

salen mucho a comer fuera they eat out a lot

hacia fuera outward

por fuera (on the) outside

sólo vimos la iglesia por fuera we only saw the church from the outside

2 away.

Ana está fuera Ana is away (de viaje)

de fuera from abroad (extranjero)

a los de fuera les sorprende people who aren't from round here o strangers find it strange

intj.

out of here, go away, get out, out.

imperf.subj.

1 3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Imperfect Subjunctive of Spanish verb: ser.

2 1^st person singular (yo) Imperfect Subjunctive of Spanish verb: ir.

* * *

fuera

► adverbio

1 (exterior) out, outside

■ por fuera on the outside

■ gente de fuera people from other places

■ salimos fuera we went out, we went outside

2 (alejado) away; (en el extranjero) abroad

► interjección

1 get out!

► preposición fuera de

1 (un lugar) out of; (más allá de) outside, beyond; (excepto) except for, apart from

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar fuera de sí to be beside oneself

fuera de combate knocked out

fuera de duda beyond doubt

fuera de lo normal extraordinary, very unusual

fuera de peligro out of danger

fuera de serie extraordinary

jugar fuera DEPORTE to play away

el equipo de fuera DEPORTE the away team

fuera de juego offside

————————

fuera

► imperfecto subjuntivo

1→ link=ser ser

2→ link=ir ir

* * *

adv.

1) outside, out

2) away

3) abroad

•

- fuera de

* * *

ADV

1) [de edificio, objeto] [indicando posición] outside; [indicando dirección] out

los niños estaban jugando fuera — the children were playing outside

¡estamos aquí fuera! — we're out here!

el perro tenía la lengua fuera — the dog had his tongue hanging out

llevaba la camisa fuera — his shirt was hanging out

¡fuera! — get out!

¡segundos fuera! — (Boxeo) seconds out!

ir o salir fuera — to go out, go outside

• comer fuera — [al aire libre] to eat outside; [en restaurante] to eat out

hoy vamos a cenar fuera — we're going out for dinner tonight, we're eating out tonight

• de fuera — from outside

trae una silla de fuera — bring a chair in from outside

productos que vienen de fuera de la Unión Europea — products from outside the European Union

tenemos que traer a alguien de fuera — we need to bring somebody from outside in

• desde fuera — from outside

• la parte de fuera — the outside, the outer part

• por fuera — (on the) outside

lo han pintado solo por fuera — they've only painted it on the outside

por fuera está duro — it's hard on the outside

esta camisa se lleva por fuera — this shirt is worn outside, this shirt is not tucked in
lengua 1)
2) [de ciudad, trabajo]

estar fuera — to be away, be out of town

estuvo fuera ocho semanas — he was away for eight weeks

mis padres llevan varios días fuera — my parents have been away for several days

3) (tb: fuera del país) abroad, out of the country

toda la maquinaria viene de fuera — all the machinery comes from abroad

vienen visitantes de fuera para verlo — people come from abroad to see it

"¡invasores fuera!" — "invaders go home!"

estar fuera — to be abroad

ir o salir fuera — to go abroad

4) (Dep)

a) [en un partido]

estar fuera — [pelota] (Ftbl) to be out of play; (Rugby) to be in touch; (Tenis) to be out

• fuera de juego — offside

• fuera de tiempo, estamos fuera de tiempo — time's up

• tirar fuera — to shoot wide

b) (tb: fuera de casa) away, away from home

el equipo de fuera — the away team

una victoria fuera de casa — an away win

jugar fuera — to play away (from home)

5)

• fuera de —

a) (=en el exterior de) outside, out of

estaba fuera de su jaula — it was outside o out of its cage

esperamos fuera de la puerta — we waited outside the door

b) (=aparte) apart from, aside from

pero fuera de eso — but apart o aside from that

fuera de que... — apart from the fact that...

c)

• fuera de alcance — out of reach

• fuera de combate — (Mil) wounded; (Boxeo) K.O.ed

dejar a algn fuera de combate — to knock sb out

quedar fuera de combate — to be knocked out

• fuera de lo común — unusual

• estar fuera de lugar — to be inappropriate, be out of place

• fuera de peligro — out of danger

• fuera de serie — exceptional

se ha comprado un coche fuera de serie — he has bought an exceptional car

es un fuera de serie — he's quite exceptional

- estar fuera de sí

* * *
I
adverbio

1)

a) (lugar, parte) [Latin American Spanish also uses afuera in this sense] outside

aquí fuera se está muy bien — it's very nice out here

comeremos fuera — ( en el jardín) we'll eat outside; ( en un restaurante) we'll eat out

pintar una casa por fuera — to paint the outside of a house

por fuera es rojo — it's red on the outside

b) ( en el extranjero) abroad, out of the country; (del lugar de trabajo, de la ciudad, etc) away

los de fuera — ( los extranjeros) foreigners; (los de otros pueblos, ciudades, etc) outsiders

c) ( en interjecciones)

fuera (de aquí)! — get out (of here)!

fuera los traidores! — traitors out!

2)

fuera de — (loc prep)

a) (en el exterior de, más allá de) out of

está fuera del país — he's out of the country

ocurrió fuera del edificio — it happened outside the building

el precio está fuera de mi alcance — it's out of my price range

fuera del alcance de los niños — out of reach of the children

fuera del alcance de los proyectiles — outside o beyond the range of the missiles

b) ( excepto) apart from

fuera de eso, me encuentro bien — apart o (AmE) aside from that, I feel fine

3) (en otras locs)

fuera de combate: lo dejó fuera de combate (Dep) he knocked him out; fuera de concurso: quedó fuera de concurso he was disqualified; su película se presentó fuera de concurso his movie was shown outside the competition; fuera de cuentas (Esp) overdue; fuera de la ley: vivían fuera de la ley they lived outside the law; fuera de lugar <mueble/persona> out of place; < comentario> inappropriate, out of place; fuera de peligro out of danger; fuera de serie <jugador/cantante> exceptional, outstanding; fuera de sí: estaba fuera de sí he was beside himself; fuera de temporada or estación — out of season

•

- fuera de borda

- fuera de juego or de lugar

- fuera de la ley

- fuera de serie
II
fuéramos, etc see ir, ser

* * *

= in the open.

Ex. As expected, bats avoided obstacles while flying through vegetation and intercepted flying prey in the open.

----

* bebida de fuera = outside drink.

* caer fuera de = fall outside, lie beyond.

* caer fuera del alcance de = fall outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera de las responsabilidades de = be on the outer fringes of.

* caer fuera del interés de = lie outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera del interés de uno = fall outside + Posesivo + interest.

* caer fuera del objetivo de = fall outside + the scope of.

* circunstancias que están fuera de + Posesivo + control = circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.

* colocación fuera de lugar = misplacement.

* colocar fuera de alcance = place + out of reach.

* comer fuera = eat out.

* comida de fuera = outside food.

* con las garras fuera = knives-out.

* con las uñas fuera = knives-out.

* curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* dejar fuera = leave out, cut out, count + Nombre + out, drop + Nombre + out of the picture.

* dejar fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.

* dejar fuera del equipo = sideline.

* de miras hacia fuera = outwardly.

* dentro y fuera de = in and out of.

* desde dentro hacia fuera = from the inside-out.

* desde dentro y desde fuera de = within and without.

* desde fuera = from the outside.

* echar fuera = throw + Nombre + out.

* encontrarse fuera de lugar = be out of + Posesivo + element, be out of place.

* estado del ordenador en fuera de línea = offlineness.

* estar fuera = be out.

* estar fuera con los amigos = be out with the guys.

* estar fuera de contienda = be out of contention.

* estar fuera del alcance = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera de las posibilidades de Alguien = be out of + Posesivo + league.

* estar fuera del interés = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera del interés de uno = lie beyond + concern.

* estar fuera de lugar = be out of place, be out of order.

* estar fuera de quicio = be beside + Reflexivo.

* estar fuera de rumbo = be off course.

* estar fuera de secuencia = be out of order.

* estar fura de sí = be beside + Reflexivo.

* fuera de = outside (of), outwith.

* fuera de alcance = beyond reach, out of range.

* fuera de circulación = out of circulation.

* fuera de clase = out-of-class.

* fuera de cobertura = out of range.

* fuera de control = out-of-control, haywire.

* fuera de juego = offside.

* fuera de la casa = out-of-home.

* fuera del alcance = out of reach.

* fuera del alcance de = beyond the scope of.

* fuera del alcance de las posibilidades de Alguien = beyond + Posesivo + powers.

* fuera del alcance del oído = out of earshot.

* fuera de las normas comúnmente aceptadas = beyond the pale.

* fuera de la universidad = off-campus.

* fuera de la vista = out of view.

* fuera del campus = off-campus.

* fuera del control de = beyond the control of.

* fuera del escenario = off stage.

* fuera del horario normal = out of hours, at odd times.

* fuera de línea = offline [off-line].

* fuera del matrimonio = out of wedlock.

* fuera de lo común = eccentric, odd, unordinary, out of the ordinary, a cut above the rest, a cut above.

* fuera de lo normal = abnormally + Adjetivo, with a difference, unordinary, out of the ordinary.

* fuera de los caminos trillados = off the beaten track.

* fuera del redil = beyond the pale.

* fuera de lugar = out of place, without + Lugar, uncalled-for.

* fuera de onda con los tiempos modernos = out of keeping with the times, out of tune with the times.

* fuera de peligro = out of the woods, out of harm's way.

* fuera de plazo = late.

* fuera de + Posesivo + competencia = outside + Posesivo + jurisdiction.

* fuera de + Posesivo + control = beyond + Posesivo + control.

* fuera de quicio = pissed off, out of + Posesivo + mind, out of + Posesivo + senses.

* fuera de rumbo = off course.

* fuera de secuencia = out of range.

* fuera de serie = crackerjack.

* fuera de servicio = off-duty, decomissioned, out of commission.

* fuera de temporada = off-season, out of season.

* fuera de tino = wide of the mark.

* fuera de toda duda = incontrovertible, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.

* fuera de toda sospecha = above suspicion.

* gol fuera de juego = offside goal.

* hacia dentro y hacia fuera = Verbo + in and out.

* hacia fuera = outwards.

* impresión fuera de línea = offline print.

* mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.

* mina fuera de ruta = roadside bomb.

* partido que se juega fuera de casa = away game.

* pitar fuera de juego = judge + offside.

* poner fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.

* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.

* proyectar hacia fuera = project + outward.

* salir fuera = be out and about, get out and about.

* sentirse fuera de lugar = feel + inadequate.

* sin dejar nada fuera = the works!.

* tarifa por inscripción fuera de plazo = late registration fee.

* tiempo fuera de servicio = downtime.

* trabajar a horas fuera de lo normal = work + unsocial hours.

* un día fuera = a day out.

* usar fuera de contexto = use + out of context.

* * *
I
adverbio

1)

a) (lugar, parte) [Latin American Spanish also uses afuera in this sense] outside

aquí fuera se está muy bien — it's very nice out here

comeremos fuera — ( en el jardín) we'll eat outside; ( en un restaurante) we'll eat out

pintar una casa por fuera — to paint the outside of a house

por fuera es rojo — it's red on the outside

b) ( en el extranjero) abroad, out of the country; (del lugar de trabajo, de la ciudad, etc) away

los de fuera — ( los extranjeros) foreigners; (los de otros pueblos, ciudades, etc) outsiders

c) ( en interjecciones)

fuera (de aquí)! — get out (of here)!

fuera los traidores! — traitors out!

2)

fuera de — (loc prep)

a) (en el exterior de, más allá de) out of

está fuera del país — he's out of the country

ocurrió fuera del edificio — it happened outside the building

el precio está fuera de mi alcance — it's out of my price range

fuera del alcance de los niños — out of reach of the children

fuera del alcance de los proyectiles — outside o beyond the range of the missiles

b) ( excepto) apart from

fuera de eso, me encuentro bien — apart o (AmE) aside from that, I feel fine

3) (en otras locs)

fuera de combate: lo dejó fuera de combate (Dep) he knocked him out; fuera de concurso: quedó fuera de concurso he was disqualified; su película se presentó fuera de concurso his movie was shown outside the competition; fuera de cuentas (Esp) overdue; fuera de la ley: vivían fuera de la ley they lived outside the law; fuera de lugar <mueble/persona> out of place; < comentario> inappropriate, out of place; fuera de peligro out of danger; fuera de serie <jugador/cantante> exceptional, outstanding; fuera de sí: estaba fuera de sí he was beside himself; fuera de temporada or estación — out of season

•

- fuera de borda

- fuera de juego or de lugar

- fuera de la ley

- fuera de serie
II
fuéramos, etc see ir, ser

* * *

fuera(de)

= outside (of), outwith

Ex: This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.

Ex: Researchers outwith the higher education system consider research library information services inadequate.

= in the open.

Ex: As expected, bats avoided obstacles while flying through vegetation and intercepted flying prey in the open.

* bebida de fuera = outside drink.

* caer fuera de = fall outside, lie beyond.

* caer fuera del alcance de = fall outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera de las responsabilidades de = be on the outer fringes of.

* caer fuera del interés de = lie outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera del interés de uno = fall outside + Posesivo + interest.

* caer fuera del objetivo de = fall outside + the scope of.

* circunstancias que están fuera de + Posesivo + control = circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.

* colocación fuera de lugar = misplacement.

* colocar fuera de alcance = place + out of reach.

* comer fuera = eat out.

* comida de fuera = outside food.

* con las garras fuera = knives-out.

* con las uñas fuera = knives-out.

* curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* dejar fuera = leave out, cut out, count + Nombre + out, drop + Nombre + out of the picture.

* dejar fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.

* dejar fuera del equipo = sideline.

* de miras hacia fuera = outwardly.

* dentro y fuera de = in and out of.

* desde dentro hacia fuera = from the inside-out.

* desde dentro y desde fuera de = within and without.

* desde fuera = from the outside.

* echar fuera = throw + Nombre + out.

* encontrarse fuera de lugar = be out of + Posesivo + element, be out of place.

* estado del ordenador en fuera de línea = offlineness.

* estar fuera = be out.

* estar fuera con los amigos = be out with the guys.

* estar fuera de contienda = be out of contention.

* estar fuera del alcance = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera de las posibilidades de Alguien = be out of + Posesivo + league.

* estar fuera del interés = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera del interés de uno = lie beyond + concern.

* estar fuera de lugar = be out of place, be out of order.

* estar fuera de quicio = be beside + Reflexivo.

* estar fuera de rumbo = be off course.

* estar fuera de secuencia = be out of order.

* estar fura de sí = be beside + Reflexivo.

* fuera de = outside (of), outwith.

* fuera de alcance = beyond reach, out of range.

* fuera de circulación = out of circulation.

* fuera de clase = out-of-class.

* fuera de cobertura = out of range.

* fuera de control = out-of-control, haywire.

* fuera de juego = offside.

* fuera de la casa = out-of-home.

* fuera del alcance = out of reach.

* fuera del alcance de = beyond the scope of.

* fuera del alcance de las posibilidades de Alguien = beyond + Posesivo + powers.

* fuera del alcance del oído = out of earshot.

* fuera de las normas comúnmente aceptadas = beyond the pale.

* fuera de la universidad = off-campus.

* fuera de la vista = out of view.

* fuera del campus = off-campus.

* fuera del control de = beyond the control of.

* fuera del escenario = off stage.

* fuera del horario normal = out of hours, at odd times.

* fuera de línea = offline [off-line].

* fuera del matrimonio = out of wedlock.

* fuera de lo común = eccentric, odd, unordinary, out of the ordinary, a cut above the rest, a cut above.

* fuera de lo normal = abnormally + Adjetivo, with a difference, unordinary, out of the ordinary.

* fuera de los caminos trillados = off the beaten track.

* fuera del redil = beyond the pale.

* fuera de lugar = out of place, without + Lugar, uncalled-for.

* fuera de onda con los tiempos modernos = out of keeping with the times, out of tune with the times.

* fuera de peligro = out of the woods, out of harm's way.

* fuera de plazo = late.

* fuera de + Posesivo + competencia = outside + Posesivo + jurisdiction.

* fuera de + Posesivo + control = beyond + Posesivo + control.

* fuera de quicio = pissed off, out of + Posesivo + mind, out of + Posesivo + senses.

* fuera de rumbo = off course.

* fuera de secuencia = out of range.

* fuera de serie = crackerjack.

* fuera de servicio = off-duty, decomissioned, out of commission.

* fuera de temporada = off-season, out of season.

* fuera de tino = wide of the mark.

* fuera de toda duda = incontrovertible, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.

* fuera de toda sospecha = above suspicion.

* gol fuera de juego = offside goal.

* hacia dentro y hacia fuera = Verbo + in and out.

* hacia fuera = outwards.

* impresión fuera de línea = offline print.

* mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.

* mina fuera de ruta = roadside bomb.

* partido que se juega fuera de casa = away game.

* pitar fuera de juego = judge + offside.

* poner fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.

* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.

* proyectar hacia fuera = project + outward.

* salir fuera = be out and about, get out and about.

* sentirse fuera de lugar = feel + inadequate.

* sin dejar nada fuera = the works!.

* tarifa por inscripción fuera de plazo = late registration fee.

* tiempo fuera de servicio = downtime.

* trabajar a horas fuera de lo normal = work + unsocial hours.

* un día fuera = a day out.

* usar fuera de contexto = use + out of context.

* * *

fuera¹

adverb

A

1 (lugar, parte) [ Latin American Spanish also uses afuera in this sense] outside

el perro duerme fuera the dog sleeps outside

aquí fuera se está muy bien it's very nice out here

comeremos fuera (en el jardín) we'll eat out in the garden o outside o outdoors; (en un restaurante) we'll eat out

queremos pintar la casa por fuera we want to paint the outside o the exterior of the house

por fuera es rojo it's red on the outside

cose/lava para fuera she does sewing for other people/takes in washing

2 (en el extranjero) abroad, out of the country; (del lugar de trabajo, de la ciudad, etc) away

los de fuera (los extranjeros) foreigners; (los de otros pueblos, ciudades, etc) outsiders

3

(en interjecciones): ¡fuera de aquí! get out of here!, get out!

¡fuera los traidores! traitors out!

¡fuera cuentos! ¡a la escuela! ( Esp); no more excuses o that's enough of your excuses, off to school with you!

en sus marcas, listos, ¡fuera! ( Méx); on your marks, get set, go!

B

fuera de ( loc prep)

1

(en el exterior de, más allá de): ¿quién dejó el helado fuera del congelador? who left the ice cream out of the freezer?

pasa mucho tiempo fuera del país he spends a lot of time out of the country o abroad

ocurrió fuera del edificio it happened outside the building

el precio está fuera de mi alcance it's out of my price range

ponlo fuera del alcance de los niños put it out of reach of the children, put it out of the children's reach

fuera del alcance de los proyectiles outside o beyond the range of the missiles

2 (excepto) apart from

fuera de estos zapatos, no me he comprado nada I haven't bought myself anything, apart from o except for these shoes

fuera de eso, me encuentro bien apart from that o otherwise o ( AmE) aside from that, I feel fine

3

(además): fuera de que su padre tampoco se lo permitiría besides which o apart from which her father wouldn't allow it anyway

C ( en otras locs):

fuera de combate: lo dejó fuera de combate ( Dep) he knocked him out

tras el escándalo quedó fuera de combate after the scandal he was out of the running, the scandal knocked o put him out of the running

fuera de concurso: quedó fuera de concurso he was disqualified

su película se presentó fuera de concurso his movie was shown outside the competition

fuera de cuentas overdue

fuera de la ley: vivían fuera de la ley they lived outside the law o as outlaws

fuera de lugar ‹mueble/persona› out of place;

‹comentario› inappropriate, out of place

estuvo totalmente fuera de lugar que lo interrumpieras así it was completely out of order to interrupt him like that

fuera de peligro out of danger

fuera de serie ‹jugador/cantante› exceptional, outstanding;

‹máquina/mueble› custom-built, one-off

un verano fuera de serie an exceptionally good summer

fuera de sí: estaba fuera de sí he was beside himself

fuera de temporada or estación out of season

Compuestos:

● fuera de borda

masculine (pl fuera de borda) (lancha) outboard, boat with an outboard motor o engine; (motor) outboard motor o engine, outboard

● fuera de juego

masculine offside

estaba en fuera de juego he was offside

● fuera de la ley

masculine and feminine (pl fuera de la fuera) outlaw

● fuera de lugar

( AmL) masculine fuera de juego

● fuera de serie

masculine and feminine (pl fuera de fuera)

su nuevo chef es un fuera de serie their new chef is exceptionally good o is quite exceptional o is outstanding

fuera², fuéramos, etc

ir, ser¹ (↑ ser (1))

* * *

Del verbo ir: ( conjugate ir)

fuera es:

1ª persona singular (yo) imperfecto(1) subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperfecto(1) subjuntivo

Del verbo ser: ( conjugate ser)

fuera es:

1ª persona singular (yo) imperfecto(1) subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperfecto(1) subjuntivo

Multiple Entries:
fuera
ir
ser
fuera adverbio
1
a) (lugar, parte) Latin American Spanish also uses

◊ afuera in this sense outside;

comeremos fuera ( en el jardín) we'll eat outside;

( en un restaurante) we'll eat out;
◊ por fuera es rojo it's red on the outside;

aquí fuera se está muy bien it's very nice out here;
se pasa el día fuera she's out all day
b) ( en el extranjero) abroad, out of the country;

(del lugar de trabajo, de la ciudad, etc) away
2
◊ fuera de ( loc prep)

a) (en el exterior de, más allá de) out of;

◊ está fuera del país he's out of the country;

ocurrió fuera del edificio it happened outside the building;
fuera de peligro/lugar out of danger/place;
¡fuera (de aquí)! get out (of here)!
b) ( excepto) apart from;

◊ fuera de eso, me encuentro bien apart o (AmE) aside from that, I feel fine

3 ( en otras locs):
◊ fuera de combate: lo dejó fuera de combate (Dep) he knocked him out;

fuera de serie ‹jugador/cantante› exceptional, outstanding;
fuera de sí: estaba fuera de sí he was beside himself;
fuera de temporada out of season
ir ( conjugate ir) verbo intransitivo
1
a) (trasladarse, desplazarse) to go;

◊ fuera en taxi to go by taxi;

iban a caballo/a pie they were on horseback/on foot;
fuera por mar to go by sea;
¡Fernando! — ¡voy! Fernando! — (just) coming! o I'll be right there!;
el fuera y venir de los invitados the coming and going of the guests;
vamos a casa let's go home;
¿adónde va este tren? where's this train going (to)?;
fuera de compras/de caza to go shopping/hunting;
ya vamos para allá we're on our way;
¿por dónde se va a …? how do you get to …?;
fuera por or (Esp) a por algo/algn to go to get sth/sb;
voy (a) por pan I'm going to get some bread
b) ( asistir) to go to;

◊ voy a clases nocturnas I go to evening classes;

ya va al colegio she's already at school
2 ( expresando propósito) fuera a + inf:
◊ ¿has ido a verla? have you been to see her?;

ve a ayudarla go and help her;
ver tb fuera v aux 1
3 (al arrojar algo, arrojarse):
◊ tírame la llave — ¡allá va! throw me the key — here you are o there you go!;

tírate del trampolín — ¡allá voy! jump off the board! — here I go/come!
4 [ comentario]:
◊ no iba con mala intención it wasn't meant unkindly;

eso va por ti también that goes for you too, and the same goes for you
1 (+ compl) ( sin énfasis en el movimiento):
◊ iban cantando por el camino they sang as they went along;

¿van cómodos? are you comfortable?;
íbamos sentados we were sitting down;
vas muy cargada you have a lot to carry;
yo iba a la cabeza I was in the lead
2 ( refiriéndose al atuendo):
◊ iban de largo they wore long dresses;

voy a fuera de Drácula I'm going to go as Dracula;
iba de verde she was dressed in green
3 ( en calidad de) fuera de algo to go (along) as sth;
◊ yo fui de intérprete I went along as interpreter

1 [camino/sendero] ( llevar) fuera a algo to lead to sth, to go to sth
2 (extenderse, abarcar):
◊ la autopista va desde Madrid hasta Valencia the highway goes from Madrid to Valencia;

el período que va desde … hasta … the period from … to …
1 (marchar, desarrollarse):
◊ ¿cómo va el nuevo trabajo? how's the new job going?;

va de mal en peor it's going from bad to worse;
¿cómo te va? how's it going?, how are things? (colloq), what's up? (AmE colloq);
¿cómo les fue en Italia? how was Italy?, how did you get on in Italy?;
me fue mal/bien en el examen I did badly/well in the exam;
¡que te vaya bien! all the best!, take care!;
¡que te vaya bien (en) el examen! good luck in the exam
2 ( en competiciones):
◊ ¿cómo van? — 3-1 what's the score? — 3-1;

voy ganando yo I'm ahead, I'm winning
3 ( en el desarrollo de algo):
◊ ¿por dónde van en historia? where have you got (up) to in history?;

¿todavía vas por la página 20? are you still on page 20?
4 ( estar en camino):
◊ ¡vamos para viejos! we're getting on o old!;

va para los cincuenta she's going on fifty;
ya va para dos años que … it's getting on for two years since …
5 (sumar, hacer):
◊ ya van tres veces que te lo digo this is the third time I've told you;

con este van seis six, counting this one
6 ( haber transcurrido): en lo que va del or (Esp) de año/mes so far this year/month
1 ( deber colocarse) to go;
◊ ¿dónde van las toallas? where do the towels go?;

¡qué va! (fam): ¿has terminado? — ¡qué va! have you finished? — you must be joking!;
¿se disgustó? — ¡qué va! did she get upset? — not at all!;
vamos a perder el avión — ¡qué va! we're going to miss the plane — no way!
2
a) ( combinar) fuera con algo to go with sth

b) (sentar bien, convenir) (+ me/te/le etc):

◊ el negro no te va bien black doesn't suit you;

te fueraá bien un descanso a rest will do you good
3 (Méx) (tomar partido por, apoyar) fuerale a algo/algn to support sth/sb;
◊ le va al equipo peruano he supports the Peruvian team

1
◊ vamos

a) (expresando incredulidad, fastidio):

◊ ¡vamos! ¿eso quién se lo va a creer? come off it o come on! who do you think's going to believe that?

b) (intentando tranquilizar, animar, dar prisa):

◊ vamos, mujer, dile algo go on, say something to him;

¡vamos, date prisa! come on, hurry up!
c) (al aclarar, resumir):

◊ eso sería un disparate, vamos, digo yo that would be a stupid thing to do, well, that's what I think anyway;

vamos, que no es una persona de fiar basically, he's not very trustworthy;
es mejor que el otro, vamos it's better than the other one, anyway
2
◊ vaya

a) (expresando sorpresa, contrariedad):

◊ ¡vaya! ¡tú por aquí! what a surprise! what are you doing here?;

¡vaya! ¡se ha vuelto a caer! oh no o (colloq) damn! it's fallen over again!
b) (Esp) ( para enfatizar):

◊ ¡vaya cochazo! what a car!

fuera v aux fuera a + inf:
1
a) (para expresar tiempo futuro, propósito) to be going to + inf;

◊ voy a estudiar medicina I'm going to study medicine;

va a hacer dos años que … it's getting on for two years since …
b) (en propuestas, sugerencias):

◊ vamos a ver ¿cómo dices que te llamas? now then, what did you say your name was?;

bueno, vamos a trabajar all right, let's get to work
2 (al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones):
◊ que no se te vaya a caer make sure you don't drop it;

cuidado, no te vayas a caer mind you don't fall (colloq);
lleva el paraguas, no vaya a ser que llueva take the umbrella, in case it rains
3 ( expresando un proceso paulatino):
◊ poco a poco irá aprendiendo she'll learn little by little;

ya puedes fuera haciéndote a la idea you'd better get used to the idea;
la situación ha ido empeorando the situation has been getting worse and worse
irse verbo pronominal
1 ( marcharse) to leave;
◊ ¿por qué te vas tan temprano? why are you leaving o going so soon?;

vámonos let's go;
bueno, me voy right then, I'm taking off (AmE) o (BrE) I'm off;
no te vayas don't go;
vete a la cama go to bed;
se fue de casa/de la empresa she left home/the company;
vete de aquí get out of here;
se han ido de viaje they're away, they've gone away
2 (consumirse, gastarse):
◊ ¡cómo se va el dinero! I don't know where the money goes!;

se me va medio sueldo en el alquiler half my salary goes on the rent
3 ( desaparecer) [mancha/dolor] to go;
◊ se ha ido la luz the electricity's gone off;

(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ ¿se te ha ido el dolor de cabeza? has your headache gone?

4 (salirse, escaparse) [líquido/gas] to escape;
◊ se le está yendo el aire al globo the balloon's losing air o going down

5 (caerse, perder el equilibrio) (+ compl):
◊ fuerase de boca/espaldas to fall flat on one's face/back;

me iba para atrás I was falling backwards;
frenó y nos fuimos todos para adelante he braked and we all went flying forwards
ser ( conjugate ser) cópula
1 ( seguido de adjetivos) to be
◊ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1 es bajo/muy callado he's short/very quiet;

es sorda de nacimiento she was born deaf;
es inglés/católico he's English/(a) Catholic;
era cierto it was true;
sé bueno, estate quieto be a good boy and keep still;
que seas muy feliz I hope you'll be very happy;

(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ siempre le he sido fiel I've always been faithful to her;

ver tb imposible, difícil etc
2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;
◊ el mayor es casado the oldest is married;

es viuda she's a widow;
ver tb estar 1 cópula 2
3 (seguido de nombre, pronombre) to be;
◊ soy abogada I'm a lawyer;

ábreme, soy yo open the door, it's me
4 (con predicado introducido por `de'):
◊ esos zapatos son de plástico those shoes are (made of) plastic;

soy de Córdoba I'm from Cordoba;
es de los vecinos it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors';
no soy de aquí I'm not from around here
5 (hipótesis, futuro):
◊ será un error it must be a mistake;

¿será cierto? can it be true?
verbo intransitivo
1
a) ( existir) to be

b) (liter) ( en cuentos):

◊ érase una vez … once upon a time there was …

2
a) (tener lugar, ocurrir):

◊ la fiesta va a fuera en su casa the party is going to be (held) at her house;

¿dónde fue el accidente? where did the accident happen?
b) ( en preguntas):

◊ ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him;

¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq);
¿qué va a ser de nosotros? what will become of us?
3 ( sumar):
◊ ¿cuánto es (todo)? how much is that (altogether)?;

son 3.000 pesos that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos;
somos diez en total there are ten of us altogether
4 (indicando finalidad, adecuación) fuera para algo to be for sth;
◊ este agua es para beber this water is for drinking

( en locs)
◊ a no ser que (+ subj) unless;

¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq);
como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what;
hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done;
el lunes o cuando sea next Monday or whenever;
puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like;
de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml);
¡eso es! that's it!, that's right!;
es que …: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?;
es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim;
lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something;
estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes;
o sea: en febrero, o sea hace un mes in February, that is to say a month ago;
o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested;
o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out;
(ya) sea …, (ya) sea … either …, or …;
sea como sea at all costs;
sea cuando sea whenever it is;
sea donde sea no matter where;
sea quien sea whoever it is;
si no fuera/hubiera sido por … if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for …
( en el tiempo) to be;
◊ ¿qué fecha es hoy? what's the date today?, what's today's date;

serían las cuatro cuando llegó it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived;
ver tb v impers
fuera v impers to be;
◊ era primavera it was spring(time)

fuera v aux ( en la voz pasiva) to be;
fue construido en 1900 it was built in 1900
■ sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( ente) being;

◊ fuera humano/vivo human/living being

b) (individuo, persona):

◊ un fuera querido a loved one

2 ( naturaleza):
◊ desde lo más profundo de mi fuera from the bottom of my heart

fuera adverbio
1 (en/hacia la parte exterior) outside, out: fuera hacía mucho calor, it was hot outside
salgamos fuera, let's go out
2 (no en el lugar habitual) out, away: comeremos fuera, we'll go out for lunch
está fuera, she's away
3 Dep fuera de juego, offside
nuestro equipo juega fuera, our team is playing away
ganaron los de fuera, the away team won
4 (sobrepasando límites prescritos) after
fuera de alcance, out of reach
fuera de horario, after hours
fuera de plazo, after the deadline
(más allá) beyond, out of
fuera de mis posiblidades, beyond my means
fuera de peligro, out of danger
♦ Locuciones: estar fuera de sí, to be beside oneself
fuera de serie, extraordinary
ir
I verbo intransitivo
1 (dirigirse a un lugar) to go: ¡vamos!, let's go!
voy a París, I'm going to Paris ➣ Ver nota en go
2 (acudir regularmente) to go: va al colegio, he goes to school
van a misa, they go to church
3 (conducir a) to lead, go to: el sendero va a la mina, the path goes to the mine
esta carretera va a Londres, this road leads to London
4 (abarcar) to cover: la finca va desde la alambrada al camino, the estate extends from the wire fence to the path
las lecciones que van desde la página 1 a la 53, the lessons on pages 1 to 53
5 (guardarse habitualmente) va al lado de éste, it goes beside this one
6 (mantener una posición) to be: va el primero, he's in first place
7 (tener un estado de ánimo, una apariencia) to be: iba furioso/radiante, he was furious/radiant
vas muy guapa, you look very smart o pretty
8 (desenvolverse) ¿cómo te va?, how are things? o how are you doing?
¿cómo te va en el nuevo trabajo?, how are you getting on in your new job?
9 (funcionar) to work (properly): el reloj no va, the clock doesn't go o work
10 (sentar bien) to suit: ese corte de pelo no te va nada, that haircut doesn't suit you at all
11 (combinar) to match, go: el rojo no va con el celeste, red doesn't go with pale blue
12 (vestir) to wear
ir con abrigo, to wear a coat
ir de negro/de uniforme, to be dressed in black/in uniform
la niña irá de enfermera, the little girl will dress up as a nurse
13 fam (importar, concernir) to concern: eso va por ti también, and the same goes for you
ni me va ni me viene, I don't care one way or the other
14 (apostar) to bet: va un café a que no viene, I bet a coffee that he won't come
15 (ir + de) fam (comportarse de cierto modo) to act
ir de listo por la vida, to be a smart ass
(tratar) to be about: ¿de qué va la película?, what's the film about?
16 (ir + detrás de) to be looking for: hace tiempo que voy detrás de un facsímil de esa edición, I've been after a facsimile of that edition for a long time
17 (ir + por) ir por la derecha, to keep (to the) right
(ir a buscar) ve por agua, go and fetch some water
(haber llegado) voy por la página noventa, I've got as far as page ninety
18 (ir + para) (tener casi, estar cercano a) va para los cuarenta, she's getting on for forty
ya voy para viejo, I'm getting old
(encaminarse a) iba para ingeniero, she was studying to be an engineer
este niño va para médico, this boy's going to become a doctor
II verbo auxiliar
1 (ir + gerundio) va mejorando, he's improving
ir caminando, to go on foot
2 (ir + pp) ya van estrenadas tres películas de Almodóvar, three films by Almodovar have already been released
3 ( ir a + infinitivo) iba a decir que, I was going to say that
va a esquiar, she goes skiing
va a nevar, it's going to snow
vas a caerte, you'll fall
♦ Locuciones: a eso iba, I was coming to that
¡ahí va!, catch!
en lo que va de año, so far this year
¡qué va!, of course not! o nothing of the sort!
¡vamos a ver!, let's see!
van a lo suyo, they look after their own interests
¡vaya!, fancy that
¡vaya cochazo!, what a car!
ir a parar, to end up
ser
I sustantivo masculino
1 being: es un ser despreciable, he's despicable
ser humano, human being
ser vivo, living being
2 (esencia) essence: eso forma parte de su ser, that is part of him
II verbo intransitivo
1 (cualidad) to be: eres muy modesto, you are very modest
2 (fecha) to be: hoy es lunes, today is Monday
ya es la una, it's one o'clock
3 (cantidad) eran unos cincuenta, there were about fifty people
(al pagar) ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
son doscientas, it is two hundred pesetas
Mat dos y tres son cinco, two and three make five
4 (causa) aquella mujer fue su ruina, that woman was his ruin
5 (oficio) to be a(n): Elvira es enfermera, Elvira is a nurse
6 (pertenencia) esto es mío, that's mine
es de Pedro, it is Pedro's
7 (afiliación) to belong: es del partido, he's a member of the party
es un chico del curso superior, he is a boy from the higher year
8 (origen) es de Málaga, she is from Málaga
¿de dónde es esta fruta? where does this fruit come from?
9 (composición, material) to be made of: este jersey no es de lana, this sweater is not (made of) wool
10 ser de, (afinidad, comparación) lo que hizo fue de tontos, what she did was a foolish thing
11 (existir) Madrid ya no es lo que era, Madrid isn't what it used to be
12 (suceder) ¿qué fue de ella?, what became of her?
13 (tener lugar) to be: esta tarde es el entierro, the funeral is this evening 14 ser para, (finalidad) to be for: es para pelar patatas, it's for peeling potatoes
(adecuación, aptitud) no es una película para niños, the film is not suitable for children
esta vida no es para ti, this kind of life is not for you
15 (efecto) era para llorar, it was painful
es (como) para darle una bofetada, it makes me want to slap his face
no es para tomárselo a broma, it is no joke
16 (auxiliar en pasiva) to be: fuimos rescatados por la patrulla de la Cruz Roja, we were rescued by the Red Cross patrol
17 ser de (+ infinitivo) era de esperar que se marchase, it was to be expected that she would leave
♦ Locuciones: a no ser que, unless
como sea, anyhow
de no ser por..., had it not been for
es más, furthermore
es que..., it's just that...
lo que sea, whatever
o sea, that is (to say)
sea como sea, in any case o be that as it may
ser de lo que no hay, to be the limit
' fuera' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alcance
- balón
- biruji
- borda
- combate
- convencer
- dejar
- desencajada
- desencajado
- desentonar
- desleal
- desplazada
- desplazado
- destiempo
- duda
- espuela
- extemporánea
- extemporáneo
- exterior
- extraescolar
- fenomenal
- haber
- juego
- lengua
- lógica
- lugar
- mayoría
- necesaria
- necesario
- onda
- plazo
- proscrita
- proscrito
- quicio
- revés
- salir
- serie
- servicio
- tono
- única
- único
- afuera
- anhelar
- cena
- comer
- común
- cual
- desnivelado
- esperar
- lancha
English:
add to
- amok
- annul
- around-the clock
- away
- beside
- beyond
- boot
- bound
- busing
- care
- catapult
- chase away
- clear
- commission
- control
- danger
- dine
- distraught
- dome
- eat out
- ex
- exclude
- farm out
- go out
- hand
- here
- house-sit
- lest
- look out
- meal
- misplaced
- off-duty
- off-limits
- off-piste
- off-screen
- offside
- one-off
- ordinary
- original
- out
- out of
- out-of-bounds
- outdoors
- outside
- outward
- outwards
- piste
- place
- play

* * *

fuera

♦

1. ver ir

2. ver ser

♦ adv

1. [en el exterior] outside;

hace frío fuera it's cold outside;

lo echó fuera she threw him out;

salen mucho a comer fuera they eat out a lot;

fuera de la casa outside the house;

el ruido viene de fuera the noise is coming from outside;

hacia fuera outwards;

sólo vimos la catedral por fuera we only saw the cathedral from the outside;

llevas la camisa por fuera your shirt isn't tucked in properly;

por fuera es de color amarillo it's yellow on the outside

2. [en otro lugar] away;
[en el extranjero] abroad;
de fuera [extranjero] from abroad;

Marta está fuera [de viaje] Marta is away;
[ha salido] Marta is out;
a los de fuera les sorprenden mucho las costumbres locales people who aren't from round here o strangers find the local customs very strange

3.
fuera de [alcance, peligro] out of;
[cálculos, competencia] outside;
estar fuera de sí to be beside oneself (with rage);

ese comentario está fuera de lugar that remark is out of place;

fuera de plazo after the closing date;

fuera de la ley illegal;

fuera de control out of control;

presentó su película fuera de concurso his film was shown, but not judged as part of the competition

4. Dep [de límites]
la pelota salió fuera the ball went out (of play)

Comp
fuera de banda out of play;
fuera de combate knocked out;
Fig out of action;
fuera de juego offside;

estar en fuera de juego to be offside;

Comp
Esp
pillar a alguien en fuera de juego to catch sb out;
Am fuera de lugar offside; Am
estar en fuera de lugar to be offside

5. Dep [en campo ajeno] away;

jugar fuera to play away (from home);

el equipo de fuera the away team

6.
fuera de [excepto] except for, apart from;

fuera de eso, he cumplido todos tus caprichos apart from that, I've done everything you wanted me to;

fuera de bromas, ¿has fijado ya una fecha para la boda? seriously though o joking apart, have you set a date for the wedding yet?;

fuera de serie exceptional, out of the ordinary;

Comp

ser un fuera de serie to be one of a kind

♦ interj
[de habitación, lugar] get out!; [en el teatro] get off!;
¡fuera, fuera, fuera! [cántico] off!, off!, off!;

¡fuera los políticos corruptos! out with all corrupt politicians!;

¡fuera de aquí! get out of my sight!

* * *

fuera

I vb → ir, ser

II adv outside; (en otro lugar) away; (en otro país) abroad;

por fuera on the outside;

de fuera de otro departamento, cuerpo de policía etc from outside, outside atr ; de otro lugar strange; persona stranger; de otro país foreign; persona foreigner;

¡fuera! get out!

III prp

:

fuera de outside;

¡sal fuera de aquí! get out of here!;

está fuera del país he’s abroad, he’s out of the country;

fuera de eso aside from that, apart from that;

estar fuera de sí be beside o.s.

* * *

fuera adv

1) : outside, out

2) : abroad, away

3)

fuera de : outside of, out of, beyond

4)

fuera de : besides, in addition to

fuera de eso: aside from that

5)

fuera de lugar : out of place, amiss

* * *

fuera¹ adv

1. (en el exterior) outside

salgo fuera un momento I'm going outside for a minute

sacamos la mesa fuera we took the table outside

2. (no en casa, no en su sitio) out

han salido a cenar fuera they've gone out for dinner

¿quién ha dejado la leche fuera de la nevera? who left the milk out of the fridge?

3. (lejos de casa) away

se ha ido fuera unos días he's gone away for a few days

4. (del país) abroad

se va a estudiar fuera she's going to study abroad

estar fuera de combate to be knocked out

estar fuera de sí to be beside yourself

fuera de juego offside

fuera de lugar out of place

gente de fuera outsiders

fuera² interj

1. (para echar a alguien) get out!

2. (para protestar) off! / out!

Spanish-English dictionary > fuera
69 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
70 ὅς

ὅς, ἥ, ὅ

① as relative pron. who, which, what, that (Hom.+). On its use s. B-D-F §293–97; 377–80; Rydbeck 98–118; W-S. §24; Rob. 711–26, and for ancient Gk. in gener. Kühner-G. II 399ff; Schwyzer II 639–41.

ⓐ As a general rule, the relative pron. agrees in gender and number w. the noun or pron. to which it refers (i.e. its antecedent); its case is determined by the verb, noun, or prep. that governs it: ὁ ἀστήρ, ὸ̔ν εἶδον Mt 2:9. ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὅν ἐγὼ καταγγέλλω ὑμῖν Ac 17:3. Ἰουδαῖον, ᾧ (sc. ἦν) ὄνομα Βαριησοῦς 13:6. ὁ Ἰουδαῖος …, οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος Ro 2:29. Ἰσραηλίτης, ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν J 1:47. οὗτος, περὶ οὗ ἀκούω τοιαῦτα Lk 9:9 and very oft.

ⓑ A demonstrative pron. is freq. concealed within the relative pron.:

α. in such a way that both pronouns stand in the same case: ὅς the one who ὅς οὐ λαμβάνει Mt 10:38; sim. Mk 4:9; 9:40 (the three w. implied condition). οὗ of the one whose J 18:26. ᾧ to the one to whom Ro 6:16. ὅν the one whom (or someth. sim.) Mk 15:12; J 1:45. οἷς to those for whom Mt 20:23. οὕς those whom Mk 3:13; J 5:21. ὅ that which, what Mt 10:27.—A prep. governing the relative belongs in certain pass. to the (omitted) demonstr. pron. alone: παρʼ ὅ Ro 12:3; Gal 1:8; ὑπὲρ ὅ (ἅ) 1 Cor 10:13; 2 Cor 12:6; Phlm 21; πρὸς ἅ 2 Cor 5:10; εἰς ὅν J 6:29. In others it must be added to both pronouns: ἐν ᾧ in that in which 2 Cor 11:12; 1 Pt 2:12; 3:16 (these passages in 1 Pt may be classed under 1kγ also). ἐν οἷς Phil 4:11. ὑπὲρ οὑ because of that for which 1 Cor 10:30. ἀφʼ ὧν from the persons from whom 2 Cor 2:3.—The much disputed pass. ἑταῖρε, ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 would belong here if we were to supply the words necessary to make it read about as follows: friend, (are you misusing the kiss) for that (purpose) for which you are here? (Wlh.; EKlostermann) or thus: in connection with that (=the purposes), for which (=for the realization of which) you have appeared (do you kiss me)? (Rdm.² 78). Friend, are you here for this purpose? FRehkopf, ZNW 52, ’61, 109–15. But s. βב and iβ below.

β. But the two pronouns can also stand in different cases; in such instances the demonstr. pron. is nearly always in the nom. or acc.

א. in the nom. οὗ one whose Ac 13:25. ὧν those whose Ro 4:7 (Ps 31:1). ᾧ the one to or for whom Lk 7:43; 2 Pt 1:9. οἷς those to whom Mt 19:11; Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15). ὅ that (nom.) which (acc.) Mt 13:12; 25:29; 26:13; Mk 11:23; Lk 12:3. Likew. ἅ Lk 12:20. ὅν he whom J 3:34; 4:18; Ac 10:21. ἐφʼ ὅν the one about whom Hb 7:13.

ב. in the acc. ὧν the things of which J 13:29. ᾧ the one (in) whom 2 Ti 1:12. So also w. a prep.: ἐν ᾧ anything by which Ro 14:21. ἐν οἷς things in which 2 Pt 2:12. ἐφʼ ὅ that upon which Lk 5:25. περὶ ὧν the things of which Ac 24:13. ἐφʼ οἷς from the things of which Ro 6:21 (this passage perh. uses a commercial metaphor, for pap s. Mayser II/2, 434f §121). εἰς ὸ̔ν the one in whom Ro 10:14a.—So Mt 26:50 (s. bα above), if the words to be supplied are about as follows: friend, (do that) for which you have come! (so ESchwartz, ByzZ 25, 1925, 154f; EOwen, JTS 29, 1928, 384–86; WSpiegelberg, ZNW 28, 1929, 341–43; FZorell, VD 9, 1929, 112–16; sim. PMaas, Byz.-Neugriech. Jahrb. 8, ’31, 99; 9, ’32, 64; WEltester: OCullmann Festschr., ’62, 70–91; but s. iβ end.—S. Jos., Bell. 2, 615 at πάρειμι 1a).

ג. Only in isolated instances does the demonstr. pron. to be supplied stand in another case: οὗ = τούτῳ, οὗ in him of whom Ro 10:14b. παρʼ ὧν = τούτοις, παρʼ ὧν Lk 6:34.

ⓒ Constructions peculiar in some respect

α. The pleonastic use of the pers. pron. after ὅς (Mlt. 94f; B-D-F §297) γυνὴ ἧς εἶχεν τὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς Mk 7:25 is found in older Gk. (Hyperid., Euxen. 3 ὧν … τούτων.—Kühner-G. II 433f), and is not unknown in later Gk. (POxy 117, 15), but above all is suggested by Semitic languages (LXX; GrBar 2:1; Thackeray 46; JHudson, ET 53, ’41/42, 266f); the omission of αὐτῆς in the v.l. is in line w. Gk. usage. οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ Mt 3:12; Lk 3:17. οὗ … τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ Mk 1:7; Lk 3:16. οὗ τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ 1 Pt 2:24 v.l. οὗ καὶ πολλὰ αὐτοῦ συγγράματα EpilMosq 2. In a quot. ἐφʼ οὓς ἐπικέκληται … ἐπʼ αὐτούς Ac 15:17 = Am 9:12. οὗ ἡ πνοὴ αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 21:9. Esp. freq. in Rv 3:8; 7:2, 9; 9:11 v.l.; 13:8, 12; 20:8.

β. constructions ‘ad sensum’

א. a relative in the sing. refers to someth. in the pl. οὐρανοῖς … ἐξ οὗ (οὐρανοῦ) Phil 3:20.

ב. a relative in the pl. refers to a sing. (Jdth 4:8 γερουσία, οἵ) πλῆθος πολύ …, οἳ ἦλθον Lk 6:17f. κατὰ πόλιν πᾶσαν, ἐν αἷς Ac 15:36. Cp. ἤδη δευτέραν ἐπιστολήν, ἐν αἷς (i.e. ἐν ταῖς δυσὶν ἐπιστ.) 2 Pt 3:1.

ג. the relative conforms to the natural gender rather than the grammatical gender of its antecedent noun τέκνα μου, οὕς Gal 4:19; cp. 2 J 1; Phlm 10. ἔθνη, οἵ Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); cp. 26:17. παιδάριον, ὅς J 6:9. θηρίον, ὅς Rv 13:14. ὀνόματα, οἵ 3:4 v.l. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς, ἐν οἷς Phil 2:15. W. ref. to Christ, τὴν κεφαλήν, ἐξ οὗ Col 2:19.

ⓓ Attraction (or assimilation) of the relative. Just as in Hdt. and freq. Att., ins, pap, LXX, the simple relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ is somet. attracted to the case of its antecedent, even though the relationship of the relative within its own clause would demand a different case.

α. In most instances it is the acc. of the rel. that is attracted to the gen. or dat. of the antecedent: περὶ πράγματος οὗ ἐὰν αἰτήσωνται Mt 18:19. τῆς διαθήκης ἧς ὁ θεὸς διέθετο Ac 3:25. Cp. Mt 24:50b; Mk 7:13; Lk 2:20; 3:19; 5:9; 9:43; 15:16; J 4:14; 7:31; 15:20; 17:5; 21:10; Ac 1:1; 2:22; 22:10; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 1:6; 10:8, 13; Eph 2:10; 2 Th 1:4; Jd 15 al.—When the antecedent is an understood but unexpressed demonstr. pron. (s. b, beg.) that would stand in the gen. or dat., the acc. of a relative pron. can be attracted to this gen. or dat.: οὐδὲν ὧν ἑώρακαν is really οὐδὲν τούτων ἃ ἑώρακαν Lk 9:36 (Schwyzer II 641); ἅ takes on the case of τούτων which, in turn, is omitted (so already Soph., Pla., et al.).—23:14, 41; Ac 8:24; 21:19, 24; 22:15; 25:11; 26:16; Ro 15:18; 1 Cor 7:1; Eph 3:20; Hb 5:8. ὧν = τούτων, οὕς J 17:9; 2 Cor 12:17. οἷς = τούτοις, ἅ Lk 24:25.

β. The dat. of the relative is less frequently attracted (B-D-F §294, 2; Rob. 717) ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς (=ᾗ) ἀνελήμφθη Ac 1:22 (cp. Lev 23:15; 25:50; Bar 1:19); Eph 1:6; 4:1; 1 Ti 4:6 v.l.; κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ = κατέν. τοῦ θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστ. Ro 4:17. διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως ἧς παρακαλούμεθα 2 Cor 1:4.

γ. In relative clauses that consist of subject, predicate, and copula, the relative pron. somet. agrees in gender and number not w. the noun to which it refers, but w. the predicate if it is the subj. and, conversely, w. the subj. if it is the pred. of its own clause: πνεύματι …, ὅς ἐστιν ἀρραβών Eph 1:14 v.l. τῷ σπέρματί σου, ὅς ἐστιν Χριστός Gal 3:16. τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα θεοῦ Eph 6:17.—Rv 4:5; 5:8.

δ. Inverse attraction occurs when the relative pronoun attracts its antecedent to its own case (as early as Hom.; also Soph., Oed. Rex 449; s. Kühner-G. II 413; Schwyzer II 641; B-D-F §295; Rob. 717f); τὸν ἄρτον ὸ̔ν κλῶμεν, οὐχὶ κοινωνία … ἐστιν; = ὁ ἄρτος ὅν … 1 Cor 10:16. λίθον, ὸ̔ν ἀπεδοκίμασαν … οὗτος ἐγενήθη (Ps 117:22) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; 1 Pt 2:7 v.l.—παντὶ ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, πολὺ ζητηθήσεται παρʼ αὐτοῦ Lk 12:48. ὅρκον, ὸ̔ν ὤμοσεν (=μνησθῆναι ὅρκου ὅν) 1:73 (s. W-S. §24, 7 note). τοὺς λίθους, οὓς εἶδες, ἀποβεβλημένους, οὗτοι … ἐφόρεσαν Hs 9, 13, 3. Cp. 1J 2:25.

ε. Attraction can, as in earlier Gk. (Thu. 2, 70, 4), fail to take place when the relative clause is more distinctly separated fr. its antecedent by additional modifiers of the noun and by the importance attaching to the content of the relative clause itself (B-D-F §294, 1; Rob. 714f): τῆς σκηνῆς τῆς ἀληθινῆς, ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ κύριος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος Hb 8:2. But s. also Mk 13:19; J 2:22; 4:5; Ac 8:32; 1 Ti 4:3; Tit 1:2; Phlm 10; Hb 9:7; Rv 1:20.

ⓔ The noun which is the antecedent of a relative clause can be incorporated into the latter

α. without abbreviating the constr. and without attraction of the case: ᾗ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὥρᾳ = τῇ ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ δοκ. Mt 24:44; cp. Lk 12:40; 17:29, 30. ἃ ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα 24:1. ὸ̔ ἐποίησεν σημεῖον J 6:14. ὸ̔ θέλω ἀγαθόν Ro 7:19.

β. w. abbreviation, in that a prep. normally used twice is used only once: ἐν ᾧ κρίματι κρίνετε κριθήσεσθε = ἐν τῷ κρίματι, ἐν ᾧ κρίνετε, κριθήσεσθε Mt 7:2a. Cp. vs. 2b; Mk 4:24. ἐν ᾧ ἦν τόπῳ = ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ ἦν J 11:6. καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον = κατὰ τὸν τρόπον, καθʼ ὅν Ac 15:11.

γ. w. a change in case, due mostly to attraction

א. of the relative pron. περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐποίησεν πονηρῶν = περὶ πάντων πονηρῶν, ἃ ἐπ. Lk 3:19. περὶ πασῶν ὧν εἶδον δυνάμεων = περὶ πασῶν δυνάμεων, ἃς εἶδον 19:37. αἰτίαν … ὧν ἐγὼ ὑπενόουν πονηρῶν Ac 25:18.—The dat. of the relative is also attracted to other cases: ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας = ἄχρι τῆς ἡμέρας, ᾖ Mt 24:38; Lk 1:20; 17:27; Ac 1:2. ἀφʼ ἧς ἡμέρας Col 1:6, 9.

ב. of the noun to which the rel. refers: ὸ̔ν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα Ἰωάννην, οὗτος ἠγέρθη = Ἰωάννης ὸ̔ν κτλ. Mk 6:16 εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς = τῷ τύπῳ τῆς διδαχῆς εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε Ro 6:17.

δ. The analysis is doubtful in passages like περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης λόγων = περὶ τῶν λόγων οὓς κατηχήθης or τῶν λόγων, περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης Lk 1:4. ἄγοντες παρʼ ᾧ ξενισθῶμεν Μνάσωνι Ac 21:16 must acc. to the sense = ἄγοντες πρὸς Μνάσωνα, ἵνα ξενισθῶμεν παρʼ αὐτῷ. S. B-D-F §294, 5; Rob. 719.

ⓕ The prep. can be omitted before the relative pron. if it has already been used before the antecedent noun: ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ὧ.) Ac 1:21. εἰς τὸ ἔργον ὅ (=εἰς ὅ) 13:2. ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν (=ἀφʼ ὧν) vs. 38. Cp. 26:2. ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ᾧ) Rv 18:6.

ⓖ The neut. is used

α. in explanations, esp. of foreign words and of allegories: ὅ ἐστιν which or that is, which means: βασιλεὺς Σαλήμ, ὅ ἐστιν βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης Hb 7:2; cp. Mt 27:33; Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; 15:42. Also ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Mt 1:23; Mk 5:41; Ac 4:36; cp. J 1:38, 41f. ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενος κρανίου τόπος Mk 15:22 v.l. (for μεθερμηνευόμενον). τόπος, ὸ̔ λέγεται, Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθά J 19:17.—S. also αὐλῆς, ὅ ἐστιν πραιτώριον Mk 15:16. λεπτὰ δὺο, ὅ ἐστιν κοδράντης 12:42. τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία Col 1:24. πλεονέκτης ὅ ἐστιν εἰδωλολάτρης Eph 5:5. τὴν ἀγάπην ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος Col 3:14.—B-D-F §132, 2.

β. when the relative pron. looks back upon a whole clause: τοῦτον τ. Ἰησοῦν ἀνέστησεν ὁ θεός, οὗ πάντες ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες Ac 2:32; cp. 3:15; 11:30; 26:9f; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29; 1 Pt 2:8; Rv 21:8.

γ. ὅ is to be understood as an obj. acc. and gains its content fr. what immediately follows in these places (s. W-S. §24, 9; Rob. 715): ὸ̔ ἀπέθανεν, τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀπέθανεν ἐφάπαξ = τὸν θάνατον, ὸ̔ν ἀπέθανεν κτλ. what he died, i.e. the death he suffered, he suffered for sin Ro 6:10a; cp. vs. 10b. ὸ̔ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί the life that I now live in the flesh Gal 2:20.

ⓗ The relative is used w. consecutive or final mng. (result or purpose): τίς ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου, ὸ̔ς συμβιβάσει αὐτόν; who has known the mind of the Lord, so that he could instruct him? 1 Cor 2:16 (cp. Is 40:13). ἄξιός ἐστιν ᾧ παρέξῃ τοῦτο he is worthy that you should grant him this Lk 7:4. ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου …, ὸ̔ς κατασκευάσει Mt 11:10. ἔπεμψα Τιμόθεον …, ὸ̔ς ὑμᾶς ἀναμνήσει 1 Cor 4:17. ἔχετε μεθʼ ἑαυτῶν, εἰς οὓς ἐργάσεσθε τὸ καλόν 21:2.

ⓘ taking the place of the interrogative pron.

α. in indirect questions (Soph., Oed. Rex 1068; Thu. 1, 136, 4; Attic ins of 411 B.C. in Meisterhans³-Schw.; pap [Witkowski 30, 7]; oft. Joseph. [Schmidt 369]; Just., D. 44, 4 διʼ ἧς ὁδοῦ). ὸ̔ ἐγὼ ποιῶ what I am doing J 13:7. ἃ λέγουσιν 1 Ti 1:7 (Just., D. 9, 1 οὐ γὰρ οἶδας ὸ̔ λέγεις).—J 18:21.

β. NT philology has generally dismissed the proposition that ὅς is used in direct questions (Mlt. 93; B-D-F §300, 2; Radermacher² 78; PMaas [see 1bβב above]). An unambiguous example of it is yet to be found. Even the ins on a goblet in Dssm., LO 100ff [LAE 125–31], ET 33, 1922, 491–93 leaves room for doubt. Therefore also the translation of ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 as ‘what are you here for?’ (so Goodsp., Probs. 41–43; similarly, as early as Luther, later Dssm.; JWilson, ET 41, 1930, 334) has been held suspect. S. ZNW 52, ’61, 109ff.—Rob. 725 doubts the interrogative here, but Mlt-Turner 50 inclines toward it. If further proof for interrogative use of ὅς can be found, lit.-crit. considerations (s. vv. 14–16) invite attention to the v.l. (s. Tdf. app.) ἐφʼ ᾦ, a combination used in commercial documents (PGrenf II, 17, 2; 5; Mayser II/1 p. 215); the colloquial use suggests the sense: What deal did you make?—See also 1bβב above.

ⓙ combined w. particles

α. with ἄν (ἐάν), s. ἄν I. b.

β. with γέ (s. γέ aβ and cp. PFlor 370, 9) Ro 8:32.

γ. w. δήποτε whatever J 5:3(4) v.l. (the vv.ll. vary betw. οἵῳ and ᾧ, δηποτοῦν and δήποτε).

δ. w. καί who also Mk 3:19; Lk 6:13f; 7:49 al.

ε. with περ = ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ (TestSol, TestAbr; TestJob 7:13; JosAs 14:12; GrBar; ApcSed 2:1; Jos., Ant. 2, 277, Vi. 95; apolog. [exc. Mel.]) just the one who Mk 15:6 v.l. ὅπερ which indeed Ox 840, 35; ISm 4:1. πάντα ἅπερ whatever GPt 11:45.

ⓚ used w. preposition (s. also above: 1bα; 1bβב; 1eβ,γ; 1f, and s. Johannessohn, Präp. 382f [ind.]), whereby a kind of conjunction is formed:

α. with ἀντί: ἀνθʼ ὧν (s. ἀντί 4) because Lk 1:20; 19:44; Ac 12:23; 2 Th 2:10; therefore Lk 12:3.

β. w. εἰς: εἰς ὅ to this end 2 Th 1:11.

γ. with ἐν: ἐν οἷς connects w. the situation described in what precedes under which circumstances = under these circumstances Lk 12:1; Ac 24:18 v.l.; 26:12. So also perh. ἐν ᾧ 1 Pt 1:6; 2:12; 3:16, 19; 4:4. S. also ἐν 7 and cp. 1bα above.

δ. w. ἐπί: ἐφʼ ᾧ (normally, ‘for which’: Plut., Cimon 483 [8, 6] Cimon receives honors in requital for his generous deed [cp. the pl. ἐφʼ οἷς IPriene 114, 22 of honors heaped on a gymnasiarch for his numerous contributions]; cp. Plut., Mor. 522e and Diog. L. 7, 173. Conversely Plut., Aratus 1048 [44, 4]: A. suffers some dishonor ‘for what’ he did to one of his associates) has freq. been interpreted=ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that, because Ro 5:12 (lit. on ἁμαρτία 3a); 2 Cor 5:4; Phil 3:12; for 4:10. But a commercial metaphor may find expression in the first 3 passages cited here; s. ἐπί 6c. Difft. on Ro 5:12 JFitzmyer, NTS 39, ’93, 321–39; also comm. (Anchor), ad loc.: ‘with the result that, so that’

ε. οὗ χάριν therefore Lk 7:47.

ζ. in indications of time: ἀφʼ ἧς (s. ἀπό 2bγ and cp. BGU 252, 9 [98 A.D.]) from the time when; since Lk 7:45; Ac 24:11; 2 Pt 3:4; Hs 8, 6, 6 v.l.; as soon as, after 8, 1, 4.—ἀφʼ οὗ (s. ἀπό 2bγ) when once, since Lk 13:25; 24:21; Rv 16:18. ἄχρι οὗ (s. ἄχρι 1bα) until (the time when) Ac 7:18; Ro 11:25; 1 Cor 11:26; Gal 3:19. Also ἕως οὗ until Mt 1:25; 13:33; 14:22; 17:9; Lk 13:21; D 11:6 al. μέχρις οὗ until Mk 13:30; Gal 4:19.—On the gen. οὗ as an adv. of place s. it as a separate entry.

② Demonstrative pron. this (one) (Hom.+; prose of Hdt. et al. [Kühner-G. II 228f]; pap, LXX).

ⓐ ὸ̔ς δέ but he (Ps.-Lucian, Philopatris 22; PRyl 144, 14 [38 A.D.]) Mk 15:23; J 5:11 v.l. Mostly

ⓑ ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δέ the one … the other (Hippocr.+; very oft. in later wr.; POxy 1189, 7 [c. 117 A.D.]; SibOr 3, 654) the masc. in var. cases of sing. and pl. Mt 22:5; Lk 23:33; Ac 27:44; Ro 14:5; 1 Cor 11:21; 2 Cor 2:16; Jd 22f. ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δέ this … that Ro 9:21. ἃ μὲν … ἃ δέ (Lucian, Rhet. Praec. 15) some … others 2 Ti 2:20. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δὲ … ὸ̔ς δέ Mt 21:35; 25:15 (Lucian, Tim. 57 διδοὺς … ᾧ μὲν πέντε δραχμάς, ᾧ δέ μνᾶν, ᾧ δὲ ἡμιτάλαντον). ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δὲ … ὸ̔ δέ Mt 13:8b, 23. ᾧ μὲν … ἄλλῳ δὲ … ἑτέρῳ (ἄλλῳ δέ is then repeated five times, and before the last one there is a second ἑτέρῳ) 1 Cor 12:8–10. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἄλλο κτλ. Mk 4:4. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἕτερον (repeated several times) Lk 8:5. ἃ μὲν … ἄλλα δέ (repeated several times) Mt 13:4–8a. In anacoluthon οὓς μέν without οὓς δέ 1 Cor 12:28. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὁ δὲ ἀσθενῶν Ro 14:2.—B-D-F §250. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 100f.—DELG 1 ὅς. M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὅς
71 somos

ver ser

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see ser

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see ser

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somos

ser¹ (↑ ser (1))

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Del verbo ser: ( conjugate ser)

somos es:

1ª persona plural (nosotros) presente indicativo

Multiple Entries:
ser
somos
ser ( conjugate ser) cópula
1 ( seguido de adjetivos) to be
◊ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1 es bajo/muy callado he's short/very quiet;

es sorda de nacimiento she was born deaf;
es inglés/católico he's English/(a) Catholic;
era cierto it was true;
sé bueno, estate quieto be a good boy and keep still;
que seas muy feliz I hope you'll be very happy;

(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ siempre le he sido fiel I've always been faithful to her;

ver tb imposible, difícil etc
2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;
◊ el mayor es casado the oldest is married;

es viuda she's a widow;
ver tb estar 1 cópula 2
3 (seguido de nombre, pronombre) to be;
◊ soy abogada I'm a lawyer;

ábreme, soy yo open the door, it's me
4 (con predicado introducido por `de'):
◊ esos zapatos son de plástico those shoes are (made of) plastic;

soy de Córdoba I'm from Cordoba;
es de los vecinos it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors';
no soy de aquí I'm not from around here
5 (hipótesis, futuro):
◊ será un error it must be a mistake;

¿será cierto? can it be true?
verbo intransitivo
1
a) ( existir) to be

b) (liter) ( en cuentos):

◊ érase una vez … once upon a time there was …

2
a) (tener lugar, ocurrir):

◊ la fiesta va a somos en su casa the party is going to be (held) at her house;

¿dónde fue el accidente? where did the accident happen?
b) ( en preguntas):

◊ ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him;

¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq);
¿qué va a ser de nosotros? what will become of us?
3 ( sumar):
◊ ¿cuánto es (todo)? how much is that (altogether)?;

son 3.000 pesos that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos;
somos diez en total there are ten of us altogether
4 (indicando finalidad, adecuación) somos para algo to be for sth;
◊ este agua es para beber this water is for drinking

( en locs)
◊ a no ser que (+ subj) unless;

¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq);
como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what;
hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done;
el lunes o cuando sea next Monday or whenever;
puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like;
de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml);
¡eso es! that's it!, that's right!;
es que …: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?;
es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim;
lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something;
estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes;
o sea: en febrero, o sea hace un mes in February, that is to say a month ago;
o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested;
o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out;
(ya) sea …, (ya) sea … either …, or …;
sea como sea at all costs;
sea cuando sea whenever it is;
sea donde sea no matter where;
sea quien sea whoever it is;
si no fuera/hubiera sido por … if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for …
( en el tiempo) to be;
◊ ¿qué fecha es hoy? what's the date today?, what's today's date;

serían las cuatro cuando llegó it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived;
ver tb v impers
somos v impers to be;
◊ era primavera it was spring(time)

somos v aux ( en la voz pasiva) to be;
fue construido en 1900 it was built in 1900
■ sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( ente) being;

◊ somos humano/vivo human/living being

b) (individuo, persona):

◊ un somos querido a loved one

2 ( naturaleza):
◊ desde lo más profundo de mi somos from the bottom of my heart

somos see
◊ ser

ser
I sustantivo masculino
1 being: es un ser despreciable, he's despicable
ser humano, human being
ser vivo, living being
2 (esencia) essence: eso forma parte de su ser, that is part of him
II verbo intransitivo
1 (cualidad) to be: eres muy modesto, you are very modest
2 (fecha) to be: hoy es lunes, today is Monday
ya es la una, it's one o'clock
3 (cantidad) eran unos cincuenta, there were about fifty people
(al pagar) ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
son doscientas, it is two hundred pesetas
Mat dos y tres son cinco, two and three make five
4 (causa) aquella mujer fue su ruina, that woman was his ruin
5 (oficio) to be a(n): Elvira es enfermera, Elvira is a nurse
6 (pertenencia) esto es mío, that's mine
es de Pedro, it is Pedro's
7 (afiliación) to belong: es del partido, he's a member of the party
es un chico del curso superior, he is a boy from the higher year
8 (origen) es de Málaga, she is from Málaga
¿de dónde es esta fruta? where does this fruit come from?
9 (composición, material) to be made of: este jersey no es de lana, this sweater is not (made of) wool
10 ser de, (afinidad, comparación) lo que hizo fue de tontos, what she did was a foolish thing
11 (existir) Madrid ya no es lo que era, Madrid isn't what it used to be
12 (suceder) ¿qué fue de ella?, what became of her?
13 (tener lugar) to be: esta tarde es el entierro, the funeral is this evening 14 ser para, (finalidad) to be for: es para pelar patatas, it's for peeling potatoes
(adecuación, aptitud) no es una película para niños, the film is not suitable for children
esta vida no es para ti, this kind of life is not for you
15 (efecto) era para llorar, it was painful
es (como) para darle una bofetada, it makes me want to slap his face
no es para tomárselo a broma, it is no joke
16 (auxiliar en pasiva) to be: fuimos rescatados por la patrulla de la Cruz Roja, we were rescued by the Red Cross patrol
17 ser de (+ infinitivo) era de esperar que se marchase, it was to be expected that she would leave
♦ Locuciones: a no ser que, unless
como sea, anyhow
de no ser por..., had it not been for
es más, furthermore
es que..., it's just that...
lo que sea, whatever
o sea, that is (to say)
sea como sea, in any case o be that as it may
ser de lo que no hay, to be the limit

' somos' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
actualidad
- amante
- amiga
- amigo
- boquilla
- divergente
- familia
- manera
- nosotras
- nosotros
- simple
- cinco
- demasiado
- promoción
- ser
English:
behind
- closely
- equal
- firm
- of
- table
- there
- us
- distantly
- ever
- means

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somos ver ser

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somos

vb → ser

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somos ser

Spanish-English dictionary > somos
72 מה

מָה, מַה(b. h.) 1) something; anything. Num. R. s. 14; Tanḥ. Ḥayé 3, v. בְּלִימָה. 2) what? which? Ḥull.89a (play on הא̇מ̇נ̇ם א̇ל̇ם̇, Ps. 58:2) מה א̇ומ̇נ̇תו … כא̇ל̇ם̇ which is the best policy for man in this world? Let him act as if he were mute (keep silence). B. Mets.63a, a. e. מה לו הן מה לי דמיהן what are they to me and what their equivalent, i. e. what difference does it make whether the purchased objects or their equivalent be delivered?; Y.Yoma V, 43a bot. מה ביניהן ומה בין דמיהן. B. Bath.32b; 31a מה (לי) לו לשקר what motive could he have to tell a lie? Ib., a. e. מה לי לשקר במקום עדיםוכ׳ we do not apply the principle that we believe a defendant because he has no motive to lie, where witnesses are on hand; a. v. fr.מה … אף what …?, even so, i. e. as … so. Gitt.23b מה אתם … אףוכ׳ as you (Num. 18:28) refers to Israelites, so must your delegate be an Israelite. Sabb.133b מה הוא … אףוכ׳ as He is gracious and merciful, so be thou ; a. fr.מה … לא כל שכן, v. כָּל.מה … אינו דין, v. דִּין II.מה ל־ … שכן … תאמר what has this to do with …? In this case …, whereas, i. e. it is different with … because Kidd.4b מה ליבמה שכן … תאמרוכ׳ the case of a Ybamah is different, because she can neither be acquired by means of a document, whereas this (an ordinary woman) ; a. fr.מָה נַפְשְׁךָ (in Babli mostly: מִמָּה נפשך; abbr. ממ״נ) whatever be thy opinion (from whatever opinion thou start), i. e. whichever side you take, at all events. Y.Ber.I, 2b מ׳ נ׳ אםוכ׳ at all events (he has offended); if it was day-time when the first stars (on Friday evening) were visible, it was day-time when the first stars (on Sabbath evening) were visible ; Sabb.35b חייכ חטאתממ״נ must bring a sinoffering at all events (whether you consider twilight a part of the day or a part of the night). Ib. 34a (in Chald. diet.) מה נפשך איוכ׳ whichever side you take, if twilight is day Erub.10a גדולה … למה ליממ״נ איוכ׳ what reason was there for saying ‘large …? In either case (it is incorrect), if it be to permit the use of the larger court Ḥull.29a ממ״נ אי מחצהוכ׳ in either case (the slaughtering is ritually correct); if you adopt the opinion that an exact half is to be considered as if it were the larger portion ; a. v. fr.Ib. 78b מה אם נפשך, v. נֶפֶש.בַּמֶּה a) wherewith? B. Bath.10b במה תרוםוכ׳ whereby can the horn of Israel be lifted up? Sabb.II, 1; a. fr.b) in what case? במה דברים אמורים (abbr. בד״א), v. אָמַר I.לָמָּה wherefore? Ber.3a תחלת … סימנא למה לי what need is there for a sign for the beginning of the first watch? M. Kat. 28a ל׳ נסמכהוכ׳ why is the account of the death of Miriam attached to ?; a. fr.לַמֶּה to what?, whereto? Kidd.40b ל׳ צדיקים נמשלים what are the righteous to be compared to?ל׳ הדבר דומה, v. דָּמָה; a. fr.V. לָמָה. 3) (relat) which, what. Pes.88b מה שקנה עבדוכ׳ whatever the slave acquires belongs to the master. Ber.I, 1 כל מה שאמרווכ׳ for whatever act the scholars designated the time ‘up to midnight ; a. v. fr.

Jewish literature > מה
73 מָה

מָה, מַה(b. h.) 1) something; anything. Num. R. s. 14; Tanḥ. Ḥayé 3, v. בְּלִימָה. 2) what? which? Ḥull.89a (play on הא̇מ̇נ̇ם א̇ל̇ם̇, Ps. 58:2) מה א̇ומ̇נ̇תו … כא̇ל̇ם̇ which is the best policy for man in this world? Let him act as if he were mute (keep silence). B. Mets.63a, a. e. מה לו הן מה לי דמיהן what are they to me and what their equivalent, i. e. what difference does it make whether the purchased objects or their equivalent be delivered?; Y.Yoma V, 43a bot. מה ביניהן ומה בין דמיהן. B. Bath.32b; 31a מה (לי) לו לשקר what motive could he have to tell a lie? Ib., a. e. מה לי לשקר במקום עדיםוכ׳ we do not apply the principle that we believe a defendant because he has no motive to lie, where witnesses are on hand; a. v. fr.מה … אף what …?, even so, i. e. as … so. Gitt.23b מה אתם … אףוכ׳ as you (Num. 18:28) refers to Israelites, so must your delegate be an Israelite. Sabb.133b מה הוא … אףוכ׳ as He is gracious and merciful, so be thou ; a. fr.מה … לא כל שכן, v. כָּל.מה … אינו דין, v. דִּין II.מה ל־ … שכן … תאמר what has this to do with …? In this case …, whereas, i. e. it is different with … because Kidd.4b מה ליבמה שכן … תאמרוכ׳ the case of a Ybamah is different, because she can neither be acquired by means of a document, whereas this (an ordinary woman) ; a. fr.מָה נַפְשְׁךָ (in Babli mostly: מִמָּה נפשך; abbr. ממ״נ) whatever be thy opinion (from whatever opinion thou start), i. e. whichever side you take, at all events. Y.Ber.I, 2b מ׳ נ׳ אםוכ׳ at all events (he has offended); if it was day-time when the first stars (on Friday evening) were visible, it was day-time when the first stars (on Sabbath evening) were visible ; Sabb.35b חייכ חטאתממ״נ must bring a sinoffering at all events (whether you consider twilight a part of the day or a part of the night). Ib. 34a (in Chald. diet.) מה נפשך איוכ׳ whichever side you take, if twilight is day Erub.10a גדולה … למה ליממ״נ איוכ׳ what reason was there for saying ‘large …? In either case (it is incorrect), if it be to permit the use of the larger court Ḥull.29a ממ״נ אי מחצהוכ׳ in either case (the slaughtering is ritually correct); if you adopt the opinion that an exact half is to be considered as if it were the larger portion ; a. v. fr.Ib. 78b מה אם נפשך, v. נֶפֶש.בַּמֶּה a) wherewith? B. Bath.10b במה תרוםוכ׳ whereby can the horn of Israel be lifted up? Sabb.II, 1; a. fr.b) in what case? במה דברים אמורים (abbr. בד״א), v. אָמַר I.לָמָּה wherefore? Ber.3a תחלת … סימנא למה לי what need is there for a sign for the beginning of the first watch? M. Kat. 28a ל׳ נסמכהוכ׳ why is the account of the death of Miriam attached to ?; a. fr.לַמֶּה to what?, whereto? Kidd.40b ל׳ צדיקים נמשלים what are the righteous to be compared to?ל׳ הדבר דומה, v. דָּמָה; a. fr.V. לָמָה. 3) (relat) which, what. Pes.88b מה שקנה עבדוכ׳ whatever the slave acquires belongs to the master. Ber.I, 1 כל מה שאמרווכ׳ for whatever act the scholars designated the time ‘up to midnight ; a. v. fr.

Jewish literature > מָה
74 מַה

מָה, מַה(b. h.) 1) something; anything. Num. R. s. 14; Tanḥ. Ḥayé 3, v. בְּלִימָה. 2) what? which? Ḥull.89a (play on הא̇מ̇נ̇ם א̇ל̇ם̇, Ps. 58:2) מה א̇ומ̇נ̇תו … כא̇ל̇ם̇ which is the best policy for man in this world? Let him act as if he were mute (keep silence). B. Mets.63a, a. e. מה לו הן מה לי דמיהן what are they to me and what their equivalent, i. e. what difference does it make whether the purchased objects or their equivalent be delivered?; Y.Yoma V, 43a bot. מה ביניהן ומה בין דמיהן. B. Bath.32b; 31a מה (לי) לו לשקר what motive could he have to tell a lie? Ib., a. e. מה לי לשקר במקום עדיםוכ׳ we do not apply the principle that we believe a defendant because he has no motive to lie, where witnesses are on hand; a. v. fr.מה … אף what …?, even so, i. e. as … so. Gitt.23b מה אתם … אףוכ׳ as you (Num. 18:28) refers to Israelites, so must your delegate be an Israelite. Sabb.133b מה הוא … אףוכ׳ as He is gracious and merciful, so be thou ; a. fr.מה … לא כל שכן, v. כָּל.מה … אינו דין, v. דִּין II.מה ל־ … שכן … תאמר what has this to do with …? In this case …, whereas, i. e. it is different with … because Kidd.4b מה ליבמה שכן … תאמרוכ׳ the case of a Ybamah is different, because she can neither be acquired by means of a document, whereas this (an ordinary woman) ; a. fr.מָה נַפְשְׁךָ (in Babli mostly: מִמָּה נפשך; abbr. ממ״נ) whatever be thy opinion (from whatever opinion thou start), i. e. whichever side you take, at all events. Y.Ber.I, 2b מ׳ נ׳ אםוכ׳ at all events (he has offended); if it was day-time when the first stars (on Friday evening) were visible, it was day-time when the first stars (on Sabbath evening) were visible ; Sabb.35b חייכ חטאתממ״נ must bring a sinoffering at all events (whether you consider twilight a part of the day or a part of the night). Ib. 34a (in Chald. diet.) מה נפשך איוכ׳ whichever side you take, if twilight is day Erub.10a גדולה … למה ליממ״נ איוכ׳ what reason was there for saying ‘large …? In either case (it is incorrect), if it be to permit the use of the larger court Ḥull.29a ממ״נ אי מחצהוכ׳ in either case (the slaughtering is ritually correct); if you adopt the opinion that an exact half is to be considered as if it were the larger portion ; a. v. fr.Ib. 78b מה אם נפשך, v. נֶפֶש.בַּמֶּה a) wherewith? B. Bath.10b במה תרוםוכ׳ whereby can the horn of Israel be lifted up? Sabb.II, 1; a. fr.b) in what case? במה דברים אמורים (abbr. בד״א), v. אָמַר I.לָמָּה wherefore? Ber.3a תחלת … סימנא למה לי what need is there for a sign for the beginning of the first watch? M. Kat. 28a ל׳ נסמכהוכ׳ why is the account of the death of Miriam attached to ?; a. fr.לַמֶּה to what?, whereto? Kidd.40b ל׳ צדיקים נמשלים what are the righteous to be compared to?ל׳ הדבר דומה, v. דָּמָה; a. fr.V. לָמָה. 3) (relat) which, what. Pes.88b מה שקנה עבדוכ׳ whatever the slave acquires belongs to the master. Ber.I, 1 כל מה שאמרווכ׳ for whatever act the scholars designated the time ‘up to midnight ; a. v. fr.

Jewish literature > מַה
75 ganador

adj.

winning.

m.

winner, prizewinner, gainer, lucky winner.

* * *

ganador

► adjetivo

1 winning

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 winner

* * *
1. (f. - ganadora)
noun

winner
2. (f. - ganadora)
adj.

winning

* * *
ganador, -a
1.

ADJ (=vencedor) winning, victorious

el equipo ganador — the winning team

apostar a ganador y colocado — to back (a horse) each way, back for a win and a place

2.

SM / F winner; (Econ) earner; [que se beneficia] gainer

* * *
I
- dora adjetivo <equipo/caballo> winning (before n)

la película ganadora del Oscar — the Oscar-winning film
II
- dora masculino, femenino winner

* * *

= winner, gainer, winning, victorious, victor.

Ex. The jungle fighter views his life and work in terms of winners and losers, with power as his goal.

Ex. Is this claim based on a principle to which you would have subscribed even if, as far as you know, you were as likely to be a loser as a gainer by its implication?.

Ex. The winning entry in the competition to produce a design for the main library building is described and a floor plan of the building is presented.

Ex. The author offers an interpretation of why in professional wrestling the bad guy is often victorious, by whatever means necessary including foul play.

Ex. Sports are about winning and losing and that they will always demand great victors and tragic losers.

----

* ganador de la lotería = lottery winner.

* ganador de premio = award winner.

* ganador de un premio = awardee.

* ganador de votos = vote-getter.

* ganador sorpresa = dark horse.

* lista de ganadores = roll of honour.

* * *
I
- dora adjetivo <equipo/caballo> winning (before n)

la película ganadora del Oscar — the Oscar-winning film
II
- dora masculino, femenino winner

* * *

= winner, gainer, winning, victorious, victor.

Ex: The jungle fighter views his life and work in terms of winners and losers, with power as his goal.

Ex: Is this claim based on a principle to which you would have subscribed even if, as far as you know, you were as likely to be a loser as a gainer by its implication?.

Ex: The winning entry in the competition to produce a design for the main library building is described and a floor plan of the building is presented.

Ex: The author offers an interpretation of why in professional wrestling the bad guy is often victorious, by whatever means necessary including foul play.

Ex: Sports are about winning and losing and that they will always demand great victors and tragic losers.

* ganador de la lotería = lottery winner.

* ganador de premio = award winner.

* ganador de un premio = awardee.

* ganador de votos = vote-getter.

* ganador sorpresa = dark horse.

* lista de ganadores = roll of honour.

* * *

ganador¹ - dora

adjective

‹equipo/caballo› winning ( before n)

la película ganadora del Oscar the Oscar-winning film

ganador² - dora

masculine, feminine

winner

* * *

ganador
◊ - dora adjetivo ‹equipo/caballo› winning ( before n);

la película ganadora del Oscar the Oscar-winning film
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
winner
ganador,-ora
I adjetivo winning
II sustantivo masculino y femenino winner

' ganador' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agraciada
- agraciado
- ganadora
- ganarse
- quién
- vencedor
- vencedora
- Nobel
English:
outright
- prizewinner
- winner
- winning
- entry
- prize

* * *

ganador, -ora

♦ adj

winning;

el escritor ganador del Nobel the Nobel prize-winning writer

♦ nm,f

winner

* * *

ganador

I adj winning

II m, ganadora f winner

* * *

ganador, - dora adj

: winning

ganador, - dora n

: winner

* * *

ganador¹ adj winning

el número ganador the winning number

ganador² n winner

y el ganador es... and the winner is...

Spanish-English dictionary > ganador
76 preciso

adj.

1 precise, accurate, correct, exact.

2 precise, demanding great precision, persnickety, probing.

3 necessary, required.

4 exact, meticulous.

5 accurate, precise.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: precisar.

* * *

preciso

► adjetivo

1 precise, exact, accurate

2 (necesario) necessary

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en el preciso momento que at the precise moment that, just as

ser preciso to be necessary, be essential

■ es preciso que acabes ya you must finish now

* * *

(f. - precisa)

adj.

1) necessary

2) accurate, precise

3) exact

* * *

ADJ

1) (=exacto) precise

una descripción precisa — a precise description

hemos recibido instrucciones precisas — we have received precise instructions

un reloj muy preciso — a very precise o accurate watch

2) (=justo)

en aquel preciso momento — at that precise o very moment

tengo el tiempo preciso para comer y ducharme — I have just enough time to eat and shower

3) (=necesario) necessary

las cualidades precisas — the necessary qualities

cuando sea preciso — when it becomes necessary

si es preciso iré yo mismo — I'll go by myself if necessary

es preciso tener coche — it is essential to have a car

es preciso que lo hagas — you must do it

no es preciso que vengas — there's no need for you to come

- ser un Don Preciso

4) [estilo, lenguaje] concise

5) Caribe [persona] conceited

* * *

- sa adjetivo

1)

a) (exacto, claro) precise

¿me puede dar datos más precisos? — can you give me more detailed information

b) (delante del n) ( como intensificador) very

en este preciso momento — right now, this very minute

en el preciso momento en que salía — just as he was going out

en este preciso lugar — in this very spot

2) ( necesario) necessary

si es preciso — if necessary, if need be

ser preciso + INF — to be necessary to + inf

no es preciso entregarlo hoy — it doesn't have to be handed in today

fue preciso darle un sedante — he had to be given a sedative

es preciso que la veas — you must see her

no es preciso que vayamos todos — there's no need for all of us to go

* * *

= accurate, precise, sharp [sharper -comp., sharpest -sup.], strict [stricter -comp., strictest -sup.], undeviating, coextensive [co-extensive].

Ex. An abstract is a concise and accurate representation of the contents of a document, in a style similar to that of the original document.

Ex. This planning phase involves moving from a vague impression that a thesaurus might be useful to a fairly precise profile for the thesaurus.

Ex. 'I'll give it more thought,' she said with a sharp frown, resuming her former posture.

Ex. This may lead to deviations from the strict and most obvious alphabetical sequence.

Ex. Happily the rules of quasi-facsimile are easily mastered; what is difficult is to observe them with scrupulous, undeviating accuracy.

Ex. Bibliographies in general are also retrieval devices; the difference here is that the bibliography is not coextensive with the stock of the library it may omit items in stock and include others not in stock.

----

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de manera precisa = precisely.

* el momento preciso = the point in time at which.

* hacer más preciso = tightening up.

* muy preciso = much needed [much-needed].

* regla muy precisa = finely graduated scale.

* ser demasiado preciso = put + too fine a point on, split + hairs.

* * *

- sa adjetivo

1)

a) (exacto, claro) precise

¿me puede dar datos más precisos? — can you give me more detailed information

b) (delante del n) ( como intensificador) very

en este preciso momento — right now, this very minute

en el preciso momento en que salía — just as he was going out

en este preciso lugar — in this very spot

2) ( necesario) necessary

si es preciso — if necessary, if need be

ser preciso + INF — to be necessary to + inf

no es preciso entregarlo hoy — it doesn't have to be handed in today

fue preciso darle un sedante — he had to be given a sedative

es preciso que la veas — you must see her

no es preciso que vayamos todos — there's no need for all of us to go

* * *

= accurate, precise, sharp [sharper -comp., sharpest -sup.], strict [stricter -comp., strictest -sup.], undeviating, coextensive [co-extensive].

Ex: An abstract is a concise and accurate representation of the contents of a document, in a style similar to that of the original document.

Ex: This planning phase involves moving from a vague impression that a thesaurus might be useful to a fairly precise profile for the thesaurus.

Ex: 'I'll give it more thought,' she said with a sharp frown, resuming her former posture.

Ex: This may lead to deviations from the strict and most obvious alphabetical sequence.

Ex: Happily the rules of quasi-facsimile are easily mastered; what is difficult is to observe them with scrupulous, undeviating accuracy.

Ex: Bibliographies in general are also retrieval devices; the difference here is that the bibliography is not coextensive with the stock of the library it may omit items in stock and include others not in stock.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de manera precisa = precisely.

* el momento preciso = the point in time at which.

* hacer más preciso = tightening up.

* muy preciso = much needed [much-needed].

* regla muy precisa = finely graduated scale.

* ser demasiado preciso = put + too fine a point on, split + hairs.

* * *

preciso -sa

adjective

A

1 (exacto, detallado) precise

¿me puede dar datos más precisos? can you give me more detailed information o more precise details?

necesitamos instrucciones más precisas we need more precise o more accurate o clearer instructions

se expresó con un lenguaje preciso y llano he expressed himself in precise, simple terms

2 ( delante del n) (como intensificador) very

¿tiene que ser en este preciso momento? does it have to be right this minute? o right now? o this very minute?

en el preciso momento en que salía just as he was going out

en este preciso lugar in this very spot

3

( Col fam) (seguro): preciso que salgo y suena el teléfono I bet the phone rings as soon as I go out ( colloq)

B (necesario) necessary

si es preciso se pide un préstamo if necessary we can ask for a loan

si es preciso tendremos que contárselo if need be we'll have to tell him

haré lo que sea preciso I will do whatever is necessary o whatever I have to

factores que hacen precisa la planificación de la economía factors which make economic planning necessary o a necessity

ser preciso + INF to be necessary to + INF

no es preciso entregarlo hoy it doesn't have to be handed in today, it's not necessary to hand it in today

fue preciso darle un sedante he had to be given a sedative

ser preciso + SUBJ:

es preciso que te vayas inmediatamente you must go right away, it is essential that you leave immediately

será preciso que vayas a buscarlo it will be necessary for you to go and find him, you will have to go and find him

no es preciso que estemos todos con ella there's no need for all of us to be with her, we needn't all be with her

* * *

Del verbo precisar: ( conjugate precisar)

preciso es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

precisó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
precisar
preciso
precisar ( conjugate precisar) verbo transitivo
1 ( determinar con exactitud) to specify
2 ( necesitar) to need
preciso
◊ -sa adjetivo

1
a) (exacto, claro) precise

b) ( delante del n) ( como intensificador) very;

◊ en este preciso momento this very minute, right now;

en el preciso momento en que salía just as he was going out;
en este preciso lugar in this very spot
2 ( necesario) necessary;
◊ si es preciso if necessary, if need be;

ser preciso hacer algo to be necessary to do sth;
es preciso que la veas you must see her;
no es preciso que vayamos todos there's no need for all of us to go
precisar verbo transitivo
1 (determinar) to specify
2 (necesitar) to require, need
preciso,-a adjetivo
1 (exacto) precise, accurate: en ese preciso momento se fue la luz, at that very moment the light went off
2 (claro) precise, clear
3 (necesario) necessary, essential: no es preciso que vayas, there's no need for you to go
' preciso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
chabolismo
- concreta
- concreto
- determinada
- determinado
- en
- fiel
- fraude
- justa
- justo
- precisa
- resaltar
- revigorizar
English:
edge
- exact
- necessary
- outlay
- plan
- precise
- sketchy
- specific
- fine
- loose
- process
- reintegrate

* * *

preciso, -a adj

1. [exacto] precise;

nos dio instrucciones precisas she gave us precise instructions;

llegaste en el momento preciso en el que me marchaba you arrived exactly as I was leaving;

en este preciso instante no puedo atender la llamada I can't take the call right now;

el accidente ocurrió en este preciso lugar the accident happened right here o on this very spot

2. [necesario]
carecen de los medios precisos they lack the necessary means;

ser preciso (para algo/hacer algo) to be necessary (for sth/to do sth);

fue preciso llamar a los bomberos the fire brigade had to be called;

es preciso que vengas you must come;

no es preciso que madrugues there's no need for you to get up early;

será preciso que obtengan un permiso it will be necessary for them to get a permit;

cuando sea preciso when necessary;

si es preciso, llámame call me if necessary;

si es preciso, contrataremos a un consultor if necessary, we will hire a consultant

3. [conciso] exact, precise;

utiliza un lenguaje muy preciso he uses very precise language

* * *

preciso

adj precise, accurate;

ser preciso be necessary

* * *

preciso, -sa adj

1) exacto: precise

2) : very, exact

en ese preciso instante: at that very instant

3) necesario: necessary

* * *

preciso adj

1. (exacto) accurate

es un reloj muy preciso it's a very accurate watch

2. (determinado) precise

en ese preciso instante at that precise moment

ser preciso must / have to

es preciso que me ayudes you must help me

no es preciso cocerlo you don't need to cook it

Spanish-English dictionary > preciso
77 vencedor

adj.

winning, conquering, triumphant, victorious.

m.

conqueror, vanquisher, winner, victor.

* * *

vencedor

► adjetivo

1 (equipo etc) winning

2 MILITAR conquering, victorious

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 (equipo etc) winner, victor

2 MILITAR conqueror, victor

* * *
1. (f. - vencedora)
noun

winner, victor
2. (f. - vencedora)
adj.

winning

* * *
vencedor, -a
1.

ADJ [equipo, partido] winning, victorious frm; [general, país] victorious

2.

SM/ F
(=ganador) [de una competición, elecciones] winner; [de una guerra] victor
una guerra sin vencedores ni vencidos — a war with neither victor nor vanquished

* * *
I
- dora adjetivo <ejército/país> victorious; <equipo/jugador> winning (before n)
II
- dora masculino, femenino ( en guerra) victor; ( en competición) winner

no habrá vencedores ni vencidos — (frml) there will be no victors and no vanquished (frml)

* * *

= winner, victorious, victor.

Ex. The jungle fighter views his life and work in terms of winners and losers, with power as his goal.

Ex. The author offers an interpretation of why in professional wrestling the bad guy is often victorious, by whatever means necessary including foul play.

Ex. Sports are about winning and losing and that they will always demand great victors and tragic losers.

----

* declarar vencedor = adjudge + winner.

* prebendas del vencedor, las = victor's spoils.

* vencedor inesperado = dark horse.

* * *
I
- dora adjetivo <ejército/país> victorious; <equipo/jugador> winning (before n)
II
- dora masculino, femenino ( en guerra) victor; ( en competición) winner

no habrá vencedores ni vencidos — (frml) there will be no victors and no vanquished (frml)

* * *

= winner, victorious, victor.

Ex: The jungle fighter views his life and work in terms of winners and losers, with power as his goal.

Ex: The author offers an interpretation of why in professional wrestling the bad guy is often victorious, by whatever means necessary including foul play.

Ex: Sports are about winning and losing and that they will always demand great victors and tragic losers.

* declarar vencedor = adjudge + winner.

* prebendas del vencedor, las = victor's spoils.

* vencedor inesperado = dark horse.

* * *

vencedor¹ - dora

adjective

‹ejército/país› victorious; ‹equipo/jugador› winning ( before n), victorious

vencedor² - dora

masculine, feminine

(en una guerra) victor; (en una competición) winner

no habrá vencedores ni vencidos ( frml); there will be no victors and no vanquished ( frml)

* * *

vencedor
◊ - dora adjetivo ‹ejército/país› victorious;

‹equipo/jugador› winning ( before n)
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino ( en guerra) victor;
( en competición) winner
vencedor,-ora
I sustantivo masculino y femenino
1 (competidor, ganador) winner
2 (ejército) victor: en esta guerra no hay vencedores ni vencidos, there are no winners or losers in this war
II adjetivo
1 (equipo, persona, propuesta) winning
2 (ejército, bando) victorious
' vencedor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
vencedora
English:
dark horse
- victor
- victorious

* * *

vencedor, -ora

♦ adj
[equipo] winning; [ejército] victorious
♦ nm,f
[en competición] winner; [en batalla] victor;
en una guerra civil no hay vencedores ni vencidos in a civil war there are neither victors nor vanquished

* * *

vencedor

I adj winning

II m, vencedora f winner

* * *

vencedor, - dora n

: winner, victor

* * *

vencedor¹ adj winning

vencedor² n winner

Spanish-English dictionary > vencedor
78 никакой

мест.

1) в отрицательных предложениях (при предл. отрицание отделяется: ни от како́го и т.п.) no; (без сущ.) none; отрицание не в обоих случаях не переводится

никаки́е препя́тствия не могли́ останови́ть его́ — no obstacles could stop him

никаки́х возраже́ний! — no objections!

никако́й из них не хоро́ш — none of them is good

есть ли како́е-нибудь сомне́ние? - Никако́го! — is there any doubt? - None (whatever)!

он не име́л [у него́ не́ было] никаки́х возраже́ний — he had no [didn't have any] objections

не име́ть никако́го пра́ва — have (absolutely) no right

не име́ть никако́го представле́ния / поня́тия (о пр.) — have no idea (of)

нет никако́го сомне́ния — there is no doubt whatever

нет никаки́х следо́в — there are no traces whatever

никто́ не посыла́л никаки́х де́нег — nobody sent any money

2) разг. (+ сущ.; вовсе не) not (noun) at all

он никако́й не до́ктор — he is not a doctor at all

никака́я она́ мне не жена́ — she is not my wife at all

3) разг. ( неинтересный) featureless; unremarkable; ( бесхарактерный) characterless

кни́га получи́лась никака́я — the book has come out completely unremarkable / uninteresting

••

никаки́м о́бразом (не) — by no means (ср. никак I)

и никаки́х! — and that's all there is to it!, and that's that!

(и) без никаки́х! разг. — and no arguments!, and no backtalk!

Новый большой русско-английский словарь > никакой
79 كل

كُلّ \ all: the whole number or amount of: All the boys have spent all their money. each: every one (of two or more) considered separately: I gave each boy a ball. I gave a ball to each of them. They each had one. They sat on each side of me. The balls cost 60 pence each. either: both of two; each: His sons sat on either side of him. every: each one, not leaving out any: The sun rises every day, (with few or a number) again and again with a regular spacing between each time He visits me every few days (or every third day or every three days). single: (esp. with each and every) each one separately; each one, without exception: He comes here every single day. whole: complete; unbroken: Her spent the whole day (all the day) in bed. He swallowed it whole (in one piece). \ كُلُّ (شَخْص) آخر \ every other: all the other ones: Every other boy passed the exam, but George failed. \ كُلُّ ثاني... \ every other: every second: I go there every other day. \ كُلُّ أسبوع \ weekly: once a week; every week: a weekly newspaper; a paper which comes out weekly; a weekly visit. \ كُلُّ أسبوعين \ fortnightly: adj., adv. happening once in every fortnight. \ كُلُّ إنسان \ everybody: every person. \ كُلُّ ساعة \ hourly: once an hour: There is an hourly bus service. The buses go hourly. \ كُلُّ شَخْص \ anybody: every person: Anybody could do that. \ كُلُّ شيء \ all: everything: All is ready. everything: all things. the lot: all: Don’t take the lot; leave some for me. \ كُلُّ ما \ whatever: anything: Do whatever you like. Read whatever book you like. \ كُلُّ مَسَاء \ nightly: every night: a nightly performance; happening twice nightly. \ كُلُّ مَن \ whoever: anyone who: Whoever said that was a fool. \ كُلٌّ مِن (كُلُّ واحدٍ)‏ \ each: every one (of two or more) considered separately: I gave each boy a ball. I gave a ball to each of them. They each had one. They sat on each side of me. The balls cost 60 pence each. \ كُلٌّ منهما الآخر \ each other: (means that each of two or more does something to the other(s)): They love each other dearly. \ كُلَّ يوم \ everyday: happening every day: an everyday event. \ See Also يومي (يَوْميّ)‏ \ كُلَّ يوم بعد يوم \ every other: every second: I go there every other day (Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday). \ See Also إلخ

Arabic-English dictionary > كل
80 Wie

I Adv.

1. bes. in Fragen: how?; nach der Art etc.: what... like?; wie bitte? pardon?, (sorry,) what did you say?; entrüstet: I beg your pardon!; wie? umg., nachfragend, erstaunt: what?; wie, hat er das wirklich gesagt? what, did he really say that?; wie das? how come? umg.; wie alt sind Sie? how old are you?; wie lange ist das her? how long ago is ( oder was) that?; wie viel / viele how much / many; wie viel Uhr ist es? what’s the time?, what time is it?; wie viel ist zwei plus zwei? what is two plus two?, what do two and two make?; wie war’s im Kino? how was the film (Am. movie)?; wie ist er (so)? what’s he like?; wie ist der neue Wagen? what’s the new car like?; wie war das mit dem Unfall? what exactly happened in the accident?; ich weiß nicht, wie das kam I don’t know how it came about; na, wie war das / ich? so how was it / I?; wie wäre es mit...? how about...?; na, wie wär’s ( mit uns beiden)? so, how about it?

2. umg., als Zusatz: das war doch sehr witzig, wie? that was very funny, wasn’t it?; du magst mich nicht, wie? you don’t like me, do you?

3. im Ausruf: wie schön! how beautiful!; wie froh war ich! how glad I was; wie gut, dass...! lucky for me ( oder you etc.) that...; wie du das nur immer schaffst! amazing how you always manage it!; wie du wieder aussiehst! just look at you!; und wie! umg. and how!, you bet!

4. vergleichend: die Art, wie du lachst the way (that) you laugh; die Art, wie es gemacht wird the way (that) it’s done; in dem oder im gleichen Maß, wie... to the same extent that...; ein Erlebnis, wie man es nur selten hat an experience of a kind that one has only rarely

5. verallgemeinernd: wie lang etc. auch ( immer) however long etc., no matter how long etc.; wie laut sie auch schrie however loud she shouted; wie sehr ich mich auch bemühte however hard I tried, try as I would; wie dem auch sei be that as it may; wie sie auch heißen mögen whatever they’re called

II Konj.

1. in Vergleichen: (so) wie nach Adj. oder Adv.: as, meist as... as; nach Subst. oder V.: like; ein Mann wie er a man like him; in einem Fall wie diesem in a case like this; groß wie ein Haus (as) big as a house; ( nicht) so alt wie (not) as old as; so schön wie ( noch) nie more beautiful than ever; ich fühlte mich wie betäubt / unter Drogen I felt as if I’d been stunned / as if I’d been taking drugs; er singt wie selten einer / wie keiner very few people sing / nobody sings like ( oder as well as) he does; sie arbeitet wie verrückt oder eine Verrückte she works like a madwoman; er sieht nicht wie 50 aus he doesn’t look fifty; mit P wie Paula with a P as in Peter; sie machte es wie ihr Vater she did like her father

2. (beispielsweise) such as, like; Haustiere wie Hunde, Katzen und Vögel pets such as dogs, cats, and cagebirds

3. (und) as well as; auf dem Land wie in den kleinen Städten both in the country and in the small towns; Sommer wie Winter summer and winter; Arm wie Reich rich and poor

4. mit Verben der Wahrnehmung: ich sah, wie er weglief I saw him running away; ich hörte, wie er es sagte I heard him say so ( oder it)

5. mit Teilsatz: wie man mir gesagt hat as I’ve been told; sie ist reich, wie es scheint she’s rich (so) it appears; wie so oft as is often the case; (früher) as ( oder like) so often before; wie er nun mal ist being the type of person he is; dumm wie er ist stupid as he is; wie gehabt umg. as before; wie gesagt as I said ( oder was saying); wie du mir, so ich dir Sprichw. it’s tit for tat

6. zeitlich: as, when; wie er dies hörte when he heard this; wie ich so vorbeiging just as I was passing

7. umg. (als), nach Komp.: than; schneller wie du faster than you; anders wie gestern different from yesterday; wie wenn as when; nichts wie nothing but; nichts wie weg hier! let’s get out of here

* * *

das Wie

how

* * *
[viː]
nt -s, no pl

das Wíé spielt dabei keine Rolle — how (it'll happen/it'll be done etc) is unimportant

dass es geschehen muss, ist klar, nur das Wíé ist noch ein Problem — it's clear that it has to happen, the only problem is how

das Wíé und Wann werden wir später besprechen — we'll talk about how and when later

* * *

1) (used to introduce a statement of what the speaker knows or believes to be the case: As you know, I'll be leaving tomorrow.) as

2) (like: He was dressed as a woman.) as

3) (with certain verbs eg regard, treat, describe, accept: I am regarded by some people as a bit of a fool; He treats the children as adults.) as

4) ((also how ever) in what way; by what means: However did you get here?; However did you do that?) however

5) (in what way: How do you make bread?) how

6) (to what extent: How do you like my new hat?; How far is Paris from London?) how

7) (by what means: I've no idea how he came here.) how

8) (in what condition: How are you today?; How do I look?) how

9) (for what reason: How is it that I am the last to know about this?) how

10) (the same or similar: They're as like as two peas.) like

11) (the same as or similar to; in the same or a similar way as: He climbs like a cat; She is like her mother.) like

* * *

Wie

<-s>

[vi:]

nt kein pl

der Plan ist grundsätzlich klar, nur das \Wie muss noch festgelegt werden the plan is basically clear, we just have to establish how to implement it

* * *
1.
Interrogativadverb

1) (auf welche Art u. Weise) how

wie heißt er/das? — what is his/its name?; what is he/that called?

wie [bitte]? — [I beg your] pardon?; (entrüstet) I beg your pardon!

wie war das? — (ugs.) what was that?; what did you say?

wie kommt es, dass...? — how is it that...?

wie das? — (ugs.) how did that come about?

2) (durch welche Merkmale gekennzeichnet)

wie war das Wetter? — what was the weather like?; how was the weather?

wie ist dein neuer Chef? — what is your new boss like? (coll.); how is your new boss? (coll.)

wie geht es ihm? — how is he?

wie war es in Spanien? — what was Spain like?; what was it like in Spain?

wie findest du das Bild? — what do you think of the picture?

wie gefällt er dir? — how do you like him?

wie wär's mit... — how about...

3) (in welchem Grade) how

wie lange/groß/hoch/oft/viel? — how long/big/high/often/much?

wie spät ist es? — what time is it?

wie alt bist du? — how old are you?

und wie! — and how! (coll.)

4) (ugs.): (nicht wahr)

das hat dir Spaß gemacht, wie? — you enjoyed that, didn't you?
2.
Relativadverb

[die Art,] wie er es tut — the way or manner in which he does it

wie schon der Name sagt — as the name already implies
3.
Konjunktion

1) Vergleichspartikel as

[so]... wie... — as... as...

er macht es [genauso] wie du — he does it [just] like you [do]

ich fühlte mich wie... — I felt as if I were...

‘N’ wie ‘Nordpol’ — N for November

wie [zum Beispiel] — like; such as

wie wenn — as if or though

2) (und, sowie) as well as; both

Männer wie Frauen — men as well as women; both men and women

3) (temporal): (als)

wie ich an seinem Fenster vorbeigehe, höre ich ihn singen — as I pass by his window I hear him singing

4) (ugs.): (außer)

nichts wie Ärger — nothing but trouble

* * *

Wie n; -, kein pl:

auf das Wie kommt es an what matters is how;

das Wie, Wann und Wo ist noch völlig unklar (the) how, when, and where are still completely unclear

* * *
1.
Interrogativadverb

1) (auf welche Art u. Weise) how

wie heißt er/das? — what is his/its name?; what is he/that called?

wie [bitte]? — [I beg your] pardon?; (entrüstet) I beg your pardon!

wie war das? — (ugs.) what was that?; what did you say?

wie kommt es, dass...? — how is it that...?

wie das? — (ugs.) how did that come about?

2) (durch welche Merkmale gekennzeichnet)

wie war das Wetter? — what was the weather like?; how was the weather?

wie ist dein neuer Chef? — what is your new boss like? (coll.); how is your new boss? (coll.)

wie geht es ihm? — how is he?

wie war es in Spanien? — what was Spain like?; what was it like in Spain?

wie findest du das Bild? — what do you think of the picture?

wie gefällt er dir? — how do you like him?

wie wär's mit... — how about...

3) (in welchem Grade) how

wie lange/groß/hoch/oft/viel? — how long/big/high/often/much?

wie spät ist es? — what time is it?

wie alt bist du? — how old are you?

und wie! — and how! (coll.)

4) (ugs.): (nicht wahr)

das hat dir Spaß gemacht, wie? — you enjoyed that, didn't you?
2.
Relativadverb

[die Art,] wie er es tut — the way or manner in which he does it

wie schon der Name sagt — as the name already implies
3.
Konjunktion

1) Vergleichspartikel as

[so]... wie... — as... as...

er macht es [genauso] wie du — he does it [just] like you [do]

ich fühlte mich wie... — I felt as if I were...

‘N’ wie ‘Nordpol’ — N for November

wie [zum Beispiel] — like; such as

wie wenn — as if or though

2) (und, sowie) as well as; both

Männer wie Frauen — men as well as women; both men and women

3) (temporal): (als)

wie ich an seinem Fenster vorbeigehe, höre ich ihn singen — as I pass by his window I hear him singing

4) (ugs.): (außer)

nichts wie Ärger — nothing but trouble

* * *

adv.

as adv.

how adv.

like adj.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Wie

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