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41 United States of America
сокр. USA общ. Соединенные Штаты Америки, США (республика; столица — Вашингтон; государственный язык английский; национальная валюта — доллар США)Syn:See:dollar 1) US-Canada Free Trade Agreement, US-Israel Free Trade Agreement, North American Free Trade Agreement, Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents, Wassenaar Arrangement, CONUS, OCONUS, Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation, North American Development Bank, Group of Ten, Group of Seven, Group of Twelve, Group of Five, Group of Three а), Group of Twenty, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Organization of American States, Paris Club, Structural Impediments Initiative, Transatlantic Business Dialogue, Australia Group, Colombo Plan, ASEAN Regional Forum, Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, developed countries, advanced economies, high-income countries, Anglosphere, American Samoa, Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia 2), Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, District of ColumbiaАнгло-русский экономический словарь > United States of America
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42 W.Va.
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43 Mergenthaler, Ottmar
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 11 May 1854 Hachtel, Germanyd. 28 October 1899 Baltimore, Maryland, USA[br]German/American inventor of the Linotype typesetting machine.[br]Mergenthaler came from a family of teachers, but following a mechanical bent he was apprenticed to a clockmaker. Having served his time, Mergenthaler emigrated to the USA in 1872 to avoid military service. He immediately secured work in Washington, DC, in the scientific instrument shop of August Hahl, the son of his former master. He steadily acquired a reputation for skill and ingenuity, and in 1876, when Hahl transferred his business to Baltimore, Mergenthaler went too. Soon after, they were commissioned to remedy the defects in a model of a writing machine devised by James O.Clephane of Washington. It produced print by typewriting, which was then multiplied by lithography. Mergenthaler soon corrected the defects and Clephane ordered a full-size version. This was completed in 1877 but did not work satisfactorily. Nevertheless, Mergenthaler was moved to engage in the long battle to mechanize the typesetting stage of the printing process. Clephane suggested substituting stereotyping for lithography in his device, but in spite of their keen efforts Mergenthaler and Hahl were again unsuccessful and they abandoned the project. In spare moments Mergenthaler continued his search for a typesetting machine. Late in 1883 it occurred to him to stamp matrices into type bars and to cast type metal into them in the same machine. From this idea, the Linotype machine developed and was completed by July 1884. It worked well and a patent was granted on 26 August that year, and Clephane and his associates set up the National Typographic Company of West Virginia to manufacture it. The New York Tribune ordered twelve Linotypes, and on 3 July 1886 the first of these set part of that day's issue. During the previous year the company had passed into the hands of a group of newspaper owners; increasing differences with the Board led to Mergenthaler's resignation in 1888, but he nevertheless continued to improve the machine, patenting over fifty modifications. The Linotype, together with the Monotype of Tolbert Lanston, rapidly supplanted earlier typesetting methods, and by the 1920s it reigned supreme, the former being used more for newspapers, the latter for book work.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute John Scott Medal, Elliott Cresson Medal.Bibliography1898, Ottmar Mergenthaler and the Invention of Linotype, New York.Further ReadingJ.Moran, 1964, The Composition of Reading Matter, London.LRD -
44 WADC
1) Спорт: World Anti Doping Code2) Военный термин: Western Air Defense Command, Wright Air Development Center3) Радио: AM-1050, Parkersburg, West Virginia4) Сокращение: Western Air Defense Command (USA)5) Транспорт: World Automotive Design Competition6) Воздухоплавание: Wright Air Development Centre (UK)7) Фирменный знак: Watertown Arsenal Development Corporation, Western Area Distribution Center8) Правительство: Water Authority Of Dickson County9) Хобби: Western Art Directors Club -
45 WVNET
Вычислительная техника: West Virginia Network for Educational Telecomputing (Netzwerk, USA) -
46 Charleston
• hl.m. - West Virginia v USA• Charleston -
47 WI
1) Компьютерная техника: Window Information2) Американизм: With Interest, Write In3) Военный термин: word intelligibility4) Техника: Ward identity, washing-in, weak interaction5) Математика: Weighted Interpolation6) Метеорология: Water Ice7) Юридический термин: With Intervention8) Биржевой термин: Working Investment, 'когда и если будет выпущен ' (обозначение сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён; when issued)9) География: Висконсин (штат США)10) Политика: Western Sahara11) Сокращение: Warning Installations, Wetzel International Inc. (USA), Wisconsin (US state), Wisconsin, Women's Institute, West Indies, Windward Islands, Wageningen International, Wallops Island (Virginia), Warfighter's Internet, Warm Ischemia, Warsaw Initiative, Water Index, Water Injection (oil industry), Water Intrusion, Waterloo Industries, Wave Injector, Waveform Interpolation, Weak Infeed, Weapon Initiator, Weapons Inspector, Web Intelligence, Weekly Indemnity (refers to short term disability insurance), Weld(ing) Inspector, What If?, When Issued (stocks), Williams International, Wine Institute, Wing Intelligence, Winrock International, Wipro Infotech, Wireless, Wirtschaftsinformatik (German), Within, Woodwork Institute (formerly Woodwork Institute of California), Work Input (simple machines), Work Instruction, Work Items, Write Image, Writing Intensive12) Университет: Withdrawn Incomplete13) Физика: Wavelet Image14) Физиология: Walk In15) Вычислительная техника: расширение файлов растровых изображений в формате WI, Welding Institute (UK)16) Нефть: drilling fluid weight, washing in, working interest, заглубление свай путём размыва (дна моря, washing-in), нагнетание воды (в пласт; water injection)17) Банковское дело: после выпуска (условие сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён; when issued)18) Пищевая промышленность: Wine And Indulgence19) Фирменный знак: Walden International, Wendel Investissement, Wendel Investment20) Энергетика: индекс Воббе, число Воббе (\<кВтч/м3\>)21) СМИ: Word Initial22) Деловая лексика: "когда и если будет выпущен" (обозначение сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён, when issued), Wage Increase23) Бурение: заглубление свай путём размыва дна моря (washing in), нагнетание воды в пласт (water injection)24) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Wobbe index25) Образование: What Is, Writing Instructor26) Инвестиции: when issued27) Сахалин Р: Water Injection28) Макаров: wrought iron29) SAP.тех. элемент потока операций30) Нефть и газ: долевое участие в расходах на разработку и эксплуатацию месторождения, доля затрат компании от общих затрат, доля затрат компании от общих затрат по проекту [напр., на бурение, добычу], прямое долевое участие31) ООН: World Impact32) Общественная организация: Wiesenthal Institute, Wilderness Inquiry33) Должность: Well Informed34) AMEX. Westminster Capital, Inc. -
48 Wi
1) Компьютерная техника: Window Information2) Американизм: With Interest, Write In3) Военный термин: word intelligibility4) Техника: Ward identity, washing-in, weak interaction5) Математика: Weighted Interpolation6) Метеорология: Water Ice7) Юридический термин: With Intervention8) Биржевой термин: Working Investment, 'когда и если будет выпущен ' (обозначение сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён; when issued)9) География: Висконсин (штат США)10) Политика: Western Sahara11) Сокращение: Warning Installations, Wetzel International Inc. (USA), Wisconsin (US state), Wisconsin, Women's Institute, West Indies, Windward Islands, Wageningen International, Wallops Island (Virginia), Warfighter's Internet, Warm Ischemia, Warsaw Initiative, Water Index, Water Injection (oil industry), Water Intrusion, Waterloo Industries, Wave Injector, Waveform Interpolation, Weak Infeed, Weapon Initiator, Weapons Inspector, Web Intelligence, Weekly Indemnity (refers to short term disability insurance), Weld(ing) Inspector, What If?, When Issued (stocks), Williams International, Wine Institute, Wing Intelligence, Winrock International, Wipro Infotech, Wireless, Wirtschaftsinformatik (German), Within, Woodwork Institute (formerly Woodwork Institute of California), Work Input (simple machines), Work Instruction, Work Items, Write Image, Writing Intensive12) Университет: Withdrawn Incomplete13) Физика: Wavelet Image14) Физиология: Walk In15) Вычислительная техника: расширение файлов растровых изображений в формате WI, Welding Institute (UK)16) Нефть: drilling fluid weight, washing in, working interest, заглубление свай путём размыва (дна моря, washing-in), нагнетание воды (в пласт; water injection)17) Банковское дело: после выпуска (условие сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён; when issued)18) Пищевая промышленность: Wine And Indulgence19) Фирменный знак: Walden International, Wendel Investissement, Wendel Investment20) Энергетика: индекс Воббе, число Воббе (\<кВтч/м3\>)21) СМИ: Word Initial22) Деловая лексика: "когда и если будет выпущен" (обозначение сделки с ценными бумагами, выпуск которых разрешён, но не осуществлён, when issued), Wage Increase23) Бурение: заглубление свай путём размыва дна моря (washing in), нагнетание воды в пласт (water injection)24) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Wobbe index25) Образование: What Is, Writing Instructor26) Инвестиции: when issued27) Сахалин Р: Water Injection28) Макаров: wrought iron29) SAP.тех. элемент потока операций30) Нефть и газ: долевое участие в расходах на разработку и эксплуатацию месторождения, доля затрат компании от общих затрат, доля затрат компании от общих затрат по проекту [напр., на бурение, добычу], прямое долевое участие31) ООН: World Impact32) Общественная организация: Wiesenthal Institute, Wilderness Inquiry33) Должность: Well Informed34) AMEX. Westminster Capital, Inc.
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