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1 водная эрозия
водная эрозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water erosion
The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. (Source: ALL)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водная эрозия
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2 выветривание
выветривание
Процесс изменения и разрушения минералов и горных пород на поверхности Земли под воздействием физических, химических и органических агентов.
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
[ Словарь геологических терминов и понятий. Томский Государственный Университет]
выветривание
Процесс механического разрушения и химического изменения горных пород и минералов на земной поверхности и в самых верхних частях земной коры под воздействием:
- различных атмосферных агентов: атмосферных осадков, ветра, колебаний температуры воздуха, воздействия на породы атмосферного кислорода и др.;
- грунтовых и поверхностных вод;
- жизнедеятельности растительных и животных организмов и продуктов их разложения.
[РД 01.120.00-КТН-228-06]Тематики
- геология, геофизика
- магистральный нефтепроводный транспорт
Обобщающие термины
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > выветривание
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3 геология
геология
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
geology
The study or science of the earth, its history, and its life as recorded in the rocks; includes the study of geologic features of an area, such as the geometry of rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > геология
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4 уровень стояния грунтовых вод
уровень стояния грунтовых вод
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water table
Water that occupies pores, cavities, cracks and other spaces in the crustal rocks. It includes water precipitated from the atmosphere which has percolated through the soil, water that has risen from deep magmatic sources liberated during igneous activity and fossil water retained in sedimentary rocks since their formation. The presence of groundwater is necessary for virtually all weathering processes to operate. Phreatic water is synonymous with groundwater and is the most important source of any water supply. (Source: WHIT)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > уровень стояния грунтовых вод
См. также в других словарях:
Weathering — Weath er*ing, n. (Geol.) The action of the elements on a rock in altering its color, texture, or composition, or in rounding off its edges. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Weathering — Weathering. См. Эрозия. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) … Словарь металлургических терминов
weathering — [weth′əriŋ] n. 1. Archit. a slope built to shed water 2. Geol. the destructive physical and chemical effects of the forces of weather on rock surfaces, as in forming soil or sand … English World dictionary
Weathering — This article is about weathering of rocks and minerals. For weathering of polymers, see Polymer degradation and Weather testing of polymers. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soils and minerals as well as artificial materials through… … Wikipedia
weathering — /wedh euhr ing/, n. 1. Archit. wash (def. 48). 2. material used as a weather strip. 3. Geol. the various mechanical and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose. [1655 65; WEATHER + ING1] * * * Physical disintegration and chemical… … Universalium
Weathering — Weather Weath er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Weathered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Weathering}.] [1913 Webster] 1. To expose to the air; to air; to season by exposure to air. [1913 Webster] [An eagle] soaring through his wide empire of the air To weather his… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
weathering — breakdown of rock in situ by physical and chemical processes due to the presence of water, plants and animals. Rates vary according to additional controls of temperature, rock type and time. (see physical weathering and chemical weathering) … Geography glossary
weathering — dūlėjimas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Uolienų ir mineralų irimas bei naujų susidarymas Žemės paviršiuje. atitikmenys: angl. weathering rus. выветривание … Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
weathering — savaiminė degazacija statusas T sritis apsauga nuo naikinimo priemonių apibrėžtis Nuodingosios medžiagos savaime degazuoja veikiant tiktai gamtiniams veiksniams (vėjui, oro temperatūrai ir kt.). Pvz., užteršta zarinu kovos technika savaime… … Apsaugos nuo naikinimo priemonių enciklopedinis žodynas
weathering — dūlėjimas statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Uolienų ir mineralų irimas ir kitimas (fizinis, cheminis, organinis) jų slūgsojimo vietoje veikiant temperatūros svyravimams, atmosferai, vandeniui ir gyviesiems organizmams.… … Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
weathering — The change in appearance of paint caused by exposure to the elements. The physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of materials on exposure to atmospheric agents. Also see natural weathering … Dictionary of automotive terms