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    more [mɔ:(r)]
    plus de ⇒ 1 (a), 6 1 davantage de ⇒ 1 (a) plus ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b), 3 (a), 3 (b) davantage ⇒ 2 (a), 3 (b) encore ⇒ 2 (b) plutôt ⇒ 3 (c) de plus en plus ⇒ 4 plus que ⇒ 6 2
    (a) (compar of many, much) (larger quantity or number of) plus de, davantage de;
    ∎ there were more boys than girls il y avait plus de garçons que de filles;
    ∎ there's much or a lot or far more room in the other building il y a beaucoup plus de place dans l'autre bâtiment
    ∎ you should eat more fish tu devrais manger davantage de ou plus de poisson;
    ∎ I need more time j'ai besoin de plus de temps;
    ∎ three more people arrived trois autres personnes sont arrivées;
    ∎ there's only one more problem to solve il n'y a plus qu'un problème à résoudre;
    ∎ do you have any more questions? avez-vous d'autres questions?;
    ∎ do you have any more stamps? est-ce qu'il vous reste des timbres?;
    ∎ I have no more money je n'ai plus d'argent;
    ∎ is there any more butter? est-ce qu'il reste du beurre?;
    ∎ just wait a few more minutes patiente encore quelques instants;
    ∎ a little more sugar? encore un peu de sucre?;
    ∎ have some more wine reprends du vin;
    ∎ there are no more or there aren't any more green lampshades il n'y a plus d'abat-jour verts;
    ∎ no more talking maintenant, taisez-vous ou silence!;
    ∎ there'll be no more skiing this winter le ski est fini pour cet hiver;
    ∎ there have been several more incidents in the same area plusieurs autres incidents se sont produits dans le même quartier;
    ∎ bring me some more potatoes, please apporte-moi encore des pommes de terre, s'il te plaît;
    ∎ there's some more paper in that drawer il y a encore du papier dans ce tiroir;
    ∎ would you like some more soup? voulez-vous un peu plus de soupe?
    (a) (compar of many, much) (larger amount) plus, davantage; (greater number) plus;
    ∎ he earns more than I do or than me il gagne plus que moi;
    ∎ I wish I could do more for her j'aimerais pouvoir l'aider plus ou davantage;
    ∎ it'll take a lot more than that to persuade them il en faudra bien plus (que ça) ou bien davantage pour les convaincre;
    ∎ some opted for A, but many more chose B certains ont choisi A, mais ceux qui ont choisi B étaient bien plus nombreux;
    ∎ there are more of them than there are of us ils sont plus nombreux que nous;
    ∎ he's even more of a coward than I thought il est encore plus lâche que je ne pensais;
    ∎ it's more of a problem now than it used to be ça pose plus de problèmes maintenant qu'avant;
    ∎ she's more of a singer than a dancer c'est une chanteuse plus qu'une danseuse
    (b) (additional amount) plus, encore;
    ∎ there's more if you want it il y en a encore si tu veux;
    ∎ he asked for more il en redemanda;
    ∎ I couldn't eat any more, thanks je ne pourrais plus rien avaler, merci;
    ∎ she just can't take any more elle n'en peut vraiment plus;
    ∎ please can I have some more? (food) puis-je en reprendre, s'il vous plaît?;
    ∎ there are some more here that you haven't washed il en reste ici que tu n'as pas lavés;
    ∎ I could say more, but… je pouvais en dire plus mais…;
    ∎ something/nothing more quelque chose/rien de plus;
    ∎ I have something/nothing more to say j'ai encore quelque chose/je n'ai plus rien à dire;
    ∎ he's just a good friend, nothing more c'est un bon ami, rien de plus;
    ∎ what more can I say? que puis-je dire de plus?;
    ∎ what more do you want? que voulez-vous de plus?;
    ∎ familiar what more could you ask for! que demande le peuple!;
    ∎ but more of that later… mais nous reparlerons de ça plus tard…;
    ∎ I want no more of this defeatist talk je ne veux plus de ces discours défaitistes;
    ∎ that's more like it! voilà, c'est mieux!;
    ∎ no more no less ni plus ni moins;
    ∎ more of the same la même chose;
    ∎ the government simply promises more of the same le gouvernement se contente de refaire les mêmes promesses;
    ∎ there's plenty more where that came from si vous en revoulez, il n'y a qu'à demander;
    ∎ need I say more? si tu vois ce que je veux dire;
    ∎ familiar say no more! cela suffit!, n'en dis pas plus!
    ∎ any more for the ferry? qui d'autre prend le ferry?□ ;
    ∎ humorous any more for any more? (food) est-ce que quelqu'un veut du rab?
    ∎ more intelligent plus intelligent;
    ∎ more comfortably plus confortablement
    ∎ you should read more tu devrais lire plus ou davantage;
    ∎ it worries me more than it used to ça m'inquiète plus qu'avant;
    ∎ this more than makes up for it ça fait plus que compenser;
    ∎ I like wine more than beer je préfère le vin à la bière, j'aime mieux le vin que la bière;
    ∎ I would think more of her if she owned up j'aurais une plus haute opinion d'elle si elle avouait;
    ∎ he's intelligent but his sister is more so il est intelligent mais sa sœur l'est davantage;
    ∎ I'll give you £20, not a penny more je te donnerai 20 livres, pas un sou de plus
    (c) (rather) plutôt;
    ∎ she was more disappointed than angry elle était plus déçue que fâchée;
    ∎ do it more like this fais-le plutôt comme ceci;
    ∎ it's more a question of who foots the bill il s'agit plutôt de savoir qui paiera la facture
    ∎ once/twice more encore une/deux fois
    de plus en plus;
    ∎ more and more people are using it de plus en plus de gens l'utilisent
    de plus en plus;
    ∎ more and more interesting de plus en plus intéressant;
    ∎ I was growing more and more tired j'étais de plus en plus fatigué;
    ∎ I like him more and more each time I see him à chaque fois que je le vois je l'apprécie davantage
    (a) (roughly) plus ou moins;
    ∎ that's more or less what I expected c'est plus ou moins ce à quoi je m'attendais;
    ∎ is that correct? - well, more or less est-ce que c'est vrai? - plus ou moins, oui
    (b) (almost) presque;
    ∎ we've more or less finished nous avons presque terminé
    (with numbers, measurements etc) plus de;
    ∎ more than 500 people plus de 500 personnes;
    ∎ it costs much or a lot more than $50 ça coûte bien plus de 50 dollars;
    ∎ for little more than £500 pour à peine plus de 500 livres;
    ∎ I won't be more than two hours je n'en ai pas pour plus de deux heures, j'en ai pour deux heures au maximum
    plus que;
    ∎ I'd be more than happy to do it je serais ravi de le faire;
    ∎ you've been more than generous vous avez été plus que généreux;
    ∎ that's more than enough c'est plus qu'il n'en faut;
    ∎ this more than makes up for his previous mistakes voilà qui rachète largement ses anciennes erreurs
    vraiment;
    ∎ we were more than a little shocked nous étions vraiment choqués
    (a) (neither) non plus;
    ∎ he doesn't believe the rumours and no more do I il ne croit pas les rumeurs et moi non plus
    (b) (as little) pas plus;
    ∎ she's no more a spy than I am! elle n'est pas plus espionne que moi!;
    ∎ I would no more have suspected him than I would my own mother je ne l'aurais pas soupçonné davantage que ma propre mère;
    ∎ it's no more dangerous than crossing the street ce n'est pas plus dangereux que de traverser la rue;
    ∎ familiar they can no more act than fly in the air ils jouent comme des pieds
    ∎ no more will she grace our company plus jamais elle ne nous tiendra compagnie;
    ∎ the Empire is no more l'Empire n'est plus
    9 not…any more adverb
    ∎ we don't go there any more nous n'y allons plus;
    ∎ he still works here, doesn't he? - not any more (he doesn't) il travaille encore ici, n'est-ce pas? - non, plus maintenant
    formal d'autant plus;
    ∎ I was the more disappointed j'étais d'autant plus déçu;
    ∎ they went the more willingly on that account ils y sont allés d'autant plus volontiers;
    ∎ the more so because… d'autant plus que…
    11 the more…the more conjunction
    plus…plus;
    ∎ the more they have, the more they want plus ils en ont, plus ils en veulent;
    ∎ the more I see him, the more I like him plus je le vois, plus il me plaît
    qui plus est

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  • 2 Usage note : be

    The direct French equivalent of the verb to be in subject + to be + predicate sentences is être:
    I am tired
    = je suis fatigué
    Caroline is French
    = Caroline est française
    the children are in the garden
    = les enfants sont dans le jardin
    It functions in very much the same way as to be does in English and it is safe to assume it will work as a translation in the great majority of cases.
    Note, however, that when you are specifying a person’s profession or trade, a/an is not translated:
    she’s a doctor
    = elle est médecin
    Claudie is still a student
    = Claudie est toujours étudiante
    This is true of any noun used in apposition when the subject is a person:
    he’s a widower
    = il est veuf
    But
    Lyons is a beautiful city
    = Lyon est une belle ville
    For more information or expressions involving professions and trades consult the usage note Shops, Trades and Professions.
    For the conjugation of the verb être see the French verb tables.
    Grammatical functions
    The passive
    être is used to form the passive in French just as to be is used in English. Note, however, that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject:
    the rabbit was killed by a fox
    = le lapin a été tué par un renard
    the window had been broken
    = la fenêtre avait été cassée
    their books will be sold
    = leurs livres seront vendus
    our doors have been repainted red
    = nos portes ont été repeintes en rouge
    In spoken language, French native speakers find the passive cumbersome and will avoid it where possible by using the impersonal on where a person or people are clearly involved : on a repeint nos portes en rouge.
    Progressive tenses
    In French the idea of something happening over a period of time cannot be expressed using the verb être in the way that to be is used as an auxiliary verb in English.
    The present
    French uses simply the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    I am working
    = je travaille
    Ben is reading a book
    = Ben lit un livre
    The future
    French also uses the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    we are going to London tomorrow
    = nous allons à Londres demain
    I’m (just) coming!
    = j’arrive!
    I’m (just) going!
    = j’y vais!
    The past
    To express the distinction between she read a newspaper and she was reading a newspaper French uses the perfect and the imperfect tenses: elle a lu un journal/elle lisait un journal:
    he wrote to his mother
    = il a écrit à sa mère
    he was writing to his mother
    = il écrivait à sa mère
    However, in order to accentuate the notion of describing an activity which went on over a period of time, the phrase être en train de (= to be in the process of) is often used:
    ‘what was he doing when you arrived?’
    ‘he was cooking the dinner’
    = ‘qu’est-ce qu’il faisait quand tu es arrivé?’ ‘il était en train de préparer le dîner’
    she was just finishing her essay when …
    = elle était juste en train de finir sa dissertation quand …
    The compound past
    Compound past tenses in the progressive form in English are generally translated by the imperfect in French:
    I’ve been looking for you
    = je te cherchais
    For progressive forms + for and since (I’ve been waiting for an hour, I had been waiting for an hour, I’ve been waiting since Monday etc.) see the entries for and since.
    Obligation
    When to be is used as an auxiliary verb with another verb in the infinitive ( to be to do) expressing obligation, a fixed arrangement or destiny, devoir is used:
    she’s to do it at once
    = elle doit le faire tout de suite
    what am I to do?
    = qu’est-ce que je dois faire?
    he was to arrive last Monday
    = il devait arriver lundi dernier
    she was never to see him again
    = elle ne devait plus le revoir.
    In tag questions
    French has no direct equivalent of tag questions like isn’t he? or wasn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:
    their house is lovely, isn’t it?
    = leur maison est très belle, n’est-ce pas?
    he’s a doctor, isn’t he?
    = il est médecin, n’est-ce pas?
    it was a very good meal, wasn’t it?
    = c’était un très bon repas, n’est-ce pas?
    However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the extra meaning contained in the tag: par hasard ( by any chance) can be very useful as a translation:
    ‘I can’t find my glasses’ ‘they’re not in the kitchen, are they?’
    = ‘je ne trouve pas mes lunettes’ ‘elles ne sont pas dans la cuisine, par hasard?’
    you haven’t seen Gaby, have you?
    = tu n’as pas vu Gaby, par hasard?
    In cases where an opinion is being sought, si? meaning more or less or is it? or was it? etc. can be useful:
    it’s not broken, is it?
    = ce n’est pas cassé, si?
    he wasn’t serious, was he?
    = il n’était pas sérieux, si?
    In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.
    In short answers
    Again, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like yes I am, no he’s not etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:
    ‘you’re not going out tonight’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘tu ne sors pas ce soir’ ‘si’
    In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:
    ‘are you a doctor?’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘êtes-vous médecin?’ ‘oui’
    ‘was it raining?’ ‘yes it was’
    = ‘est-ce qu’il pleuvait?’ ‘oui’
    Probability
    For expressions of probability and supposition ( if I were you etc.) see the entry be.
    Other functions
    Expressing sensations and feelings
    In expressing physical and mental sensations, the verb used in French is avoir:
    to be cold
    = avoir froid
    to be hot
    = avoir chaud
    I’m cold
    = j’ai froid
    to be thirsty
    = avoir soif
    to be hungry
    = avoir faim
    to be ashamed
    = avoir honte
    my hands are cold
    = j’ai froid aux mains
    If, however, you are in doubt as to which verb to use in such expressions, you should consult the entry for the appropriate adjective.
    Discussing health and how people are
    In expressions of health and polite enquiries about how people are, aller is used:
    how are you?
    = comment allez-vous?
    ( more informally) comment vas-tu?
    are you well?
    = vous allez bien?
    how is your daughter?
    = comment va votre fille?
    my father is better today
    = mon père va mieux aujourd’hui
    Discussing weather and temperature
    In expressions of weather and temperature faire is generally used:
    it’s cold
    = il fait froid
    it’s windy
    = il fait du vent
    If in doubt, consult the appropriate adjective entry.
    Visiting somewhere
    When to be is used in the present perfect tense to mean go, visit etc., French will generally use the verbs venir, aller etc. rather than être:
    I’ve never been to Sweden
    = je ne suis jamais allé en Suède
    have you been to the Louvre?
    = est-ce que tu es déjà allé au Louvre?
    or est-ce que tu as déjà visité le Louvre?
    Paul has been to see us three times
    = Paul est venu nous voir trois fois
    Note too:
    has the postman been?
    = est-ce que le facteur est passé?
    For here is, here are, there is, there are see the entries here and there.
    The translation for an expression or idiom containing the verb to be will be found in the dictionary at the entry for another word in the expression: for to be in danger see danger, for it would be best to … see best etc.
    This dictionary contains usage notes on topics such as the clock, time units, age, weight measurement, days of the week, and shops, trades and professions, many of which include translations of particular uses of to be.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : be

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