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  • 1 Ádmonet ét magná testátur vóce per úmbras

    Увещевает и громким голосом взывает средь теней.
    Вергилий, "Энеида", VI, 616-620:
    Sáx(um) ingéns volvúnt alií, radiísque rotárum
    Dístrictí pendént, sedet áeternúmque sedébit
    Ínfelíx Theséus, Phlegyásque misérrimus ómnis
    Ádmonet ét magná testátur vóce per úmbras:
    Díscite jústitiám monit(i) ét non témnere dívos.
    Катят камни одни, у других распятое тело
    К спицам прибито колес. На скале Тесей горемычный
    Вечно будет сидеть. Повторяя одно беспрестанно,
    Громко взывая к теням, возглашает Флегий злосчастный:
    "Не презирайте богов и учитесь блюсти справедливость".
    (Перевод С. Ошерова)
    Со всех концов мыслящего мира люди устремляли свои взоры на эту вершину, где сиял человеческий разум. И когда внезапная ночь обволакивала все кругом, оттуда доносился могучий голос, который ободрял их во тьме. Admonet et magna testatur voce per umbras, (Виктор Гюго, Наполеон Малый.)
    Записная книжка Шарпантье содержала одну-единственную строку - стих, который он вписал туда в темноте, у подножия баррикады, слушая как говорил Дени Дюссу: "Admonet et magna testatur voce per umbras". (Он же, История одного преступления.)

    Латинско-русский словарь крылатых слов и выражений > Ádmonet ét magná testátur vóce per úmbras

  • 2 Viva voce

    "Живым голосом", т. е. в устном разговоре.
    ср. Viva vox
    Я буду очень рад видеть вас в моей ричмондской пустыне и продолжать viva voce наши споры, если будет у вас такое желание. (А. И. Герцен - Т. Карлейлю, 14.IV 1855.)
    Поскорей приезжай, ибо скоро кто-нибудь настоящий приедет и гораздо лучше знать от тебя, что и как, и все устроить viva voce. (H. П. Огарев - А. И. Герцену и Феликсу, 11. VI 1863.)
    Даже двухчасовая длина лекции не вызывала видимой скуки, и чтение дослушивалось внимательно до конца. При этом непременно соблюдалось одно условие речи - говорить viva voce, а отнюдь не читать. (И. И. Янжул, Воспоминания о пережитом и виденном в 1864-1909 гг..)

    Латинско-русский словарь крылатых слов и выражений > Viva voce

  • 3 Sotto voce

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Sotto voce

  • 4 Sub voce

    • (sv)

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Sub voce

  • 5 Una voce

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Una voce

  • 6 Viva voce

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Viva voce

  • 7 sub voce

       Loc. lat. (pron. corriente [sub-bóse, sub-bóze]) que significa literalmente 'bajo la voz, bajo la palabra'. Se utiliza antepuesta a la palabra que aparece como lema o entrada de un diccionario o enciclopedia y bajo la cual se encuentra determinada información. Normalmente se emplea en su forma abreviada s. v. o s/v: " El objeto sacro se aclara a la luz del Diccionario de autoridades, [...] s. v. hyssopo" (Asensio Itinerario [Esp. 1965-71]). [RAE: Diccionario panhispánico de dudas. Madrid: Santillana, 2005, p. 617]

    Locuciones latinas > sub voce

  • 8 vox

    vōx, vōcis, f. (altind. vak, Stimme, Sprache; vgl. voco), die Stimme, sowohl des Sprechenden u. Rufenden usw. als des Singenden, I) eig.: a) übh.: via vocis, Lucr.: v. humana, Liv. fr.: v. bona, Plaut. u. Quint.: vox acuta gravis, cita tarda, magna (starke) parva (schwache), Cic.: vox et dulcis et solida, Sen. rhet.: v. summa, ima, Hor. u. Quint.: v. valentissima, Sen. rhet.: v. inflexa (hohe), Cic.: inflexā ad miserabilem sonum voce, Cic.: v. sedata et depressa, Cornif. rhet.: v. tremebunda, Cornif. rhet.: v. horrenda, Liv.: vocis contentio et remissio, Cic.: voce contendere, laut reden, Cels.: exsurge, praeco, exerce vocem (strenge die St. an), Plaut.: vocem attenuare, durch die Fistel sprechen (um sich eine weibliche Stimme zu geben), Cic.: vocem attollere vel summittere, Quint.: interdum et vocem comoedia tollit, hebt höher, Hor.: ego vocem dabo tenuem et tinnulam, Pompon. com. fr.: atque utinam ipse asinus vocem quiret humanam dare! Apul. – v. der Stimme des Rufenden usw., Valerium magnā voce inclamat, Liv.: voce (durch die St., durch Rufen, Zuruf) potius quam verberibus terreat (boves), Colum.: magnā compellans voce cuculum, laut »Kuckuck« zurufend, Hor.: enimvero voce est opus (ich muß rufen): Nausistrata exi, Ter.: nulla v. quiritantium exaudiri poterat, kein Hilferuf, Liv. – von der Stimme des Singenden, canere inclinatā ululantique voce, Cic. – v. der Stimme der Tiere, v. boum, Verg.: cycni, Mela: voces animalium truces ac liquidae, Apul.: cornix pluvium vocat improbā voce, Verg.: elephantos porcina vox terret, das Grunzen des Schweines, Sen. – von der Stimme personif. lebl. Ggstde., rerum vox est naturae vestigium, veritatis nota, Cic. pro Scauro 16. – b) die gehörte Stimme = die Aussprache, rustica vox et agrestis quosdam delectat, Cic. de or. 3, 42. – II) meton.: A) der durch die Stimme od. durch ein musikalisches Instrument hervorgebrachte Laut, Ton, iracundiae vox aut doloris, Cic.: parum explanatis vocibus sermo praeruptus, abgebrochene Worte in unausgebildeten Tönen, Sen.: vocem mittere, emittere, s. mittou. emitto (vgl. Drak. Liv. 3, 50, 4 u. 5, 51, 7. Gronov Iustin. 42, 4, 12). – soni et voces, Cic.: numeri et voces et modi, Cic.: Sirenum voces, Gesang, Hor. – auribus multa percipimus, quae, etsi nos vocibus delectant, tamen etc., Cic.: vocum gravitate et cantibus pelli vehementius, Cic.: verba, quibus voces sensusque notarent, die Töne artikulierten, Hor.: illudere voces (Töne), quotiens caneret, Tac.: septem discrimina vocum, poet. = die siebenstimmige Lyra, Verg.: bucina litora voce replet, Ov. Vgl. Obbarius Hor. ep. 1, 1, 34. – poet. v. jedem Getön, der Hall, Schall, audimus fraetas ad litora voces (pelagi), Verg.: ad sonitus vocis (der Ruderschläge) vestigia torsit, Verg. – B) das durch die Stimme lautende Wort, die Äußerung, Rede, a) übh.: vox viva, Cic.: vox publica, der Ausdruck der öffentlichen Meinung, Vell.: vox ficta, Lüge, Ov.: unā voce, einstimmig, Liv.: dico Epicurum non intellegere, quid sonet haec v., id est, quae res huic voci subiciatur, Cic.: haec te vox non perculit? Cic.: nulla tamen vox est ab iis audita populi Romani maiestate indigna, Caes.: vox ex centurione audita, Liv. epit.: alia v. violenta non audita, Liv.: voces per vinum emissae, Quint.: voces contumeliosae, Caes.: ex percunctatione nostrorum vocibusque Gallorum ac mercatorum etc., Caes.: carpi nostrorum militum vocibus, Caes.: nescit vox missa reverti, Hor.: tales dederat Saturnia voces, Verg.: quas hic voces apud Sophoclem in Trachiniis edit! Cic.: memorabilem illam meritoque laudatam vocem edidit: Amici, diem perdidi, Suet. – b) der Ausspruch, bes. die Formel, der Sinnspruch, Plin. ep. 4, 17, 9. Caes. b.c. 1, 7, 5. Cic. de amic. 59: extremi ac difficillimi temporis vocem illam consulem mittere coëgistis, Cic. pro Cornel. or. 1. fr. 22. p. 14 Kays. – c) das Gebot = der Befehl, consulum voci atque imperio non oboedire, Cic. Rab. perd. 23: cuius voci continuo Fabius obsecutus, Val. Max. 2, 2, 4. – d) der Spruch, die Formel, bes. der Zauberspruch, die Zauberformel, voces sacrae, Hor.: voces Marsae, Hor.: sidera excantata voce Thessalā, Formel, Spruch, Hor.: deripere lunam vocibus, Hor. – C) = sermo, die Rede, Sprache, cultus hominum recentum voce formasti catus (Mercurius), Hor.: Graiā scierit sive Latinā voce loqui, Ov.: cum civem ex voce cognovisset, Iustin.: quo scilicet Latinae vocis honos per omnes gentes venerabilior diffunderetur, Val. Max. – D) der Wortakzent, Ton, die Betonung, in omni verbo posuit acutam vocem, Cic. or. 58. – / vulg. box, Plur. boces, Corp. inscr. Lat. 9, 10.

    lateinisch-deutsches > vox

  • 9 vox

    vōx, vōcis, f. (altind. vak, Stimme, Sprache; vgl. voco), die Stimme, sowohl des Sprechenden u. Rufenden usw. als des Singenden, I) eig.: a) übh.: via vocis, Lucr.: v. humana, Liv. fr.: v. bona, Plaut. u. Quint.: vox acuta gravis, cita tarda, magna (starke) parva (schwache), Cic.: vox et dulcis et solida, Sen. rhet.: v. summa, ima, Hor. u. Quint.: v. valentissima, Sen. rhet.: v. inflexa (hohe), Cic.: inflexā ad miserabilem sonum voce, Cic.: v. sedata et depressa, Cornif. rhet.: v. tremebunda, Cornif. rhet.: v. horrenda, Liv.: vocis contentio et remissio, Cic.: voce contendere, laut reden, Cels.: exsurge, praeco, exerce vocem (strenge die St. an), Plaut.: vocem attenuare, durch die Fistel sprechen (um sich eine weibliche Stimme zu geben), Cic.: vocem attollere vel summittere, Quint.: interdum et vocem comoedia tollit, hebt höher, Hor.: ego vocem dabo tenuem et tinnulam, Pompon. com. fr.: atque utinam ipse asinus vocem quiret humanam dare! Apul. – v. der Stimme des Rufenden usw., Valerium magnā voce inclamat, Liv.: voce (durch die St., durch Rufen, Zuruf) potius quam verberibus terreat (boves), Colum.: magnā compellans voce cuculum, laut »Kuckuck« zurufend, Hor.: enimvero voce est opus (ich muß rufen): Nausistrata exi, Ter.: nulla v. quiritantium exaudiri poterat, kein Hilferuf, Liv. – von der Stimme des Singenden, cane-
    ————
    re inclinatā ululantique voce, Cic. – v. der Stimme der Tiere, v. boum, Verg.: cycni, Mela: voces animalium truces ac liquidae, Apul.: cornix pluvium vocat improbā voce, Verg.: elephantos porcina vox terret, das Grunzen des Schweines, Sen. – von der Stimme personif. lebl. Ggstde., rerum vox est naturae vestigium, veritatis nota, Cic. pro Scauro 16. – b) die gehörte Stimme = die Aussprache, rustica vox et agrestis quosdam delectat, Cic. de or. 3, 42. – II) meton.: A) der durch die Stimme od. durch ein musikalisches Instrument hervorgebrachte Laut, Ton, iracundiae vox aut doloris, Cic.: parum explanatis vocibus sermo praeruptus, abgebrochene Worte in unausgebildeten Tönen, Sen.: vocem mittere, emittere, s. mitto u. emitto (vgl. Drak. Liv. 3, 50, 4 u. 5, 51, 7. Gronov Iustin. 42, 4, 12). – soni et voces, Cic.: numeri et voces et modi, Cic.: Sirenum voces, Gesang, Hor. – auribus multa percipimus, quae, etsi nos vocibus delectant, tamen etc., Cic.: vocum gravitate et cantibus pelli vehementius, Cic.: verba, quibus voces sensusque notarent, die Töne artikulierten, Hor.: illudere voces (Töne), quotiens caneret, Tac.: septem discrimina vocum, poet. = die siebenstimmige Lyra, Verg.: bucina litora voce replet, Ov. Vgl. Obbarius Hor. ep. 1, 1, 34. – poet. v. jedem Getön, der Hall, Schall, audimus fraetas ad litora voces (pelagi), Verg.: ad sonitus vocis (der Ruderschläge) vestigia
    ————
    torsit, Verg. – B) das durch die Stimme lautende Wort, die Äußerung, Rede, a) übh.: vox viva, Cic.: vox publica, der Ausdruck der öffentlichen Meinung, Vell.: vox ficta, Lüge, Ov.: unā voce, einstimmig, Liv.: dico Epicurum non intellegere, quid sonet haec v., id est, quae res huic voci subiciatur, Cic.: haec te vox non perculit? Cic.: nulla tamen vox est ab iis audita populi Romani maiestate indigna, Caes.: vox ex centurione audita, Liv. epit.: alia v. violenta non audita, Liv.: voces per vinum emissae, Quint.: voces contumeliosae, Caes.: ex percunctatione nostrorum vocibusque Gallorum ac mercatorum etc., Caes.: carpi nostrorum militum vocibus, Caes.: nescit vox missa reverti, Hor.: tales dederat Saturnia voces, Verg.: quas hic voces apud Sophoclem in Trachiniis edit! Cic.: memorabilem illam meritoque laudatam vocem edidit: Amici, diem perdidi, Suet. – b) der Ausspruch, bes. die Formel, der Sinnspruch, Plin. ep. 4, 17, 9. Caes. b.c. 1, 7, 5. Cic. de amic. 59: extremi ac difficillimi temporis vocem illam consulem mittere coëgistis, Cic. pro Cornel. or. 1. fr. 22. p. 14 Kays. – c) das Gebot = der Befehl, consulum voci atque imperio non oboedire, Cic. Rab. perd. 23: cuius voci continuo Fabius obsecutus, Val. Max. 2, 2, 4. – d) der Spruch, die Formel, bes. der Zauberspruch, die Zauberformel, voces sacrae, Hor.: voces Marsae, Hor.: sidera excantata voce Thessalā, Formel, Spruch, Hor.: deri-
    ————
    pere lunam vocibus, Hor. – C) = sermo, die Rede, Sprache, cultus hominum recentum voce formasti catus (Mercurius), Hor.: Graiā scierit sive Latinā voce loqui, Ov.: cum civem ex voce cognovisset, Iustin.: quo scilicet Latinae vocis honos per omnes gentes venerabilior diffunderetur, Val. Max. – D) der Wortakzent, Ton, die Betonung, in omni verbo posuit acutam vocem, Cic. or. 58. – ⇒ vulg. box, Plur. boces, Corp. inscr. Lat. 9, 10.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > vox

  • 10 vox

    vox, vōcis, f. [voco], a voice, sound, tone, cry, call.
    I.
    Lit.:

    omnes voces hominis, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216:

    exsurge praeco... Exerce vocem,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 13:

    set comprimunda vox mihi atque oratio'st,

    i. e. I must hold my peace, id. Ps. 1, 4, 16:

    humana,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 22:

    ulceribus vocis via saepta coïbat,

    Lucr. 6, 1148; cf.:

    quarum (faucium) vitio et frangitur et obscuratur et exasperatur et scinditur vox,

    Quint. 11, 3, 20:

    mira est quaedam natura vocis,

    Cic. Or. 17, 57:

    cum (eloquentia) constet e voce atque motu,

    id. ib. 17, 55:

    vox inflexa ad miserabilem sonum,

    id. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

    inclinata ululantique voce canere,

    id. ib. 8, 27:

    legem Voconiam magnā voce et bonis lateribus suasi,

    id. Sen. 5, 14; so,

    magnā,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 31: 1, 9, 76: summa id. ib. 1, 3, 8: sedata et depressa. Auct. Her. S, 12, 21:

    tremebunda,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 25:

    theatrum ita resonans, ut usque Romam significationes vocesque referantur,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:

    vocem late nemora alta remittunt,

    echo, Verg. A. 12, 929:

    ut nostrorum militum vocibus nonnihil carperetur,

    cries, shouts, Caes. B. G. 3, 17; cf.:

    enimvero voce'st opus: Nausistrata, exi,

    I must exert my voice, must call out, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 92.— Of inanimate things ( poet.):

    ad sonitum vocis (i. e. remorum) vestigia torsit,

    Verg. A. 3, 669:

    fractae voces (maris),

    id. ib. 3, 556; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 519; Lucr. 4, 524 sqq.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    That which is uttered by the voice, i. e. a word, saying, speech, sentence, proverb, maxim (syn.: vocabulum, verbum); sing.:

    dico, Epicurum non intellegere, quid sonet haec vox voluptatis, id est, quae res huic voci subiciatur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

    illa Platonis vera et tibi certe non inaudita vox,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 21:

    hanc sententiam significare videtur Laconis illa vox,

    id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111; so, noêma, quā voce omnis intellectus accipi potest, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

    is verbi sensus, vis ea vocis erat,

    Ov. F. 5, 484:

    vocem pro aliquo mittere,

    Cic. Sest. 19, 42; id. Fl. 3, 6:

    vocem exprimere,

    id. Att. 2, 21, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 32; cf.:

    vox populi Romani majestate indigna,

    id. ib. 7, 17, 3:

    quod est positum in voce simplice,

    Quint. 1, 9, 4:

    nescit vox missa reverti,

    Hor. A. P. 390:

    constitue, nihil esse opis in hac voce: civis Romanus sum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 65, § 168; id. Lael. 15, 59; Caes. B. C. 1, 7; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 9:

    ego cum Graecos facerem... Versiculos, vetuit tali me voce Quirinus: In silvam non ligna feras, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 32:

    siderā excantata voce Thessalā,

    incantation, id. Epod. 5, 45:

    consulum voci atque imperio non oboedire,

    command, Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 23; Val. Max. 2, 2, 4:

    unā voce,

    unanimously, Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 46.— Plur.:

    cum illius nefarii gladiatoris voces percrebuissent,

    Cic. Mur. 25, 50:

    non igitur ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt,

    sayings, id. Tusc. 5, 10, 31:

    ex percunctatione nostrorum vocibusque Gallorum ac mercatorum, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

    voces per vinum, somnum. etc.... emissae,

    Quint. 5, 7, 36:

    victus Veneris Vocibus,

    Hor. C. 4, 6, 22:

    contumeliosae,

    abusive expressions, abuse, Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis,

    sayings, maxims, doctrines, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 34; cf.:

    populum falsis Dedocet uti Vocibus,

    id. C. 2, 2, 21:

    deripere lunam vocibus,

    with charms, incantations, id. Epod. 17, 78; so,

    sacrae,

    id. ib. 17, 6:

    Marsae,

    id. ib. 5, 76.—
    B.
    Speech, language, in gen., = sermo ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    cultus hominum recentum Voce formasti catus (Mercurius),

    Hor. C. 1, 10, 3:

    Graiā scierit sive Latinā Voce loqui,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 40:

    cum civem ex voce cognovisset,

    Just. 11, 15.—
    C.
    Accent, tone:

    ipsa natura... in omni verbo posuit acutam vocem,

    Cic. Or. 18, 58; cf.:

    rustica vox et agrestis quosdam delectat,

    pronunciation, accent, id. de Or. 3, 11, 42.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vox

  • 11 vox

    vox, vōcis, f. [st2]1 [-] voix, son (de la voix). [st2]2 [-] modulation de la voix, chant, ton, note. [st2]3 [-] bruit, retentissement; son (des instruments). [st2]4 [-] parole, mot, suite de paroles, langage, discours. [st2]5 [-] sentence, maxime. [st2]6 [-] langue, idiome. [st2]7 [-] accent tonique.    - vox fusca, Cic.: voix sourde.    - voce plenus orator, Cic.: orateur doué d'un bel organe.    - vocem intendere (attollere): élever la voix, élever le ton.    - voces militum, Liv.: cris des soldats.    - vox boum, Virg.: mugissement des boeufs.    - vox cornicis, Virg.: cri de la corneille.    - numeri, voces et modi, Cic.: les nombres, les modulations et les mesures.    - voces sirenum, Hor.: le chant des sirènes.    - vocem mittere: lâcher une parole ou prendre la parole, parler.    - quid sonet haec vox? Cic.: quel est le sens de ce mot?    - ex vocibus Gallorum, Caes.: d'après les propos des Gaulois.    - vox omnis, Mart.: la voix publique.    - haec vox est Demetrii, Sen.: voici une parole de Démétrius.    - civem ex voce cognoscere, Just. 11, 15: reconnaître un concitoyen à sa langue.    - vox latina, Ov.: la langue latine.    - polo deripere lunam vocibus, Hor. Epod. 17, 78: arracher la lune de la voûte du ciel par des incantations.
    * * *
    vox, vōcis, f. [st2]1 [-] voix, son (de la voix). [st2]2 [-] modulation de la voix, chant, ton, note. [st2]3 [-] bruit, retentissement; son (des instruments). [st2]4 [-] parole, mot, suite de paroles, langage, discours. [st2]5 [-] sentence, maxime. [st2]6 [-] langue, idiome. [st2]7 [-] accent tonique.    - vox fusca, Cic.: voix sourde.    - voce plenus orator, Cic.: orateur doué d'un bel organe.    - vocem intendere (attollere): élever la voix, élever le ton.    - voces militum, Liv.: cris des soldats.    - vox boum, Virg.: mugissement des boeufs.    - vox cornicis, Virg.: cri de la corneille.    - numeri, voces et modi, Cic.: les nombres, les modulations et les mesures.    - voces sirenum, Hor.: le chant des sirènes.    - vocem mittere: lâcher une parole ou prendre la parole, parler.    - quid sonet haec vox? Cic.: quel est le sens de ce mot?    - ex vocibus Gallorum, Caes.: d'après les propos des Gaulois.    - vox omnis, Mart.: la voix publique.    - haec vox est Demetrii, Sen.: voici une parole de Démétrius.    - civem ex voce cognoscere, Just. 11, 15: reconnaître un concitoyen à sa langue.    - vox latina, Ov.: la langue latine.    - polo deripere lunam vocibus, Hor. Epod. 17, 78: arracher la lune de la voûte du ciel par des incantations.
    * * *
        Vox, vocis. Cic. Voix.
    \
        Bona vocis. Quintil. Les perfections et bonnes qualitez.
    \
        Contentio vocis, et Remissio, contraria. Cic. Voix haultaine et eslevee.
    \
        Inoffensa copulatio vocum. Quintil. Des mots.
    \
        Intentio vocis. Quintil. Haulsement et elevation de voix, Efforcement.
    \
        Iter vocis. Ouid. Le gosier, ou sifflet.
    \
        Remissio vocis. Quintil. Abbaissement de voix.
    \
        Simulans vocum ales. Ouid. Oiseau contrefaisant la parolle de l'homme comme fait un perroquet.
    \
        Haec vox, Ciuis, etc. Cic. Ce mot, Ceste voix.
    \
        Animosa vox. Seneca. Parolle magnanime.
    \
        Infragilis vox. Ouid. Ferme, et qui ne se rompt et enroue point aiseement.
    \
        Liquidae voces auium. Lucret. Cleres et nettes.
    \
        Mollis. Cic. Effeminee.
    \
        Simplices voces. Quintil. Mots qui ne sont point composez de deux ou plusieurs mots.
    \
        Atque haec vna vox omnium est. Cic. Tout le monde est d'accord de cela, Tout le monde en dit autant.
    \
        Vna voce. Cic. Tout d'un accord.
    \
        Votiuae voces. Tibull. Veux.
    \
        Attollere et Submittere vocem, sunt opposita. Quintil. Eslever, et Baisser.
    \
        Audire et reddere voces notas. Virgil. Deviser familierement avec aucun.
    \
        Claudere vocem alicuius. Liu. Le faire taire.
    \
        Compositae voces. Quintil. Mots composez de deux ou plusieurs.
    \
        Condere vocem alicuius memori aure. Ouid. Mettre les parolles d'aucun en sa memoire, et non pas en oreille de veau.
    \
        Deuorat vocem dolor. Ouid. Quand on sent tant de douleur, qu'on ne peult parler.
    \
        Distinguere vocem lingua. Sil. Parler distinctement.
    \
        Vox elicit vocem. Ouid. La demande provoque la response.
    \
        Elisa vox, in illum sonum erumpit, Cui Graeci klôsmon nomen ab immaturo gallorum cantu dederunt. Quintil. Fait faire le Coquelicoq.
    \
        Elisa voce canere, vel loqui. Parler en faulset. Bud.
    \
        Eluctata furorem vox. Stat. Quand de grand courroux et fureur on ne peult au commencement parler, mais puis apres (la fureur un peu s'appaisant) on s'escreve à parler.
    \
        Eripere vocem ab ore loquentis. Virgil. Interrompre le propos, et prendre la parolle.
    \
        Excitare vocem. Cic. Eslever sa voix peu à peu.
    \
        Exprimere voces. Lucret. Exprimer.
    \
        Legitima voce fraudare literam. Ouid. Ne luy point bailler sa prolation entiere, Prononcer à demi et mignardement.
    \
        Voces inanes fundere. Cic. Parler comme l'oyseau en cage, Ne faire que caqueter et causer.
    \
        Habere voces. Cic. Faire bruit.
    \
        Habere contemptam supplicis vocem. Catul. Ne tenir compte de la requeste et supplication qu'on nous fait.
    \
        Haesit vox faucibus. Virgil. La parolle m'est faillie.
    \
        Iacere vocem. Tacit. Parler à la volee.
    \
        Inducere voces dolentum. Tacitus. Contrefaire les marriz et ennuyez.
    \
        Inflexa vox ad miserabilem sonum. Cic. Baissee.
    \
        Iungere vocem fidibus. Quintil. Chanter et accorder avec l'instrument de musique.
    \
        Locare vocem. Iuuenal. Comme font les crieurs qui gaignent argent.
    \
        Mittere vocem. Lucret. Parler.
    \
        Mittere vocem contra aliquem. Cic. Parler contre luy.
    \
        Vox de quaestura nulla missa est. Cic. On n'a nullement parlé de, etc.
    \
        Mittere vocem pro se, aut pro aliquo. Cic. Parler pour soy, ou pour autruy.
    \
        Mittere liberam vocem. Liu. Parler librement.
    \
        Superbas voces mittere. Lucret. Parler fierement et superbement.
    \
        Blandis vocibus morari aliquem. Virgil. L'arrester par doulces parolles.
    \
        Premere vocem. Virgil. Se taire.
    \
        Natura ita resonans theatrum, vt vsque Romam significationes, vocesque referantur. Cic. Les voix retentissent jusques à Rome. \ Voce referre. Virgil. Respondre.
    \
        Roboratur vox a tredecim annis. Plin. La voix de l'homme s'enforcit depuis l'aage de treze ans.
    \
        Rumpere vocem. Virgil. Parler, Se mettre à parler.
    \
        Vox erat in cursu. Ouid. Elle continuoit son propos, Sa langue estoit en train.
    \
        Tollere vocem. Horat. Eslever.
    \
        Volutant vocem per atria. Virgil. Ils jectent de grands cris en signe de joye: comme quand on crie Le roy boit.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > vox

  • 12 vōx

        vōx vōcis, f    [VOC-], a voice, sound, tone, utterance, cry, call: omnes voces hominis: cum (eloquentia) constet e voce atque motu: magna: summā, H.: vocem late nemora alta remittunt, echo, V.: ut nostrorum militum vocibus non nihil carperetur, shouts, Cs.: unā voce populi R. efferri, by the unanimous voice: ad sonitum vocis vestigia torsit, i. e. at the sound of the oars, V.—An utterance, word, saying, speech, sentence, proverb, maxim: non intellegere, quid sonet haec vox voluptatis: illa Platonis vera vox: flens diu vocem non misit, L.: cum quaereret neque ullam vocem exprimere posset, extort an answer, Cs.: nescit vox missa reverti, H.: vetuit me tali voce Quirinus, etc., in these words, H.: sidera excantata voce Thessalā, incantation, H.: consulum voci atque imperio non oboedire, command: tuis victus Venerisque gratae Vocibus, H.: contumeliosae, abuse, Cs.: Sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis, maxims, H.: Deripere lunam vocibus, by incantations, H.—Speech, language: cultūs hominum recentum Voce formasti catus (Mercurius), H.: Graecā scierit sive Latinā Voce loqui, O.—Pronunciation, accent, tone: rustica: acuta.
    * * *
    voice, tone, expression

    Latin-English dictionary > vōx

  • 13 clarus

    [st1]1 [-] clārus, a, um: a - clair, brillant, éclatant.    - in clarissima luce, Cic. Off. 2, 44: au milieu de la plus éclatante lumière.    - clarissimae gemmae, Cic. Verr. 4, 62: pierres précieuses du plus vif éclat.    - poét. clarus Aquilo, Virg. G. 1, 460: le clair Aquilon = qui rend le ciel clair.    - avec abl. (dant) claram auro gemmisque coronam, Ov. M. 13, 704: (ils offrent) une couronne que l’or et les pierreries font étinceler.    - clara voce, Cic. Clu. 134: d’une voix éclatante, sonore.    - clariore voce, Caes. BG. 5, 30, 1: d’une voix plus éclatante.    - clara, obtusa vox, Quint. 11, 3, 15: voix claire, sourde. --- [clara, suavis, Cic. Off. 1, 133: voix claire, agréable]. b - clair, net, intelligible, manifeste.    - luce sunt clariora nobis tua consilia, Cic. Cat. 1, 6: tes projets sont pour nous plus clairs que le jour.    - res erat clara, Cic. Verr. 5, 101: le fait était patent.    - non parum res erat clara, Cic. Verr. 4, 29: la chose était assez connue. --- cf. 4, 27 ; 4, 41, etc.    - clarum est avec prop. inf. Plin. 7, 61: c’est un fait connu que, on sait que.    - (T. Livius) in narrando clarissimi candoris, Quint. 10, 1, 101: (Tite Live) dont les récits ont une limpidité si transparente. c - brillant, en vue, considéré, distingué, illustre.    - en parl. des pers. clari et honorati viri, Cic. CM 22: hommes en vue et revêtus des charges publiques.    - ex doctrina nobilis et clarus, Cic. Rab. Post. 23: que sa science a fait connaître et illustré.    - gloria clariores, Cic. de Or. 2, 154: auxquels la gloire a donné plus de lustre.    - clarissimus artis ejus, Plin. 37, 8: le plus brillant de (dans) cet art.    - clarissimus: clarissime [cf. excellence, altesse, etc.] [titre donné à l’époque impériale aux gens de qualité].    - populus luxuriā superbiāque clarus, Liv. 7, 31, 6: peuple connu pour son faste et sa fierté. --- péjor. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27; 2, 1, 19, § 50; 2, 4, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 7, § 16.    - en parl. des choses dies clarissimus, Cic. Lael. 12: la journée la plus brillante.    - oppidum clarum, Cic. Verr. 2, 86: ville illustre. --- [urbs clarissima, Cic. Pomp. 20].    - clarissima victoria, Cic. Off. 1, 75: la victoire la plus brillante. [st1]2 [-] Clārus, i, m.: Clarus (surnom romain). --- Inscr.
    * * *
    [st1]1 [-] clārus, a, um: a - clair, brillant, éclatant.    - in clarissima luce, Cic. Off. 2, 44: au milieu de la plus éclatante lumière.    - clarissimae gemmae, Cic. Verr. 4, 62: pierres précieuses du plus vif éclat.    - poét. clarus Aquilo, Virg. G. 1, 460: le clair Aquilon = qui rend le ciel clair.    - avec abl. (dant) claram auro gemmisque coronam, Ov. M. 13, 704: (ils offrent) une couronne que l’or et les pierreries font étinceler.    - clara voce, Cic. Clu. 134: d’une voix éclatante, sonore.    - clariore voce, Caes. BG. 5, 30, 1: d’une voix plus éclatante.    - clara, obtusa vox, Quint. 11, 3, 15: voix claire, sourde. --- [clara, suavis, Cic. Off. 1, 133: voix claire, agréable]. b - clair, net, intelligible, manifeste.    - luce sunt clariora nobis tua consilia, Cic. Cat. 1, 6: tes projets sont pour nous plus clairs que le jour.    - res erat clara, Cic. Verr. 5, 101: le fait était patent.    - non parum res erat clara, Cic. Verr. 4, 29: la chose était assez connue. --- cf. 4, 27 ; 4, 41, etc.    - clarum est avec prop. inf. Plin. 7, 61: c’est un fait connu que, on sait que.    - (T. Livius) in narrando clarissimi candoris, Quint. 10, 1, 101: (Tite Live) dont les récits ont une limpidité si transparente. c - brillant, en vue, considéré, distingué, illustre.    - en parl. des pers. clari et honorati viri, Cic. CM 22: hommes en vue et revêtus des charges publiques.    - ex doctrina nobilis et clarus, Cic. Rab. Post. 23: que sa science a fait connaître et illustré.    - gloria clariores, Cic. de Or. 2, 154: auxquels la gloire a donné plus de lustre.    - clarissimus artis ejus, Plin. 37, 8: le plus brillant de (dans) cet art.    - clarissimus: clarissime [cf. excellence, altesse, etc.] [titre donné à l’époque impériale aux gens de qualité].    - populus luxuriā superbiāque clarus, Liv. 7, 31, 6: peuple connu pour son faste et sa fierté. --- péjor. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27; 2, 1, 19, § 50; 2, 4, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 7, § 16.    - en parl. des choses dies clarissimus, Cic. Lael. 12: la journée la plus brillante.    - oppidum clarum, Cic. Verr. 2, 86: ville illustre. --- [urbs clarissima, Cic. Pomp. 20].    - clarissima victoria, Cic. Off. 1, 75: la victoire la plus brillante. [st1]2 [-] Clārus, i, m.: Clarus (surnom romain). --- Inscr.
    * * *
        Clarus, Adiectiuum, Cler. vt Clara dies.
    \
        Aquilo clarus. Virg. Qui rend l'air cler et net.
    \
        Dea clara mundi obscuri. Senec. La lune qui luist de nuict.
    \
        Dies clarus, siue clara. Horat. Virg. Jour beau et cler.
    \
        Lapides clari. Horat. Pierres si cleres qu'on voit à travers.
    \
        Lumina mundi clarissima. Virgil. Le soleil et la lune.
    \
        Clarus. Senec. Qui sonne cler, Qu'on oit bien à cler.
    \
        Plausus clarus. Plaut. Qu'on oit clerement.
    \
        Sonus clarus. Lucret. Fort intelligible.
    \
        Tuba clara. Virg. Qui sonne cler.
    \
        Clara voce. Cic. A haulte voix.
    \
        Clariora sole. Cic. Plus clers que le soleil.
    \
        Res clara. Cic. Clere et manifeste.
    \
        Clarus, figurate. Cic. Excellent, Qui ha grand bruit, et est bien renommé.
    \
        Amplissimus et clarissimus vir. Cic. Noble, Fort cogneu.
    \
        Causis agendis clarus. Horat. Excellent à plaider une cause.
    \
        Forma clarissimus. Ouid. Qui ha grand bruit pour sa beaulté.
    \
        In gradu equestri clarus. Pli. iunior. Bien renommé entre les gentilzhommes.
    \
        Genere claro tumens. Senec. Fier et orgueilleux à cause de la noblesse de sa race.
    \
        Rumore claro apud vulgum esse. Tacitus. Avoir bon bruit et estre bien renommé envers le commun populaire.
    \
        Sanguine claro genitus. Senec. De noble sang et race.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > clarus

  • 14 vox

    vōx, vōcis f.
    1) голос (humāna Pl, L, QC); мычание ( bovis V); карканье ( cornīcis V); жужжание ( apum Col); пение ( Sirēnum H); тон
    v. magna C, H (alta Ctl, SenT, Sil) — громкий голос
    v. parva C — тихий голос
    v. clara C — ясный голос
    v. summissa C (depressa rhH., suppressa C) — пониженный голос
    v. gravis C — низкий голос
    aliquem ex voce cognoscĕre Just — узнать кого-л. по голосу
    unā voce C — единогласно, единодушно
    2) громкий голос ( vocibus strepĕre Sl); возглас, восклицание ( contumeliosa Cs); pl. крик(и) ( voces mercatorum Cs); модуляция, понижение или повышение голоса ( omnes voces hominis C)
    3) звук, тон ( cymbalorum Ctl); шум, гул ( pelagi V)
    4) произношение, акцент ( rustĭca C)
    6) речь, говор, язык (Platōnis vera v. C)
    v. ficta O — ложь
    7) слово, выражение, термин
    v. voluptatis C — слово (термин) « наслаждение»
    tali H (in hac C) voce — следующими словами
    8) повеление, приказание ( voci alicujus oboedire C)
    9) заговор, волшебное слово, магическая формула ( sacra H); заклинание ( deripere lunam vocibus H)

    Латинско-русский словарь > vox

  • 15 inclamo

    in-clāmo, āvī, ātum, āre, laut seine Stimme erheben, mit lauter Stimme rufen, I) im allg.: α) mit Ang. wen? od. was? im Acc.: αα) m. Ang. wen? jmd. anrufen, jmdm. zurufen, jmd. anschreien, anfahren, jmdm. zuschreien, alqm nomine, Liv., nomine suo, Lact.: comitem suum semel et saepius, Cic.: alqm acriter, Plaut.: alqm magnā voce, Liv.: delphinus inclamatus a puero, Plin.: poet., mihi non oculos quisquam inclamavit euntes, rief meinen Namen aus und drückte mir die Augen zu, Prop. 4, 7, 23. – zugl. m. folg. Absichtssatz durch ut m. Konj., puerum, ut illum abigeret, inclamavit, Val. Max.: ohne Acc. pers., ad vocem unius, qui, ut ferirent, inclamavit, Liv.: m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, pastorum unus inclamat alios, quid cessarent, Liv. – ββ) m. Ang. was? im Acc., nomen alcis, Cael. b. Quint. – atque id magnā voce ter quaterve inclamavit (rief er aus): ›bovinator est‹, Gell. – od. im Acc. m. Infin., praetorem accensum solitum esse iubere, ubi ei videbatur horam tertiam esse, inclamare horam tertiam esse, Varro LL. – m. folgendem direktem Fragesatz, adversarius... ›quo tu turpissime‹? magnā voce inclamat, Hor. – β) m. Ang. wem? od. gegen wen? αα) m. Ang. wem? im Dat., timidae puellae, Ov.: zugl. m. folg. Absichtssatz durch ut u. Konj., Albanus exercitus inclamat Curiatiis, uti opem ferant fratri, Liv. – ββ) m. Ang. gegen wen? = wem? durch contra od. in mit Akk., contra alqm voce quam maximā, Aur. Vict.: zugl. mit Ang. was? im Acc. u. Infin., repente in eum, qui id faciebat, videre se quid faceret magnum inclamavit, schrie dem laut zu usw., Gell. – II) insbes., v. Hilfsbedürftigen, um Beistand laut seine Stimme erheben, einen Hilferuf ergehen lassen, absol., nemo inclamavit patronorum, Cic.: ita te para, ut, si inclamavero, advoles, Cic. – mit Acc. = um Hilfe anrufen, deûm atque hominum fidem, Gell. 17, 19, 3.

    lateinisch-deutsches > inclamo

  • 16 submissus

    [st1]1 [-] submissus (summissus), a, um: part. passé de submitto. a - mis sous; baissé, abaissé.    - submissi oculi, Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 145: yeux baissés.    - submisso vertice, Ov.: en baissant la tête, en se baissant.    - secundis submissioribus, Liv. 44, 9, 6: le second rang se tenant un peu courbé. b - bas (en parl. de la voix).    - submissum murmur, Quint. 11, 3, 45: faible murmure.    - submissa voce, Cic.: à voix basse, doucement. c - peu élevé (style), modeste, simple, modéré.    - submissa aut elata, Quint.: langage bas ou élevé.    - summissa oratione, Caes. BC. 3, 19: dans un discours modéré. d - soumis, assujetti, fléchi, humble, suppliant.    - submissa unda, Petr.: flots asservis.    - submissus largitur, Stat.: apaisé, il accorde.    - recenti calamitate summissiores, Caes. BG. 8, 31: plus soumis à la suite de leur défaite récente.    - submissae preces, Luc.: humbles prières. e - bas, rampant, abject, indigne.    - submissum aliquid facere, Cic. 4, 30, 64: faire qqch avec bassesse.    - submissa adulatio, Quint.: vile flatterie. f - qui a grandi, qui s'est développé, qu'on a laissé croître.    - submissa prata, Varr.: prés non fauchés.    - submissior capillus, Suet.: chevelure plus longue.    - submissa gens animantum floret, Lucr.: les espèces vivantes croissent et prospèrent. g - levé, élevé (en l'air).    - submissi palmas, Sil.: ayant les mains levées au ciel.    - submissae dextrae, Sil.: mains suppliantes. h - envoyé secrètement, envoyé à la place de, substitué.    - submisso tirone, Sil.: par l'envoi de nouvelles recrues. ii - suborné, corrompu. [st1]2 [-] submissus (summissus), us, m. (seul. à l'abl. summissu): Tert. introduction furtive (au fig.).
    * * *
    [st1]1 [-] submissus (summissus), a, um: part. passé de submitto. a - mis sous; baissé, abaissé.    - submissi oculi, Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 145: yeux baissés.    - submisso vertice, Ov.: en baissant la tête, en se baissant.    - secundis submissioribus, Liv. 44, 9, 6: le second rang se tenant un peu courbé. b - bas (en parl. de la voix).    - submissum murmur, Quint. 11, 3, 45: faible murmure.    - submissa voce, Cic.: à voix basse, doucement. c - peu élevé (style), modeste, simple, modéré.    - submissa aut elata, Quint.: langage bas ou élevé.    - summissa oratione, Caes. BC. 3, 19: dans un discours modéré. d - soumis, assujetti, fléchi, humble, suppliant.    - submissa unda, Petr.: flots asservis.    - submissus largitur, Stat.: apaisé, il accorde.    - recenti calamitate summissiores, Caes. BG. 8, 31: plus soumis à la suite de leur défaite récente.    - submissae preces, Luc.: humbles prières. e - bas, rampant, abject, indigne.    - submissum aliquid facere, Cic. 4, 30, 64: faire qqch avec bassesse.    - submissa adulatio, Quint.: vile flatterie. f - qui a grandi, qui s'est développé, qu'on a laissé croître.    - submissa prata, Varr.: prés non fauchés.    - submissior capillus, Suet.: chevelure plus longue.    - submissa gens animantum floret, Lucr.: les espèces vivantes croissent et prospèrent. g - levé, élevé (en l'air).    - submissi palmas, Sil.: ayant les mains levées au ciel.    - submissae dextrae, Sil.: mains suppliantes. h - envoyé secrètement, envoyé à la place de, substitué.    - submisso tirone, Sil.: par l'envoi de nouvelles recrues. ii - suborné, corrompu. [st1]2 [-] submissus (summissus), us, m. (seul. à l'abl. summissu): Tert. introduction furtive (au fig.).
    * * *
        Submissus, Participium, siue Nomen ex participio. Liu. Mis dessoubs.
    \
        Submissa fastigio planities. Liu. Qui est au dessoubs.
    \
        Submissa prata. Varro. Ordonnez et adjancez pour produire foin, Prez qu'on ne laisse point paistre ne manger aux bestes.
    \
        Submissus et abiectus, cui contrarium Efferens se. Cic. Humble.
    \
        Submissum et molle aliquid facere. Ci. Qui sent son coeur bas.
    \
        Submissa oratione, vel voce loqui. Caesar. Parler bas.
    \
        Voce submissa rogare opem. Ouid. Humblement.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > submissus

  • 17 inclamo

    in-clāmo, āvī, ātum, āre, laut seine Stimme erheben, mit lauter Stimme rufen, I) im allg.: α) mit Ang. wen? od. was? im Acc.: αα) m. Ang. wen? jmd. anrufen, jmdm. zurufen, jmd. anschreien, anfahren, jmdm. zuschreien, alqm nomine, Liv., nomine suo, Lact.: comitem suum semel et saepius, Cic.: alqm acriter, Plaut.: alqm magnā voce, Liv.: delphinus inclamatus a puero, Plin.: poet., mihi non oculos quisquam inclamavit euntes, rief meinen Namen aus und drückte mir die Augen zu, Prop. 4, 7, 23. – zugl. m. folg. Absichtssatz durch ut m. Konj., puerum, ut illum abigeret, inclamavit, Val. Max.: ohne Acc. pers., ad vocem unius, qui, ut ferirent, inclamavit, Liv.: m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, pastorum unus inclamat alios, quid cessarent, Liv. – ββ) m. Ang. was? im Acc., nomen alcis, Cael. b. Quint. – atque id magnā voce ter quaterve inclamavit (rief er aus): ›bovinator est‹, Gell. – od. im Acc. m. Infin., praetorem accensum solitum esse iubere, ubi ei videbatur horam tertiam esse, inclamare horam tertiam esse, Varro LL. – m. folgendem direktem Fragesatz, adversarius... ›quo tu turpissime‹? magnā voce inclamat, Hor. – β) m. Ang. wem? od. gegen wen? αα) m. Ang. wem? im Dat., timidae puellae, Ov.: zugl. m. folg. Absichtssatz durch ut u. Konj., Albanus exercitus inclamat Curiatiis, uti opem ferant fratri, Liv. – ββ) m. Ang. gegen
    ————
    wen? = wem? durch contra od. in mit Akk., contra alqm voce quam maximā, Aur. Vict.: zugl. mit Ang. was? im Acc. u. Infin., repente in eum, qui id faciebat, videre se quid faceret magnum inclamavit, schrie dem laut zu usw., Gell. – II) insbes., v. Hilfsbedürftigen, um Beistand laut seine Stimme erheben, einen Hilferuf ergehen lassen, absol., nemo inclamavit patronorum, Cic.: ita te para, ut, si inclamavero, advoles, Cic. – mit Acc. = um Hilfe anrufen, deûm atque hominum fidem, Gell. 17, 19, 3.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > inclamo

  • 18 summum

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    ‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > summum

  • 19 Superi

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    ‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Superi

  • 20 superus

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    ‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > superus

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