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1 Vauban, Sébastien de
[br]b. 15 May 1633 St-Léger-de-Fougeret, Château Chinon, Nièvre, Franced. 20 March 1707 Paris, France[br]French civil and military engineer.[br]Born of impecunious parents, Vauban joined Condé's regiment as a cadet in 1651, at the age of 17, although he had apparently acquired some knowledge of mathematics and fortifications in the Carmelite College of Semur-en-Auxois. In the war of the Fronde he was captured by the Royal troops in 1653 and was converted to the king's service. He was soon recognized as having engineering ability and was given the task of repairing the fortifications of Sainte-Menehould. During the next few years he was engaged on fortification repairs and assisting at sieges, including Ypres, Gravelines and Oudenarde in 1658. Vauban found favour with the king, Louis XIV, and was responsible for the fortifications of Lille, which had been captured in 1667; he commenced the defensive structures of the citadel and the town in 1668. These were completed in 1674 and consisted of a vast pentagonal fort with bastions and further detached works surrounded by water defences. In 1692 he was present at the siege of Namur and was responsible for its capture. He was then put in charge of re-establishing and improving the defences. He next developed a line of fortresses along the French border. He later was abandoned by the king, whom he had served so well, and, with his advice being ignored by the French forces, they suffered defeat after defeat in Marlborough's wars.Meanwhile he had been called in to inspect the recently completed Canal du Midi and subsequently made recommendations for its improvement. These included the extension of the Montagne Noire feeder, and the construction of the Cesse and Orbiel aqueducts which were carried out to his design and under his supervision in 1686–7. In 1700 he was consulted on and produced a plan for a canal across France from north to south, providing a barge waterway from Nîmes to Dunkirk, but this was not carried out.In 1703 he was created maréchal de France, and two years later he devised vast schemes for the development of the canal system in Flanders. Owing to determined opposition from the local people, these schemes were abandoned and not revived until 1770, by which time the locals were prepared to accept them.[br]Further ReadingSir Reginald Blomfield, 1938, Sébastien lePrestre de Vauban, 1633–1707, Methuen. D.Halevy, 1924, Vauban. Builder of Fortresses, trans. C.J.C.Street, Geoffrey Bles.JHB -
2 Canals
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3 Civil engineering
См. также в других словарях:
VAUBAN — La carrière de Vauban correspond à l’apogée de la fortification bastionnée en France, dont les nombreuses guerres du règne de Louis XIV favorisent le développement. Vauban est né à Saint Léger de Foucheret (actuellement Saint Léger Vauban, Yonne) … Encyclopédie Universelle
Vauban — ist der Name folgender Personen: Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633–1707), französischer Festungsbaumeister und Marschall Vauban bezeichnet folgende Orte: Vauban (Freiburg im Breisgau), Stadtteil von Freiburg im Breisgau Vauban (Saône et Loire) … Deutsch Wikipedia
Vauban — [vo bã], Sébastien le Prestre de [lə prɛːtrə də], französischer Festungsbaumeister und Marschall, * Saint Léger (heute Saint Léger Vauban, Département Yonne) 1. 5. 1633, ✝ Paris 30. 3. 1707; war nach Ausbildung zum Ingenieuroffizier in der… … Universal-Lexikon
Vauban [1] — Vauban (spr. Wohbang), Sebastian le Prestre de V., geb. 15. Mai 1633 zu St. Leger de Foucheret in Burgund, Sohn von adeligen, aber armen Eltern; trat 17 Jahre alt in die spanische Armee in das von dem großen Condé befehligte Regiment als Cadet.… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Vauban [2] — Vauban (spr. Wohbang), 1) kleine Inselgruppe im Spencer Golf (Südküste von Australien); 2) (Fort V.), so v.w. St. Louis 1) … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Vauban — (spr. wobāng), Sebastien le Prêtre de, der größte franz. Kriegsingenieur, geb. 15. Mai 1633 in St. Aeger de Foucher bei Avallon (Yonne), gest. 13. März 1707 in Paris, trat in seinem 17. Jahr in die spanische Armee ein und wurde von Condé als… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Vauban — (spr. wobáng), Sébastien le Prêtre de, franz. Marschall und Kriegsbaumeister, geb. 1. Mai 1633 zu St Léger de Foucherets (Burgund), seit 1669 Generalinspektor der franz. Festungen, 1703 Marschall, gest. 30. März 1707 in Paris; erbaute 33 feste… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Vauban — (Wobang), Sebastien le Prêtre de, berühmter franz. Ingenieur, geb. 1633 zu St. Leger de Foucheret in Burgund, trat im 17. Jahre als Ingenieur in den Kriegsdienst und spielte in allen Kriegen Ludwigs XIV. eine wichtige Rolle, wurde 1669… … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Vauban — Vauban, Sébastien Le Preste, marqués de … Enciclopedia Universal
Vauban — [vō bän′] Marquis de [də] ( Sébastien Le Prestre) 1633 1707; Fr. military engineer … English World dictionary
Vauban — Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban « Vauban » redirige ici. Pour les autres significations, voir Vauban (homonymie). Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban … Wikipédia en Français