ut+instituit

cīvīlis, e, adj. [civis].

Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic (class. in prose and poetry, and very freq.): sanguine civili rem conflant, by the blood of citizens, * Lucr. 3, 70; Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1:

conjuratio,

id. ib. 5, 12, 2:

bellum,

id. Att. 7, 13, 1; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

bella,

Hor. Epod. 16, 1; Luc. 1, 1:

genus belli,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1; Sall. C. 47, 2; Quint. 12, 1, 16; Flor. 3, 22, 10; 3, 23, 7:

facinus,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1.—So De Bello Civili, the title of a portion of the Commentaries of Julius Cæsar, Flor. 4, 2, 4:

discordia,

Sall. C. 5, 2:

dissensio,

id. J. 41 fin.:

discidii specie,

Tac. A. 14, 60:

irae,

id. ib. 1, 43:

acies,

Ov. M. 7, 142:

arma,

civil war, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; Tac. A. 1, 9:

aestus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47:

Mars,

Ov. H. 6, 35:

busta,

Prop. 2, 1, 27:

victoria,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3; Sall. J. 95, 4; Tac. H. 4, 38 fin.:

praeda,

id. ib. 3, 15 et saep.:

mos consuetudoque,

Cic. Off. 1, 41,148; cf.

just before: instituta civilia: conciliatio et societas,

id. N. D. 2, 31, 78:

facinus,

id. Att. 7, 13, 1:

clamor,

Liv. 3, 28, 4; cf.

robur,

id. 28, 44, 5:

curae,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 17:

quercus = corona civica (v. civicus, I.),

Verg. A. 6, 772: civilis dies, the civil day ( from midnight to midnight; opp. to the naturalis dies, from the rising to the setting of the sun), Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3:

amor (opp. to naturalis),

between citizens, Gell. 12, 1, 23.—

Esp.: jus civile.

In gen., private rights, the law, as it protects citizens in their status, property, etc.:

jus civile est aequitas constituta iis, qui ejusdem civitatis sunt, ad res suas obtinendas,

Cic. Top. 2, 9:

sit ergo in jure civili finis hic: legitimae atque usitatae in rebus causisque civium aequabilitatis conservatio,

id. de Or. 1, 42, 188:

qui jus civile contemnendum putat, is vincula revellit judiciorum, etc.,

id. Caecin. 25, 70; id. Off. 3, 17, 69; id. Balb. 11, 28; Gai Inst. 1, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 1 sq.;

opp. jus naturale: quodam tempore homines nondum neque naturali neque civili jure descripto fusi, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—

The body of Roman law relating to private rights, the Civil Law:

ut si quis dicat jus civile id esse, quod in legibus, senatūs consultis, rebus judicatis, juris peritorum auctoritate, edictis magistratuum, more, aequitate consistat,

Cic. Top. 5, 28:

hoc civile (jus) quod dicimus (opp. causa universi juris ac legum),

id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

de jure civili si quis novi quid instituit,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109;

opp. jus nationum,

id. Div in Caecil. 5, 18;

opp. jus praetorium, the precedents of decisions by the prætor: nam quod agas mecum ex jure civili ac praetorio non habes,

id. Caecin. 12, 34; 2, 4; cf. Dig. 1, 1, 7 pr. and § 1.—

In narrower sense, the code of procedure, the forms of process in the Roman law:

civile jus, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evulgavit (Licinius),

Liv. 9, 46, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.:

jus civile per multa saecula inter sacra caerimoniasque deorum abditum, Cn. Flavius vulgavit,

Val. Max. 2, 5, 2; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 5 sqq.; plur.:

inteream si... novi civilia jura,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 39.—

Relating to public or political life, political, public, state-:

scientia,

politics, political science, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 6; Quint. 2, 15, 33:

quaestiones,

id. 2, 15, 36:

officia,

id. 2, 15, 36, and 2, 4, 27:

civilium rerum peritus,

Tac. H. 2, 5:

mersor civilibus undis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 16: vir, a statesman, politikos, Quint. prooem. § 10; 11, 10, 15; 12, 2, 7; 12, 2, 21; 11, 1, 35.—

Esp. civil, opp. military (first in Livy):

is gravis annis non militaribus solum sed civilibus quoque abscesserat muneribus,

Liv. 9, 3, 5; cf.:

civilis res haud magnopere obeuntem bella excitabant,

id. 6, 22, 7.—

Trop. (cf. popularis, and the Gr. koinos), demeaning one ' s self as a citizen; hence of distinguished persons, courteous, polite, civil, affable, urbane (so not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Suet.;

in Quint. only once): quid enim civilius illo?

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 13:

sermo,

Liv. 6, 40, 15:

animus,

id. 45, 32, 5; Tac. A. 1, 72; Suet. Caes. 75; id. Claud. 1; id. Dom. 12; cf. id. Calig. 3; id. Vesp. 12:

parumque id non civile modo sed humanum etiam visum,

unbecoming a private citizen, Liv. 5, 23, 5:

et humano ingressu,

Quint. 3, 8, 59 Spald.:

incessu,

Plin. Pan. 83, 7:

civile ingenium, mira comitas,

Tac. A. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 82: arma, id. H. 4, 3:

civile rebatur, misceri voluptatibus vulgi,

id. A. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 34; 3, 22; Plin. Pan. 78, 4; 87, 1:

civilis circa amicos,

Eutr. 7, 13:

in cunctos,

id. 10, 16.— Sup., Eutr. 8, 1; Spart. Had. 20, 1.—As subst.: cīvīle, is, n., courtesy:

si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,

Liv. 5, 3, 9.—Hence, adv.: cīvīlĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Citizen-like: vivere, Cic. ap. Lact. 3, 14: certare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3; Liv. 38, 56, 9; 33, 46, 3; Juv. 5, 112; Gell. praef. § 13.—

In judicial language, civilly (opp. criminally):

agere,

Dig. 47, 2, 92; 11, 6, 1; 47, 10, 37.—

(Acc. to 2.) As becomes a citizen, courteously, kindly, Ov. M. 12, 583; id. Tr. 3, 8, 41; Tac. A. 3, 76; 4, 21; id. H. 2, 91.— Comp.:

civilius,

Plin. Pan. 29, 2; App. M. 9, p. 236, 10.— Sup.:

civilissime,

Eutr. 7, 8.

Cīvīlis, is, m., a proper name, e. g. Julius Civilis, chief of the Batavi, Tac. H. 4, 13 sq.; abl. Civile, id. ib. 4, 35.

cīvīlis, e, adj. [civis].

Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic (class. in prose and poetry, and very freq.): sanguine civili rem conflant, by the blood of citizens, * Lucr. 3, 70; Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1:

conjuratio,

id. ib. 5, 12, 2:

bellum,

id. Att. 7, 13, 1; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

bella,

Hor. Epod. 16, 1; Luc. 1, 1:

genus belli,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1; Sall. C. 47, 2; Quint. 12, 1, 16; Flor. 3, 22, 10; 3, 23, 7:

facinus,

Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1.—So De Bello Civili, the title of a portion of the Commentaries of Julius Cæsar, Flor. 4, 2, 4:

discordia,

Sall. C. 5, 2:

dissensio,

id. J. 41 fin.:

discidii specie,

Tac. A. 14, 60:

irae,

id. ib. 1, 43:

acies,

Ov. M. 7, 142:

arma,

civil war, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; Tac. A. 1, 9:

aestus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47:

Mars,

Ov. H. 6, 35:

busta,

Prop. 2, 1, 27:

victoria,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3; Sall. J. 95, 4; Tac. H. 4, 38 fin.:

praeda,

id. ib. 3, 15 et saep.:

mos consuetudoque,

Cic. Off. 1, 41,148; cf.

just before: instituta civilia: conciliatio et societas,

id. N. D. 2, 31, 78:

facinus,

id. Att. 7, 13, 1:

clamor,

Liv. 3, 28, 4; cf.

robur,

id. 28, 44, 5:

curae,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 17:

quercus = corona civica (v. civicus, I.),

Verg. A. 6, 772: civilis dies, the civil day ( from midnight to midnight; opp. to the naturalis dies, from the rising to the setting of the sun), Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3:

amor (opp. to naturalis),

between citizens, Gell. 12, 1, 23.—

Esp.: jus civile.

In gen., private rights, the law, as it protects citizens in their status, property, etc.:

jus civile est aequitas constituta iis, qui ejusdem civitatis sunt, ad res suas obtinendas,

Cic. Top. 2, 9:

sit ergo in jure civili finis hic: legitimae atque usitatae in rebus causisque civium aequabilitatis conservatio,

id. de Or. 1, 42, 188:

qui jus civile contemnendum putat, is vincula revellit judiciorum, etc.,

id. Caecin. 25, 70; id. Off. 3, 17, 69; id. Balb. 11, 28; Gai Inst. 1, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 1 sq.;

opp. jus naturale: quodam tempore homines nondum neque naturali neque civili jure descripto fusi, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—

The body of Roman law relating to private rights, the Civil Law:

ut si quis dicat jus civile id esse, quod in legibus, senatūs consultis, rebus judicatis, juris peritorum auctoritate, edictis magistratuum, more, aequitate consistat,

Cic. Top. 5, 28:

hoc civile (jus) quod dicimus (opp. causa universi juris ac legum),

id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

de jure civili si quis novi quid instituit,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109;

opp. jus nationum,

id. Div in Caecil. 5, 18;

opp. jus praetorium, the precedents of decisions by the prætor: nam quod agas mecum ex jure civili ac praetorio non habes,

id. Caecin. 12, 34; 2, 4; cf. Dig. 1, 1, 7 pr. and § 1.—

In narrower sense, the code of procedure, the forms of process in the Roman law:

civile jus, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evulgavit (Licinius),

Liv. 9, 46, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.:

jus civile per multa saecula inter sacra caerimoniasque deorum abditum, Cn. Flavius vulgavit,

Val. Max. 2, 5, 2; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 5 sqq.; plur.:

inteream si... novi civilia jura,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 39.—

Relating to public or political life, political, public, state-:

scientia,

politics, political science, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 6; Quint. 2, 15, 33:

quaestiones,

id. 2, 15, 36:

officia,

id. 2, 15, 36, and 2, 4, 27:

civilium rerum peritus,

Tac. H. 2, 5:

mersor civilibus undis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 16: vir, a statesman, politikos, Quint. prooem. § 10; 11, 10, 15; 12, 2, 7; 12, 2, 21; 11, 1, 35.—

Esp. civil, opp. military (first in Livy):

is gravis annis non militaribus solum sed civilibus quoque abscesserat muneribus,

Liv. 9, 3, 5; cf.:

civilis res haud magnopere obeuntem bella excitabant,

id. 6, 22, 7.—

Trop. (cf. popularis, and the Gr. koinos), demeaning one ' s self as a citizen; hence of distinguished persons, courteous, polite, civil, affable, urbane (so not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Suet.;

in Quint. only once): quid enim civilius illo?

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 13:

sermo,

Liv. 6, 40, 15:

animus,

id. 45, 32, 5; Tac. A. 1, 72; Suet. Caes. 75; id. Claud. 1; id. Dom. 12; cf. id. Calig. 3; id. Vesp. 12:

parumque id non civile modo sed humanum etiam visum,

unbecoming a private citizen, Liv. 5, 23, 5:

et humano ingressu,

Quint. 3, 8, 59 Spald.:

incessu,

Plin. Pan. 83, 7:

civile ingenium, mira comitas,

Tac. A. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 82: arma, id. H. 4, 3:

civile rebatur, misceri voluptatibus vulgi,

id. A. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 34; 3, 22; Plin. Pan. 78, 4; 87, 1:

civilis circa amicos,

Eutr. 7, 13:

in cunctos,

id. 10, 16.— Sup., Eutr. 8, 1; Spart. Had. 20, 1.—As subst.: cīvīle, is, n., courtesy:

si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,

Liv. 5, 3, 9.—Hence, adv.: cīvīlĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Citizen-like: vivere, Cic. ap. Lact. 3, 14: certare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3; Liv. 38, 56, 9; 33, 46, 3; Juv. 5, 112; Gell. praef. § 13.—

In judicial language, civilly (opp. criminally):

agere,

Dig. 47, 2, 92; 11, 6, 1; 47, 10, 37.—

(Acc. to 2.) As becomes a citizen, courteously, kindly, Ov. M. 12, 583; id. Tr. 3, 8, 41; Tac. A. 3, 76; 4, 21; id. H. 2, 91.— Comp.:

civilius,

Plin. Pan. 29, 2; App. M. 9, p. 236, 10.— Sup.:

civilissime,

Eutr. 7, 8.

Cīvīlis, is, m., a proper name, e. g. Julius Civilis, chief of the Batavi, Tac. H. 4, 13 sq.; abl. Civile, id. ib. 4, 35.

commĕātus ( conm-), ūs, m. [id.].

A going to and fro, passing freely, going at will:

in eo conclavid ego perfodi parietem, Quā conmeatus clam esset hinc huc mulieri,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 65; cf.:

commeatum vocis exercent fauces,

Pall. 1, 3.—

Meton.

A place through which one can pass back and forth, a thoroughfare, passage (rare; cf.:

abitus, aditus, circuitus, etc.): nimis beat, quod conmeatus transtinet trans parietem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 58:

per hortum utroque conmeatus continet,

id. Stich. 3, 1, 44; Dig. 43, 8, 2, § 25.—

A leave of absence from one ' s station for a definite time, a furlough:

commeare, ultro citro ire: unde commeatus dari dicitur, id est tempus, quo ire, redire quis posset,

Fest. p. 277, 27 Müll.:

dare commeatum totius aestatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

petere,

Vell. 2, 11, 2; Suet. Tib. 10; id. Ner. 35; id. Galb. 6; id. Claud. 23:

sumere,

Liv. 3, 46, 10:

dare,

id. 3, 46, 9; Suet. Calig. 29:

accipere,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

in commeatu esse,

to be on furlough, Liv. 33, 29, 4:

commeatu abesse,

Suet. Tib. 72; Dig. 4, 6, 35, § 9:

in iis stativis satis liberi commeatus erant,

Liv. 1, 57, 4:

(legiones) promiscuis militum commeatibus infirmaverat,

Tac. A. 15, 10; cf. id. H. 1, 46:

cum miles ad commeatus diem non adfuit,

on the day when the furlough expired, Quint. 7, 4, 14; cf. Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:

commeatūs spatium excedere,

Dig. 49, 16, 14:

ultra commeatum abesse,

ib. 50, 1, 2, § 6.— Transf.:

cras igitur (sc. proficiscar), nisi quid a te commeatus,

Cic. Att. 13, 41 fin. dub. (al. commeat); v. Orell. N. cr.:

longum mihi commeatum dederat mala valetudo,

rest, Sen. Ep. 54, 1:

servitus assidua... sine intervallo, sine commeatu,

id. Q. N. 3, praef. § 16.—

A train, a convoy, caravan, a company carried, a transportation, trip, passage:

Londinium copiā negotiatorum et commeatuum maxime celebre,

Tac. A. 14, 33; 13, 39; Suet. Ner. 20:

duobus commeatibus exercitum reportare instituit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 23: secundum commeatum in Africam mittit ad Caesarem, Auct. B. Afr. 34: commeatibus per municipia ac colonias dispositis, supplies of provisions, relays of horses, etc., Suet. Tib. 38:

cerneres canes... per omnem nostrum commeatum morsibus ambulare,

App. M. 8, p. 209, 18.—

Provisions, supplies (very freq., esp. in the histt., in sing. and plur.): interclude inimicis commeatum;

tibi muni viam, Quā cibatus commeatusque ad te et legiones tuas Tuto possit pervenire,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70 sq.; cf.:

importare in coloniam,

id. Ep. 3, 2, 7:

ex omnibus provinciis commeatu et publico et privato prohibebamur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53:

ne foro quidem et commeatu juvare populum Romanum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 52:

commeatu nostros prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9 fin.:

neque exercitum sine magno commeatu atque molimento in unum locum contrahere posse,

id. ib. 1, 34; Quint. 8, 6, 26:

maritimi,

Liv. 5, 54, 4:

ex montibus invecti,

id. 9, 13, 10:

advecti,

id. 9, 32, 2:

convecto,

id. 2, 14, 3 al.; Suet. Calig. 43:

magni commeatus frumenti Romam subvecti,

Liv. 28, 4, 7.—

Freq. opp. frumentum, the remaining supplies of war:

ad Vesontionem rei frumentariae commeatūsque causā moratur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

uti frumento commeatuque Caesarem intercluderet,

id. ib. 1, 48; 3, 6; 3, 23 fin.; cf. Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70 supra.—

Transf.:

commeatus argentarius,

gain acquired by money transactions, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 9.

commĕātus ( conm-), ūs, m. [id.].

A going to and fro, passing freely, going at will:

in eo conclavid ego perfodi parietem, Quā conmeatus clam esset hinc huc mulieri,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 65; cf.:

commeatum vocis exercent fauces,

Pall. 1, 3.—

Meton.

A place through which one can pass back and forth, a thoroughfare, passage (rare; cf.:

abitus, aditus, circuitus, etc.): nimis beat, quod conmeatus transtinet trans parietem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 58:

per hortum utroque conmeatus continet,

id. Stich. 3, 1, 44; Dig. 43, 8, 2, § 25.—

A leave of absence from one ' s station for a definite time, a furlough:

commeare, ultro citro ire: unde commeatus dari dicitur, id est tempus, quo ire, redire quis posset,

Fest. p. 277, 27 Müll.:

dare commeatum totius aestatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 62:

petere,

Vell. 2, 11, 2; Suet. Tib. 10; id. Ner. 35; id. Galb. 6; id. Claud. 23:

sumere,

Liv. 3, 46, 10:

dare,

id. 3, 46, 9; Suet. Calig. 29:

accipere,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

in commeatu esse,

to be on furlough, Liv. 33, 29, 4:

commeatu abesse,

Suet. Tib. 72; Dig. 4, 6, 35, § 9:

in iis stativis satis liberi commeatus erant,

Liv. 1, 57, 4:

(legiones) promiscuis militum commeatibus infirmaverat,

Tac. A. 15, 10; cf. id. H. 1, 46:

cum miles ad commeatus diem non adfuit,

on the day when the furlough expired, Quint. 7, 4, 14; cf. Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:

commeatūs spatium excedere,

Dig. 49, 16, 14:

ultra commeatum abesse,

ib. 50, 1, 2, § 6.— Transf.:

cras igitur (sc. proficiscar), nisi quid a te commeatus,

Cic. Att. 13, 41 fin. dub. (al. commeat); v. Orell. N. cr.:

longum mihi commeatum dederat mala valetudo,

rest, Sen. Ep. 54, 1:

servitus assidua... sine intervallo, sine commeatu,

id. Q. N. 3, praef. § 16.—

A train, a convoy, caravan, a company carried, a transportation, trip, passage:

Londinium copiā negotiatorum et commeatuum maxime celebre,

Tac. A. 14, 33; 13, 39; Suet. Ner. 20:

duobus commeatibus exercitum reportare instituit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 23: secundum commeatum in Africam mittit ad Caesarem, Auct. B. Afr. 34: commeatibus per municipia ac colonias dispositis, supplies of provisions, relays of horses, etc., Suet. Tib. 38:

cerneres canes... per omnem nostrum commeatum morsibus ambulare,

App. M. 8, p. 209, 18.—

Provisions, supplies (very freq., esp. in the histt., in sing. and plur.): interclude inimicis commeatum;

tibi muni viam, Quā cibatus commeatusque ad te et legiones tuas Tuto possit pervenire,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70 sq.; cf.:

importare in coloniam,

id. Ep. 3, 2, 7:

ex omnibus provinciis commeatu et publico et privato prohibebamur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53:

ne foro quidem et commeatu juvare populum Romanum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 52:

commeatu nostros prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9 fin.:

neque exercitum sine magno commeatu atque molimento in unum locum contrahere posse,

id. ib. 1, 34; Quint. 8, 6, 26:

maritimi,

Liv. 5, 54, 4:

ex montibus invecti,

id. 9, 13, 10:

advecti,

id. 9, 32, 2:

convecto,

id. 2, 14, 3 al.; Suet. Calig. 43:

magni commeatus frumenti Romam subvecti,

Liv. 28, 4, 7.—

Freq. opp. frumentum, the remaining supplies of war:

ad Vesontionem rei frumentariae commeatūsque causā moratur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

uti frumento commeatuque Caesarem intercluderet,

id. ib. 1, 48; 3, 6; 3, 23 fin.; cf. Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70 supra.—

Transf.:

commeatus argentarius,

gain acquired by money transactions, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 9.

dĕin-ceps (dissyl., Hor. S. 2, 8, 80; but trisyl. Prud. Cath. 7, 136. Cf. dehinc and deinde), adj. and adv. [capio. Prop., taking place next or after, v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 591; cf.: particeps, princeps].

Adj. ( gen. deincipis or deincipitis), following thereafter, next following: deinceps qui deinde cepit, ut princeps qui primum cepit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 2 Müll.; cf.:

deincipem antiqui dicebant proxime quemque captum ut principem primum captum,

ib. 75, 4. So only: deincipiti die, Ap. Flor. no. 16, p. 353, 33.—

Adv., in a constant series, one after another, successively, in turn, = hexês or ephexês (for syn. cf.: deinde, exinde, inde, indidem, post, postea, porro—freq. and good prose).

In space:

arboribus deinceps constitutis,

Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2:

his (saxis) collocatis et coagmentatis alius insuper ordo adicitur, etc.... sic deinceps omne opus contexitur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 25, 8: ea quae akrostichis dicitur, cum deinceps ex primis versuum litteris aliquid conectitur, Cic. Div. 2, 54, 111; cf. id. de Or. 3, 47, 183:

prima... ac deinceps,

Sall. J. 19, 3.—

In time:

duo deinceps reges civitatem auxerunt,

Liv. 1, 21:

ut deinceps qui accubarent canerent ad tibiam clarorum virorum laudes,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 3:

trīs fratres, quos video deinceps tribunos plebis per triennium fore,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; cf. Liv. 6, 5:

clamore significant, hunc alii deinceps excipiunt, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 3.—Esp. freq. with alii, reliqui, multi, omnes, totus:

stationes dispositas haberent atque alios alii deinceps exciperent,

Caes. B. G. 5, 16 fin.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 37; 6, 21:

receperunt Arverni eum deincepsque aliae gentes,

Liv. 27, 39; 29, 3; 29, 14 et saep.:

reliquis deinceps diebus Caesar silvas caedere instituit,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29; cf. id. ib. 5, 40, 4; 7, 23; id. B. C. 3, 56:

possum deinceps totam rem explicare, deinde ad extremum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28; Col. 2, 4, 3.—

In order.

With ordinals (rare):

septimus sum deinceps praetorius in gente nostra,

the seventh in succession, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 8, 15.—

In denoting the successive parts of a discourse:

de justitia satis dictum est: deinceps, ut erat propositum, de beneficentia ac de liberalitate dicatur, i. e. ordine sic ferente,

successively, in order, Cic. Off. 1, 14, 42; cf. id. ib. 2, 15, 52; 3, 2, 7.—

To indicate an immediate sequence:

si non ab eo, in quo proxime desitum, deinceps incipietur,

id. Inv. 1, 20, 28; cf. id. Ac. 2, 14, 46:

annales Ennii ut deinceps legi possint,

that they may be read on continuously, id. N. D. 2, 37, 93; Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14. In this use deinceps is often very nearly = deinde, Cic. Phil. 4, 4, 8; Liv. 44, 31, 1 al. —

In particular combinations.

Deinde deinceps, inde deinceps, postea deinceps, Gr. epeita hexês:

deinde etiam deinceps posteris prodebatur,

Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 43; Liv. 2, 47; Auct. Her. 3, 18:

deinceps inde multae, quas non minus diligenter elaboratas... afferebamus,

Cic. Brut. 90, 312; so,

deinceps inde,

Liv. 5, 37:

inde deinceps,

id. 1, 44:

aequitate sua postea trium regum bellis deinceps omnibus functum officiis,

id. 45, 14. —

Corresp. with primus: primum est officium, ut se conservet in naturae statu:

deinceps, ut ea teneat, quae, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 6, 20; cf.:

principes sint patria et parentes... proximi liberi totaque domus... deinceps bene convenientes propinqui,

id. Off. 1, 17, 58, and Tac. H. 1, 48.—

Hence, after enumerations, in phrases like Eng. and so forth:

ut prima (officia) diis immortalibus, secunda patriae, tertia parentibus, deinceps gradatim reliqua reliquis debeantur,

and so on Cic. Off. 1, 45, 160; cf.:

nam et in prooemio primum est aliquid et secundum ac deinceps,

Quint. 7, 10, 5; Tac. A. 1, 81; cf. Cic. Div. 1, 30, 64:

et deinceps, ac deinceps,

and so forth, Just. Inst. 1, 12, 6 al. —

Perge deinceps, go on, Varr. R. R. 3, 8, 1:

gallinae villaticae sunt, quas deinceps rure habent in villis,

continually, id. ib. 3, 9, 2; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 232-238.

dĭurnus, a, um, adj. [for dius-nus, from dies; cf.: interdius, quotidianus, etc.], of or belonging to the day.

In a wider sense, daily (perh. not ante-Aug.):

aetatis fata diurna,

i. e. of only one day, Ov. H. 6, 37:

instituit, ut tam Senatus quam populi diurna acta confierent et publicarentur,

daily transactions, records, journal, Suet. Caes. 20; Tac. A. 13, 31; Suet. Claud. 41 Oud. N. cr.; in the same signif.:

commentarii,

id. Aug. 64; cf.

also: diurna actorum scriptura,

Tac. A. 3, 3. (Concerning these acta diurna, v. Lips. Exc. ad Tac. A. 5, 4; Ernest. Exc. ad Suet. Caes. 20; Rupert. ad Juv. 2, 136; Walch ad Tac. Agr. p. 114, and the art. acta):

cibus,

daily allowance, rations, Liv. 4, 12 fin.:

victus,

Suet. Ner. 36 fin.:

mercede diurna conductus,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 17.—Hence, subst.

diurnum, i, n., an account-book, day-book:

longum,

Juv. 6, 482; plur. (sc. acta), diaries, records, minutes:

diurna populi Romani, per provincias curatius leguntur,

Tac. A. 16, 22.—Also subst.

diurnum, i, n. (sc. frumentum), a daily portion, allowance, rations (cf. diarium), Sen. Ep. 80, 8; id. Contr. 5, 33 fin.; cf. Suet. Ner. 30.—

In a stricter sense (acc. to dies, I. B. 2.), opp. nocturnus, by day, of the day (very freq. and class.):

diurnum nocturnumve spatium,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

labores diurni nocturnique,

id. de Sen. 23, 82; cf.

so opp. nocturnus,

Lucr. 6, 849; Cic. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 38 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 13, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 44; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 11; Ov. F. 3, 878 et saep.:

lumen,

Lucr. 4, 458; so Ov. F. 4, 449; cf.

stella,

i. e. the morning-star, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 62:

currus,

i. e. the chariot of the sun, Ov. M. 4, 629:

ignes,

id. ib. 7, 192:

nitor,

id. H. 18, 78 al.:

actus,

the day's business, Suet. Aug. 78.— Adv.: dĭurne, daily, Dracont. Hex. 1, 68; 3, 602.

dĭurnus, a, um, adj. [for dius-nus, from dies; cf.: interdius, quotidianus, etc.], of or belonging to the day.

In a wider sense, daily (perh. not ante-Aug.):

aetatis fata diurna,

i. e. of only one day, Ov. H. 6, 37:

instituit, ut tam Senatus quam populi diurna acta confierent et publicarentur,

daily transactions, records, journal, Suet. Caes. 20; Tac. A. 13, 31; Suet. Claud. 41 Oud. N. cr.; in the same signif.:

commentarii,

id. Aug. 64; cf.

also: diurna actorum scriptura,

Tac. A. 3, 3. (Concerning these acta diurna, v. Lips. Exc. ad Tac. A. 5, 4; Ernest. Exc. ad Suet. Caes. 20; Rupert. ad Juv. 2, 136; Walch ad Tac. Agr. p. 114, and the art. acta):

cibus,

daily allowance, rations, Liv. 4, 12 fin.:

victus,

Suet. Ner. 36 fin.:

mercede diurna conductus,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 17.—Hence, subst.

diurnum, i, n., an account-book, day-book:

longum,

Juv. 6, 482; plur. (sc. acta), diaries, records, minutes:

diurna populi Romani, per provincias curatius leguntur,

Tac. A. 16, 22.—Also subst.

diurnum, i, n. (sc. frumentum), a daily portion, allowance, rations (cf. diarium), Sen. Ep. 80, 8; id. Contr. 5, 33 fin.; cf. Suet. Ner. 30.—

In a stricter sense (acc. to dies, I. B. 2.), opp. nocturnus, by day, of the day (very freq. and class.):

diurnum nocturnumve spatium,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

labores diurni nocturnique,

id. de Sen. 23, 82; cf.

so opp. nocturnus,

Lucr. 6, 849; Cic. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 38 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 13, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 44; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 11; Ov. F. 3, 878 et saep.:

lumen,

Lucr. 4, 458; so Ov. F. 4, 449; cf.

stella,

i. e. the morning-star, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 62:

currus,

i. e. the chariot of the sun, Ov. M. 4, 629:

ignes,

id. ib. 7, 192:

nitor,

id. H. 18, 78 al.:

actus,

the day's business, Suet. Aug. 78.— Adv.: dĭurne, daily, Dracont. Hex. 1, 68; 3, 602.

ē-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( imper., educe, Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 11; id. Stich. 5, 6, 1:

educ,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10; Alcim. 5, 248 al.— Inf. pass. parag., educier, Plaut. Truc. 5, 16), v. a., to lead forth, draw out, bring away (very freq. and class.).

In gen.:

novam nuptam foras,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 1;

so with personal objects, fidicinam,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 36 (opp. introducere):

eram,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 53:

virginem,

id. Pers. 4, 1, 11; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3 fin. al.; cf.

also: populum e comitio,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 9:

mulierem ab domo secum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 4:

rete foras,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 18; cf.:

pisces everriculo in litus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7:

radicem e terra,

id. ib. 3, 10, 5:

gladium,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 8; Sall. C. 51, 36; cf.:

gladium e vagina,

Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

gladium,

Vulg. Marc. 14, 47 al.:

sortem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51 fin.; cf.:

aliquos ex urna,

id. ib. 2, 2, 17:

tribus,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 21:

telum corpore,

Verg. A. 10, 744; cf. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83 et saep.:

lacum (with emittere),

Cic. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf.

fistulam,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2:

aquam in fossas,

Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179; Dig. 8, 3, 29:

se foras,

to go out, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 4 Ruhnk. ad loc.; cf.:

se multitudini,

to withdraw one's self from the multitude, Sen. Vit. Beat. 2 fin. —

In partic.

In all periods.

Pub. law t. t.

To bring, summon before court (cf. duco, I. B. 1.):

cum in jus ipsum eduxi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47; cf.:

ex domo in jus,

Quint. 7, 8, 6: SI. QVIS. EORVM. AD. ME. EDVCTVS. FVERIT., Edict. Praet. ap. Gell. 11, 17, 2:

aliquem ad consules,

Cic. Planc. 23;

and simply aliquem,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 26 Zumpt N. cr.; 2, 2, 37; 2, 3, 65.—Once also, to bring up or lead away for punishment (for which more commonly duco; v. Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 26):

ad tintinnaculos educi viros,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 8.—

Of persons in office, to take out with one to one's province: quos educere invitos in provinciam non potuit, eos retinere qui potuit? Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 76; so,

medicum secum,

id. Pis. 34.—

Milit. t. t., to lead forth, march out troops (very freq. in Caes.):

Teleboae ex oppido Legiones educunt suas,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 63:

praesidium ex oppido (opp introducere),

Caes. B. C. 1, 13, 2:

cohortes ex urbe,

id. ib. 1, 12, 2:

exercitum ab urbe,

Liv. 3, 21:

copias e castris,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50, 1; 2, 8 fin.; 7, 13, 1; 7, 80, 1; id. B. C. 1, 43, 3 et saep.; Liv. 31, 37 al.;

for which also: copias castris,

Caes. B. G. 1, 51, 2; 4, 13 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 68, 1; Verg. A. 11, 20;

legiones ex hibernis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 3; 5, 27, 9; 7, 10, 1; Liv. 40, 39:

ex finibus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.

also: impedimenta ex castris,

id. ib. 7, 68, 1.—Without designating the term. a quo:

cohortes,

Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 2; id. B. C. 1, 41, 2; 1, 64, 6; Sall. J. 68, 2; Liv. 39, 15; Front. Strat. 1, 5, 22 et saep.; cf.: exercitum foras, Cato ap. Gell. 15, 13, 5:

exercitum in expeditionem,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

copias adversus Afranium,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 9; 2, 2, 5 et saep.—And absol. of the general himself, to move out, march out (so mostly in Liv.; cf.

duco): ex hibernis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

ex oppido,

id. ib. 7, 81, 3; cf.:

tribus simul portis,

Liv. 41, 26:

ad legionem Pompeii duplici acie eduxit,

Caes. B. G. 3, 67, 3:

in aciem,

Liv. 1, 23; 8, 9; 21, 39; Front. Strat. 2, 1, 5, al. —

Naut. t. t., to bring out a ship from the harbor, to put to sea:

naves ex portu,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57, 2; 2, 22, 5; 3, 26, 2;

also: classem portu,

Plin. 2, 12, 9, § 55.—Hence,

Transf., of goods, to export:

equos ex Italia,

Liv. 43, 5, 9 (cf.:

extra provinciam ducere,

Dig. 49, 16, 12, § 1).—

In midwifery, t. t., to assist at birth:

attractus infantem educit,

Cels. 7, 29 med.:

per ipsas manus (infans) commode educitur,

id. ib. — So of birds, to bring out of the egg, to hatch:

pullos suos,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 143; so,

fetum,

Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152 (with excludere); 9, 10, 12, § 37.—Hence,

Transf.

To bring up, rear, a child (usually with reference to bodily nurture and support; while 2. educo refers usually to the mind; but the distinction is not strictly observed; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 395), to educate:

non possunt militares pueri setanio educier,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 16:

bene ego istam eduxi meae domi et pudice,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 32; id. Most. 1, 3, 29; id. Rud. 1, 3, 38; Ter. And. 5, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 14 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 124; Liv. 1, 39 fin.; 21, 43 Drak.; Tac. A. 1, 4; 41; Prop. 3, 9, 51 (4, 8, 51 M.); Verg. A. 7, 763; 8, 413; Col. 3, 10, 16; Curt. 3, 12, 16 al.— Trop.:

senex plane eductus in nutricatu Venerio,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 55.—

In gen., to bear, to produce = edere, Verg. A. 6, 765; 779: aura educit colores, * Cat. 64, 90.—

In vulg. lang., to drink off, toss off, Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 18; 5, 6, 1.—With a punning allusion to the signif. 4. b. a, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 274.—

Since the Aug. period.

Of motion in an upward direction (cf. effero and erigo), to draw up, to raise:

(Ortygia me) superas eduxit sub auras,

Ov. M. 5, 641; 3, 113; cf.

trop.: (Pindarus) vires animumque moresque aureos educit in astra,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 23 (cf.:

sustulit in astra,

Cic. Att. 2, 25).—

With the accessory idea of making, to rear, erect, build up:

turrim summis sub astra Eductam tectis,

Verg. A. 2, 461; cf.:

aram sepulcri caelo,

id. ib. 6, 178; imitated by Sil. 15, 388:

molem caelo,

Verg. A. 2, 186:

turres altius,

Tac. A. 12, 16; id. H. 4, 30:

pyramides instar montium,

id. A. 2, 61:

moenia caminis Cyclopum,

Verg. A. 6, 630; cf.:

moles quam eductam in Rhenum retulimus,

Tac. H. 5, 18.—

Of time, to pass, spend (cf. duco, II. B. 3. b.):

pios annos,

Prop. 2, 9, 47:

insomnem noctem ludo,

Stat. Th. 2, 74:

somnos sub hiberno caelo,

Sil. 11, 405:

nimbos luxu,

Val. Fl. 2, 371.

ēdŭco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. educo, II. A. 4. b.], to bring up a child physically or mentally, to rear, to educate (very freq. and class.): educit obstetrix, educat nutrix, instituit paedagogus, docet magister, Varr. ap. Non. 447, 33 (but this distinction is not strictly observed; see the foll. and 1. educo, II. A. 4. b.).

Prop.:

hera educavit (puellam) magna industria,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 44 sq.:

Athenis natus altusque educatusque Atticis,

id. Rud. 3, 4, 36:

bene pudiceque educatu'st usque ad adolescentiam,

id. Capt. 5, 3, 16 et saep.; cf. id. Men. 5, 5, 7; id. Trin. 2, 4, 111 al.; Att. ap. Non. 422, 14; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 37; id. Ad. 3, 4, 49; Cic. Lael. 20, 75; id. Rep. 2, 21; id. de Or. 1, 31; Ov. F. 6, 487; id. M. 3, 314; Vulg. Psa. 22, 2. —

Transf., to bring up, rear, foster, train, educate:

neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4; id. Or. 13 fin.; cf.:

ars dicendi ea, quae sunt orta jam in nobis et procreata, educat atque confirmat,

id. de Or. 2, 87, 356:

in his (scholis) educatur orator,

Quint. 9, 2, 81:

oratorem, id. prooem. § 5: illos in disciplina,

Vulg. Ephes. 6, 4.—

Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, of plants or animals, to nourish, support, produce:

quod pontus, quod terra, quod educat aër Poscit,

Ov. M. 8, 832; cf. id. Pont. 1, 10, 9:

vitis mitem uvam,

Cat. 62, 50:

pomum, non uvas (ager),

Ov. Pont. 1, 3, 51:

herbas (humus),

id. M. 15, 97:

Caecuba,

Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173:

florem (imber),

Cat. 62, 41 al.:

lepores, apros,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 22.—

To possess, hold (cf. nutrire = trephein), Verg. Cul. 13.

ex-ŏlesco, olēvi, ētum, 3, v. inch. n.

To grow out, to attain its full size, grow up.

In gen., so only in the part. perf. exo-letus, a, um, grown up, full grown, mature: exoletus qui excessit olescendi id est crescendi modum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 5, 7 Müll.; cf.:

exoletus qui adolescere (olescere?) id est crescere desiit,

id. p. 80, 12 Müll.:

exoleta virgo,

Plaut. Fragm. in Prisc. p. 872 P.—

In partic., to denote an abandoned youth of ripe age:

scortum exoletum,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 17; cf.:

Clodius, qui semper secum scorta, semper exoletos, semper lupas duceret, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 21, 55; so Mart. 3, 82, 8; Suet. Caes. 49; 76; id. Tib. 43; id. Calig. 24; id. Galb. 22; id. Tit. 7:

remiges,

Tac. A. 15, 37.—

To grow to an end, to stop growing (mostly ante-Aug.; perh. not in Cic.).

Prop.:

multa sunt quae neglegentiā exolescunt et fiunt sterilia,

Col. 2, 18, 3; App. M. 9, p. 232, 17.—

Transf., in gen., to grow out of use, out of date, to become obsolete, to pass away, cease: exolescentes litterae, disappearing, i. e. rubbed off, Suet. Aug. 7:

ne vetustissima Italiae disciplina per desidiam exolesceret,

Tac. A. 11, 15:

rumor validus adeo ut nondum exolescat,

id. ib. 4, 10:

antiquitus instituta,

id. H. 4, 8:

gratia pascui usu continuo,

Col. 7, 3, 20:

cum patris favor haud dum exolevisset,

Liv. 2, 52, 4; cf.:

nondum is dolor exoleverat,

Tac. A. 6, 25:

prima positio vetustate,

Quint. 1, 6, 11:

exolevit fundendi aeris ratio,

Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 5:

Calchedonii in totum,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 72.—In the part. perf.:

scorta,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 12:

exoletum jam vetustate odium,

Liv. 2, 35, 8; cf. id. 27, 8, 9:

mos civitatis (with vetus),

Suet. Galb. 4:

et reconditae voces,

id. Aug. 86:

auctores,

Quint. 8, 2, 12:

histrio,

Vell. 2, 28, 3.— Absol.:

exoleta revocavit, aut etiam nova instituit,

Suet. Claud. 22.

ex-ŏrĭor, ortus, 3 and 4 ( part. fut. act. exorturus, Aug. Civ. D. 17, 14 fin. —The praes. indic. and imperf. subj. acc. to the third conj.:

exoritur,

Lucr. 1, 23; Verg. A. 2, 313; Ov. F. 4, 904 al.:

exoreretur,

Lucr. 2, 507; cf. id. 1, 108; Liv. 27, 27, 3. — Imper.:

exorere,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 16 —v. orior), v. dep. n., to come out or forth, to spring up (esp. suddenly, unexpectedly), to rise (class.).

In gen.

Lit.:

post solstitium Canicula exoritur,

Cic. Div. 2, 44, 93:

exoriens sol,

Verg. G. 1, 438; cf.:

jubare exorto,

id. A. 4, 130:

tu sola exorere, quae, etc.,

spring up, start up, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 16; cf. Lucr. 1, 124; and Cic. Deiot. 1, 3.—

Part. praes. subst., exoriens (sc. sol), the rising sun, the morning (very rare):

qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,

Prop. 3, 5, 27 (4, 4, 27 M.).—To designate a cardinal point, the orient, east:

plantaria facito ab exoriente,

Col. Arb. 3, 3.—

Trop.:

exoritur Antipatri ratio ex altera parte,

springs, arises, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 52:

lex Julia de vi adversus eos exoritur, qui vim commiserint,

Just. Inst. 4, 18, 8:

ego nunc paulum exorior, et maxime quidem iis litteris, etc.,

recover myself, Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1.—

In partic., to arise, proceed, originate, begin, appear, become.

Lit.:

(Nilus) exoriens penitus media ab regione diei,

arising, proceeding, Lucr. 6, 723:

e terraque exorta repente arbusta salirent,

id. 1, 187; cf. ib. 180:

ipse novas assignationes instituit et repentinus Sulla nobis exoritur,

arises, appears, Cic. Agr. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

sic repente anuli beneficio rex exortus est Lydiae (Gyges),

became, id. Off. 3, 9, 38:

exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor,

Verg. A. 4, 625.—

Trop.:

honestum, quod ex virtutibus exoritur,

Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 64; cf.:

horum (decemvirum) ex injustitia subito exorta est maxima perturbatio,

id. Rep. 2, 37:

tot bella repente aliis ex locis exorta sunt,

started up, arose, Liv. 31, 40, 7 Drak.:

a Myrrhina haec sunt exorta omnia,

proceeded from, are owing to, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10:

exorti utero dolores,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 40:

subito exorta est nefaria Catonis promulgatio,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 2; Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

id cum contingit, amor exoriatur necesse est,

Cic. Lael 14, 48:

amicitias exorta aliqua offensione dirumpimus,

id. ib. 22, 85:

exoritur trepidos inter discordia cives,

Verg. A. 12, 583; cf. id. ib. 2, 313;

3, 128: de Praenestinorum defectione fama,

Liv. 6, 21, 9 al.

gĕnus, ĕris, n. [= genos, root GEN, gigno, gens], birth, descent, origin; and concr., a race, stock, etc. (cf.: familia, gens, stirps).

Lit.

In gen.: bono genere gnati, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17; cf.:

ii, qui nobili genere nati sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180:

amplissimo genere natus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 4:

genere regio natus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33:

C. Laelius, cum ei quidam malo genere natus diceret, indignum esse suis majoribus, at hercule, inquit, tu tuis dignus,

id. de Or. 2, 71, 286:

genere et nobilitate et pecunia sui municipii facile primus,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

esse genere divino,

id. Rep. 2, 2:

contempsisti L. Murenae genus, extulisti tuum,

id. Mur. 7, 15:

hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia,

id. Leg. 2, 1, 3; cf. id. Brut. 58, 212; id. Rep. 1, 18:

adulescens, cujus spei nihil praeter genus patricium deesset,

Liv. 6, 34, 11:

in famam generis ac familiae,

Quint. 3, 11, 12; 5, 10, 24:

genus Lentulorum,

id. 6, 3, 67:

Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini,

Verg. A. 5, 568:

fortuna non mutat genus,

Hor. Epod. 4, 6:

virginem plebei generis petiere juvenes, alter virgini genere par, alter, etc.,

Liv. 4, 9, 4:

qui sibi falsum nomen imposuerit, genus parentesve finxerit, etc.,

Plaut. Sent. 5, 25, 11.— Plur.:

summis gnati generibus,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 20.—

In partic., birth, for high or noble birth (mostly poet.):

cum certi propter divitias aut genus aut aliquas opes rem publicam tenent, est factio,

Cic. Rep. 3, 14: pol mihi fortuna magis nunc defit quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 394 Vahl.):

et genus et virtus, nisi cum re vilior alga est,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 8; cf.:

et genus et formam regina pecunia donat,

id. Ep. 1, 6, 37:

non, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te Restituet pietas,

id. C. 4, 7, 23:

jactes et genus et nomen inutile,

id. ib. 1, 14, 13; cf.:

cui genus et quondam nomen natique fuissent,

Verg. A. 5, 621:

nunc jam nobis patribus vobisque plebei promiscuus consulatus patet, nec generis, ut ante, sed virtutis est praemium,

Liv. 7, 32, 14; cf. id. 4, 4, 7.

Transf.

Like gens and stirps, a descendant, offspring, child; and collect., descendants, posterity, race ( poet.): neve tu umquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.):

credo equidem, genus esse deorum,

Verg. A. 4, 12:

Uraniae genus, Hymen,

i. e. her son, Cat. 61, 2:

audax Iapeti,

i. e. his son Prometheus, Hor. C. 1, 3, 27:

Jovis,

i. e. Perseus, Ov. M. 4, 609; cf. also Prop. 2, 2, 9; Hor. C. 2, 14, 18:

genus Adrasti,

i. e. Diomede, grandson of Adrastus, Ov. F. 6, 433;

so of a grandson,

id. M. 2, 743; cf.

nepotum,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 4:

Tantali genus,

id. ib. 2, 18, 37:

Danai,

id. ib. 2, 14, 18:

Messi clarum genus Osci,

id. S. 1, 5, 54:

ab alto Demissum genus Aenea,

i. e. Octavianus, as the adopted son of Julius Cœsar, id. ib. 2, 5, 63:

sive neglectum genus et nepotes Respicis auctor,

i. e. the Romans, id. C. 1, 2, 35; cf. ib. 3, 6, 18:

regium genus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15. —

Of an assemblage of objects (persons, animals, plants, inanimate or abstract things) which are related or belong together in consequence of a resemblance in natural qualities; a race, stock, class, sort, species, kind (in this signif. most freq. in all periods and kinds of writing).

In gen.

Of living things: ne genus humanum temporis longinquitate occideret, propter hoc marem cum femina esse coniunctum, Cic. ap. Col. 12, 1 (Fragm. Cic. 1, 5 Baiter):

quod ex infinita societate generis humani ita contracta res est, etc.,

of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf. id. Rep. 1, 2 fin.:

o deorum quicquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus,

Hor. Epod. 5, 2;

for which: consulere generi hominum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12; cf.:

cum omni hominum genere,

id. ib. 2, 26; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

solivagum genus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 25: potens vir cum inter sui corporis homines tum etiam ad plebem, quod haudquaquam inter id genus contemptor ejus habebatur, i. e. among the Plebeians, Liv. 6, 34, 5: Graium genus, the Grecian race, Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 149 Vahl.):

virtus est propria Romani generis atque seminis,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 13; cf. id. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

Ubii, paulo quam sunt ejusdem generis et ceteris humaniores,

Caes. B. G. 4, 3, 3; cf.

also: impellit alios (Aeduos) iracundia et temeritas, quae maxime illi hominum generi est innata,

race of men, id. ib. 7, 42, 2; so, like gens, of nations, peoples, tribes: ferox, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. s. v. insolens, p. 241 Lind. (Hist. 1, 14 Gerl.); Liv. 34, 7, 6:

implacidum (Genauni),

Hor. C. 4, 14, 10:

durum ac velox (Ligures),

Flor. 2, 3, 4:

omne in paludes diffugerat,

id. 3, 10, 14:

Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 4, 9:

Numidarum,

Liv. 30, 12, 18:

genus omne nomenque Macedonum,

id. 13, 44, 6; Nep. Reg. 2:

Italici generis multi mortales,

Sall. J. 47, 1:

Illyriorum,

Liv. 27, 32, 4; 27, 48, 10; 42, 47 fin.:

Scytharum,

Just. 2, 3, 16; Tac. H. 2, 4; Suet. Ner. 37; Vell. 2, 118, 1.—In plur.:

conventus is, qui ex variis generibus constaret,

Caes. B. C. 2, 36, 1:

olim isti fuit generi quondam quaestus apud saeclum prius... est genus hominum, qui se primos esse omnium rerum volunt,

class of men, profession, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 15 and 17:

firmi et stabiles et constantes (amici), cujus generis est magna penuria,

Cic. Lael. 17, 62:

saepius genus ejus hominis (sc. procuratoris rei publicae) erit in reliqua nobis oratione tractandum,

id. Rep. 2, 29 fin.; cf.:

genus aliud tyrannorum,

id. ib. 1, 44:

judicum genus et forma,

id. Phil. 5, 5, 13:

istius generis asoti,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 23; cf.:

omnium ejus generis poëtarum haud dubie proximus,

Quint. 10, 1, 85:

liberrimum hominum,

id. 10, 12, 2, § 22:

irritabile vatum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 102:

hoc omne (ambubajarum, etc.),

id. S. 1, 2, 2:

hominum virile, muliebre,

Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 35:

equidem fabulam et fictam rem ducebam esse, virorum omne genus in aliqua insula conjuratione muliebri ab stirpe sublatum esse,

Liv. 34, 2, 3:

cedat consulari generi praetorium,

Cic. Planc. 6, 15:

ad militare genus = ad milites,

Liv. 24, 32, 2:

alia militaris generis turba,

id. 44, 45, 13:

castellani, agreste genus,

id. 34, 27, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.— Sing. with plur. predicate:

Ministrantibus sibi omni genere turpium personarum,

Capitol. Ver. 4.—In plur.:

eorum hominum... genera sunt duo,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 1:

tria auditorum,

Quint. 3, 4, 6.— Repeated in the relative-clause:

duo genera semper in hac civitate fuerunt... quibus ex generibus,

Cic. Sest. 45, 96.—In the acc., of description (v. Roby's Gram. 2, p. 42 sq.):

quot et quod genus pastores habendi,

of what kind, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

quod genus ii sunt, etc.,

Auct. Her. 2, 30, 48; cf. in the foll.—

Of animals, plants, etc.: genus altivolantum, the race of birds, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 84 Vahl.); cf.: genu' pennis condecoratum, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 59:

lanigerum, id. Fragm. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. Cyprio, p. 59 Müll.: squamigerum,

Lucr. 1, 162; cf.

piscium,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 9:

silvestre,

Lucr. 5, 1411:

omne ferarum,

id. 5, 1338:

acre leonum,

id. 5, 862:

malefici generis plurima animalia,

Sall. J. 17, 6:

diversum confusa genus panthera camelo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 195:

animantūm propagare genus,

to propagate the race, Lucr. 1, 195:

ad genus faciendum,

Just. 2, 9 fin.:

juxta genus suum,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 11 saep.— Plur.:

quae vero et quam varia genera bestiarum vel cicurum vel ferarum!

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99:

piscium genera,

Quint. 5, 10, 21.—In the acc., of description:

porticus avibus omne genus oppletae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 11:

pascuntur omne genus objecto frumento,

id. ib. 3, 6:

boves et id genus pecua,

App. M. 2, p. 115, 4; id. Flor. p. 37. —

Of inanim. and abstr. things, kind, sort, description, class, order, character:

genus ullum materiaï,

Lucr. 2, 304:

cum is (sol) quoque efficiat, ut omnia floreant et in suo quaeque genere pubescant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 41:

naves omni genere armorum ornatissimae,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 2:

cibi genus,

id. ib. 4, 1, 9:

cum omni genere commeatus,

Liv. 30, 36, 2:

frugum,

id. 38, 15, 9:

hoc sphaerae genus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

hoc triplex rerum publicarum genus,

id. ib. 2, 23:

regale civitatis,

id. ib.; cf.:

totum regiae civitatis,

id. ib. 2, 29:

novum imperii,

id. ib. 2, 32:

ipsum istud genus orationis exspecto,

id. ib. 1, 24 fin.; cf.: dulce orationis, id. Or. 13, 42:

qua re esset hoc bellum genere ipso necessarium,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; cf.:

genus hoc erat pugnae, quo, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4:

potestas annua (consulum) genere ipso ac jure regia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32:

genus vitae... genus aetatis,

id. Off. 1, 32, 117:

optimum emendandi,

Quint. 10, 4, 2:

dicendi,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3; Quint. 8, 3, 56; 12, 10, 69:

simplex rectumque loquendi,

id. 9, 3, 3:

omnis generis tormenta,

Liv. 32, 16, 10:

praeda ingens omnis generis,

id. 27, 5, 9; so,

omnis generis, with tela,

id. 38, 26, 4;

with naves,

id. 34, 8, 5;

with eloquentia,

id. 39, 40, 7, etc.—Repeated in the relative-clause:

erat haec (ratio) ex eodem genere, quod ego maxime genus ex sociorum litteris reperire cupiebam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183.—In plur.:

Caesar haec genera munitionis instituit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72, 1:

disserere de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 26;

28: genera juris institutorum, morum consuetudinumque describere,

id. ib. 3, 10:

genera furandi,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 18.—In the acc., of description: omne, hoc, id, quod genus, for omnis, ejus, hujus, cujus generis, of every, of this, of which kind:

sub urbe hortum omne genus, coronamenta omne genus,

Cato, R. R. 8, 2; Varr. R. R. 1, 29, 1:

omne genus simulacra feruntur,

Lucr. 4, 735:

si hoc genus rebus non proficitur,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 23; id. L. L. 9, § 110 Müll.; Lucr. 6, 917 and Hor. S. 2, 6, 44:

in id genus verbis,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 79; 8, 7, 108, § 17:

in id genus libris,

Gell. 3, 8, 1:

scis me ante orationes aut aliquid id genus solitum scribere,

Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3:

vitanda sunt illa, quae propinqua videntur: quod genus, fidentiae contrarium est diffidentia, etc.,

for example, id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; so ib. 2, 52, 157; 2, 54, 162; 2, 57, 172; Lucr. 4, 271; 6, 1058:

lege jus est id quod populi jussu sanctum est, quod genus: ut in jus eas cum voceris,

Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19; cf.

ib. sqq.— In gen.: i. q. res or aliquid: ut in omni genere hujus populi (Graeci) consuetudinem videretur imitatus,

in all respects, in everything, Cic. Rep. 2, 20; cf.:

innumerabiles res sunt, in quibus te quotidie in omni genere desiderem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 2 fin.:

incredibile est, quam me in omni genere delectarit,

id. Att. 16, 5, 2:

medici assiduitas et tota domus in omni genere diligens,

id. ib. 12, 33, 2;

7, 1, 2: qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est, is ineptus dicitur,

in any respect whatever, id. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

qua de re et de hoc genere toto pauca cognosce,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 4.—Adverb.: in genus, in general, generally:

sermones in genus communes,

Gell. 4, 1 fin. —

In partic.

In philos. lang., opp. partes, and comprising them within itself, a general term, logical genus:

genus est id, quod sui similes communione quadam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189; cf.: genus est, quod plures partes amplectitur, ut animal;

pars est, quae subest generi, ut equus. Sed saepe eadem res alii genus, alii pars est: nam homo animalis pars est, Thebani aut Trojani genus,

id. de Inv. 1, 22, 32: genus est, quod partes aliquas amplectitur, ut cupiditas;

pars est, quae subest generi, ut cupiditati amor, avaritia,

id. ib. 1, 28, 42; cf.

also: genus est notio ad plures differentias pertinens,

id. Top. 7, 31:

nec vero sine philosophorum disciplina genus et speciem cujusque rei cernere neque eam definiendo explicare nec tribuere in partes possumus, etc.,

id. Or. 4, 16; cf. ib. 33, 117:

formae dicendi specie dispares, genere laudabiles,

id. de Or. 3, 9, 34:

perturbationes sunt genere quatuor, partibus plures,

id. Tusc. 3, 11, 24; cf. ib. 5, 25, 71:

et conjuncta quaeremus, et genera et partes generibus subjectas, et similitudines, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 39, 166;

opp. species and pars,

Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3.—

In gram., gender: transversi sunt (ordines) qui ab recto casu obliqui declinantur, ut albus, albi, albo;

directi sunt, qui ab recto casu in rectos declinantur, ut albus, alba, album. Transversorum ordinum partes appellantur casus, directorum genera: utrisque inter se implicatis forma,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 22 Müll.:

quod ad verborum temporalium rationem attinet, cum partes sint quatuor: temporum, personarum, generum, divisionum, etc.,

ib. 9, § 95:

in nominibus tria genera,

Quint. 1, 4, 23:

barbarismum fieri per numeros aut genera,

id. 1, 5, [p. 811] 16;

9, 3, 6: in verbis quoque quis est adeo imperitus, ut ignoret genera et qualitates, etc.,

id. 1, 4, 27.

gĕnus, ūs, v. genu.

ĭmāgo, ĭnis, f. [cf. imitor], an imitation, copy of a thing, an image, likeness (i. e. a picture, statue, mask, an apparition, ghost, phantom; the latter only poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: simulacrum, effigies, statua, sigillum): imago ab imitatione dicta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 112 Müll.; cf.: imago dicitur quasi imitago, Porphyr. Hor. C. 1, 12, 4.

Lit.

In gen., a representation, likeness (usu. of a person), statue, bust, picture:

Spartiates Agesilaus neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam passus est esse... unus Xenophontis libellus in eo rege laudando facile omnes imagines omnium statuasque superavit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

Demosthenes, cujus nuper inter imagines tuas ac tuorum imaginem ex aere vidi,

id. Or. 31, 110:

Epicuri in poculis et in anulis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3: hominis imaginem gypso e facie ipsa primus omnium expressit ceraque in eam formam gypsi infusa emendare instituit Lysistratus Sicyonius, Plin. 35, 12, 44, § 153:

Africani,

Cic. Rep. 6, 10:

mulieris,

Quint. 7, 7, 5:

Antigoni,

id. 2, 13, 12:

depictam in tabula sipariove imaginem rei,

id. 6, 1, 32:

si in tabula mea aliquis pinxerit velut imaginem,

Gai. Inst. 2, 78:

cereae,

Hor. Epod. 17, 76; id. S. 1, 8, 43:

ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra,

Juv. 7, 29:

hoc tibi sub nostra breve carmen imagine vivat,

Mart. 9, 1:

epistula atque imago me certum fecit,

i. e. the image on the seal, the signet, Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 35; 4, 2, 29; 4, 7, 105:

nunc amici anne inimici sis imago, Alcesime, mihi, sciam,

i. e. will act like a friend, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 1.—

A phantom, ghost, apparition:

infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae Visa mihi ante oculos et nota major imago,

Verg. A. 2, 773; cf.:

et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago,

shade, spirit, Verg. A. 4, 654; Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 6; cf. id. ib. 1:

non vanae redeat sanguis imagini,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 15:

(somnus) Vanum nocturnis fallit imaginibus,

Tib. 3, 4, 56; cf. Hor. C. 3, 27, 40; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Calig. 50:

te videt in somnis, tua sacra et major imago humana turbat pavidum,

Juv. 13, 221:

quid natum totiens falsis Ludis imaginibus?

phantoms, Verg. A. 1, 408:

ubique pavor et plurima mortis imago,

id. ib. 2, 369; cf.:

repetitaque mortis imago,

Ov. M. 10, 726:

lurida mortis imago,

Petr. 123, v. 257:

varia pereuntium forma et omni imagine mortium,

Tac. H. 3, 28:

caesorum insepultorumque,

id. A. 1, 62:

supremorum (i. e. funeris) imago,

id. H. 4, 45.— Poet.:

genitiva (with forma),

natural shape, figure, Ov. M. 3, 331; so,

rudis et sine imagine tellus (= informis),

shapeless, id. ib. 1, 87.—

In partic., an ancestral image of a distinguished Roman (of one who had been aedile, praetor, or consul; usually made of wax, and placed in the atrium of a Roman house, and carried in funeral processions.—

In plur.: obrepsisti ad honores errore hominum, commendatione fumosarum imaginum, quarum simile habes nihil praeter colorem, of smoky (i. e. old) ancestral images, Cic. Pis. 1, 1; cf. Sen. Ben. 3, 28, 1; Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6:

si quid deliquero, nullae sunt imagines, quae me a vobis deprecentur,

no ancestors of distinction, Cic. Agr. 2, 36, 100; cf.:

quia imagines non habeo et quia mihi nova nobilitas est,

Sall. J. 85, 25:

qui imagines familiae suae consecuti sunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 1, 1:

homo veteris prosapiae ac multarum imaginum,

Sall. J. 85, 10:

majorum imagines,

id. ib. 5, 5; Suet. Vesp. 1:

multis in familia senatoriis imaginibus,

id. Aug. 4:

esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

Hor. Epod. 8, 11:

qui stupet in titulis et imaginibus,

id. S. 1, 6, 17; Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6 sqq.; Prop. 2, 13, 19; Suet. Vesp. 19.—

In sing. (rare):

jus imaginis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:

imaginis ornandae causa,

id. Sest. 8, 19:

vir honoratissimae imaginis futurus ad posteros,

Liv. 3, 58, 2:

clarum hac fore imagine Scaptium,

would become an aristocrat, id. 3, 72, 4, v. Weissenb. ad loc.:

Tunc Cotta ne imago Libonis exsequias posterorum comitaretur censuit,

Tac. A. 2, 32.

Transf., a reverberation of sound, an echo (mostly poet.):

(mellaria facere oportet) potissimum ubi non resonent imagines,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

concava pulsu Saxa sonant, vocisque offensa resultat imago,

Verg. G. 4, 50; cf. Sil. 14, 365:

alternae deceptus imagine vocis: Huc coëamus ait... Coëamus retulit Echo,

Ov. M. 3, 385:

cujus recinit jocosa Nomen imago,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 4; so,

jocosa Vaticani montis,

id. ib. 1, 20, 8:

vaga,

Val. Fl. 3, 596.

Trop.

In gen., an image or likeness of a thing formed in the mind, a conception, thought, imagination, idea:

Scipionis memoriam atque imaginem sibi proponere,

Cic. Lael. 27, 102:

magnam partem noctium in imagine tua vigil exigo,

Plin. Ep. 7, 5, 1:

Verginium cogito, Verginium video, Verginium jam vanis imaginibus audio,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12: imagines, quae eidôla nominant, quorum incursione non solum videmus, sed etiam cogitamus, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 21; cf.:

imagines extrinsecus in animos nostros per corpus irrumpere,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125: plena sunt imaginum omnia, nulla species cogitari potest nisi pulsu imaginum, etc.; id. Div. 2, 67, 137 sq.: unum aliquem te ex barbatis illis, exemplum imperii veteris, imaginem antiquitatis, columen rei publicae diceres intueri, an image of the olden time, id. Sest. 8, 19; cf.:

expressam imaginem vitae quotidianae videre,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

quidnam illi consules dictatoresve facturi essent, qui proconsularem imaginem tam saevam ac trucem fecerint, i. e. by cruelty in office,

Liv. 5, 2, 9:

naturae... urbis et populi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 39 fin.:

justitiae,

Quint. 2, 20, 6:

virtutis,

id. 10, 2, 15:

similitudines ad exprimendas rerum imagines compositae,

id. 8, 3, 72: illae rerum imagines, quas vocari phantasias indicavimus, id. 10, 7, 15:

conscripta formantur imagine templa,

plans, Stat. S. 3, 1, 117:

scipione determinata prius templi imagine in solo,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 15:

tua, pater Druse, imago,

memory, Tac. A. 1, 13:

magna illic imago tristium laetorumque,

recollection, id. ib. 2, 53:

si te nulla movet tantae pietatis imago,

Verg. A. 6, 405.—

In partic.

In rhet., a figurative representation, similitude, comparison:

comparabile est, quod in rebus diversis similem aliquam rationem continet. Ejus partes sunt tres: imago, collatio, exemplum. Imago est oratio demonstrans corporum aut naturarum similitudinem, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49; cf.:

imago est formae cum forma cum quadam similitudine collatio,

Auct. Her. 4, 49, 62; Sen. Ep. 59, 92; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Hor. S. 2, 3, 320; id. Ep. 1, 7, 34.—

With the idea predominating of mere imitation, in opp. to what is original or real, a mere form, image, semblance, appearance, shadow:

consectatur nullam eminentem effigiem virtutis, sed adumbratam imaginem gloriae,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 3:

nos veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus: umbra et imaginibus utimur,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69; cf.:

non in umbra et imagine civitatis, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 30; and:

umbram equitis Romani et imaginem videtis,

id. Rab. Post. 15, 41:

haec ars tota dicendi, sive artis imago quaedam est et similitudo, habet hanc vim, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 87, 356:

judiciorum,

only the appearance of courts, id. Sest. 13, 30; cf.:

imaginem rei publicae nullam reliquissent,

id. Agr. 2, 32, 88:

his quoque imaginibus juris spretis,

Liv. 41, 8, 10:

imaginem retinendi largiendive penes nos, vim penes Parthos,

Tac. A. 15, 14:

habitu et ore ad exprimendam imaginem honesti exercitus,

the pretence, id. ib. 16, 32; 6, 27; id. H. 1, 84; 3, 70:

qui faciem eloquentiae, non imaginem praestaret,

id. Or. 34:

nec imagine rerum, sed rebus incendit,

Quint. 10, 1, 16:

in falsa rerum imagine detineri,

id. 10, 5, 17; cf.:

nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine, quam quod illi (hermae) marmoreum caput est, tua vivit imago,

Juv. 8, 55.—

A representative: non in effigies mutas divinum (Augusti) spiritum transfusum;

sed imaginem veram, caelesti sanguine ortam, intellegere discrimen, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 52.—

That which suggests or recalls something by resemblance, a reminder:

me consolatur recordatio meorum temporum, quorum imaginem video in rebus tuis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:

a Corbulone petierat, ne quam imaginem servitii Tiridates perferret,

nothing to suggest slavery, Tac. A. 15, 31; cf.:

moriar, si praeter te quemquam reliquum habeo, in quo possim imaginem antiquae et vernaculae festivitatis adgnoscere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2.

in-nŏvo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to renew, alter.

Lit.:

plurima innovare instituit,

Dig. 1, 2, 2 fin. —So in part. pass.: innŏ-vātus, a, um, renewed, Min. Fel. Oct. 11 fin.; Lact. 7, 22 med. —

Transf.: se ad aliquam rem, to return to a thing:

se ad suam intemperantiam,

Cic. Pis. 36, 89.—As a translation of kainiei, Vulg. Eccli. 38, 30: vox mallei innovat aurem, the noise of the hammer is ever in his ears.

in-nŏvo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to renew, alter.

Lit.:

plurima innovare instituit,

Dig. 1, 2, 2 fin. —So in part. pass.: innŏ-vātus, a, um, renewed, Min. Fel. Oct. 11 fin.; Lact. 7, 22 med. —

Transf.: se ad aliquam rem, to return to a thing:

se ad suam intemperantiam,

Cic. Pis. 36, 89.—As a translation of kainiei, Vulg. Eccli. 38, 30: vox mallei innovat aurem, the noise of the hammer is ever in his ears.

lăcūnar, āris (nom. lacūnārĭum, Isid. Orig. 15, 8, 6; gen. plur. lacunariorum for lacunarium, Vitr. 4, 3, 1 al.; dat. plur. lacunariis, id. 5, 2), n. [lacuna], a wainscoted and gilded ceiling of an unvaulted chamber, a panel-ceiling, a ceiling (so called from its sunken spaces;

class.),

Vitr. 7, 2:

non ebur neque aureum Mea renidet in domo lacunar,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 2:

gladium e lacunari seta equina aptum demitti jussit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62: primus lacunaria pingere instituit (Polygnotus), Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 124.—Prov.:

spectare lacunar,

to gaze at the ceiling, to be wilfully blind, Juv. 1, 56.—

Plur.: lăcūnārĭa, ōrum (-arium, App. Flor. 18, p. 83), n., panels of the under surface of a cornice, Vitr. 4, 3, 1; 7, 2, 2; 5, 2, 1; Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 124.

lăcūnar, āris (nom. lacūnārĭum, Isid. Orig. 15, 8, 6; gen. plur. lacunariorum for lacunarium, Vitr. 4, 3, 1 al.; dat. plur. lacunariis, id. 5, 2), n. [lacuna], a wainscoted and gilded ceiling of an unvaulted chamber, a panel-ceiling, a ceiling (so called from its sunken spaces;

class.),

Vitr. 7, 2:

non ebur neque aureum Mea renidet in domo lacunar,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 2:

gladium e lacunari seta equina aptum demitti jussit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62: primus lacunaria pingere instituit (Polygnotus), Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 124.—Prov.:

spectare lacunar,

to gaze at the ceiling, to be wilfully blind, Juv. 1, 56.—

Plur.: lăcūnārĭa, ōrum (-arium, App. Flor. 18, p. 83), n., panels of the under surface of a cornice, Vitr. 4, 3, 1; 7, 2, 2; 5, 2, 1; Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 124.

līcium, ĭi, n., the thrum or leash, the ends of a web to which those of the new piece are fastened.

Lit.:

licia telae Addere,

i. e. to weave, Verg. G. 1, 285:

adnectit licia telis,

Tib. 1, 6, 79:

plurimis liciis texere, quae polymita appellant, Alexandria instituit,

Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196.—

Transf.

A thread of the web:

per licia texta querelas Edidit et tacitis mandavit crimina telis,

Aus. Ep. 23, 14.—

A thread of any thing woven:

licia dependent longas velantia sepes,

Ov. F. 3, 267:

cinerem fici cum aluta inligatum licio e collo suspendere,

Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 125.—Often used in charms and spells:

tum cantata ligat cum fusco licia rhombo,

Ov. F. 2, 575:

terna tibi haec primum triplici diversa colore Licia circumdo,

Verg. E. 8, 73; Plin. 28, 4, 12, § 48.—As an ornament for the head, worn by women: licia crinibus addunt, Prud. ap. Symm. 2, 1104.—

A small girdle or belt around the abdomen; so in the law phrase: per lancem et licium furta concipere, i. e. to search in a house for stolen property; this was done per licium, with which the person making the search was covered, and per lancem, which he held before his face, in order not to be recognized by the women. This lanx was perforated. He was clothed [p. 1064] with a licium instead of his usual garments, that he might not be suspected of having brought in his clothes that which he might find and recognize as stolen property, Gell. 11, 18, 9; 16, 10; v. lanx.

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.

Attributively.

As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.

Vir bonus.

A man morally good (kalos kagathos):

quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:

ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,

id. Off. 3, 15, 64:

qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,

id. Att. 7, 2, 4:

ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:

nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,

id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—

An honest man:

justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;

3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,

id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—

A man of good standing in the community:

id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,

Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:

tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,

Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;

37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:

vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:

praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—

Ironically of bad men:

sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:

expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,

Cic. Cael. 26, 63:

nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,

id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;

so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:

quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—

Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):

bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?

Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—

As a conventional courtesy:

homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

bone accusator,

id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:

sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,

gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—

Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:

in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—

With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:

bonus consul,

Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):

boni tribuni plebis,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:

bonus senator,

id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:

senator bonus,

id. Dom. 4, 8:

bonus judex,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:

bonus augur (ironically),

id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:

bonus vates,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:

bonus imperator,

Sall. C. 60, 4:

bonus dux,

Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:

naturam, optimam ducem,

the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):

bonus miles,

Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:

bonus orator,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

optimus orator,

id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:

poeta bonus,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

scriptor bonus,

Quint. 10, 1, 104:

bonus advocatus,

id. 5, 13, 10:

bonus defensor,

id. 5, 13, 3:

bonus altercator,

a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:

bonus praeceptor,

id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:

bonus gubernator,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

optimus opifex,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

sutor bonus,

id. ib. 1, 3, 125:

actor optimus,

Cic. Sest. 57, 122:

cantor optimus est modulator,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:

melior gladiator,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

bonus paterfamilias,

a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

bonus servus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:

dominus bonus,

Cato, R. R. 14:

bonus custos,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:

filius bonus,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:

patres,

Quint. 11, 3, 178:

parens,

id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:

uxor melior,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

amicus,

id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

amicus optimus,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:

optimus testis,

Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:

auctor, in two senses,

good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;

and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),

Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:

bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,

id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:

optimus et fortissimus civis,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—

Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.

In gen.:

sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:

fata... bonique divi,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:

divis orte bonis,

id. ib. 4, 5, 1:

O bone deus!

Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—

Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:

(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:

Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 36, 87:

in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,

id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,

id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—

Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:

di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:

di boni, boni quid porto!

Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:

di boni, quid hoc morbi est,

id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!

Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—

Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—

Optimus as a laudatory epithet.

Vir optimus:

per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,

Cic. Sest. 1, 2:

virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,

id. ib. 35, 76:

fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,

id. ib.:

consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,

id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—

Femina bona, optima:

tua conjunx bona femina,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,

id. ib. —

Senex, pater, frater, etc.:

optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97:

insuevit pater optimus hoc me,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:

C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—

With proper names ( poet.):

optimus Vergilius,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:

Maecenas optimus,

id. ib. 1, 5, 27:

optime Quinti,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—

Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:

quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?

Plin. Pan. 2, 7:

gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!

Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:

ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:

bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,

Ov. F. 2, 637:

optime Romulae Custos gentis,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—

Bonus and Bona, names of deities.

Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):

Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,

Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.

in mal. part.,

Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—

Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—

Bona Fortuna:

si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:

Bonae Fortunae (signum),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:

FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,

Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —

Bona Spes:

Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:

BONAE SPEI,

Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—

BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:

Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,

Prop. 3, 24, 19.

With nouns denoting things.

Things concrete, denoting excellence:

navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,

Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,

id. ib. 76, 14:

id vinum erit lene et bono colore,

Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:

tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,

Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:

per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,

id. ib. 73; cf.:

bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,

Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:

praedium bonum caelum habeat,

good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:

bona tempestate,

in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

(praedium) solo bono valeat,

by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:

bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:

villam bonam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

bonus pons,

Cat. 17, 5:

scyphi optimi (= optime facti),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

perbona toreumata,

id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §

38: bona domicilia,

comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

agrum Meliorem nemo habet,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

fundum meliorem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:

equus melior,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

bona cena,

Cat. 13, 3:

boni nummi,

good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

super omnia vultus accessere boni,

good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:

mulier bona forma,

of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:

equus formae melioris,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:

tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,

fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:

fruges bonae,

Cat. 34, 19:

ova suci melioris,

of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:

animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:

bonum omen, 2. e.),

Quint. 6, 3, 69:

scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,

good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,

bona firmaque vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 13.—

Things abstract.

Of physical well-being:

ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:

non bonus somnus de prandio est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

bona aetas,

prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:

optima aetate,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:

bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—

Of the mind and soul:

meliore esse sensu,

Cic. Sest. 21, 47:

optima indoles,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

bona conscientia,

Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:

bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,

with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:

mens melior,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:

duos optimae indolis filios,

Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:

bonum consilium,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

bona voluntas,

a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:

memoria bona,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

bonae rationes,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:

pronuntiatio bona,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—

Of moral relations:

ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;

v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,

Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:

fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,

of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:

bona studia,

moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:

quidquid vita meliore parasti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:

Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,

Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—

Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:

bono usui estis nulli,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

Optumo optume optumam operam das,

id. Am. 1, 1, 122:

bonam dedistis mihi operam,

a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;

v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

bonum otium,

valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:

bonis versibus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

versus meliores,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

meliora poemata,

Hor. A. P. 303:

in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

optimas fabulas,

id. Off. 1, 31, 114:

melius munus,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—

Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:

de Procilio rumores non boni,

unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:

bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,

about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:

si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,

id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.

fortuna optima esse,

to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:

occasio tam bona,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:

senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:

bona navigatio,

id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:

ego sum spe bona,

Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

optima spe,

id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;

v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,

more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:

melior interpretatio,

Tac. H. 3, 65:

cum laude et bonis recordationibus,

id. A. 4, 38:

amnis Doctus iter melius,

i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:

omen bonum,

a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.

Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,

Ov. F. 1, 221;

optimum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

bona scaeva,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:

auspicio optumo,

id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:

memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—

Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

optima res publica,

id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

minus bonis temporibus,

id. Dom. 4, 8; so,

optimis temporibus,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:

lex optima,

id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—

Good = large, considerable:

bono atque amplo lucro,

Plaut. Am. prol. 6:

bona librorum copia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:

bona copia cornu,

Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—

Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:

si bono genere natus sit,

Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—

Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.

Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:

primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:

bona tua venia dixerim,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,

Liv. 7, 41, 3:

obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,

id. 6, 40, 10:

cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,

id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.

. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—

Bona pax, without quarrelling:

bona pax sit potius,

let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;

so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,

without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—

Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:

igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,

Sall. J. 5, 5.—

Bona societas, alliance:

Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,

Tac. A. 1, 58.

In particular phrases.

Bonae res.

= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:

concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:

optimis rebus usus est,

he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—

= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:

bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:

in bonis rebus,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —

Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:

homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,

who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —

Costly things, articles of luxury:

capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:

nimium rei bonae,

id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:

ignorantia bonarum rerum,

Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:

re bona copiosum esse,

Gell. 16, 19, 7.—

Moral, morally good:

illi cum res non bonas tractent,

Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:

ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,

id. ib. 1, 4, 15:

quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?

id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:

quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,

id. Sen. 18, 65.—

In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:

res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:

studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,

Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—

Bonae artes.

A good, laudable way of dealing:

qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,

Sall. C. 2, 9:

huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

id. ib. 11, 2:

quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,

Tac. A. 6, 46.—

Liberal arts and sciences:

litteris aut ulli bonae arti,

Quint. 12, 1, 7:

conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,

Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:

optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—

Bona fides, or fides bona.

Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:

dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:

si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—

Jurid. t. t.

Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:

ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;

41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,

ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,

Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:

actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,

Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:

quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—

Bona verba.

Kind words:

Bona verba quaeso,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—

Words of good omen (v. omen):

dicamus bona verba,

Tib. 2, 2, 1:

dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,

Ov. F. 2, 638.—

Elegant or well-chosen expressions:

quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,

Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:

verborum bonorum cursu,

id. Brut. 66, 233:

omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,

Quint. 10, 1, 9.—

Moral sayings:

non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —

Bona dicta.

Polite, courteous language:

hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—

Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:

dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,

id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—

Bona facta.

= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:

nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),

Tac. A. 3, 40.—

Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):

bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:

haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,

id. ib. 45.— Hence,

Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:

peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,

Suet. Caes. 80:

et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,

id. Vit. 14:

hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,

Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:

o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,

Tert. Pud. 1.—

Bona gratia.

A friendly understanding:

cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,

per gratiam bonam abire,

to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—

Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—

Bona pars.

The well-disposed part of a body of persons:

ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,

Liv. 21, 4, 1:

pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,

id. 7, 21, 6.—

The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):

civem bonarum partium,

Cic. Sest. 32, 77:

(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,

id. Cael. 6, 13:

qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,

Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—

Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):

bonam partem ad te adtulit,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:

bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,

Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:

bonam magnamque partem exercitus,

Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:

bona pars noctium,

Quint. 12, 11, 19:

bona pars hominum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:

meae vocis... bona pars,

id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:

melior pars diei,

Verg. A. 9, 156.—

Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:

nostri melior pars animus est,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:

quae pars optima est in homine,

best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:

Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,

Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—

Adverb.:

bonam partem = ex magna parte,

Lucr. 6, 1249.—

Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:

Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,

id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:

quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—

Dies bonus or bona.

A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):

tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:

nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,

Ov. F. 1, 72.—

A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—

Bonus mos.

Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:

nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:

domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,

Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,

Liv. 34, 6, 9:

mores meliores,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—

Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:

ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:

neglegentia boni moris,

Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:

conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,

in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —

Adverbial phrases.

Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.

To be of good cheer or courage:

bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,

Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:

animo bono es,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:

bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,

Varr. R. R. 1, 26:

bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:

bono animo esse jubere eam consul,

Liv. 39, 13, 7:

habe modo bonum animum,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:

habe animum bonum,

id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:

bonum animum habe,

Liv. 45, 8, 5:

clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,

id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—

Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:

audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:

quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—

Bonus animus, good temper, patience:

bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:

vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,

Ov. M. 9, 433.—

Bono modo.

= placide, with composure, moderation:

si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,

Cato, R. R. 5:

haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—

In a decent manner:

neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —

Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:

te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:

ut jure optimo me deserere posses,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:

ne jure optimo irrideamur,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;

similarly, optimo judicio,

Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.

As subst.

bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.

In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.

Plur.:

bonis quod bene fit haud perit,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,

Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:

oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:

tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:

quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—

Sing.:

malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:

nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:

qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—

Bonus, a man of honor.

A brave man:

pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:

libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,

Sall. C. 33, 5:

fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):

fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,

Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —

A gentleman:

quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?

Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—

Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.

In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;

so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,

Cic. Sest. 16, 38:

audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,

id. ib. 47, 100:

ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,

id. Pis. 2, 4:

etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:

maledictis increpat omnes bonos,

Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,

optimi,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:

bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,

id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—

Without reference to political views;

opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:

semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,

Sall. C. 37, 3:

elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,

Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:

ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:

da locum melioribus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—

Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—

Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.

Referring to morality:

esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,

every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:

qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,

id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:

quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?

Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—

Of the educated classes:

adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:

Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,

Sall. C. 34, 2:

optimo cuique infesta libertas,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—

Honorable, brave:

optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,

Sall. J. 92, 8.—

In gen., excellent:

optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,

Sall. C. 8, 5.—

Distributively:

ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—

Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):

hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—

Attributively, with a noun:

optimam quamque causam,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

optima quaeque dies,

Verg. G. 3, 66.

bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.

Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;

nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:

quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,

id. Par. 1, 1, 9:

ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

non-est igitur voluptas bonum,

id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:

sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—

Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:

quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:

multa bona vobis volt facere,

will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:

tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

multa tibi di dent bona,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:

omnia Bona dicere,

to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:

sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,

id. ib. 5, 41, 120:

nihil enim boni nosti,

nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:

mala pro bonis legere dementia est,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:

quia bonum sit valere,

a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):

melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,

id. Lael. 6, 20:

meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,

id. Or. 1, 10, 43:

optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,

id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;

v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,

to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:

ad melius transcurrere,

to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—

Bonum or bona, prosperity:

fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:

nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:

unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:

quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),

Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—

Good qualities, gifts:

omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:

magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,

id. Cael. 5, 11:

hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,

id. ib. 17, 39:

non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,

id. Balb. 28, 63:

gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,

id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—

Advantage, benefit:

si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,

Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:

saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,

id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:

maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,

Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:

hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—

With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:

si bonum aequomque oras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:

si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:

a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:

istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,

I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—

Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.

In gen.:

paterna oportet reddi filio bona,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:

bona sua med habiturum omnia,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,

Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,

id. ib. 30, 65:

bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,

id. Caecin. 13, 38:

at mulctantur bonis exsules,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—

Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.

Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—

Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:

postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,

Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:

edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,

Liv. 2, 24, 6:

bona proscribere,

to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—

Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—

In bonis esse;

with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),

Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:

neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,

ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.

Predicative use.

With nouns or pronouns as subjects.

Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:

nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:

bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:

itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:

Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,

Sall. C. 54, 5:

ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —

To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:

jam istuc non bonumst,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:

oleum viridius et melius fiet,

id. ib. 3:

vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,

to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:

quid est homini salute melius?

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,

id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:

quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?

Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,

id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:

meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,

Liv. 2, 51, 3:

parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,

Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:

si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:

quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,

Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;

3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;

and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—

To be kind:

bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:

hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—

With reference to the gods:

ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:

Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),

Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—

Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).

Without a subject:

bonum sit!

may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—

With subject inf.:

nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:

bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,

id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—

Melius est.

With subject inf.:

melius sanam est mentem sumere,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:

nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,

Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,

melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,

it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:

proinde quiesse erit melius,

Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—

With subject inf.-clause:

meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—

With ut-clause:

quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—

With subjectclause in the subjunctive:

nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—

Optimum est.

With subject inf.:

optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,

Liv. 23, 34, 8:

si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—

With inf.-clause:

constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—

With ut and subj:

hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—

With quod:

illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:

optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,

id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—

With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):

sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:

optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 30:

optumum factu credens exercitum augere,

Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).

Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:

di melius duint,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:

di meliora velint!

Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:

di meliora! inquit,

Cic. Sen. 14, 47:

id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,

Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;

similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,

Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.

With object expressed,

By dat.

= good, useful, beneficial for:

ambula, id lieni optumum est,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:

quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,

Verg. G. 2, 447.—

= benignus or propitius, kind to:

vicinis bonus esto,

Cato, R. R. 4:

bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:

vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,

Verg. A. 12, 647.—

= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:

qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,

Cato, R. R. 6:

tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,

id. ib. 26:

terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,

Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—

With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:

accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,

Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:

quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

cui bono fuisset,

id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.

ellipt. form cui bono?

Prisc. p. 1208 P.—

With dat. gerund:

ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,

Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,

Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—

By ad and acc.:

refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,

Varr. R. R. 1, 91:

occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,

Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 14.

mĕtallum, i, n., = metallon, a mine or quarry, of gold, silver, iron, or stone; voc. metalle, as if from metallus, Spart. Pesc. Nig. 126.

Lit., the place where metals are dug, a mine:

metalla vetera intermissa recoluit, et nova multis locis instituit,

Liv. 39, 24:

sandaracae,

Vitr. 7, 7, 5:

aurifera,

gold-mines, Luc. 3, 209:

silicum,

stone-quarry, id. 4, 304:

miniarium,

Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 118:

praeter annuum, quod ex metallis regiis capia, vectigal,

Liv. 42, 12: herba tantae suavitatis, ut metallum esse coeperit, a mine, i. e. that a tax was raised from it as from a mine, Plin. 21, 7, 20, § 44: damnare in metallum, to condemn to labor in the mines or quarries:

damnatus in metallum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

condemnare aliquem ad metalla,

Suet. Calig. 27:

mediocrium delictorum poenae sunt metallum, ludus, deportatio,

Paul. Sent. 5, 17, 3; 5, 3, 5:

dare aliquem in metallum,

Dig. 48, 19, 8:

metallo plecti,

ib. 47, 11, 7:

puniri,

ib. 48, 13, 6.—

Transf., the product of a mine or quarry.

A metal, as gold, silver, or iron:

ubicumque una inventa vena argenti est, non procul invenitur alia. Hoc quidem et in omni fere materia: unde metalla Graeci videntur dixisse,

Plin. 33. 6, 31, §

96: auri,

Verg. A. 8, 445:

potior metallis libertas,

i. e. gold and silver, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 39:

aeris,

Verg. G. 2, 165:

pejoraque saecula ferri temporibus, quorum... nomen a nullo posuit natura metallo,

Juv. 13, 30.—

Other things dug from the earth.

Marble, Stat. S. 4, 3, 98.—

Precious stone:

radiantium metalla gemmarum,

Pacat. Pan. 4.—

Chalk:

admiscetur creta... Campani negant alicam confici sine eo metallo posse,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 114.—

Sulphur:

utque est ingenium vivacis metalli (sulphuris),

App. M. 9. p. 228, 23.—

Salt:

metallum fragile,

Prud. Hamart. 744.—

Trop., metal, stuff, material:

saecula meliore metallo,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 184:

mores meliore metallo,

id. Cons. Mall. Theod. 137.