ubi-que

plērusque, răque, rumque, adj. [a strengthened form from plerus], very many, a very great part, the most, most (rare in sing., and only in Sall. and post-class. writers; but in plur. freq. in all periods and styles).

Plur.:

habent hunc morem plerique argentarii,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 7:

pleraeque hae (meretrices) sub vestimentis secum habebant retia,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 32; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 38:

multi nihil prodesse philosophiam, plerique etiam obesse arbitrantur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:

ut plerique meministis,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

plerique Belgae,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

pleraeque boves,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

pleraque tecta... alia, etc.,

Liv. 27, 3.—With ex and abl.:

plerique e Graecis,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 8:

plerisque ex factione ejus corruptis,

Sall. J. 29, 2.—With omnes, almost all: plerique omnes subiguntur sub suum judicium, Naev. ap. Don. ad Ter. And. 1, 1, 28 (Naev. Klussmann, p. 80):

plerique omnes adulescentuli,

id. ib. 1, 1, 28; cf.:

dixi pleraque omnia,

id. Heaut. 4, 7, 2.—Less emphatically, a considerable part, very many:

rapti e publico plerique, plures in tabernis intercepti,

Tac. H. 1, 86; so,

like plures: non dubito fore plerosque, qui hoc genus scripturae leve judicent, Nep. praef. 1: pleraque testimonia,

id. Tim. 4, 2:

deum ipsum multi Aesculapium, quidam Osirim, plerique Iovem, plurimi Ditem patrem conjectant,

Tac. H 4, 84 fin. —With gen.:

plerique nostrūm oratorum,

Cic. Or. 42, 143:

Poenorum,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 12:

vestrum,

id. Clu. 42, 117:

quorum plerique,

id. Lael. 20, 71; Sall. J. 74, 1:

urbium pleraeque,

Liv. 5, 6, 9:

eorum plerique,

Cic. Top. 21, 80; id. Fam. 5, 21, 1:

legentium, Liv. praef. 4: Graecorum,

Plin. Ep. 5, 20, 4:

militum,

Tac. H. 1, 5.— Gen. plur. (rare and post-class.):

scientia plerarumque litterarum,

Vitr. 1, 1, 11.— Subst.: plērăque, n. plur., all, every thing:

nec ratione animi quicquam, sed pleraque viribus corporis administrabant,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2.—Also, the most, the greatest part.:

pleraque ejus insulae,

Curt. 4, 8, 15. — plērăque, adverb., mostly, for the most part (post-class.):

is erit pleraque impeccabilis,

Gell. 17, 19, 6.—

Sing.: juventus pleraque Catilinae favebat, the greatest or largest part, Sall. C. 17, 6:

pleraque nobilitas,

id. ib. 23, 6:

quā tempestate Carthaginienses pleraeque Africae imperitabant,

id. J. 79, 2:

exercitum plerumque opperiri jubet,

id. ib. 54, 9:

Graecia,

Gell. 17, 21:

comae pleramque contegebant faciem,

App. M. 9, p. 231, 5.— Neutr.: plērum-que, subst., with gen., the greatest part:

ubi plerumque noctis processit,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

Europae,

Liv. 45, 9; Just. 41, 1, 12; Mel. 1, 4, 2.—More freq.: plērumquē, adv., for the most part, mostly, commonly, very often, very frequently:

haec ipsa fortuita sunt: plerumque enim non semper eveniunt,

Cic. Div. 2, 5, 14:

plerumque casu, saepe naturā,

id. Or. 51, 170; Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 11:

ridiculum acri Fortius et melius magnas plerumque secat res,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 15:

hi plerumque gradus,

usually, Juv. 11, 46.—Post-Aug., in a less emphatic sense, often, frequently:

plerumque permoveor, num ad ipsum referri verius sit,

Tac. A. 4, 57; id. H. 5, 1; id. G. 13; 45; id. Or. 15; Dig. 2, 14, 25 and 26.

vĕnēnum, i, n., orig., like pharmakon, any thing, esp. any liquid substance, that powerfully affects or changes the condition of the body, a potion, juice, drug (cf. virus).

In gen.: qui venenum dicit, adicere debet, utrum malum an bonum; nam et medicamenta venena sunt: quia eo nomine omne continetur, quod adhibitum naturam ejus, cui adhibitum esset, mutat. Cum id quod nos venenum appellamus, Graeci pharmakon dicunt, apud illos quoque tam medicamenta, quam quae nocent hoc nomine continentur, etc., Dig. 50, 16, 236; cf. ib. 48, 8, 3.—Obsolete, however, in this general signif.: qui venenum malum fecit fecerit, an old legal formula in Cic. Clu. 54, 148:

avaritia pecuniae studium habet: ea quasi venenis malis imbuta corpus animum que virilem effeminat,

Sall. C. 11, 3.—

In partic.

In a bad sense, like pharmakon (freq. and class.).

A potion that destroys life, poison, venom (cf. toxicum).

Lit.:

ipsius veneni quae ratio fingitur? ubi quaesitum est? quem ad modum paratum? cui, quo in loco traditum?

Cic. Cael. 24, 58; 21, 51; id. Clu. 60, 165; 61, 169; id. Phil. 11, 6, 13; id. N. D. 3, 33, 81; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 96:

nobis veratrum est acre venenum,

Lucr. 4, 638; Verg. A. 4, 514; Hor. C. 1, 37, 28; id. Epod. 3, 5; 5, 22; id. S. 2, 3, 131:

dare,

Liv. 40, 24, 5.—

Trop., mischief, evil, destruction (rare, and not in Cic.):

discordia ordinum est venenum urbis hujus,

Liv. 3, 67, 6: regis Rupili pus atque venenum, i e. [p. 1968] virulence, Hor. S. 1, 7, 1.—Of bad poems, Cat. 44, 12; 77, 5; cf.:

humili veneno laedere aliquem,

Stat. Th. 1, 171:

venena linguarum, Treb. Poll. Trig. Tyr. 30: lingua est suffusa veneno,

Ov. M. 2, 777.—

Lit., a magical potion, charm:

item ut Medea Peliam concoxit senem: Quem medicamento et suis venenis dicitur Fecisse rursus ex sene adulescentulum,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 81:

dira Medeae,

Hor. Epod. 5, 62:

Colcha,

id. C. 2, 13, 8:

Colchica,

id. Epod. 17, 35; Cic. Or. 37, 129; Hor. C. 1, 27, 22; id. Epod. 5, 22; 5, 87; id. S. 1, 8, 19; 2, 1, 48; Ov. M. 7, 209; 14, 55; 14, 403:

qui quodam quasi veneno perficiat, ut veros heredes moveat,

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76:

id quod amatorium appellatur, venenum est,

Dig. 48, 8, 3.—

Trop., charm, seduction: aetas et corpus tenerum et morigeratio, Haec sunt venena formosarum mulierum, Afran. ap. Non. 2, 7:

intactos isto satius tentare veneno (i. e. amore),

Prop. 2, 12 (3, 3), 19:

blandum,

Sil. 7, 453; 11, 309:

occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno (i. e. amoris),

Verg. A. 1, 688.—

In a good sense.

A coloring material, a color, dye, paint ( poet.):

alba nec Assyrio fucatur lana veneno,

Verg. G. 2, 465; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 207; Ov. R. Am. 351.—

A drug used in embalming, Luc. 8, 691.