-
21 avatyar-
vb. "forgive" VT43:18; the form ávatyara VT43:10 seems to include the imperative particle á the two-word phrase *á avatyara "forgive!" merging into ávatyara. Plural aorist avatyarir VT43:20.Where Tolkien used avatyar-, he cited the persons forgiven in the ablative ávatyara meullo/u "forgive us", literally "ufrom/u us", whereas the matter that is forgiven appears as a direct object VT43:11. Compare apsenë. -
22 yurasta
cardinal "24" two times \#rasta "twelve" PE14:17 -
23 Ezellohar
noun "the Green Mound" where the Two Trees grew; adopted and adapted from Valarin; also translated as Coron Oiolairë, Corollairë WJ:401. The name must have become *Erellohar in Exilic Noldorin Quenya. -
24 -ilco
k *you two, abandoned pronominal ending for the familiar 2nd person dual; in later sources the relevant ending is rather -stë VT49:48. The ending -ilco was apparently changed from -ilto VT49:49. Compare -illo. -
25 yo
conj. and, often used between two items of any part of speech that were by nature or custom clearly associated, like the names of spouses Manwë yo Varda, or sword and sheath *macil yo vainë, bow and arrows *quinga yo pilindi, or groups like Elves and Men Eldar yo Fírimor but contrast eldain a fírimoin dative forms in FS, where Tolkien joins the words with a, seemingly simply a variant of the common conjunction ar. In one source, yo is apparently a preposition "with" yo hildinyar = *"with my heirs", SD:56. -
26 nettë
stem *netti-, given the primitive form listed in VT47:17 noun "girl, daughter" but also "sister", see below, also used as a play-name of the "fourth finger" or "fourth toe" VT47:10, VT48:6, in two-hand play also used for the numeral "nine" nettë is conceived as being related to nertë, q.v. Nettë is also defined as "sister" or "girl approaching the adult" VT47:16, VT49:25, "girl/daughter" VT47:15-16; it may be that "sister" was Tolkien's final decision on the meaning VT48:4, 22 - The related word nésa seems like a less ambiguous translation of "sister". -
27 apa
1 prep. "after" VT44:36, attested as a prefix in apacenyë and Apanónar, q.v. Variant ep- in epessë, q.v.; see epë for futher discussion. According to VT44:36, apa was glossed after and also before in one late manuscript, but both meanings were rejected. See also apa \# 2 below. For Neo-Quenya purposes, apa should probably be ascribed the meaning "after", as in our most widely-published sources compare Apanónar, the After-born, as a name of Men in the Silmarillion. Variants pa, pá VT44:36, but like apa these are also ascribed other meanings elsewhere; see separate entry. Apo VT44:36 may be yet another variant of the word for "after". 2 prep. denoting "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall. Apa is said to have this meaning in various Tolkien manuscripts VT44:26, but apa is also used for "after" see apa \#1 above, and the two were probably never meant to coexist in a single variant of Quenya. The clash may be avoided by consistently using the variants pá, pa q.v. mentioned by Tolkien in the sense of apa \#2. Another variant gives apa, pá on above but touching VT49:18. 3 conj. but: melinyes apa la hé I love him but not him another VT49:15 -
28 rasta
cardinal "twelve" isolated from yurasta "24", two times 12; cf. the stem RÁSAT "twelve" listed in the Etymologies. See yunquë. PE14:17 -
29 ara
prep.and adv.? "outside, beside, besides" ARsup2/sup, VT49:57. According to VT45:6, the original glosses were "without, outside, beside", but Tolkien emended this. Arsë he is out, VT49:23, 35, 36. As for ara, see ar \#1. VT49:25 lists what seems to be ara combined with various pronominal suffixes: Singular anni arni *beside me, astyë *beside you informal, allë *besides you formal, arsë *beside him/her, plural anwë armë *beside us exclusive, arwë *beside us inclusive, astë ardë *beside you plural, astë artë *beside them; dual anwet armet *beside us two. Here Tolkien presupposes that ara represents original ada-. The same source lists the unglossed forms ari, arin that may combine the preposition with the article, hence *beside the VT49:24-25 -
30 attalaitë
adj. biped having two feet VT49:42, PE12:88 -
31 peu
dual noun "the two lips, the mouth-opening" VT39:9; the dual of pé, q.v. -
32 satto
Qenya numeral two in Tolkiens later Quenya atta VT49:54 -
33 vanimelda
adj., said to be the highest word of praise for beauty, with two interpretations that were apparently considered equally valid and simultaneously true: beautiful and beloved vanima + melda, with haplology, i.e. movingly lovely, but also elven-fair fair as an Elf vanima + elda. The word was also used as the second name of Arwen. PE17:56, Second Edition LotR1:II ch. 16. -
34 le
pronominal element "you", originally the "reverential 2nd person sing" RGEO:73, VT49:56. However, singular le was apparently altered to lye q.v., and le took on a plural significance le for pl. you is apparently derived from de, the ancient 2nd person pl. stem, VT49:50-51. Stressed lé VT49:51, dual let *the two of you ibid.. At certain points in Tolkiens conception, le was still sg. thou rather than pl. you. It is attested as an ending in the imperative form antalë *"give thou" VT43:17; see anta-. The form ólë in VT43:29 apparently means *"with thee"; according to Tolkiens later system, it would rather mean with you pl. Compare aselyë with thee sg. in a later source see as. -
35 carnë
adj. "red", scarlet, red SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources, not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir. -
36 hriz-
vb. to snow, impersonal, given in the form hríza it is snowing. Normally z would turn to r in Exilic Quenya, but since two r's close to one another were disliked, it may be that hriz- became *hris- instead compare razë sticks out becoming rasë instead of **rarë, PE19:73 Past tense hrinsë with s from the original root SRIS and another form which the editor tentatively reads as hrissë the development ns ss is regular. PE17:168 -
37 -mmo
we two, abandoned pronominal suffix for the 1st person dual exclusive, which ending Tolkien later revised to -mmë VT49:48. -
38 -mmë
we, 1st person dual exclusive pronominal ending: *I and one other compare the inclusive dual form -ngwë or -nquë. First written -immë in one source VT49:57. Carimmë, *the two of us do VT49:16, cf. VT43:6. At an earlier conceptual stage, the ending was already exclusive, but plural rather than dual: vammë "we won't" WJ:371, firuvammë "we will die" VT43:34, etemmë ?"out of us" VT43:36; see also VT49:48, 49, 55. Also compare the corresponding emphatic pronoun emmë q.v.. The ending -lmë replaced -mmë in its former plural exclusive sense. In some early material, -mmë was apparently used as an ending for plural inclusive we VT49:55. -
39 lár
1 noun "league", a linear measure, 5000 rangar q.v.. A ranga was approximately 38 inches, so a lár was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches ca. 4826 m, supposing the equivalence to be exact" - close enough to our league of 5280 yards to justify this translation. The basic meaning of lár is "pause";in marches a brief halt was made for each league. UT:285 2 noun "ear" ?. Tolkien's wording is not clear, but ¤lasū is given as an ancient dual form "pair of ears"; Quenya lár could represent the old singular las- LASsup2/sup. In a post-LotR source, Tolkien derives hlas ear dual hlaru from a stem SLAS PE17:62. Initial hl- rather than l- reflects the revised form of the stem LAS becoming SLAS, and in the later version of the phonology, postvocalic -s does not become -r when final. Compare the noun dream, given as olor in the Etymologies LOS, but as olos pl. olori in a later source UT:396 -
40 coron
1 noun "mound" SA; Coron Oiolairë "Koron", place-name: the "Mound of Eversummer" where the Two Trees grew. Also contracted Corollairë WJ:401 and Corlairë MR:107; both are spelt with an initial k in the sources. 2 "k" corn-, as in dat. sg. cornen noun "globe, ball" KOR
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