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1 e-î sem er sjón aî sjá
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2 e-î sem vert er aî sjá
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3 ferîamaîur í skoîunarferî
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4 miîa, sigta út
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5 sigti, miî
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6 sjá, eygja
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7 sjónmál, augsÿn
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8 skoîunarferî
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9 sÿn, nasasjón
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10 SJÓN
* * *f.1) sight, eyesight (heyrn ok s.); s. er sögu ríkri, sight goes before hearsay; var þeim s. sögu ríkri um ferðir Knúts, they had ocular proof of; missa sjónar at auganu, to lose the sight of the eye;2) look; sundr stökk súla fyrir s. jötuns, the pillar flew asunder at the look of the giant;3) esp. in pl. the eyes (sá hón fránar sjónir fylkis liðnar); svart er mér fyrir sjónum, my eyes grow dim; leiða e-n sjónum, to fix one’s eyes upon a person (forn jötunn sjónum leiddi sinn andskota).* * *f., in sing. the old writers prefer sýn, q. v. [Dan. syn]:—sight, vision, the faculty of sight; mál heyrn ok sjón, Edda 6; missa sjónina, to lose the eye-sight; sjóu ok heyrn, Pass. 41. 10; gefa blindum sjón, 655 ix. C. 2; sjón er sögu ríkri, sight goes before hearsay, of an eye-witness, Ó. H. 180; sundr stökk súla fyrir sjón jötuns, Hym. 12.II. plur. one’s looks; in such phrases as fríðr … sjónum, fair to see, fine-looking, Eg. 486, Hkr. iii. 171.2. the eyes, esp. in plur.; augu heita sjón, Edda; engi hefir sá séð ógurligar sjónir, er eigi mátti þat sjá er Þórr hvessti augun, 37; hugðisk hann mundu falla fyrir sjóninni einni saman, 28; fjándinn blindar sjónir þeirra, Fms. x. 309; leiða e-n sjónum, to look on, behold, 13; ef ek hann sjónum of sék, Hm. 151; fránar sjónir, Gkv. i. 14; á sjónum skjálfandi, Sól. 43; ok mun hann ekki eigi stað við sjónum hans, Fms. iv. 242; verða e-m at sjónum, to be seen by one, Fas. ii. 315; lýkr hann upp birtandi sjónir, Sks. 43; þrjár hafa þeir sjónir saman ( three eyes), Gsp. (Fas. i. 486); hvassar ljóns sjónir, Sighvat; svart-brúnar sjónir, Eg. (in a verse); svart er mér fyrir sjónum, ‘tis dark before my eyes, Fas. i. 427 (in a verse): leiða e-m e-ð fyrir sjónir, to place before one’s eyes, expound, Líkn. 46, and in mod. usage; sé þá, minn Guð, fyrir sjónum þér, Sonar þíns pínan megna, Pass. 34. 11; of-sjónir, undr-sjónir, q. v.COMPDS: sjónarberg, sjónarhváll, sjónarváttr, sjónarvitni, sjónarvætt, sjónarvörðr. -
11 sýni
* * *n. the sight; in the adverb. phrase, til sýnis, for the sight’s sake; var hann sendr konungi til sýnis. for the sake of curiosity, Fms. vi. 362; til sýnis vaxtar hans, as a sample of his sight, Fas. i. 331; víð-sýni, a ‘far-sight,’ a wide horizon; mis-sýni, eye-deception; glám-sýni, glamour-sight. sýnis-horn, n. a sample, specimen. -
12 HVERFA
* * *I)(hverf; hvarf, hurfum; horfinn), v.1) to have a circular or rotatory motion, turn round (himinn hverfr);with acc. of the place, himin hverfa þau skulu hverjan dag, they shall wheel round the heaven every day, of the sun and moon;2) to be lost to sight (hverfa at sýn); to disappear, vanish (hverfa af himni heiðar stjörnur);e-m hverfr e-t, one loses a thing (Mávi hurfu sauðir nökkurir);síðan hvarf hann þeim, he vanished out of their sight;3) with preps. and advs.:hverfa af at gera e-t, to leave off doing a thing;hverfa aptr, to turn back, return;aptr hverfr lygi, þá er sönnu mœtir, a lie recoils before the truth;hverfa at e-m, to throng around one (þá hurfu þegar at honum allir ok fögnuðu honum);hverfa at e-u, to turn to, to adopt (hverfa at e-u ráði);hverfa brott, to disappear;hverfa eptir e-m, to follow one;hverfa frá e-u, to turn away from;gørðu-t far festa, áðr þeir frá hyrfi, they did not moor the boat before they turned away; to leave off (nú skal þar til taka, sem fyrr var frá horfit);hverfa í sundr, to part;hverfa til e-s, to turn (go) to one, or to a place (hlæjandi Guðrún hvarf til skemmu); esp. to go to one and take leave (Gunnar hverfr til allra manna, er hann er búinn); to fall to one’s lot, accrue to one (þótti stór heill til hans horfit hafa);hverfa um e-t, to encircle, surround (hverfa um hodd goða);hverfa undan e-m, to be withdrawn from, lost to one (hvarf ríki í Noregi undan Dana konungum);4) horfinn, pp.(-ða, -ðr), v.1) to turn a thing (in a certain direction);hverfa e-m hugi (acc. pl.), to change a person’s mind;2) hverfa e-u um e-t, to enclose with a thing;vera hverfðr útan um e-t, to encircle a thing.* * *pret. hvarf, pl. hurfu; subj. hyrfi; part, horfinn; in mod. pronunciation inserting the v throughout, hvurfu, hvyrfi, hvorfinn; akin to horfa, q. v.: [Ulf. hwairban = περιπατειν; A. S. hweorfan; O. H. G. hwerban; Germ. werben]:— to turn round; hverfanda hvel, Hm. 73 (see hvel); nú mátt þú engi veg þess hverfa ( thou canst turn to no side) at Guðs miskunn sé ekki fyrir þér, Hom. 156; h. í móðurátt, föðurátt, to devolve upon, of right or duty, Grág. i. 177, 237; hafa horfit í Guðdóm, 625. 59; hverfa af lífi, to depart from life, die, Stor. 10: with acc. of place, himin hverfa þau skulu hverjan dag, they shall pass round the heaven every day, of the sun and moon, Vþm. 23.2. with prep.; h. aptr, to turn back, return, Fms. vii. 298, x. 231, Stj. 606, Hom. 98; to recoil, aptr hverfr lygi þá er sönnu mætir, a lie recoils before the truth, Bs. i. 639; h. aptr til sin, to recover one’s senses, Mar.; hurfu at því ráði allir þrændir, all the Th. turned that way, took that part, Fms. i. 18, vii. 206; þá hurfu menn þegar at honum, thronged around him, xi. 193: h. af, to leave off; þá hvarf af Pálnatóka þyngd öll, i. e. P. recovered, Fms. xi. 69; þegar er þú vilt af h. at unna Ólafi, Hkr. ii. 322. h. frá e-u, to turn from, cut short, leave off; þar var fyrr frá horfit Konunga-tali, Fms. i. 139; nú verðr þess at geta er ver hurfum frá, Rd. 171 (of episodes in a story); taka þar til er hinn hvarf frá, Grág. i. 139; áðr frá hyrfi, áðr sundr hyrfi, before they parted, Am. 34, 35: h. eptir, to follow; frændr hans ok vinir þeir er eptir honum hurfu, Fms. iv. 287; eptir honum hurfu margir menn, Ver. 47: h. með e-m, to turn with one, follow, Grág. i. 8, 9; þá hurfu saman fjórir tigir, gathered together, 655 xvi. B. 4: h. til e-s, to turn towards a place, Hým. 17, Gh. 7; to turn to one and take leave, Fms. vii. 224, Am. 44: h. undan, to be withdrawn, lost; hvarf ríki í Noregi undan Dana-konungum, Fms. xi. 183; þat ríki er undan var horfit, 42: h. um, to encircle, surround, (um-hverfis = all around); innan garðs þess er hverfr um akr eða eng, Gþl. 136; þær hverfa um hodd goða, Gm. 27.II. metaph. to turn out of sight, disappear, be lost, stolen, or the like; maðrinn hvarf þar, there the man was lost from sight, Nj. 95, 275; stjörnur hverfa af himni, Vsp. 57: to disappear, skip hvarf, Landn. 305; ef skip hverfr, Grág. 1. 215; hverfi féit or hirzlu hans, 401; motrinn var horfinn ( stolen), Ld. 206; Steinólfi hurfu (St. lost) svín þrjú, Landn. 126; Ingimundi hurfu svín tíu, 177; see hvarf.III. part. horfinn: 1. surrounded; björn horfinn i híði, much the same as híðbjörn (see híð), Gþl. 444; horfinn foldar beinum, Ýt. 19; bærinn var h. mönnum, surrounded by men, Sturl. ii. 144, Orkn. 112.β. vera vel vinum horfinn, to be well backed by friends, Nj. 268; vel um horfit ( in good condition), þar stóð naust ok var vel um horfit, Háv. 48; whence the mod. phrase, vel um-horfs, in a good state.2. abandoned, forsaken; heillum horfinn, forsaken by luck (horfin-heilla), Fs. 48; héraði horfinn, bereft of a dwelling in the district, Sturl. iii. 255; sok horfinn, having lost the suit, Nj. 234; mun bann eigi horfinn heimsóknum við mik, he has not left off attacking me, Sturl. iii. 228; eigi ertú enn horfinn í fyrirsátunum við mik, Þórð. 41 new Ed.; þögn horfinn, bereft of silence, i. e. noisy, Gs. 3. -
13 AT
I) prep.A. with dative.I. Of motion;1) towards, against;Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;2) close atup to;Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;3) to, at;koma at landi, to come to land;ganga at dómi, to go into court;ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;5) denoting hostility;renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;6) around;vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;7) denoting business, engagement;ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.II. Of position, &c.;1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;at kirkju, at church;at dómi, in court;at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;2) denoting participation in;vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;4) with proper names of places (farms);konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;at Marðar, at Mara’s home;at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).III. Of time;1) at, in;at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;at páskum, at Easter;at kveldi, at eventide;at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;at fjöru, at the ebb;at flœðum, at the floodtide;2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;at ári komanda, next year;at vári, er kemr, next spring;generally with ‘komanda’ understood;at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;at honum önduðum, after his death;4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.IV. fig. and in various uses;1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;verða at ormi, to become a snake;2) for, as;gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;3) by;taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;4) as regards as to;auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);aðili at sök = aðili sakar;7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;at landslögum, by the law of the land;at vánum, as was to be expected;at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;10) in adverbial phrases;gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;at fullu, fully;at vísu, surely;at frjálsu, freely;at eilífu, for ever and ever;at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;2) in an objective sense;hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;hón grét at meir, she wept the more;þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.conj., that;1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);4) since, because, as (= því at);5) connected with þó, því, svá;þó at (with subj.), though, although;því at, because, for;svá at, so that;6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;áðr at (= á. en), before;7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.V)negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.odda at, Yggs at, battle.* * *1.and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.WITH DAT.A. LOC.I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.B. TEMP.I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.C. METAPH. and in various cases:I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.V. denoting the source of a thing:1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.IX. following many words:1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.WITH ACC.TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.2.and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.I. it is used either,1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.3.and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.II. it is used,1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.III. used in connection with conjunctions,1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.IV. as a relat. conj.:1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.4.and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.5.n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.6.the negative verbal suffix, v. -a. -
14 HVARF
* * *n. disappearance (h. Iðunnar); rann hann þeim þar h., he ran out of their sight.* * *n. [hverfa], prop. a ‘turning away,’ disappearance: of a thing being stolen, hvörf ok stuldir, Fbr.; hvarf Iðunnar, Edda 46, Ld. 206, Band. 12 new Ed.: cp. sól-hvörf, sun-turn, i. e. the solstice. βrann hann þeim þar hvarf (mod. á hvarf), he ran out of their sight, Sturl. ii. 145; hlaupit í burt með ok runnit þeim skjótt hvarf, Bs. i. 704: in mod. usage a hill on the horizon is called hvarf; á hvarf, to go to the other side of a hill so as to be out of sight: vera á hvörfum, to waver, Skv. 3. 38. 2. shelter; því ek hefi nú leitat áðr allra hvarfa, Barl. 59; ef björn er horfinn í híði, lýsi því í fjölda manna at þat er hans hvarf ( lair), N. G. L. i. 46; at-hvarf, shelter; göra sér e-n at hvarfi, to call on a friend, Fms. iv. 292.II. a local name for Cape Wrath in Scotland, Bs. i. 483; Hvarfs-gnipa, u, f. Cape Farewell in Greenland, A. A. -
15 HVASS
a.1) sharp, keen (h. knífr, hvössøxi, hvasst vápn); pointed, tapering (h. hjálmr);2) fig., of the intellect, keen (hvasst næmi); of the eyes or sight (hvöss augu, hvöss sjón);3) sharp, acute; hvasst hljód, a sharp sound;4) of wind, sharp, fresh (h. byrr, hvasst veðr, andviðri).* * *adj., hvöss, hvasst, gen. pl. hvassa, Sdm. 20; [the Goth. form is supposed to be hwass, cp. hivassaba, Tit. i. 13, and hwassei = ἀποτομία, Rom. xi. 22; cp. hvessa, hvetja, hvatr, as well as O. H. G. hwassi, which seem to be kindred words]:—pointed, tapering; hvass hjálmr eða kuml, Sks. 167; hvasst niðr sem hæll, id.; með hvössu enni, 170; hvöss vörr, Sturl. ii. (in a verse); hvass hringr, Fms. v. 343; hvass þyrnir, sharp thorns.2. sharp, keen, whetted, of edged tools; öngull sá enn hvassi, Niðrst. 3; hvasst vápn, Grett. 137; hvassan kníf, 91; hvasst sverð, Barl. 155; h. hjörr, Fm. 6; odd-hvass, pointed; egg-hvass, q. v.II. metaph. of intellect, keen; hvasst næmi, Bs. i. 235; hvass í skilningi, 681; hvass í hugskoti. Hom.; hygginn ok hvass, id.2. of the eyes or sight; hvöss augu, Sks. 170, Skáld 160, Ó. H. 109, Hkv. 2. 2; hvöss sjón, a keen sight; hvassar sjónir, piercing eyes, Sighvat; hvassir geislar, sharp beams of light, MS. 732. 17.3. sharp, acute; hvöss hljóðs grein, a sharp sound, Skálda 175, 179; hvasst hljóð, 160, 169; hvöss samstafa, 175.4. of wind, sharp, fresh; hvasst veðr, Eg. 99; veðr var miklu hvassara, 196; hvöss sunnan veðr, Fms. vii. 310; hvasst andviðri, Eg. 87; hvass byrr, Fms. i. 165; h. útnyrðingr, hann er hvass á sunnan, það er hvasst, hann (the wind) er hvass, etc., passim; hvassir straumar, Sks. 14 new Ed.: neut. hvasst, blowing hard; þeir höfðu hvasst mjök á firðinum, Háv. 26, 42 new Ed.: freq. in mod. usage, æði-hvass, blowing very hard; bál-hvass, blowing a gale (so as to lash the sea into tongues like flame).5. sharp fighting, Korm., Hkv. 2. 10, Lex. Poët.; hvassir menn, Fms. v. 137; kveðsk mundu fá honum annan hest, ef nokkurir væri hvassari en sjá, Rd. 298, of a horse.6. neut. precisely; ekki hvasst umhyggju-laust, Fms. vi. 204; þat verðr hvasst ( precisely) tveir hlutir átjándu álnar, N. G. L. i. 78; þá taka hvárir eigi hvasst ( not quite) sjau penninga, 107: in poets, ríða, ganga, sigla, líða, skjóta hvasst, to ride, walk, sail, shoot fast, Lex. Poët.; bita hvassara, to eat heartily, Þkv. 25.7. coarse; hvassar hosur, Karl. 363, (rare.)COMPDS: hvasseygr, hvassfleygr, hvasskömbóttr, hvassleikr, hvassleitr, hvassliga, hvassligr, hvassnefjaðr, hvassoddaðr, hvassorðr, hvasstenntr, hvassviðri, hvassögnóttr. -
16 land-sýn
f., naut. the sight of land; í landsýn, within sight of land, Karl. 554; ór landsýn, out of sight of land; sigla í haf ok ór landsýn, Fb. i. 542; vera ór landsýn, N. G. L. i. 103. -
17 SJÁ
* * *I)pron. dem. m. and f. this, that (sjá maðr hafði spjót í hendi).(sé; sá, sám; sénn), v.1) to see;hann kvezt sjá mann rída, he said that he saw a man riding;var þá sén reið þeira, their riding was seen, they were seen riding;2) to look (konungr sá til hans ok mælti);Gunnarr sá í mót tungli, G. looked at the moon;sjá út, to look out of the house (Hrútr bað engan mann út sjá á þeiri nótt);3) to examine, see (look) after (hann reið ofan í Eyjar at sjá verk húskarla sinna);4) to see, understand (aldri varð þat enn, at ek sá eigi gátur þær, er fyrir mik váru upp bornar);5) impers., þá (acc.) mátti eigi sjá, they could not be seen;sér þá hauga enn, those mounds can be seen yet;má þat ok sjá, at nær standa vinir Gunnars, it may be seen, too, that Gunnar’s friends stand near him;6) with preps.:sjá af e-m, to look away from, be (do) without (ek þóttumst ekki mega af þér sjá sakir ástríkis);sjá á e-t, to look on (nú em ek í höll kominn á þik sjálfan at sjá);to take in hand, take care of (Þorgils kvað sér eigi skylt at sjá á þat mál);sjá á með e-m, to take care of (þess vil ek biðja, at þér sjáit á með Högna syni mínum);impers., sér á, it can be seen (lítt sér þat þá á, at þú hafir fundit Svein konung);sjá eptir e-u, sjá eptir um e-t, to look after (var lítt sét eptir um skattlöndin þau, er fjarri lágu);eiga eptir e-u at sjá, to have to look after a thing (hann mun þar eptir hefndum eiga at sjá);sjá fram, to see into the future (fram sé ek lengra);sjá e-t fyrir, to foresee (hann þóttist sjá fyrir, at hann mundi fella fénað sinn);sjá fyrir e-u, to take care of, provide for (verðr hverr fyrir sér at sjá);man ek þá sjá fyrir málinu, then I will look after the matter;sjá fyrir e-m, to put one out of the way;sjá í e-t, to see into, see through (sér hann ekki í þetta);to take into consideration (Hrafnkell sá eigi mjök í kostnað);sjá til e-s, to become aware of (ef þér sjáit þá ekki til minna ferða, þá fari þér heim);to look for, expect (sjá til trausts, launa, fulltings);to look after, see to, take care of (guð sér til kristni sinnar);sjá til með e-m, to take care of, see to one;sjá um e-t, to see after. take care of (sjá um bú, fémál e-s);sjá um með e-m = sjá til með e-m (Höskuldr sá um með honum);sjá um fyrir e-u, to look after, see to (eigi mun nú fyrir öllu verða um sét);sjá við e-m, to look at one (konungr sá við honum ok mælti);to beware of, guard oneself against (mun oss vandgætt til við honum at sjá);sé nú við, beware!;sjá við um e-t, to guard oneself, be cautious as to (hafa þessir menn meirr sét við um kaupin en ek hugða);sjá yfir e-t, to look over, survey, look after (sjá yfir akra sína);to see a way to (hann sá eigi yfir, at þeir kœmist til bœja);eigi mátti yfir sjá, hvern veg hníga mundi orrostan, one could not see how the fight would end;7) refl., sjást.* * *pres. sé, sér, sér, pl. sém, séð, sé, or later, sjám, sjáð, sjá; pret. sá, sátt, sáttu (sáttu rhymes with rétti, Fms. vi. in a verse), sá, pl. sám, sáð, sá: pres. subj. sé, sér, and later sjá; pret. sæi: imperat. sé, séðú: part. sénn; neut. séð (sét): a medial form sjámk, sámk: with neg. suff. sér-at, sák-a ek, I saw not; sá-at, saw not; sátt-a-ðu, thou sawest not, Eg. (in a verse): the mod. form is,—pres. sé, sér, sér, sjáum, sjáið, sjá; pret. sá, sást, sá, pl. sáum, sáuð, sáu; pres. subj. sjái, sjáir, sjái: pret. sæi; imperat. sjá, sjáðú; part. seðr, keeping the ð throughout: [Ulf. saiwan = ὁραν; A. S. seon; Engl. see; Germ. sehen; Dan. see.]A. To see; sé þú, Hým. 12; sé þar harm ljótan, faðir, Edda 58; sé hérna, Stj. 22, MS. 656 B. 10; sé nú, seggir, Gkv. 3. 8; sé þar nú, hve fjándinn var djarfr, Fms. ii. 184; séð nú, góðir hálsar, viii. 116, v. l. sé nú; sé hér nú handlín mitt, viii. 308; sé þú nú vandliga á kostina segir jarl, xi. 31; séðú ( see thou) hve vel þeir seðu ( sewed), Skálda 163; merki minna verka, þau er allir menn síðan um sé ( vident), Hbl. 19; sé þér (= séð ér) eigi at Heklungar flýja, Fms. viii. 119; sáttú Sigrlinn, Hkv. Hjörv. 1; nema þú mey sér ( videas), Skv. 1. 29; þóttú fagrar sér ( videas) brúðir bekkjum á, Sdm. 28; gefit mér rúm, at ek of sé ( videam) son minn, 623. 56; at þú sér ( videas) hit sanna, 655 xvi. B. 4; eigi var ek svá heimskr at ek sæ(i) ( viderem) eigi at ek var fanginn, Finnb. 356; séð ér sagði hann, at lægir seglin þeirra, Ó. H. 182; séð þér eigi (pres. indic.), Fms. iii. 44, l. c. (sjái, v. l.); er þér séð (videatis, = sjáit) yfir þat at ér hittið í váginn, Fms. xi. 124; sá þeir konur úti hjá Rangæinga-búð, Nj. 3; þá er hann hafði séð (seeth Ed.) hana, Fms. i. 185; þangat er opt sénn hauga-eldr, Eg. 767; var þá sénn (seinn Ed.) eldligr stöpull falla af himni, 645. 127; sjá draum, to see a dream, Hom. 155: absol., blindir sjá, haltir ganga, 625. 95; þeir sá eigi heldr augum en hnakka, Hkr. i. 268; FIosi kvað þar gott at sitja ok mega víða sjá, Nj. 224; var konungr sjálfr við ok sá, Eg. 69.2. to look; konungr sá til hans, Eg. 46; konungr sá við honum ok mælti, Ld. 32; hann hélt upp exinni ok sá á um hríð, Eg. 180; þat var einn morgin snemma at maðr sá út á Hrúts-stöðum ( looked out of the door) … hann kvaðsk sjá mann ríða, Ld. 148; Kári spratt upp ok sá út, 152, Fbr. 14; Gunuarr sá í móti tunglinu, Nj. 118; sjá í gaupnir sér, Vápn. 21, Ó. H. 13, Al. 115.3. with prepp.; sjá á e-t, to look on; á þik sjálfan at sjá, Vþm. 6, Hm. 13; sá á skjöld hvítan, Hðm. 21: impers á sér, it can be seen, Am. 40; það sér á: metaph. to take care of, ek mun á sjá þetta mál fébóta-laust, Glúm. 358; at þér sjáið á með Högna, Nj. 113:—sjá eptir um e-t, to look after, Eg. 536: to miss, ætlu vér at eigi moni aðrir eiga meirr eptir sínum hlut at sjá, Ísl. ii. 384; nær er þat minni ætlan at þeir þvkkisk nokkut eiga eptir sínum hlut at sjá, Ld. 228; þykkisk ér til Hlíðar-enda eiga eptir nokkurum hlut at sjá? Nj. 75:—sjá fram, to see forwards, Vsp. 40, Hdl. 43:—sjá fyrir e-u, to provide for, manage, Nj. 14; sjá hverr fyrir sínu skipi, … sjá fyrir skipunum, Fms. x. 146; en þeir er úhræðnastir vóru, sá ekki fyrir því ( cared not) þótt honum yrði nekkvat til meins, 655 iii. 3; eigi mun nú fyrir öllu verða um sét, Fms. v. 306; ef þú sér vel fyrir, Nj. 102; sjá þú (imperat. = sé) fyrir, 148; þeir báðu hann fyrir sjá, 259; verðr hverr fyrir sér at sjá, Ld. 264; at fyrir þeirri konu sé vel séð, sem þér er gipt, 22; ef ek gæta vel fyrir mér séð, Nj. 22: ironic., sjái hann fyrir þér, 28: to put out of the way, Al. 131, Fms. iii. 112, Háv. 40:—sjá í, Hrafnkell sá eigi mjök í kostnað, Hrafn. 22: to see into, sér hann ekki í þetta, Ld. 264:—sjá til, to look for; sjá til launa, trausts, fulltings, Grág. i. 203, Hom. 130, Fms. i. 190; æ sér gjöf til gjalda, 296, Hm. 146: to see after, take care of (til-sjón):—sjá um, to see to, take care of, Eg. 543, Fms. x. 116, Nj. 5, 40, 63: ef nokkurr verðr til at sjá um með honum meðan hann er ungr, Fms. i. 256; Höskuldr sá um með honum, svá at hann hélt bústað sínum. Ld. 26; ok bað, at biskup sæi um með honum, Landn. 42;—sjá við, to beware of, Dropl. 25, Fms. vi. 18, Njarð. 382, Háv. 42, Magn. 474:—sjá yfir, to look over, survey; sjá yfir akra sína, Fms. iv. 35; sjá yfir ráð e-s, Orkn. 418; sjá yfir féskipti. Fms. x. 115; hann skyldi sjá yfir, at þat greiddisk allt vel, 227; sjá yfir, at hann görisk eigi of stórr. Eg. 50; hann sá eigi yfir ( he saw no way) at þeir kæmisk til bæja, Biarn. 53; ekki mátti yfir sjá hvern veg hníga mundi, Fms. iv. 97; mega þeir þá eigi yfir sinn hlut sjá (= sjá eptir sínum hlut), Grett. 98 B.II. metaph. to look out for, detect, and the like; ef hón sæi nokkura útlenda höfðingja vilja ágirnask ríki hans, Fms. i. 76; móðir yðar mun þenna mann hafa fyrir séð (sieth Ed.), 141; má ek eigi á manni sjá, ef þú hefir eigi slíkan hug, Eg. 714; ek sá eigi gátur þær, er …, Fas. i. 532; eigi kann biskup glöggra sjá mann á velli enn ek, Fms. x. 326, ii. 173; skulu þeir sjá þat fé, hvárt þat sé gilt eðr eigi, Grág. i. 392; sjá lögskipti at landi, ii. 254; ef þú sér eigi lögskipti at landi, id.; þá hann riði ofan í Eyjar at sjá verk húskarla sinna, Nj. 107; sjá eiða at mönnum, Fms. x. 161, K. Þ. K. 144, Grág. i. 444; sjá hlut til handa e-m, Fms. ix. 243; má Flosi sjá sinn kost, hvárt hann vill sættask, Nj. 250; sjá ráð fyrir e-u, sá hóm þat at ráði at heitask Þórolfi, Eg. 36; at þú kunnir eigi at sjá sóma þinn, Nj. 77; má þat hverr maðr sjá er nokkura hugsun hefir, 656 A. i. 31; hann sá hverir sauðirnir feigir vóru, Landn. 292; sét (seit Ed.) er nú hversu vera vill, Nj. 202; sét er þat ( it is clear) at hvárr-tveggi ykkarr man vera haldinorðr …, Fms. ii. 18; kann ek eigi þat sjá, at ek mona sækja eptir manninum, xi. 152.III. impers. one sees; þá mátti eigi sjá, Nj. 261; úgörla sá veguna, Eg. 544; at ekki sjái sverðin, Fms. i. 16; var þar gör dys ok sér þess merki, Ld. 152; ef nokkut mátti á sjá, Ld. 30; eðr of sér, now one sees, next in turn, Bragi; brátt sér þat á; Ólafi, at …, Ld. 36; má þat ok sjá, at …, Nj. 88; var andlit hans sem í blóð sæi, 232.B. Reflex., sjásk, to fear; fátt hygg ek yðr sjásk, Hkv. Hjörv. 12; sá er á sinni æfi sásk aldregi háska, Fms. vi. 413 (in a verse); búendr sásk háska, Hkr. i. 232 (in a verse); menn sásk orm, vi. 362 (in a verse); létt sésk Atli ofu þína, Skv. 3. 33; reiði sásk þeir Húna, Am. 2; Knútr sásk fátt, Ht. R. 69; sásk eigi þeir sverða söng, Fms. v. 228 (in a verse); ætt áttu, er ek sjámk, that I fear, Hkv. 2. 16; þó sjámk frænda reiði, 14; nú sjámk hitt, at …, Eb. (in a verse); meirr sjámk hitt, at …, Ísl. ii. 244 (in a verse); þó sjámk hitt, at …, yet I do fear, Sighvat; þó sjámk meirr um Munin, Gm.; sá sésk fylkir fæst at lífi, he fears not for his life, Hkv. Hjörv. 11; þeirrar sýnar (er) sámk ey, the sight which ever I fear, that never-to-be-forgotten sight, Gkv. 1. 26; sjámk vér hans of hugi, Hkm. 15 (Ed. sjá).2. with prepp.; þeir þögðu yfir ok létu ekki á sjásk, they let nothing be seen, hide it, Hom. 115, Ísl. ii. 247:—sjásk fyrir, to look before one, to hesitate; sá er ekki sésk fyrir, who never blushes, Edda 16; er svá röskliga vann at ok sásk ekki fyrir, Nj. 270; er Agli of mjók ættgengt at sjásk lítt fyrir, Eg. 226:—sjásk um, to look about; sásk konungr um, Eg. 43; vera upp á gjár-bakkanum, ok sjásk þaðan um, Nj. 224; sésk um (imperat.) hvat aðrir góðir kaupmenn hafask at, Sks. 21 B; þá litu allir út nema konungr, hann stóð ok sásk eigi um, Ó. H. 119; hann var á bæn ok sásk ekki, Fms. iv. 276, l. c.: impers., at þeim hefði kynliga um sésk, that they had made a queer oversight in this, made a strange blunder, Lv. 23; hón var trúmaðr mikill, þótt henni sæisk lítt um þetta, she was a true believer, although she made an oversight, sinned in this respect, Bs. i. 451:—e-m sésk yfir, to overlook, by a slip or blunder; mun þeim þetta yfir sjásk, Nj. 231, 234, Grett. 126 A (yfir-sjón).II. recipr. to see one another; vit munum aldri sjásk síðan, Nj. 202; hann kvað þau Kormak aldri sjásk skulu, Korm. 40; þeir sásk við Barðhólma, Fms. ix. 54: with prepp., ef þit sjáisk tveir á, if ye fight it out among yourselves, Eg. 715; skulu þér láta þá sjálfa á sjásk, Nj. 147:—sjásk til, to look to one another; sásk til síðan áðr í sundr hyrfi, Am. 34.III. pass. to be seen; þeir sásk aldri síðan, were never seen since, Nj. 279; var hann horfinn ok sásk eigi síðan, Fas. i. 328.IV. part. sjándi (mod. sjáandi); at öllum á-sjándi, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; sjánda guð, Hom. 49; Áskell skyldi vera þeim jafnan á-sjándi ( help them), Rd. 255; sjáendr eða segendr, Grág. ii. 88; hverir hlutir honum eru veitandi ok hverir viðr sjándi, which are to be granted, and which to be withheld, Sks. 440. sjánds-váttr, m. an eye-witness, N. G. L. i. 357. -
18 sýn
* * *(pl. -jar), f. denial, protest; setja s. fyrir, to deny, repel a charge (hann setti þar s. fyrir, ok bauð skírslur).* * *f. = sjón, q. v. [Dan. syn], a sight; sýn, heyrn, Fms. i. 97; heyrn eða sýn, Grág. ii. 16; þat birtir sýn, Pr. 471; sýn er sögn ríkari, a saying, Stj. 621; kunnugr at sýn ok máli, Fb. ii. 58; sýn, at sjá it rétta, 623. 26, Gþl. 58; er mér þat at sýn orðit er ek hefi opt heyrt frá sagt, I have seen it with my eyes, Ó. H. 57; í sýn við bæinn, within sight of the farm, Fms. ix. 510; koma í sýn við menn, Rb. 388; ganga í sýn við e-n, Fms. x. 329; lét hann leiða í sýn við þá tvær dætr sínar, 105; svá at feli sýn (acc.), Vm. 88; sól hvarf at sýn, Ó. H. 218; sólar-gangr vex at sýn, visibly, Rb. 92: tungl er þá ekki at sýn, not visible, 452; hvarf hann frá henni at sýn, Bs. i. 184; var þeim at sýn þar vel fagnat, apparently, Hkr. i. 73; hann druknaði á firðinum, ok gékk þar inn í fjallit at sýn, apparently, Landn. 159, v. l.; an appearance, bregða á sik mannligri sýn, Fms. x. 301; forkunnar sýn, Fsm.: a vision; bar fyrir hann í svefni mikla sýn, Fms. i. 137. 2. sýnum, adverbially, by sight, apparently; fríð sýnum, Nj. 2; hann var fríðr sýnum, Eg. 22; hinn likligsti sýnum, Hkr. i. 262.II. [a different word = sunna, q. v.], poët. the sun, Edda (Gl.) -
19 landsýn
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20 blinda
* * *(að), v. to blind, derive of sight (dróttinn blindaði augu þeirra); hann blindar sjálfan sik allra sanninda, he blinds himself lo all truth.* * *að, [Ulf. blindjan], to blind, deprive of sight, Fms. v. 268, vii. 207, Stj. 619: metaph. to deceive, Fms. ii. 46, v. 217, Gþl. 215.
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Sight reading — is the reading and performing of a piece of written music, specifically when the performer has not seen it before. Sight singing is often used to describe a singer who is sight reading.Terminologyight ReadingAuthors in the music literature… … Wikipedia
Sight — (s[imac]t), n. [OE. sight, si[thorn]t, siht, AS. siht, gesiht, gesih[eth], gesieh[eth], gesyh[eth]; akin to D. gezicht, G. sicht, gesicht, Dan. sigte, Sw. sigt, from the root of E. see. See {See}, v. t.] 1. The act of seeing; perception of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Sight draft — Sight Sight (s[imac]t), n. [OE. sight, si[thorn]t, siht, AS. siht, gesiht, gesih[eth], gesieh[eth], gesyh[eth]; akin to D. gezicht, G. sicht, gesicht, Dan. sigte, Sw. sigt, from the root of E. see. See {See}, v. t.] 1. The act of seeing;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
sight — ► NOUN 1) the faculty or power of seeing. 2) the action or fact of seeing someone or something. 3) the area or distance within which someone can see or something can be seen. 4) a thing that one sees or that can be seen. 5) (sights) places of… … English terms dictionary
sight — [sīt] n. [ME siht < OE (ge)siht < base of seon, to SEE1] 1. a) something seen; view b) a remarkable or spectacular view; spectacle c) a thing worth seeing usually used in pl. [the sights of the city] … English World dictionary
Sight & Sound — (ISSN|0037 4806) is a British monthly film magazine published by the British Film Institute (BFI). The Independent newspaper has described it as highbrow but accessible . Sight Sound was first published in 1932 and in 1934 management of the… … Wikipedia
Sight & Sound Theatres — is a Christian theater company based in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, operating the Millennium Theatre and Living Waters Theatre in Strasburg, Pennsylvania.Glenn and Shirley Eshelman started Sight Sound in the summer of 1975, with a 10 week… … Wikipedia
Sight & Sound — Sight Sound ist eine britische Filmzeitschrift, die vom British Film Institute (bfi) monatlich herausgegeben wird. Sight Sound kam erstmals 1932 heraus. Seit 1934 tritt das bfi als Herausgeber der Zeitschrift auf. Ursprünglich erschien sie nur… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Sight and Sound — Sight Sound ist eine britische Filmzeitschrift, die vom British Film Institute (bfi) monatlich herausgegeben wird. Sight Sound kam erstmals 1932 heraus. Seit 1934 tritt das bfi als Herausgeber der Zeitschrift auf. Ursprünglich erschien sie nur… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Sight & Sound — ist eine britische Filmzeitschrift, die vom British Film Institute (bfi) monatlich herausgegeben wird. Sight Sound kam erstmals 1932 heraus. Seit 1934 tritt das bfi als Herausgeber der Zeitschrift auf. Ursprünglich erschien sie nur viermal im… … Deutsch Wikipedia
sight — [saɪt] noun 1. at sight BANKING FINANCE words written on a bill of exchange or promissory note to show that it must be paid as soon as it is shown to the acceptor … Financial and business terms
