tugr

m. = tigr; hafði hann þrjá vetr hins fjórða tugar, he was thirty-three years old.

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m. ten, decade; as also in tví-tugr; see tigr.

m., gen. tugar, pl. tugir

десяток, = tigr

mod. sjö-tugr, adj. seventy years old, K. Þ. K. 134, Fs. 160. Bs. i. 77, Stj. 554: of measure, measuring seventy fathoms, ells. sjautug-faldliga, adv. sevenfyfold, Stj. 46.

sex-tögr, adj. sixty: of age, sixty years old, Landn. 300 (twice), Fms. ii. 251, Stj. 160, 191: of measure, sixty fathoms (ells) long, refil sextögan, Gísl. 21; fordyri sextugt, Fms. viii. 14; þar var sextugt ofan á fjöru-grjótið, a sixty-fathom precipice, Fb. ii. 159; dreki sextugr at rúma-tali, Ó. H. 161.

tví-togr, adj. aged twenty, Grág. i. 307, 465, ii. 108, Fms. ii. 7, vi. 90, Jb. 143, passim: measuring twenty (fathoms, ells), Grág. i. 497, ii. 337, Fms. iii. 194, passim; átta vetr um tvítugt, i. e. twenty-eight years old, Stj. 26.

adj. (н-и. sjötugur)

-tögr, -togr, -tugr, adj. (the mod. form is - tugr), only in compds, tví-tugr, þrí-tugr, fer-tugr, fim-tugr, sex-tugr, sjau-tugr (then átt-ræðr, ní-ræðr, tí-ræðr, tólf-ræðr), = twenty, thirty … years old, or measuring twenty …; so also, hálf-þrítugr, hálf-fertugr, hálf-fimmtugr, hálf-sixtugr, hálf-sjautugr, aged, measuring half the third, fourth … seventh ten, i. e. twenty-five, thirty-five, … sixty-five; var honum vetri fátt í hálf-fimtugum, five tens minus one, i. e. forty-nine, Grett. 186 new Ed.; skorti þrjá vetr á fimtugan at aldri, i. e. forty-seven, Bs. i. 74; tveim vetrum meirr enn þrítogr, 30; þá skorti hann vetr á þrítugan …, fimmtugan, i. e. aged twenty-nine …, forty-nine, Sturl. iii. 308; þá var hann vetri meirr enn hálf-fertugr, i. e. thirty-six, Bs. i. 79.

(gen. -ar; pl. -ir, acc. -u), m. a ten, decade, = tegr, tøgr, togr, tugr; tíu tigir manna, one hundred men; hálfan fjórða tøg skipa, thirty-five ships; sex ins fimta tigar, forty-six; vetri fátt í fjóra tigu, thirty-nine years.

* * *

tegr, also tögr, togr, tugr, m., gen. tigar, pl. tigir, acc. tigu (tögo, tugu), later tigi, Band. 36, Fb. iii. 578; [a Goth. tigus is suggested by the adj. -tigjus; A. S. tig, teg; O. H. G. zic, zuc; Germ. zebn; Dan. ty; Engl. ten.]

A. A ten, decade. The ancient Scandinavians and Teutons had no indeclinable numeral adjectives from twenty to a hundred; the word tigr (like hundrað and þúsund) being a regular substantive. The ancient way of counting is therefore complex and curious; e. g. forty-one was called ‘four tens and one’ or ‘one of the fifth decade;’ forty-eight was called ‘four tens and eight,’ or by counting back, ‘five tens short of two,’ cp. the Lat. un-de-viginti, duo-de-triginta: forty-five was called ‘half the fifth ten,’ and so on, as will best be seen from the references below; and so it goes on to ‘one hundred and twenty,’ for in Icel. a hundred means the duodecimal hundred. In the 14th century (in deeds) ‘tigr’ began to lose its character of a substantive, eg. þrjátigir, fimtigir …, or þrjátigi, fimtigi (used inclecl.), whence at last came the mod. þrjátíu, fjörutíu, fimtíu …, the tíu being a contracted form from the acc. pl. tigu. At the same time hundrað and þúsund became indecl. adjectives, e. g. þrjátiu, brjúhundruð, þrjuþúsund skipum, for the old þrem tiguin hundruðum, þúsundum skipa.

B. REFERENCES: þessi vetr fylidi annan tög aldrs Magnúss konungs, this winter completed the second ten, i. e. the twentieth year, of king Magnus’ life, Fms. vi. 90; þat skipti tögum, it amounted to tens, several tens, ii. 32; þrjá tigu manna, three tens of men, Eg. 41; á þrem tigum daga, on three tens of days, 656 A. ii. 14; þrír tigir hundraða, Dipl. v. 2; níu tigu manna, Eg. 62; þrettán tigi aura, Band. 36; nær fjórum tigum faðma töðu, well-nigh four tens of fathoms, i. e. forty, Dipl. v. 18; fjóra togo dægra, 655 iii. 3; sex togo hundraða, D.I. i. 350; sex tigir manna, Grág. ii. 194; sex tigir þúsunda manna, Post.; sex tigu hundraða, six tens of hundreds, i. e. sixty hundred, i. e. six thousand, Orkn. 416 old Ed.; tíu tigir manna, ten tens of men, i. e. one hundred, Nj. 191; tíu tigo fjár, K. Þ. K. 140; tíu tigum ásauðar, a hundred sheep, Dipl. v. 19; tíu tegu bæja, Fms. viii. 203: ellifu tigir vætta skreiðar, eleven tens, i. e. one hundred and ten, 655 iii. 4; even, þrettán tigi aura, thirteen tens, i. e. one hundred and thirty, Band. 36; fimtán tigum sinna, fifteen tens, i. e. one hundred and fifty, Dipl. ii. 14: repeating, fjóra tigi vetra ok fjóra vetr, four tens of winters and four winters, i. e. forty-four years, ÓH. (pref.); með tveim skipum ok átta togum skipa, Fms. x. 394; sex tigi vetra ok fjóra vetr, Ó. H. (pref.); þrjá tigi ára ok sex ár, three tens of years and six years, Bs. i. 30; eitt skip ok sjau tigu skipa, i. e. seventy-one, Fms. x. 344; hálfan fjórða tög vetra, half the fourth decade, i. e. thirty-five, vi. 430; hálfan fjórða tög skipa, i. 76; hálfr fimti tugr kúgilda, half the fifth decade, i. e. forty-five, Dipl. v. 18; hálfr þriði tögr manna, Ísl. ii. 387, Ld. 292; hálfr átti tögr kirkna, seventy-five, Clem.; á einu ári ins fimmta tigar konungdóms Hákonar, on the first year of the fifth ten, i. e. forty-first, Sturl. iii. 308; hann hafði vetr ens sétta tigar, one winter of the sixth ten, i. e. fifty-one, Fms. ix. 534; á öðru ári ens fjórða tigar, i. 67; annann vetr ens fjórða tigar konungdóms hans, Fms. x. 33, Bs. i. 74; fjóra vetr ens tíunda tegar, Ó. H. (pref.); sex ens fjórða tigar, i. e. thirty-six, Thorodd; vikur tvær ens sétta tegar, i. e. fifty-two, Íb. 7; hann hafði sjau vetr ens sjaunda tigar, i. e. sixty-seven, Ld. 330; á enum sjaunda vetri ens sjaunda tugar aldrs síns, Eb. 125 new Ed.; á enum sétta vetri ens átta tugar aldrs síns, Sturl. ii. 187; Þorkell hafði átta vetr ens fimta tigar þá er hann druknaði, i. e. forty-eight, Ld. 326; átta dagar ens níunda tegar, i. e. eighty-two, 1812. 49; átta aurar ens fimta tigar, Grág. ii. 144; á níunda ári ens sjaunda tigar ens tíunda hundraðs, in the ninth year of the seventh ten of the tenth hundred (i. e. 969 A. D.), Fms. i. 67; þá var Egill á níunda tigi, then was Egil in the ninth ten ( between eighty and ninety years of age), Eg. 764; vetri fátt í fjóra tigu, one year short of four tens, i. e. thirty-nine, Fms. x. 2, v. l.; lítið fátt í fimm tigi vetra, iii. 60; einu ári fátt í fimm tigi, i. e. forty-nine, … vetri einum fátt í níu tigi ára gamall, i. e. aged eighty-nine, Fb. iii. 578: curious is the phrase, af-tig gamall, = Lat. unde-viginti, aged ‘lacking twenty,’ i. e. nineteen years old, Fms. vii. 84 (in a verse); the context and chronology shew that this is the sense, and not as explained in Lex. Poët. s. v. afstigr: níu tigir ok tvau ár (elliptically dropping gen. ára), Dipl. v. 3; whence lastly as adj., þrítigir álnir (sic) lérepts, id.; fjöre-tiger manns, Bs. i. 867. As this method was somewhat unwieldy, the counting by twenty was also resorted to, cp. Gramm. xxi, sex merkr ok tuttugu; spænir þrír ok tuttugu, … sjautján merkr ok tuttugu, Bs. i. 874 (Laur. S.), or the word tigr was altogether discarded, and replaced by skor or sneis (Engl. score, Dan. snees). ☞ As in vellums the numbers are mostly represented by Roman figures, and abbreviations used, the editions cannot in these cases be implicitly relied on; the same is the case with old texts preserved in mod. paper transcripts.

(acc. örvan), a.

1) swift, ready; neut., ört, fast; ísinn rak svá ört, at, the ice drifted so fast, that;

2) liberal, open-handed (allra manna örvastr); neut., ört, fully, quite; eigi ört hálfr fjórði tugr manna, not quite thirty-five men;

3) active, energetic.

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n., later or with a single r, and so in mod. usage; [Dan. ar, arret]:—a scar; ok sá þó á örrit alla æfi, Bs. i. 330; hann þreifaði of örr sára Dróttins, Greg. 14; greri ær (sic) hvít á hvarmum báðum, Hom. 116; mun örr þat sjá á fæti mér meðan ek lifi, Fb. i. 401, Karl. 61; meðal herða honum var örr gróit í kross, Fms. viii. 275 (eyrr, v. l.; aurr, Fb. ii. 636, l. c.); hann hafði örr í andliti, Ld. 274. örra-beinn, adj. ‘scar-leg,’ a nickname, Fs. 128, Landn.

adj., acc. örvan, pl. örvir; inn örvi; compar. örvari, örvastr: [root aru-; A. S. earu, Grein; Sansk. ar; Dan. ör, in the phrase ‘ör i hoved’ giddy in the head]:—swift, ready; örr tilfara, allstaðar þar er þurfti hans tilkvámu, Bs. i. 128: neut., hann (the ice) rak svá ört, at …, the ice drifted so fast, that …, Bárð. 9 new Ed.

2. neut. quite; eigi ört hálfr fjórði tugr manna, not quite forty-five men, Ann. 1362.

II. liberal, open-handed; miklu örvari af fé, passim; örr ok ölmusu-góðr, Bs. i. 81; örvastr konunga, Fms. xi. 203; allra manna örvastr, Eg. 517; mildr ok örr, 20; örr maðr ok stórmenni mikit, 38; örr ok gjöfull, 42; Einarr var örr maðr ok optast félítill, 691.

in compds, in fours: fer-elingr, m. four ells long, of a fish, Finnb. 220. fer-falda, að, to make fourfold, Stj. 148. fer-faldr, adj. fourfold, Rb. 334, El. 13, Fas. ii. 215, 343, Sturl. iii. 206, 656 A. 33. fer-fætingr, m. a quadruped, 656 C. 8. fer-fættr, adj. four-footed, Stj. 56, Sks. 628, Fas. iii. 272, N. G. L. i. 82; fjór-f., id., Sks. 628 B. fer-hyrndr, part. four-cornered, square, Stj. 57, 171, 205, Al. 109. fer-hyrningr, n. a square. fer-menningr, m. a fourth cousin, vide fjór-menningr. fer-nættingr, m. a period of four nights, K. Á. 182. fer-skepta, u, f. a stuff with fourfold warp, Vm. 52, 93, 115, Am. 50, 90, Jm. 9. fer-skeyta, tt, to square, 415. 18. fer-skeyttr, part. ‘four-sheeted,’ square, Edda, 623. 24: mathem., ferskeytt tala, a square number, Alg. 366; ferskeytt vísa, a quatrain, like the common ballad metre, as in the ditty—yrkja kvæði ólán bjó | eptir flestra sögu | en gaman er að geta þó | gert ferskeytta bögu. fer-skiptr, part. divided into four parts, Stj. 148, v. l. fer-strendr, adj. four-edged, Eg. 285, Sturl. ii. 134, Magn. 450. fer-söngr, m. a quartett, Bb. 2. 11. fer-tugandi, fer-tugasti, adj. fortieth, Fms. x. 73, v. l. fertug-faldr, adj. fortyfold, Stj. 147. fer-tugr (- tögr), adj. forty years old, Stj. 624, N. G. L. i. 106, Fms. iii. 26:— measuring forty (ells, fathoms, etc.). Fas. i. 298, Stj. 563; fertug drápa, a poem of forty verses, Fms. iii. 93; f. at rúma-tali. numbering forty ‘rooms,’ Fb. ii. 277. fer-ærðr, adj. four-oared, Ísl. ii. 74. fer-æringr, m. a four-oared boat. fer-ærr, adj. four years old, Dipl. ii. 16.

or fimm-tugr, adj. fifty years old, Fms. xi. 75:— measuring fifty (ells, fathoms, or the like), cp. áttræðr.

(acc. örvan), a.

1) swift, ready; neut., ört, fast; ísinn rak svá ört, at, the ice drifted so fast, that;

2) liberal, open-handed (allra manna örvastr); neut., ört, fully, quite; eigi ört hálfr fjórði tugr manna, not quite thirty-five men;

3) active, energetic.

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adj. an obsolete form = várr (q. v.), our; mara óra, Hkv. Hjörv. 5; órr alda-föðr, Vþm. 4; órum höllum, 7; óru hofi, Hým. 33; óru skipi, Hkv. Hjörv. 33; ór salkynni, Skm. 17; töður órar, Kormak; guð ór, Clem. 44; leið óra, 40; augu ór, Greg. 21; önd óra, Hom.; afrétt óra, Grág. ii. 314 A; krapta óra. Niðrst. 2; lögum órum, id.; lög ór, Íb. 17; byskopum órum, 3; órum löndum, Grág.; Drottni órum, 623. 7; úrækðir órar, Skálda 62 (Thorodd, with a nasal sound).

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(-da, -dr), v.

1) to put to shame;

2) to shorten, make shorter; dagr, nótt skemmist, the day, night shortens;

3) to damage, spoil (skemma vápn manna); vera skemmdr, to be hurt.

f. a small detached building, lady’s bower; storehouse.

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u, f. [prop. from skamr = short], a small detached building in an ancient dwelling, for sleeping in or for a lady’s bower; hann átti eina litla skemmu ok svaf hann þar jafnan, Fær. 259; þau vóru öll í svefni í skemmu einni, Gísl. 7. Ísl. ii. 38; sá hann Steingerði sitja í skemmu einni, Korm. 228; skemmu-búr, a bower, Eg. 560; skemmu-dyrr, -gluggr, -hurð, -veggr, Fms. ii. 125, iii. 67, iv. 335, Fær. 144, Fas. i. 197; skemmu-seta, sitting in a skemma, of ladies, iii. 68, Fms. ii. 90.

2. in mod. usage, a store-house used for keeping things in, an out-house; í skemmu þrettán dýnur ok tuttugu, átján skinn-beðir, hálfr fjórði tugr hæginda, Dipl. iii. 4. skemmu-mær, f. a chamber-maid, Fas. i. 193.

n. tablet, square, = speld( lög rituð á spjald); hlaða spjöldum, to weave chequered linen.

* * *

n., pl. spjöld, [Ulf. spilda = πινακίδιον, πλάξ]:—a square tablet; með spjöldum ok spilum, Stj. 563: a tablet in a church, brík yfir altari, spjöld tvau, Vm. 149; spjald ok á crucifixio. Ám. 58: the square wooden board in the binding of a book, átta bækr í spjöldum, Vm. 177; hálfr fimti tugr bóka í spjöldum, Dipl. v. 18: spjalda-laus, without a cover, id.: the phrase, spjaldanna á milli, from one cover to the other; eg hefi lesið bókina spjalda á milli, i. e. all, every word of it: vax-spjöld, wax-tablets, Sturl. iii: for writing, Lat. cera, skrifa á spjald, Stat. 275; kirkjunnar lög rituð á spjali(d) ok upp-fest, H. E. i. 501: the squares made in weaving by ladies, hlaða spjöldum, to make, weave, check, Gkv. 2. 26; hence a woman is in poets called spjalda gná, the fairy of the tablets, Skáld H. 6. 48; spennti eg miðja spjalda gná spriklaði sál á vörum, a ditty.

(þrjár, þrjú), card. numb. three.

* * *

þrjár, þrjú; gen. þriggja; dat. þrimr and þrim, later and mod. þremr, þrem; acc. þrjá, þrjár, þrjú: [Goth. þreis; A. S. þrî; Engl. three; O. H. G. drî; Germ. drei; Dan. tre; Lat.-Gr. tres, τρεις; etc.]:—three, Nj. 16, 23, 81, Grág. i. 82, ii. 392, Landn. 126, K. Þ. K. 164, Fms. v. 8, vii. 235, and passim; brjóta í þrjú (cp. í tvau), to break into three (mod. í þrennt), Hom. 141, Ísl. ii. 337.

B. COMPDS with þrí- = three-, thrice-: þrí-angaðr, adj. three-forked, Stj. 430, MS. 544. 15. þrí-boginn, part. thrice-bent, Bárð. 175. þrí-breiðr, adj. of triple breadth, of cloth, Rb. 120, D. N. i. 410. þrí-bryddr, part. with threefold mounting, Landn. 190. þrí-deila, u, f. the rule of three. þrí-deildr, part. divided into three parts, A.A. 283. þrí-deili, n. a third part (?), N. G. L. i. 356. þrí-delningr, m. a third part, B. K. 40. þrí-engdr, part. three-pronged, Stj. 430. þri-falda, að, to make threefold, Stj. 551. þrí-faldr, adj. threefold, = þrefaldr, Fb. i. 423. þrí-forn, adj. thrice-old, i. e. three years old; þrífornt smjör, Skíða R. 197. þrí-fættr, adj. three-legged, Vápn. 24; þrífættr piltr þrifinn ok vandstilltr, in a riddle of the distaff. þrí-gilda, d, to pay threefold, Fms. x. 172, Gþl. 359. þrí-gildr, part. of threefold value. þrí-greindr, part. three-branched, Stj. 57, 67. þrí-hendr, adj. a metrical term, each line having three rhyming syllables, Edda i. 648. þrí-heilagr, adj. lasting three days, of feasts, e. g. halda Jól þríheilagt, to keep Christmas three days. þrí-húsaðr, part. consisting of three houses, Stj. 57. þrí-hyrndr, part. [A. S. þryhyrned], three-horned, triangular, Fms. iii. 180. þrí-hyrningr, m. a triangle, Pr. 477, 478: a local name of a mountain, Landn., Nj. þrí-höfðaðr, adj. three-headed, Niðrst. 6, Skm. 31. þrí-kvíslaðr, part. three-branched, Stj. ch. 135, Al. 168, Karl. 299. þrí-liða, u, f. the rule of three, mathem. þrí-menningr, m. a third cousin, Fb. i. 287, Nj. 235, Gþl. 247; in K. Á. 140 even of a woman. þrí-merkingr, m. a ring weighing three ounces, Grág. ii. 171. þrí-mútaðr, thrice-moulted, of a falcon, Karl. 10. þrí-nættr, adj. three nights old, Edda 58; þing þrínætt, lasting three nights (days), Js. 37. þrí-skafinn, part. thrice-polished, Fas. ii. 326. þrí-skeptr, part. wadmal of three strands, cp. tvískeptr, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 246. þrí-skeyta, u, f. a triangle, Rb. (1812) 25. þrí-skipta, t, to divide into three parts, Stj. 451, N. G. L. i. 389. þrí-strendingr, m. a kind of shell, Eggert Itin. ch. 901. þrí-taka, tók, to repeat thrice. þrí-tíðungr, m. a bull three years old, N. G. L. i. 31, 99, Gþl. 111. þrí-tugandi, -undi (mod. þrí-tugasti), [A. S. þryttigoða], the thirtieth. Fms. x. 194, Rb. (1812) 3. þrítug-nátti, of thirty nights (days), of a month, Jb., Rb. 10, 56. þrí-tugr and þrí-tögr, adj. aged thirty, Fms. iv. 2, Hom. 55; þrítögr, Íb. 15: having thirty oars, þrítugt skip, Fms. vii. 234, N. G. L. i. 104: measuring thirty (fathoms, ells), Fas. i. 159, Landn. 51, Rb. 12 ( of thirty days). þrítugs-aldr, m. the age of thirty. þrítug-sessa, u, f. a thirty-oared ship, Nj. 42. þrítugs-morginn, m. the morning of the thirtieth day, N. G. L. i. 14. þrí-tugti, the thirtieth, D. N. iv. 343, 369. þrítög-náttr, adj. = þrítugnátti, of thirty nights, epithet of a month, Íb. 7. þrí-valdi, a, m. the name of a giant, Edda (in a verse). þrí-vegis, adv. thrice. þrí-vetr, adj. three winters old, = þrévetr, Eluc. 149, Stj. 111, O. H. L. ch. 77. þrí-vægr, adj. of triple weight, 732. 16. þrí-þættr, adj. three-twisted. þrí-æri, n. a period of three years, D. N. þrí-ærr, adj. three years old, Stj. 111.

m. -u-, gen. tigar; pl. tigir, acc. tigu

десяток, = tegr, tøgr, togr, tugr

* * *

с. м. р. - u- десяток