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  • 41 פָּטַר

    פָּטַר(b. h.) 1) to break through, open. Bekh.VIII, 1 (46a) (ref. to Ex. 13:2) עד שיִפְטְרוּ רחם מישראל (not שיפטרוה) provided they open the womb when the mother is an Israelite (although she conceived before her conversion); ib. 47a. 2) to send off, discharge, dismiss. Keth.XIII, 5, a. fr. או כנוס או פְּטוֹר (the betrothed has a right to say) either marry or release (me by divorce). Gitt.VI, 5 פִּטְרוּהָ … לא אמר כלום if one says to friends, ‘release her … he has said nothing (they are not authorized to write a letter of divorce, as it might mean, release her of her debts); ib. 65b ר׳ נתן אומר פַּטְּרוּהָ דבריו קיימין פִּיטָרוּהָ לא אמר כלום R. N. says, if he said paṭṭruha (Pi.), his words stand (a divorce is meant), but if he says piṭruha ( Kal) Ib. ר׳ נתן דבבלאה … בין פיטרוה לפטרוהוכ׳ R. N. who is a Babylonian, draws a distinction between piṭruha and paṭṭruha; our Tannai (in the Mishnah) being a Palestinian does not Ib. VIII, 4. פּוֹטֵר … בגט ישן a man may divorce his wife with an old letter of divorce (having been closeted with her after he had written it); Tosef. ib. VIII (VI), 3 אינו פוטרוכ׳ he must not divorce with an old letter, in order that the letter of divorce may not date farther back than (the conception of) her child; a. fr. 3) to dismiss, give leave, let go. Sot.IX, 6 ופְטַרְנוּהוּ בלא מזון and we let him (the stranger) go without provision. Midr. Till. to Ps. 91 מי גרול הפּוֹטֵר או הנִפְטָר which is the superior of the two? he who gives leave, or he who takes leave? Ib. (ref. to Gen. 32:27) הרי יעקב פוטר למלאך behold, Jacob gives leave to the angel; a. fr. 4) (law) to discharge, acquit; (ritual) to exempt from obligation, to declare free from punishment, eventually from sacrificial atonement, opp. חִיֵּיב. Erub.65a יכול אני לִפְטוֹרוכ׳ I can (by my plea) release from judgment the whole world (all Israelites) from the destruction of the Temple to the present time, for we read (Is. 51:21), Hear now this, thou afflicted and drunken (a drunken person is irresponsible); ib. מאי יכולני לפטור נמי מדין תפלה this ‘I can release means also from responsibility for neglect of prayer (the drunken not being permitted to pray). Succ.45b. Sabb.II, 5 ר׳ יוסי פוטר בכלןוכ׳ R. J. declares (him that did it) free from punishment or eventual sacrifice in all those cases, except Ker.IV, 2 ר׳ יהושע פוטר R. J. absolves him from bringing a sin-offering, opp. מחייב חטאת. Snh.V, 5 אם מצאו לו זכות פְּטָרוּהוּ if they found evidence in his favor, they (the court) acquitted him; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cause exemption; to cover, include. Ber.VI, 5 ברך על היין … פ׳ את הייןוכ׳ if he recited the blessing over wine before the meal, he has therewith exempted the wine offered after the meal (from an additional blessing). Ib. 7 מברך על העיקר ופוטר את הטפלה he says the blessing over the chief dish, and with this he covers that which goes with it (v. טְפֵלָה). Yeb.I, 1 חמש … פּוֹטְרוֹת צרותיהן fifteen women (of various kinship with the yabam, by which he is prevented from marrying any of them) cover their rivals (making them free from dependence on the yabam for marriage or discharge); a. fr.Part. pass. פָּטוּר; f. פְּטוּרָה; pl. פְּטוּרִים, פְּטוּרִין; פְּטוּרוֹת (is, are) exempt, free, opp. חַיָּיב. Peah I, 6 ופ׳ מן המעשרותוכ׳ and he need not give the tithes, until B. Mets.VIII, 1 פ׳ (sub. מלשלם) he is free from indemnity. Ib. VII, 10 מתנה … להיות פ׳ משבועה may have an agreement to be eventually exempt from making oath; להיות פ׳ מלשלם to be exempt from responsibility. Kidd.I, 7 כל מצות הבן על האב … ונשים פ׳ to all paternal duties men are bound, but women (mothers) are exempt from them. Yeb.I, 2 כשם שבתו פ׳ כך צרתה פ׳ as well as his (the yabams) daughter is exempt (from the law of levirate marriage, because the yabam cannot marry her), so her rival is exempt; a. v. fr. Pi. פִּיטֵּר to dismiss; to divorce. Gitt.65b, v. supra. Kidd.31b פַּטְּרוּנִי dismiss (escort) me; a. e. Nif. נִפְטָר, Hithpa. הִתְפַטֵּר 1) to be exempted, freed. Bekh.II, 1 לא נִפְטְרוּ מבכורוכ׳ they (the Levites) have not been exempted from consecrating the firstborn of clean animals, but only from redeeming their firstborn sons and the firstborn of asses; a. e. 2) to be dismissed, take leave, depart. Yoma I, 5 נפטרו והלכו להם they took leave and went. Sot.IX, 5. Ber.64a הנ׳ מחבירווכ׳ he who leaves his friend (after escorting him a distance) must not say, ‘go in peace, but, ‘go to peace; הנ׳ מן המתוכ׳ he who takes leave of the dead (after burial) Ib. 31a; Erub.64a לא יִפָּטֵר אדםוכ׳ one must not leave a friend otherwise than with a word of tradition (on legal or religious subjects), by which he may remember him; a. fr.Esp. to depart this world, to die. Ber.17a גדל בשם טוב ונ׳ בשם טוב מן העולם who grew (lived) with a good name, and left the world with a good name. Tem.16a בשעהשנ׳ משה רבינו לגן עדן when Moses our teacher was to depart for paradise. Gen. R. s. 96; a. fr.Yalk. Koh. 989 בשעה … מִתְפַּטְּרִיםוכ׳ when the children are dismissed from school. Hif. הִפְטִיר 1) to discard; ה׳ בשפה to discard with the lip, to spurn. Pesik. R. s. 37 מחרקין … ומַפְטִירִים בשפתותיהם gnashed their teeth … and spurned with their lips (ref. to Ps. 22:8). Treat. Der. Er. ch. 2 מפְטִירֵי שפה (= מפטירין בשפה). 2) to dismiss, adjourn a meeting. Y.Ber.IV, 7d top הַפְטֵר את העם dismiss the people (adjourn the meeting). M. Kat. 5b, v. בָּכָה. Ḥull.51a מַפְטִיר כנסיות one who dismisses the assemblies, janitor, v. כְּנֶסֶת.Pes.X, 8, v. אֶפִּיקוֹמָן; a. e. 3) ( to recite before dismissal, to conclude the reading from the Law by reading a portion of the Prophets, to read the Hafṭarah (v. הַפְטָרָה). Meg.IV, 1 בשני … ואין מַפְטִירִין בנביא on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturday afternoons three persons read from the Law …, and we do not close with a lesson from the Prophets. Ib. 5 המפטיר בנביא הואוכ׳ he who concludes with the prophetic lesson (being the last of those called up) has the privilege of, v. פָּרַס; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > פָּטַר

  • 42 at

    preposition
    1) (expr. place) an (+ Dat.)

    at the station — am Bahnhof

    at the baker's/butcher's/grocer's — beim Bäcker/Fleischer/Kaufmann

    at the chemist's — in der Apotheke/Drogerie

    at the supermarket — im Supermarkt

    at the office/hotel — im Büro/Hotel

    at Dover — in Dover

    2) (expr. time)

    at Christmas/Whitsun/Easter — [zu od. an] Weihnachten/Pfingsten/Ostern

    at six o'clock — um sechs Uhr

    at midday — am Mittag; mittags

    at [the age of] 40 — mit 40; im Alter von 40

    at this/the moment — in diesem/im Augenblick od. Moment

    3) (expr. price)

    at £2.50 [each] — zu od. für [je] 2,50 Pfund

    4)

    while we're/you're etc. at it — wenn wir/du usw. schon dabei sind/bist usw.

    so while I was at it,... — und wo od. da ich schon dabei war...

    at that — (at that point) dabei; (at that provocation) daraufhin; (moreover) noch dazu

    * * *
    [æt]
    1) (position: They are not at home; She lives at 33 Forest Road) zu; an; in; bei
    2) (direction: He looked at her; She shouted at the boys.) zu; nach; auf
    3) (time: He arrived at ten o'clock; The children came at the sound of the bell.) um; bei; auf
    4) (state or occupation: The countries are at war; She is at work.) in; auf; bei
    5) (pace or speed: He drove at 120 kilometres per hour.) mit
    6) (cost: bread at $1.20 a loaf.) für
    •
    - academic.ru/94827/at_all">at all
    * * *
    at
    [æt, ət]
    1. (in location of)
    she's standing \at the bar sie steht an der Theke
    my number \at the office is 2154949 meine Nummer im Büro lautet 2154949
    she lives \at number 12, Darlington Road sie wohnt in der Darlington Road Nummer 12
    there's somebody \at the door da ist jemand an der Tür
    he was standing \at the top of the stairs er stand oben an der Treppe
    \at Anna's bei Anna
    \at the airport/station am Flughafen/Bahnhof
    \at the baker's/doctor's beim Bäcker/Arzt
    \at home zu Hause
    \at a hotel in einem Hotel
    \at the table am Tisch
    \at the window am Fenster
    \at the zoo im Zoo
    we spent the afternoon \at the museum wir verbrachten den Nachmittag im Museum
    while he was \at his last job, he learned a lot in seiner letzten Stelle hat er viel gelernt
    \at the institute am Institut
    \at the party/festival auf [o bei] der Party/dem Festival
    \at school in der Schule
    \at university auf [o an] der Universität
    \at work auf [o bei] der Arbeit
    he's \at work at the moment er arbeitet gerade
    3. (expressing point of time)
    he was defeated \at the election er wurde bei der Wahl geschlagen
    what are you doing \at Christmas? was macht ihr an Weihnachten?
    our train leaves \at 2 o'clock unser Zug fährt um 2:00 Uhr
    I'm busy \at present [or the moment] ich bin gerade beschäftigt
    I can't come to the phone \at the moment ich kann gerade nicht ans Telefon kommen
    we always read the kids a story \at bedtime wir lesen den Kindern zum Schlafengehen immer eine Geschichte vor
    I can't do ten things \at a time ich kann nicht tausend Sachen auf einmal machen
    his death came \at a time when... sein Tod kam zu einem Zeitpunkt, als...
    the bells ring \at regular intervals die Glocken läuten in regelmäßigen Abständen
    \at the age of 60 im Alter von 60
    most people retire \at 65 die meisten Leute gehen mit 65 in Rente
    \at the beginning/end am Anfang/Ende
    \at daybreak/dawn im Morgengrauen
    \at lunch beim Mittagessen
    \at lunchtime in der Mittagspause
    \at midnight um Mitternacht
    \at night nachts
    \at nightfall bei Einbruch der Nacht
    \at this stage of research beim derzeitigen Stand der Forschung
    five \at a time fünf auf einmal
    \at the time zu diesem Zeitpunkt
    \at the time, nobody knew damals wusste keiner Bescheid
    \at no time [or point] [or stage] nie[mals]
    \at the same time (simultaneously) gleichzeitig; (on the other hand)
    I love snow — \at the same time, however, I hate the cold ich liebe Schnee — andererseits hasse ich jedoch die Kälte
    \at the weekend am Wochenende
    4. (denoting amount, degree of)
    he can see clearly \at a distance of 50 metres er kann auf eine Entfernung von 50 Metern noch alles erkennen
    learners of English \at advanced levels Englischlernende mit fortgeschrittenen Kenntnissen
    he drives \at any speed he likes er fährt so schnell wie er will
    the horse raced to the fence \at a gallop das Pferd raste im Galopp auf den Zaun zu
    the children came \at a run die Kinder kamen angerannt
    I'm not going to buy those shoes \at $150! ich zahle keine 150 Dollar für diese Schuhe!
    \at that price, I can't afford it zu diesem Preis kann ich es mir nicht leisten
    inflation is running \at 5% die Inflation liegt im Moment bei 5 %
    \at £20 apiece für 20 Pfund das Stück
    \at 50 kilometres per hour mit [o bei] 50 km/h
    he denied driving \at 120 km per hour er leugnete, 120 Stundenkilometer gefahren zu sein
    the country was \at war das Land befand sich im Krieg
    there was a murderer \at large ein Mörder war auf freiem Fuß
    to be \at an advantage/a disadvantage im Vorteil/Nachteil sein
    to be \at ease with oneself sich akk in seiner Haut wohl fühlen
    to be \at ease with sb sich akk mit jdm zusammen wohl fühlen
    to be \at fault im Unrecht sein
    \at a loss/profit mit Verlust/Gewinn
    to be \at peace ( euph) in Frieden ruhen
    \at play beim Spielen
    \at one's own risk auf eigene Gefahr
    to put sb/sth \at risk jdn/etw gefährden
    to be \at a standstill stillstehen
    6. + superl
    she's \at her best when she's under stress sie ist am besten, wenn sie unter Druck steht
    he's been \at his worst recently zurzeit übertrifft er sich echt selbst! fam
    he was \at his happiest while he was still in school in der Schule war er am glücklichsten
    \at least (at minimum) mindestens; (if nothing else) zumindest
    \at [the] most [aller]höchstens
    I was so depressed \at the news die Nachricht hat mich sehr deprimiert
    we are unhappy \at the current circumstances über die gegenwärtigen Umstände sind wir sehr unglücklich
    don't be angry \at her! ( fam) sei nicht sauer auf sie!
    I'm amazed \at the way you can talk ich bin erstaunt, wie du reden kannst
    to be annoyed \at sth sich akk über etw akk ärgern
    to be good/poor \at sth etw gut/schlecht können
    to be good \at math gut in Mathematik sein
    she shuddered \at the thought of having to fly in an airplane sie erschauderte bei dem Gedanken, mit einem Flugzeug fliegen zu müssen
    he excels \at diving er ist ein hervorragender Taucher
    the dog gnawed \at the bone der Hund knabberte an dem Knochen herum
    she clutched \at the thin gown sie klammerte sich an den dünnen Morgenmantel
    if you persevere \at a skill long enough,... wenn man eine Fertigkeit lange genug trainiert,...
    some dogs howl \at the moon manche Hunde heulen den Mond an
    to aim \at sb auf jdn zielen
    to aim \at sth etw zum Ziel haben
    to go \at sb jdn angreifen
    to hint \at sth etw andeuten
    to laugh \at sth über etw akk lachen
    to look \at sb jdn anschauen
    to rush \at sb auf jdn zurennen
    to wave \at sb jdm zuwinken
    her pleasure \at the bouquet was plain to see ihre Freude über den Blumenstrauß war unübersehbar
    to be an expert \at sth ein Experte für etw akk sein
    to be a failure \at sth eine Niete in etw dat sein
    10. (in response to)
    I'm here \at his invitation ich bin hier, da er mich eingeladen hat
    \at your request... auf Ihre Bitte hin...
    \at her death, we all moved away nach ihrem Tod zogen wir alle weg
    \at this [or that] ... daraufhin...
    11. (repeatedly do)
    to be \at sth mit etw dat beschäftigt sein
    he's been \at it for at least 15 years er macht das jetzt schon seit mindestens 15 Jahren
    12.
    ▶ \at all:
    she barely made a sound \at all sie gab fast überhaupt keinen Laut von sich
    I haven't been well \at all recently in letzter Zeit ging es mir gar nicht gut
    did she suffer \at all? hat sie denn gelitten?
    ▶ nothing/nobody \at all gar [o überhaupt] nichts/niemand
    ▶ not \at all (polite response) gern geschehen, keine Ursache, da nicht für NORDD; (definitely not) keineswegs
    I'm not \at all in a hurry ich habe es wirklich nicht eilig
    ▶ to be \at sb jdm zusetzen
    ▶ \at first zuerst, am Anfang
    ▶ to be \at it:
    while we're \at it... wo wir gerade dabei sind,...
    ▶ \at last endlich, schließlich
    ▶ \at that:
    she's got a new boyfriend, and a nice one \at that sie hat einen neuen Freund, und sogar einen netten
    ▶ where it's \at ( fam)
    London is where it's \at in London steppt der Bär! sl
    ▶ where sb's \at ( fam)
    she really doesn't know where she's \at sie weiß wirklich nicht, wo ihr der Kopf steht
    * * *
    prep
    1) (position) an (+dat), bei (+dat); (with place) in (+dat)

    at the window — am or beim Fenster

    this is where it's at ( esp US inf ) — da gehts ab (sl), da geht die Post ab

    he doesn't know where he's at (inf) — der weiß ja nicht, was er tut (inf)

    2)

    (direction) to aim/shoot/point etc at sb/sth — auf jdn/etw zielen/schießen/zeigen etc

    to look/growl/swear etc at sb/sth —

    3)

    (time, frequency, order) at ten o'clock — um zehn Uhr

    at night/dawn — bei Nacht/beim or im Morgengrauen

    at Christmas/Easter etc — zu Weihnachten/Ostern etc

    at your age/16 (years of age) — in deinem Alter/mit 16 (Jahren)

    at the start/end of sth — am Anfang/am Ende einer Sache (gen)

    4)

    (activity) at play — beim Spiel

    good/bad/an expert at sth — gut/schlecht/ein Experte in etw

    his employees/creditors are at him — seine Angestellten/Gläubiger setzen ihm zu

    5)

    (state, condition) to be at an advantage — im Vorteil sein

    at a loss/profit — mit Verlust/Gewinn

    See:
    6) (= as a result of, upon) auf (+acc)... (hin)

    at his request —

    at that/this he left the room — daraufhin verließ er das Zimmer

    7) (cause = with) angry, annoyed, delighted etc über (+acc)
    8)

    (rate, value, degree) at full speed/50 km/h — mit voller Geschwindigkeit/50 km/h

    at 5% interest — zu 5% Zinsen

    at a high/low price — zu einem hohen/niedrigen Preis

    with inflation at this level — bei so einer Inflationsrate

    See:
    → all, cost, rate
    * * *
    at [æt] präp
    1. (Ort, Stelle) in (dat), an (dat), bei, zu, auf (dat)( in Verbindung mit Städtenamen steht at im Allgemeinen bei kleineren Städten, bei größeren Städten nur dann, wenn sie bloß als Durchgangsstationen, besonders auf Reisen, betrachtet werden;
    bei London und der Stadt, in der der Sprecher wohnt, ebenso nach here, steht stets in, nie at):
    at the baker’s beim Bäcker;
    at the battle of N. in der Schlacht bei N.;
    at the door an der Tür;
    he lives at 48, Main Street er wohnt Main Street Nr. 48;
    he was educated at Christ’s College er hat am Christ’s College studiert;
    jogging is where it’s at umg es geht nichts über Jogging
    2. (Richtung etc) auf (akk), gegen, nach, bei, durch:
    he threw a stone at the door er warf einen Stein gegen die Tür
    3. (Beschäftigung etc) bei, beschäftigt mit, in (dat):
    he is still at it er ist noch dabei oder d(a)ran oder damit beschäftigt
    4. (Art und Weise, Zustand, Lage) in (dat), bei, zu, unter (dat), nach:
    at all überhaupt;
    not at all überhaupt oder durchaus oder gar nicht, keineswegs;
    not at all! umg nichts zu danken!, gern geschehen!;
    nothing at all gar nichts, überhaupt nichts;
    no doubts at all überhaupt oder gar keine Zweifel, keinerlei Zweifel;
    is he at all suitable? ist er überhaupt geeignet?;
    I wasn’t surprised at all ich war nicht im Geringsten überrascht
    5. (Ursprung, Grund, Anlass) über (akk), bei, von, aus, auf (akk), anlässlich
    6. (Preis, Wert, Verhältnis, Ausmaß, Grad etc) für, um, zu, auf (akk), mit, bei:
    at 6 dollars für oder zu 6 Dollar
    7. (Zeit, Alter) um, bei, zu, im Alter von, auf (dat), an (dat):
    at 21 mit 21 (Jahren), im Alter von 21 Jahren;
    at 3 o’clock um 3 Uhr;
    at his death bei seinem Tod (Siehe weitere Verbindungen bei den entsprechenden Stichwörtern.)
    * * *
    preposition
    1) (expr. place) an (+ Dat.)

    at the baker's/butcher's/grocer's — beim Bäcker/Fleischer/Kaufmann

    at the chemist's — in der Apotheke/Drogerie

    at the office/hotel — im Büro/Hotel

    2) (expr. time)

    at Christmas/Whitsun/Easter — [zu od. an] Weihnachten/Pfingsten/Ostern

    at midday — am Mittag; mittags

    at [the age of] 40 — mit 40; im Alter von 40

    at this/the moment — in diesem/im Augenblick od. Moment

    3) (expr. price)

    at £2.50 [each] — zu od. für [je] 2,50 Pfund

    4)

    while we're/you're etc. at it — wenn wir/du usw. schon dabei sind/bist usw.

    so while I was at it,... — und wo od. da ich schon dabei war...

    at that — (at that point) dabei; (at that provocation) daraufhin; (moreover) noch dazu

    * * *
    (for) a reasonable price expr.
    kostengünstig adv. prep.
    an präp.
    auf präp.
    bei präp.
    im präp.
    in präp.
    um präp.
    zu präp.
    über präp.

    English-german dictionary > at

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