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121 Osborne, Adam
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 6 February 1939 Bangkok, Thailand[br]British computer pioneer, producer of the first practical portable microcomputer.[br]Born of British parents, Osborne spent some time in India before moving to the UK. He obtained a BSc in chemical engineering at Birmingham University in 1961, then worked for a number of companies in the USA before obtaining a PhD at the University of Delaware. He was then employed by the Shell Oil Company, near San Francisco, California, but he resigned in 1971 to write and to study computing. In 1975 he published a book on microcomputers that sold 20,000 copies in less than a year. He then set up a publishing firm, Osborne and Associates, which he sold to McGraw-Hill in 1979. Subsequently, he formed the Osborne Computer Company and in March 1981 he introduced the Osborne I, the first portable microcomputer. Features of this innovative machine, which sold for under US$2,000, were a full-size keyboard, a CRT (cathode ray tube) display, dual floppy-disk drives, a CP/M operating system, Wordstar word-processing, SuperCalc (a financial-analysis package) and interpretive and compiled BASIC. By late 1982 the company had over 1,000 employees and sales had reached US$70 million, but within a year the company was bankrupt, a débâcle that Osborne later described in a book. Following this he returned to publishing with the formation of Paperback Software International.[br]Bibliography1975, An Introduction to Microcomputers: Adam Osborne \& Associates. 1984, Hypergrowth: The Rise and Fall of the Osborne Computer Co.KF -
122 تمرد (على)
تَمَرَّدَ (عَلى) \ disobey: not to obey. mutiny: (of soldiers, etc.) to refuse to obey one’s officers. rebel: to fight against one’s own government; refuse to obey sb. who is in charge (leader, parent, teacher, etc.): The villagers rebelled against an order to close their school. revolt: to rise and fight against the government. rise: (of any large group) to take up arms against the government. -
123 ربوة
رَبْوَة \ rise: a small hill; a higher piece of ground: We come over the rise and saw the sea. -
124 مرتفع
مُرْتَفَع \ height: a very high point; the highest point: Among the mountain heights; at the height of the storm. rise: a small hill; a higher piece of ground: We come over the rise and saw the sea. -
125 disobey
تَمَرَّدَ (عَلى) \ disobey: not to obey. mutiny: (of soldiers, etc.) to refuse to obey one’s officers. rebel: to fight against one’s own government; refuse to obey sb. who is in charge (leader, parent, teacher, etc.): The villagers rebelled against an order to close their school. revolt: to rise and fight against the government. rise: (of any large group) to take up arms against the government. -
126 mutiny
تَمَرَّدَ (عَلى) \ disobey: not to obey. mutiny: (of soldiers, etc.) to refuse to obey one’s officers. rebel: to fight against one’s own government; refuse to obey sb. who is in charge (leader, parent, teacher, etc.): The villagers rebelled against an order to close their school. revolt: to rise and fight against the government. rise: (of any large group) to take up arms against the government. -
127 rebel
تَمَرَّدَ (عَلى) \ disobey: not to obey. mutiny: (of soldiers, etc.) to refuse to obey one’s officers. rebel: to fight against one’s own government; refuse to obey sb. who is in charge (leader, parent, teacher, etc.): The villagers rebelled against an order to close their school. revolt: to rise and fight against the government. rise: (of any large group) to take up arms against the government. -
128 revolt
تَمَرَّدَ (عَلى) \ disobey: not to obey. mutiny: (of soldiers, etc.) to refuse to obey one’s officers. rebel: to fight against one’s own government; refuse to obey sb. who is in charge (leader, parent, teacher, etc.): The villagers rebelled against an order to close their school. revolt: to rise and fight against the government. rise: (of any large group) to take up arms against the government.
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