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to+have+the+least+food

  • 61 probieren

    vt/i
    1. (versuchen) try; (ausprobieren) try out; probier doch mal try it (out), have a try ( oder go); probier es noch mal try again, have another try ( oder go); probieren, etw. zu tun try to do s.th.; es probieren mit try s.th., s.o. (oder + Ger.), have a try at s.th. (oder + Ger.); es bei jemandem probieren umg. try it on with s.o.; Probieren geht über Studieren the proof of the pudding is in the eating
    2. (kosten) try, taste; probier mal, ob ( dir) das schmeckt see if that tastes all right (Am. umg. alright), see if you like it; kann ich mal probieren? can I have a taste?
    3. (anprobieren) try on; möchten Sie das Kleid / die Schuhe probieren? would you like to try on the dress / shoes?; etw. wegen der Größe probieren try s.th. on for size
    4. THEAT. (proben) rehearse
    * * *
    to taste; to test; to try
    * * *
    pro|bie|ren [pro'biːrən] ptp probiert
    1. vt
    1) (= versuchen) to try, to have a go (Brit) or try at; (= prüfen) to try (out), to test

    probíéren Sie es noch mal! — try (it) again!, have another go (Brit) or try!

    lass ( es) mich mal probíéren! — let me try!, let me have a go (Brit) or a try!

    2) (= kosten) Speisen, Getränke to try, to taste, to sample
    3) (= proben) to rehearse
    2. vi
    1) (= versuchen) to try, to have a go (Brit) or a try

    Probieren geht über Studieren (Prov) — the proof of the pudding is in the eating (Prov)

    2) (= kosten) to have a taste, to try

    probier mal — try some, have a taste

    3) (= proben) to rehearse
    * * *
    1) (to test a sample of: He sampled my cake.) sample
    2) (to test or find out the flavour or quality of (food etc) by eating or drinking a little of it: Please taste this and tell me if it is too sweet.) taste
    3) (to test; to make an experiment (with) in order to find out whether something will be successful, satisfactory etc: She tried washing her hair with a new shampoo; Try one of these sweets.) try
    * * *
    pro·bie·ren *
    [proˈbi:rən]
    I. vt
    ▪ etw \probieren to try [or taste] [or sample] sth
    ▪ es [mit etw dat] \probieren to try [or to have a go [or try] at] it [with sth]
    ich habe es schon mit vielen Diäten probiert I have already tried many diets
    ▪ \probieren, etw zu tun to try to do sth
    ich werde \probieren, sie zu überreden I will try to persuade her
    ▪ etw \probieren to try sth out
    ein neues Medikament \probieren to try out a new medicine
    ▪ etw \probieren to try on sth sep
    4. THEAT to rehearse
    ein Stück \probieren to rehearse a play
    II. vi
    ▪ [von etw dat] \probieren to try some [or have a taste] [of sth]
    willst du nicht wenigstens einmal \probieren won't you at least try it once
    ▪ \probieren, ob/was/wie... to try and see whether/what/how...
    ich werde \probieren, ob ich das alleine schaffe I'll see if I can do it alone
    3.
    ▶ P\probieren geht über Studieren (prov) the proof of the pudding is in the eating prov
    III. vr (fam)
    sich akk als Dozent/Schreiner \probieren to work as a lecturer/carpenter for a short time
    * * *
    1.
    1) (versuchen) try; have a go or try at
    2) (kosten) taste; try; sample
    3) (ausprobieren) try out; (anprobieren) try on <clothes, shoes>
    2.
    1) (versuchen) try; have a go or try
    2) (kosten) have a taste
    * * *
    probieren v/t & v/i
    1. (versuchen) try; (ausprobieren) try out;
    probier doch mal try it (out), have a try ( oder go);
    probier es noch mal try again, have another try ( oder go);
    probieren, etwas zu tun try to do sth;
    es probieren mit try sth, sb (oder +ger), have a try at sth (oder +ger);
    es bei jemandem probieren umg try it on with sb;
    Probieren geht über Studieren the proof of the pudding is in the eating
    2. (kosten) try, taste;
    probier mal, ob (dir) das schmeckt see if that tastes all right (US umg alright), see if you like it;
    kann ich mal probieren? can I have a taste?
    3. (anprobieren) try on;
    möchten Sie das Kleid/die Schuhe probieren? would you like to try on the dress/shoes?;
    4. THEAT (proben) rehearse
    * * *
    1.
    1) (versuchen) try; have a go or try at
    2) (kosten) taste; try; sample
    3) (ausprobieren) try out; (anprobieren) try on <clothes, shoes>
    2.
    1) (versuchen) try; have a go or try
    2) (kosten) have a taste
    * * *
    v.
    to sample v.
    to try v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > probieren

  • 62 esconder

    v.
    to hide, to conceal.
    * * *
    1 to hide, conceal
    1 to hide
    * * *
    verb
    to hide, conceal
    * * *
    1.
    VT to hide, conceal (de from)
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo to hide, conceal (frml)
    2.
    esconderse v pron
    1) (refl) persona to hide
    2) ( estar oculto) to hide, lie hidden
    * * *
    = hide, obscure, ensconce, tuck away, dissimulate, hide out, conceal, stash away, cache.
    Ex. These complications were not hidden or implicit; they were clearly set out at the beginning of the volume under 'Rules for the Compilation of the Catalog'.
    Ex. A pseudonym is the name assumed by an author to conceal or obscure his or her identity.
    Ex. The foreman ensconced in one of the cages and the master-printer in the other.
    Ex. It is rumoured to be, at least in part, tucked away in one of the attics of the Science Library, a forgotten monument to a great but unsuccessful idea = Se rumorea que se encuentra oculto, al menos en parte, en uno de los áticos de la Biblioteca de Ciencias, monumento olvidado a una gran idea pero sin éxito.
    Ex. He highlights the fact that the amount of time spent lying, dissimulating, and conforming in matters of religious faith was a huge issue in the 16th century.
    Ex. It tells the story of a young detective who stumbles across a stash of jewel thieves hiding out in an abandoned house.
    Ex. He merely said, striving to conceal his anger: 'I'll see what I can do'.
    Ex. Almost everybody we know had their treasures or some of their personal items stashed away in an old cigar box.
    Ex. Previous studies in which squirrels were provisioned with an abundant supply of food found a reduction in the rate of caching.
    ----
    * de tirar la piedra y esconder la mano = hit-and-run.
    * esconder escollos para = hold + pitfalls for.
    * esconder la cabeza como el avestruz = bury + Posesivo + head in the sand (like an ostrich), stick + Posesivo + head in the sand.
    * esconder peligros para = hold + pitfalls for.
    * esconderse = skulk, go into + hiding.
    * esconderse de miedo = cower.
    * esconderse detrás de = hide behind.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo to hide, conceal (frml)
    2.
    esconderse v pron
    1) (refl) persona to hide
    2) ( estar oculto) to hide, lie hidden
    * * *
    = hide, obscure, ensconce, tuck away, dissimulate, hide out, conceal, stash away, cache.

    Ex: These complications were not hidden or implicit; they were clearly set out at the beginning of the volume under 'Rules for the Compilation of the Catalog'.

    Ex: A pseudonym is the name assumed by an author to conceal or obscure his or her identity.
    Ex: The foreman ensconced in one of the cages and the master-printer in the other.
    Ex: It is rumoured to be, at least in part, tucked away in one of the attics of the Science Library, a forgotten monument to a great but unsuccessful idea = Se rumorea que se encuentra oculto, al menos en parte, en uno de los áticos de la Biblioteca de Ciencias, monumento olvidado a una gran idea pero sin éxito.
    Ex: He highlights the fact that the amount of time spent lying, dissimulating, and conforming in matters of religious faith was a huge issue in the 16th century.
    Ex: It tells the story of a young detective who stumbles across a stash of jewel thieves hiding out in an abandoned house.
    Ex: He merely said, striving to conceal his anger: 'I'll see what I can do'.
    Ex: Almost everybody we know had their treasures or some of their personal items stashed away in an old cigar box.
    Ex: Previous studies in which squirrels were provisioned with an abundant supply of food found a reduction in the rate of caching.
    * de tirar la piedra y esconder la mano = hit-and-run.
    * esconder escollos para = hold + pitfalls for.
    * esconder la cabeza como el avestruz = bury + Posesivo + head in the sand (like an ostrich), stick + Posesivo + head in the sand.
    * esconder peligros para = hold + pitfalls for.
    * esconderse = skulk, go into + hiding.
    * esconderse de miedo = cower.
    * esconderse detrás de = hide behind.

    * * *
    esconder [E1 ]
    vt
    to hide, conceal ( frml)
    A ( refl) «persona» to hide esconderse DE algn to hide FROM sb
    B
    1 (estar oculto) to hide, lie hidden
    detrás de esa apariencia agresiva se esconde un corazón de oro behind that aggressive exterior hides o there lies a heart of gold
    2 «sol» to go in
    * * *

     

    esconder ( conjugate esconder) verbo transitivo
    to hide, conceal (frml)
    esconderse verbo pronominal
    1 ( refl) [ persona] to hide;
    esconderse de algn to hide from sb
    2 ( estar oculto) to hide, lie hidden
    esconder verbo transitivo to hide [de, from]
    (la verdad, una información) to conceal [de, from]
    ♦ Locuciones: tirar la piedra y esconder la mano, to do something wrong and then act innocently
    ' esconder' also found in these entries:
    English:
    harbor
    - harbour
    - hide
    - secrete
    - box
    - draw
    - secret
    - stash
    - stow
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    to hide, to conceal;
    me esconden el tabaco they hide my cigarettes
    * * *
    v/t hide, conceal
    * * *
    ocultar: to hide, to conceal
    * * *
    esconder vb to hide [pt. hid; pp. hidden]
    ¿dónde has escondido el dinero? where have you hid the money?

    Spanish-English dictionary > esconder

  • 63 techo

    m.
    1 roof (tejado).
    bajo techo under cover
    dormir bajo techo to sleep with a roof over one's head o indoors
    los sin techo the homeless
    2 ceiling.
    la crisis ha tocado techo the worst of the recession is behind us
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: techar.
    * * *
    1 (interior) ceiling; (de coche, tejado) roof
    3 (en aviación) ceiling
    \
    tocar techo figurado to top out
    vivir bajo el mismo techo figurado to live under the same roof
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) roof
    * * *
    SM
    1) [interior] ceiling; [exterior] (Aut) roof

    techo corredizo, techo solar — (Aut) sunroof

    2) (=límite, tope) ceiling, limit; (Econ) ceiling

    ha tocado techo — it has reached its upper limit, it has peaked

    3) (Aer) ceiling
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( cielo raso) ceiling
    b) (AmL) (tejado, cubierta) roof

    bajo techo — indoors o under cover

    c) (hogar, casa) house
    2) (nivel, cota) ceiling

    rebasó el techo del 8% — it exceeded the 8% ceiling o limit

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( cielo raso) ceiling
    b) (AmL) (tejado, cubierta) roof

    bajo techo — indoors o under cover

    c) (hogar, casa) house
    2) (nivel, cota) ceiling

    rebasó el techo del 8% — it exceeded the 8% ceiling o limit

    * * *
    techo1
    1 = ceiling, roof.

    Ex: The architect's brief specifies that conduit (of sewer pipe size if possible) should be provided for electrical wiring with outlets placed in the ceiling every metre.

    Ex: The design of roof spaces, floors, walls and columns should all be considered in terms of their use for IT purpose.
    * araña de techo = chandelier.
    * bajo un mismo techo = under one roof.
    * cambiar el techo de un edificio = re-roof.
    * colgar del techo = hang overhead.
    * con techo de latón = tin-roofed.
    * gente sin techo = homeless people.
    * persona sin techo = homeless man [homeless people, -pl.].
    * personas sin techo = homelessness.
    * placa del techo = ceiling tile.
    * plancha del techo = ceiling tile.
    * sin techo = homeless.
    * sin techo, los = homeless, the.
    * techo de vidrio = glass ceiling.
    * ventilador de techo = ceiling fan.
    * viga del techo = rafter.

    techo2
    2 = ceiling.

    Ex: The Taiwan government is planning to lift the subsidy ceiling for solar equipment makers aiming to increase self-sufficiency to 80%.

    * techo de cristal = glass ceiling.

    * * *
    A
    1 (cielo raso) ceiling
    2 ( AmL) (tejado, cubierta) roof
    bajo techo indoors o under cover
    3 (hogar, casa) house
    todos viven bajo el mismo techo they all live under the same roof o in the same house
    muchas familias quedaron sin techo many families were left homeless o without a roof over their heads
    para tirar al techo ( Arg fam): tienen plata para tirar al techo they have money to burn ( colloq), they have loads of money ( colloq)
    Compuesto:
    sunroof
    B
    1 (de un avión) ceiling
    2 (nivel, cota) ceiling
    rebasó el techo del 8% it exceeded the 8% ceiling o limit
    tratan de elevar su techo electoral a 105 escaños they are trying to raise their quota of seats to 105
    los precios ya han tocado techo prices have peaked o have gone as high as they're going to go o have reached their highest point
    Compuesto:
    glass ceiling
    * * *

     

    Del verbo techar: ( conjugate techar)

    techo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    techó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    techar    
    techo
    techo sustantivo masculino

    b) (AmL) (tejado, cubierta) roof;


    c) (hogar, casa) house;


    bajo el mismo techo under the same roof
    techar verbo transitivo to roof
    techo sustantivo masculino
    1 (tejado) roof
    (de una estancia) ceiling
    2 fig (cobijo, refugio, domicilio) roof
    dormir bajo techo, to sleep under a roof
    3 (límite máximo) ceiling: su capacidad de inversión ha tocado techo, his investment capacity has reached its ceiling
    ' techo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    baja
    - bajo
    - chalet
    - corrediza
    - corredizo
    - cubierta
    - derrumbamiento
    - derrumbarse
    - gotera
    - inclinación
    - pendiente
    - rosetón
    - trampa
    - abombado
    - ahumar
    - altura
    - ático
    - cielo
    - colgar
    - falso
    - llegar
    - paja
    - portaequipajes
    - sobre
    - sostener
    - tocar
    - tragaluz
    - venir
    - zinc
    English:
    cave in
    - ceiling
    - cover
    - crack
    - hold up
    - homeless
    - knock
    - roof
    - sag
    - sunroof
    - thatch
    - thatched
    - turn away
    - drip
    - leak
    - overflow
    - sun
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [tejado] [fuera del edificio] roof;
    [dentro del edificio] ceiling;
    un techo de paja a thatched roof;
    hay que pintar el techo de la cocina the kitchen ceiling needs painting;
    el techo de la tienda de campaña está flojo the roof of the tent is sagging
    techo descapotable [en coche] convertible roof; Av & Meteo techo de nubes cloud ceiling;
    techo solar [en coche] sunroof
    2. [casa, hogar] house;
    al menos tenemos techo y comida at least we have food and a roof over our heads;
    compartía techo con unos alemanes he shared a house o a place with some Germans;
    bajo techo under cover;
    dormir bajo techo to sleep with a roof over one's head, to sleep indoors;
    quedarse sin techo to become homeless
    3. [límite] ceiling;
    superó el techo de los 8,90 metros en salto de longitud he broke through the 8.9 metre barrier in the long jump;
    Escocia aspira a elevar su techo competencial Scotland is aiming to acquire a greater level of devolved power;
    tocar techo [inflación, precios] to level off and start to drop;
    la crisis ha tocado techo the worst of the recession is behind us
    techo de cristal glass ceiling
    4. Av [altura máxima] ceiling
    5. [jugador más alto] tallest player
    ♦ sin techo nmf
    homeless;
    los sin techo the homeless
    * * *
    m ceiling; ( tejado) roof;
    falso techo false ceiling;
    los sin techo homeless people, the homeless pl ;
    tocar techo fig peak
    * * *
    techo nm
    1) tejado: roof
    2) : ceiling
    3) : upper limit, ceiling
    * * *
    1. (de coche) roof
    2. (en un edificio) ceiling

    Spanish-English dictionary > techo

  • 64 καί

    καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.
    ① marker of connections, and
    ⓐ single words
    α. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).
    β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.
    γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.
    δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.2 χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).
    ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.
    ⓑ clauses and sentences
    α. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).
    β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.2 p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.
    γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.
    δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.
    ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.
    ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).
    η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.
    θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).
    ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.
    ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.
    ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.
    ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.
    ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.
    ② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.
    ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).
    ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.
    ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).
    ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.
    ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.
    ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.
    ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.
    α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.
    β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).
    ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.
    ⓘ with other particles
    α. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.
    β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.2 35–37.
    γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).
    δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καί

  • 65 nok

    enough, plenty, sufficient
    * * *
    I. (en -ker)
    (mar) ( af rå) yard arm;
    ( af gaffel) peak.
    II. adj
    ( tilstrækkelig) enough ( fx have enough money, have money enough),
    F sufficient ( fx sufficient food; sufficient reason);
    adv enough ( fx you have slept enough; she is old enough to be your mother);
    F sufficiently;
    ( sandsynligvis) very likely, probably;
    ( konstrueres ofte med) be sure to ( fx han kommer nok he is sure to come);
    [ besynderligt (el. mærkeligt, sært, underligt) nok] oddly (el. curiously, strangely) enough, strange to say;
    [ du forstår mig nok] you know what I mean;
    [ jeg har fået nok af din uforskammethed] I have had (quite) enough of your impudence;
    [ gad nok], se gide;
    [ godt nok], se god;
    [ det går nok] it will be all right; don't you worry;
    [ han har nok at gøre] he has his hands full ( med at -ing);
    [ han har nok i sin egen familie] he is only concerned with his own family;
    [ han har nok i sine egne problemer] he has problems enough of his own;
    [ hver dag har nok i sin plage] sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof;
    [ ikke nok med det] not only that; to make matters worse;
    [ man kan ikke være forsigtig nok] you can't be too careful;
    [ åh far, må vi ikke nok?] please daddy, won't you let us? (el. do let us!);
    [ sagde jeg det ikke nok!] I told you so! didn't I tell you!
    [ vil du ikke nok svare?] won't you give me an answer, please?
    ...;
    [ du kan nok tænke] you can imagine;
    [ det kan nok være han blev vred!] he was angry and no mistake! and wasn't he angry!
    [ det kan nok være du er vokset!] my (word), how you have grown!
    [ det kan være nok] that will do;
    [ nu kan det være nok!] enough of that! stop it! enough is enough!
    [ det er let nok for dig at] it's easy enough (el. all right) for you to
    ( fx laugh);
    [ kaffen er lige stærk nok] the coffee is rather strong,
    T the coffee is a bit on the strong side;
    T it's a bit thick!
    T he is too clever by half;
    [ det mente jeg nok] I thought so (el. as much);
    [ jeg må nok hellere] I suppose I had better ( fx tell you);
    ( overrasket) well, how about that! well, I never!
    ( forarget) I like that!
    [ det må du nok sige] you may well say so;
    T you can say `that again;
    ( ofte =) yes (, no) indeed;
    [ hvad skal vi gøre? ja det må du nok sige!] what shall we do? what indeed!
    [ må vi ikke nok], se ovf;
    [ nok om det] enough said, enough of that;
    [ være sig selv nok] be self-sufficient,
    F be sufficient unto oneself;
    [ du skal nok høre fra mig] you shall hear from me;
    [ jeg skal nok gøre det!] I'll do it (all right)!
    ( mindst lige så) rather more ( fx rather more tired than yesterday);
    ( meget) very, quite ( fx nok så net quite nicely);
    [ om han havde nok så mange penge] however much money he had;
    [ nok så stor som] at least (el. fully) as big as;
    [ det er varmt nok til at vi kan gå ud at bade] it is hot enough for us to go swimming;
    [ vil du ikke nok], se ovf;
    [ være nok] be enough,
    F suffice, be sufficient;
    [ nok er det at] the fact remains that.
    III. adv ( yderligere):
    [ nok én] one more, another;
    [ nok en gang] once more, once again.

    Danish-English dictionary > nok

  • 66 World War II

    (1939-1945)
       In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.
       In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.
       To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.
       The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.
       Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.
       Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.
       Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.
       Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.
       The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.
       The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.
       Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.
       In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.
       Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > World War II

  • 67 fertig

    fer·tig [ʼfɛrtɪç] adj
    1) (abgeschlossen, vollendet) finished;
    das Essen ist in ein paar Minuten \fertig the food will be done [or ready] in a few minutes;
    etw \fertig haben to have finished sth;
    haben Sie die Briefe schon \fertig? have you finished the letters yet?;
    etw \fertig kaufen to buy a finished product;
    mit etw dat \fertig sein to be finished with sth;
    mit etw dat \fertig werden to finish sth
    2) ( bereit) ready;
    ich bin schon lange \fertig! I've been ready for ages!;
    ich bin \fertig, wir können gehen I'm ready, let's go
    3) ( ausgebildet) trained;
    Lehrer qualified
    4) (fam: erschöpft) exhausted, shattered ( Brit) ( fam), knackered ( Brit) (sl), dog-tired;
    ( verblüfft) amazed, gobsmacked ( Brit), shocked by surprise ( Brit) ( fam)
    mit jdm \fertig sein to be through [or finished] with sb
    6) (fam: basta)
    \fertig! that's that [or the end of it] !
    1) ( zu Ende)
    etw \fertig bekommen [o bringen] [o (fam: kriegen] vollenden) to complete [or finish] sth;
    etw/eine S. akk \fertig machen [o tun] to finish sth;
    lass mich wenigstens noch in Ruhe \fertig frühstücken! let me at least finish breakfast in peace;
    etw \fertig stellen to finish [or complete] sth;
    \fertig gestellt completed
    etw \fertig bekommen [o bringen] [ o fam kriegen] to carry out sth;
    ( etw schaffen) to be capable of sth;
    es \fertig bekommen [o bringen] , etw zu tun to manage to do sth;
    der bringt es \fertig und verlangt auch noch Geld dafür! and he even has the cheek [or audacity] to ask for money
    3) ( bereit)
    [jdm] etw \fertig machen to have sth ready [for sb];
    etw rechtzeitig \fertig machen to finish sth [or have sth ready] on time;
    sich [für etw akk] \fertig machen to get ready [for sth]
    WENDUNGEN:
    auf die Plätze, \fertig, los! on your marks, get set, go!, ready, steady, go!

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > fertig

  • 68 voll

    I Adj.
    1. räumlich: full; (voll besetzt) full (up); (gefüllt) full (up), filled; Straßen: full of traffic; ein Koffer / eine Kiste etc. voll Bücher a caseful / boxful etc. of books; das volle Korn auf den Feldern the ripe corn (Am. grain) in the fields
    2. umg. (betrunken) plastered, tight Sl.; umg. (satt) full; voll wie d’ Sau Dial. pissed as a newt, Am. drunk as a skunk
    3. (füllig, prall) full (auch Figur); sie ist voller geworden she has filled out a bit
    4. (rund, glatt) full, whole; voller Betrag full ( oder whole) amount ( oder sum); eine volle Stunde a full ( oder whole, solid) hour; zu jeder vollen Stunde every hour on the hour; zu jeder vollen Stunde schlagen Uhr: strike the full hour; es schlägt gleich voll umg. it’s just about to strike the hour; der Bus fährt immer fünf vor voll umg. the bus always leaves at five to (the hour); sechs volle Tage six whole days; ein volles Dutzend a full ( oder whole) dozen
    5. (bedeckt) covered; voll(er), voll von full of; Negativem: rife with; voller Flecke(n) / Staub etc. covered with marks / dust etc.; alles war voll(er) Blut everything was covered with blood
    6. (vollständig) full, complete; volle Beschäftigung full ( ganztägige: full-time) employment; bei voller Besinnung fully conscious; er hat es bei voller Besinnung gesagt he was fully aware of what he was saying
    7. fig., in Wendungen: aus voller Brust oder vollem Halse at the top of one’s voice; volle Einzelheiten full details; ein voller Erfolg a complete success; die volle Wahrheit the whole truth; weitS. the full story; aus dem Vollen schöpfen draw on plentiful resources; in die Vollen gehen umg. go the whole hog; jemanden nicht für voll nehmen not take s.o. seriously; Fahrt, Hand1 2 Hand2, Mund, Pulle, Recht 1, Strandhaubitze etc.
    II Adv.
    1. (vollständig) fully; voll gesperrt Straße etc.: completely closed off; wieder voll befahrbar completely reopened to traffic
    2. oft umg., verstärkend: voll zuschlagen etc. really go for it etc.; voll bremsen stand on the brakes, brake hard; voll und ganz fully, completely; unterstützen: wholeheartedly; etw. voll ausnützen use to (one’s) full advantage; eine Kurve ( nicht) voll durchfahren SPORT (not) take a curve at top speed; jemanden voll erwischen (treffen) hit s.o.; fig., mit Frage etc.: really catch s.o. out; ihn hat es voll erwischt Grippe etc.: he’s got it bad; (er hat sich verliebt) he’s got it bad; voll dabei sein be completely involved; voll mit drinstecken be completely up to one’s ears in it too; ich war nicht voll da I wasn’t quite with it; voll nett / witzig etc. really nice / funny etc.; voll die Krise kriegen get really worked up; das bringt’s voll! it’s brilliant!; das ist voll die Härte that’s really asking a bit much; hier ist voll die geile Party Sl. this really is a shit-hot (Am. totally cool) party; der Song etc. ist voll krass the song etc. is really wicked (bes. Am. totally cool); siehe auch völlig, vollkommen
    3. mit Verben: sich voll dröhnen umg. get totally high; sich voll essen eat one’s fill; sich voll fressen umg. stuff o.s.; ich habe mich so voll gefressen I think I’m going to burst; voll füllen fill s.th. up; voll gießen fill (up); sich (Dat) das Hemd etc. (mit etw.) voll gießen umg. spill s.th. all over one’s shirt etc.; jemandem die Hucke voll hauen umg. bash s.o.’s head in; voll kotzen Sl. (Zimmer) spew all over; voll kriegen manage to fill s.th. (up); er kriegt den Hals nicht voll he (just) can’t get enough; voll kritzeln umg. scribble all over s.th.; jemanden voll labern umg. bend s.o.’s ear; voll laden (Auto, Kofferraum etc.) load up (to the top); voll laufen fill up; etw. voll laufen lassen fill s.th. up; sich voll laufen lassen umg. get tanked up; voll machen (füllen) fill (up); (beschmutzen) ( auch sich [Dat] etw. voll machen) dirty, mess up; (Tisch, Boden etc.) auch make a mess on; sich voll machen oder die Hosen voll machen fill one’s pants; sich (Dat) die Finger mit Marmelade voll machen get jam all over one’s fingers; voll malen cover with paint; voll packen pack s.th. full ( mit of); voll pfropfen cram s.th. full; voll pumpen (Reifen etc.) pump s.th. up (completely), pump s.th. full; sich (Dat) die Lungen voll pumpen fill one’s lungs (with fresh air); sich mit etw. voll pumpen mit Medikamenten: load o.s. up with s.th.; sich voll pumpen umg. (sich betrinken) tank up, get tight Sl.; mit Drogen: get completely high ( oder doped up); voll qualmen umg. (Zimmer etc.) smoke up; sich voll saufen umg. get tight Sl.; sich voll saugen Insekt etc.: suck itself full ( mit of); Schwamm: soak itself full (of); Stoff etc.: become saturated (with); voll schenken fill (up); sich (Dat) ( den Bauch) voll schlagen umg. make a (real) pig of o.s.; das Boot schlug voll the boat became swamped; voll schmieren umg. smear all over s.th.; (Kleid) mess up; etw. mit etw. voll schmieren smear s.th. all over s.th.; sich voll schmieren get o.s. dirty, get food etc. all over o.s.; voll schreiben fill (with writing); drei Seiten voll schreiben write three full pages; voll schütten fill (up); voll spritzen spatter; mit Wasser: spray, get s.o. oder s.th. all wet; etw. mit etw. voll spritzen spatter s.th. all over s.th.; sich voll spritzen spatter o.s.; (sich nass machen) get o.s. wet; voll stellen cram ( mit with); ein Zimmer etc. voll stellen auch put things all over a room etc.; das Schlafzimmer mit alten Möbeln etc. voll stellen auch stuff the bedroom with old furniture etc. umg.; voll stopfen stuff, cram; sich (Dat) ( den Bauch) voll stopfen umg. stuff o.s.; voll tanken fill up; umg., fig. (sich betrinken) get tanked up; bitte voll tanken MOT. fill her up, please
    4. mit Part. Perf.: voll beladen fully laden; voll bepackt loaded down with luggage, (absolutely) loaded umg.; voll besetzt (completely) full; Hotel: auch fully-booked; voll entwickelt fully developed; Persönlichkeit etc.: auch full-blown; total voll gedröhnt sein Sl. be drugged up to one’s eyeballs; voll geladen loaded (to the top); Auto etc.: loaded down; voll gepackt oder gepfropft oder gestopft crammed (full), packed, jam-packed umg., chock-a-block umg.
    * * *
    full; total
    * * *
    vọll [fɔl]
    1. adj
    1) (= gefüllt) full

    voller... — full of...

    aus dem Vollen leben — to live a life of luxury, to live in the lap of luxury

    2) (= ganz) full; Satz, Service, Erfolg complete; Woche, Jahr full, whole; Wahrheit whole

    volle drei Jahre/Tage — three whole years/days, fully three years/days

    die volle Summe bezahlen — to pay the full sum, to pay the sum in full

    in voller Fahrt/vollem Galopp/vollem Lauf — at full speed/gallop/speed

    mit dem vollen Namen unterschreiben — to sign one's full name, to sign one's name in full

    3)
    4) (= üppig) Gesicht, Busen etc full; Wangen chubby; Haar thick
    5) Stimme, Ton full, rich; Farbton rich
    2. adv
    fully; (= vollkommen auch) completely; (sl = total) dead (Brit inf real (US inf)

    voll und ganz — completely, wholly

    voll hinter jdm/etw stehen — to be or stand fully behind sb/sth

    den Mund recht or ganz schön voll nehmen (fig) — to exaggerate greatly, to overdo it

    jdn/etw voll treffen (mit Stein, Bombe etc) — to score a direct hit on sb/sth; (ins Gesicht) to hit sb full in the face

    voll zuschlagen (inf) — to lam out (Brit inf), to hit out

    voll drinstecken (inf) (bei Arbeit) — to be in the middle of it; (in unangenehmer Situation) to be right in it

    See:
    * * *
    1) (holding or containing as much as possible: My basket is full.) full
    2) (quite; at least: It will take fully three days.) fully
    * * *
    [fɔl]
    I. adj
    1. (gefüllt, bedeckt) full
    mit \vollem Munde spricht man nicht! don't speak with your mouth full!
    achte darauf, dass die Gläser nicht zu \voll werden mind that the glasses don't get too full
    ein \volles Arschloch (derb) a fat arsehole [or AM asshole]
    \voll [mit etw dat] sein to be full [of sth]
    das Glas ist \voll Wasser the glass is full of water
    das Haus ist \voll von [o mit] unnützen Dingen the house is full of useless things
    die Regale sind ganz \voll Staub the shelves are covered in [or full of] dust
    eine Kiste \voll Bücher a boxful of books
    eine Hand \voll Reis a handful of rice
    beide Hände \voll haben to have both hands full
    \voll sein (fam: satt) to be full up fam; s.a. gerammelt, gerüttelt
    2. (ganz, vollständig) full, whole
    ich musste ein \volles Jahr warten I had to wait a whole year
    es ist ja kein \voller Monat mehr bis Weihnachten there is less than a month till Christmas
    nun warte ich schon \volle 20 Minuten I've been waiting a full twenty minutes
    der Intercity nach München fährt jede \volle Stunde the intercity to Munich runs every hour on the hour
    den Verteidigern lagen drei Divisionen in \voller Ausrüstung gegenüber the defenders faced three fully equipped divisions
    das \volle Ausmaß der Katastrophe the full extent of the disaster
    bei \voller Besinnung sein to be fully conscious
    \voller Börsenschluss BÖRSE full [or even] lot
    aus \voller Brust singen to sing at the top of one's voice
    ein \voller Erfolg a total success
    in \voller Gala in full evening dress
    in \vollem Galopp/Lauf at full gallop/speed
    in \voller Größe full-size
    mit \vollem Namen unterschreiben to sign one's full name [or name in full]
    den \vollen Preis bezahlen to pay the full price
    etw mit \vollem Recht tun to be perfectly right to do sth
    \voller Satz HANDEL full set
    \volle Summe whole sum
    die \volle Wahrheit the absolute truth
    etw in \vollen Zügen genießen to enjoy sth to the full
    3. (prall, rundlich)
    du hast zugenommen, du bist deutlich \voller geworden you've put on weight, you've distinctly filled out
    ein \volles Gesicht a full face
    ein \voller Busen an ample bosom
    ein \voller Hintern/ \volle Hüften a well-rounded bottom/well-rounded hips
    \volle Wangen chubby cheeks
    4. (kräftig) Geschmack, Klang full; Stimme, Farbton rich
    der \volle Geschmack the real flavour
    5. (dicht) thick
    \volles Haar thick hair
    ein \voller Bart a thick beard
    6. (sl: betrunken)
    ▪ \voll sein to be plastered fam, to be well tanked up sl
    du warst ja gestern Abend ganz schön \voll! you were pretty drunk yesterday evening!
    7.
    ▶ in die V\vollen gehen to go to any lengths
    ▶ aus dem V\vollen leben [o wirtschaften] to live in the lap of luxury
    ▶ jdn nicht für \voll nehmen not to take sb seriously
    ▶ aus dem V\vollen schöpfen to draw on plentiful resources; s.a. Lob
    II. adv
    1. (vollkommen) completely
    durch die Operation wurde ihr Sehvermögen wieder \voll hergestellt as a result of the operation her sight was completely restored
    \voll bezahlen müssen to have to pay in full
    \voll in der Arbeit stecken (fam) to be in the middle of a job
    \voll in Problemen stecken (fam) to be right in it fam
    die Mehrheit der Delegierten stand \voll hinter dieser Entscheidung the majority of the delegates were fully behind this decision
    ich kann den Antrag nicht \voll unterstützen I cannot fully support the application
    etw \voll ausnutzen to take full advantage of sth
    \voll und ganz totally
    nicht \voll da sein (fam) to not be quite with it sl
    3. (sl: total) really
    die Band finde ich \voll gut I think the band is brilliant
    die haben wir \voll angelabert we really chatted her up fam
    4. (fam: mit aller Wucht) right, smack fam
    der Wagen war \voll gegen den Pfeiler geprallt the car ran smack into the pillar
    er ist \voll mit dem Hinterkopf auf der Bordsteinkante aufgeschlagen the back of his head slammed onto the edge of the curb
    seine Faust traf \voll das Kinn seines Gegners he hit his opponent full on the chin with his fist
    * * *
    1.
    1) full

    voll von od. mit etwas sein — be full of something

    jemanden/etwas voll spritzen — splash water etc. all over somebody/something; (mit Schlauch usw.) spray water etc. all over somebody/something

    etwas voll gießen — fill something [up]

    etwas voll stopfen — (ugs.) stuff or cram something full

    bitte voll tanken — fill it up, please

    sich voll saugen — < leech> suck itself full; < sponge> become saturated ( mit with)

    etwas voll machen — (ugs.): (füllen) fill something up; (ugs.): (beschmutzen) get or make something dirty

    sich (Dat.) die Hosen/Windeln vollmachen — mess one's pants/nappy

    um das Maß voll zu machen — (fig.) to crown or cap it all

    etwas voll schmieren — (ugs.): (beschmutzen) smear something; (ugs. abwertend): (beschreiben, bemalen) scrawl/draw all over something

    etwas voll schreiben — fill something [with writing]

    aus dem vollen schöpfen — draw on abundant or plentiful resources

    volle Pulle od. voll[es] Rohr — (salopp) < drive> flat out; s. auch Mund

    2) (salopp): (betrunken) plastered (sl.); canned (Brit. sl.)
    3) (üppig) full <figure, face, lip>; thick < hair>; ample < bosom>
    4) (ganz, vollständig) full; complete <seriousness, success>

    die voll Wahrheit — the full or whole truth

    etwas voll machen — (komplettieren) complete something

    s. auch Hals b —

    5) (kräftig) full, rich <taste, aroma>; rich < voice>
    2.
    adverbial fully

    voll verantwortlich für etwas sein — be wholly responsible or bear full responsibility for something

    * * *
    A. adj
    1. räumlich: full; (voll besetzt) full (up); (gefüllt) full (up), filled; Straßen: full of traffic;
    ein Koffer/eine Kiste etc
    voll Bücher a caseful/boxful etc of books;
    das volle Korn auf den Feldern the ripe corn (US grain) in the fields
    2. umg (betrunken) plastered, tight sl; umg (satt) full;
    voll wie d’ Sau dial pissed as a newt, US drunk as a skunk
    3. (füllig, prall) full (auch Figur);
    sie ist voller geworden she has filled out a bit
    4. (rund, glatt) full, whole;
    voller Betrag full ( oder whole) amount ( oder sum);
    eine volle Stunde a full ( oder whole, solid) hour;
    zu jeder vollen Stunde every hour on the hour;
    zu jeder vollen Stunde schlagen Uhr: strike the full hour;
    es schlägt gleich voll umg it’s just about to strike the hour;
    der Bus fährt immer fünf vor voll umg the bus always leaves at five to (the hour);
    sechs volle Tage six whole days;
    ein volles Dutzend a full ( oder whole) dozen
    5. (bedeckt) covered;
    voll(er), voll von full of; Negativem: rife with;
    voller Flecke(n)/Staub etc covered with marks/dust etc;
    alles war voll(er) Blut everything was covered with blood
    6. (vollständig) full, complete;
    volle Beschäftigung full ( ganztägige: full-time) employment;
    bei voller Besinnung fully conscious;
    er hat es bei voller Besinnung gesagt he was fully aware of what he was saying
    7. fig, in Wendungen:
    vollem Halse at the top of one’s voice;
    volle Einzelheiten full details;
    ein voller Erfolg a complete success;
    die volle Wahrheit the whole truth; weitS. the full story;
    aus dem Vollen schöpfen draw on plentiful resources;
    in die Vollen gehen umg go the whole hog;
    jemanden nicht für voll nehmen not take sb seriously; → Fahrt, Hand1 2, Hand2, Mund, Pulle, Recht 1, Strandhaubitze etc
    B. adv
    1. (vollständig) fully;
    voll gesperrt Straße etc: completely closed off;
    wieder voll befahrbar completely reopened to traffic
    2. oft umg, verstärkend:
    voll zuschlagen etc really go for it etc;
    voll bremsen stand on the brakes, brake hard;
    voll und ganz fully, completely; unterstützen: wholeheartedly;
    voll ausnützen use to (one’s) full advantage;
    eine Kurve (nicht) voll durchfahren SPORT (not) take a curve at top speed;
    jemanden voll erwischen (treffen) hit sb; fig, mit Frage etc: really catch sb out;
    ihn hat es voll erwischt Grippe etc: he’s got it bad; (er hat sich verliebt) he’s got it bad;
    voll dabei sein be completely involved;
    voll mit drinstecken be completely up to one’s ears in it too;
    ich war nicht voll da I wasn’t quite with it;
    voll nett/witzig etc really nice/funny etc;
    voll die Krise kriegen get really worked up;
    das bringt’s voll! it’s brilliant!;
    das ist voll die Härte that’s really asking a bit much;
    hier ist voll die geile Party sl this really is a shit-hot (US totally cool) party;
    der Song etc
    ist voll krass the song etc is really wicked (besonders US totally cool); → auch völlig, vollkommen
    3. mit pperf:
    voll automatisiert fully automated;
    voll beladen fully laden;
    voll bepackt loaded down with luggage, (absolutely) loaded umg;
    voll besetzt (completely) full; Hotel: auch fully-booked;
    voll entwickelt fully developed; Persönlichkeit etc: auch full-blown;
    voll klimatisiert fully air-conditioned;
    voll mechanisiert fully mechanized;
    voll synchronisiert fully synchronized;
    voll transistorisiert fully transistorized;
    * * *
    1.
    1) full

    voll von od. mit etwas sein — be full of something

    jemanden/etwas voll spritzen — splash water etc. all over somebody/something; (mit Schlauch usw.) spray water etc. all over somebody/something

    etwas voll gießen — fill something [up]

    etwas voll stopfen — (ugs.) stuff or cram something full

    bitte voll tanken — fill it up, please

    sich voll saugen — < leech> suck itself full; < sponge> become saturated ( mit with)

    etwas voll machen — (ugs.): (füllen) fill something up; (ugs.): (beschmutzen) get or make something dirty

    sich (Dat.) die Hosen/Windeln vollmachen — mess one's pants/nappy

    um das Maß voll zu machen — (fig.) to crown or cap it all

    etwas voll schmieren — (ugs.): (beschmutzen) smear something; (ugs. abwertend): (beschreiben, bemalen) scrawl/draw all over something

    etwas voll schreiben — fill something [with writing]

    aus dem vollen schöpfen — draw on abundant or plentiful resources

    volle Pulle od. voll[es] Rohr — (salopp) < drive> flat out; s. auch Mund

    2) (salopp): (betrunken) plastered (sl.); canned (Brit. sl.)
    3) (üppig) full <figure, face, lip>; thick < hair>; ample < bosom>
    4) (ganz, vollständig) full; complete <seriousness, success>

    die voll Wahrheit — the full or whole truth

    etwas voll machen — (komplettieren) complete something

    s. auch Hals b —

    5) (kräftig) full, rich <taste, aroma>; rich < voice>
    2.
    adverbial fully

    voll verantwortlich für etwas sein — be wholly responsible or bear full responsibility for something

    * * *
    adj.
    brimful adj.
    crowded adj.
    fraught adj.
    full adj.
    plenteous adj.
    replete adj. adv.
    plenteously adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > voll

  • 69 wel

    wel1
    I 〈de〉
    1 [bron] spring ⇒ well
    II 〈 het〉
    1 [het goede] welfare, well-being
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   zijn wel en wee • his fortunes
         's levens wel en wee • the vicissitudes of life
    ————————
    wel2
    I 〈 bijwoord〉
    1 [om een bevestiging uit te drukken] 〈zie voorbeelden 1〉
    2 [om een ontkenning tegen te spreken] 〈zie voorbeelden 2〉
    3 [goed, juist] well
    4 [nogal] rather, quite
    5 [vermoedelijk] probably
    6 [weliswaar] 〈zie voorbeelden 6〉
    7 [om bereidwilligheid uit te drukken] 〈zie voorbeelden 7〉
    8 [ter geruststelling] 〈zie voorbeelden 8〉
    9 [ter vermaning] 〈zie voorbeelden 9〉
    10 [om aan te duiden dat er sprake is van een grote hoeveelheid] 〈 met enkelvoud〉 as much as; 〈 met meervoud〉 as many as; 〈 met bijwoord van frequentie〉 as often as
    11 [minstens] at least, just as
    12 [al] 〈zie voorbeelden 12〉
    13 [om nieuwsgierigheid uit te drukken] 〈zie voorbeelden 13〉
    14 [ter nuancering] rather
    15 [in verbinding met ‘en’, na een bijvoeglijk naamwoord] [helemaal] completely, all
    16 [na een zelfstandig naamwoord; om aan te geven dat de genoemde zaak of persoon ongewone kenmerken heeft] quite (a)
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   ik heb je wel gezien! • I saw you!
         heeft hij het wel gedaan? • did he really do it?
         hij komt wel • he will come (all right)
         dat mag wel • that's all right/allowed
         hij moet wel • he's got to
         kom jij? misschien wel! • will you come?, I might!
         ik geloof van wel • I think so
         hij zegt van wel! • he says yes, he has/will/can 〈enz.〉
    2   het is wél waar • but it ís true
         ‘ik doe het niet’, ‘je doet het wel!’ • ‘I won't do it’, ‘oh yes you will!’
         jij wil niet? ik wel! • you don't want to? well I do!
         wat deed hij dan wel? • what díd he do, then?
         wat wel en niet mag • 〈 ook〉 do's and don'ts
         meer wel dan niet • more often than not
         liever wel dan niet • as soon as not
         niet(es)! wél(les) • 〈 Brits-Engels〉 'tisn't! 'tis!; 〈 Amerikaans-Engels〉 it isn't, it is so/too!; 〈 afhankelijk van werkwoord in voorafgaande zin〉 didn't! did!
         als hij het niet weet, wie dan wel? • if he doesn't know, who does?
    3   als ik het wel heb • if I'm not mistaken
         als ik me wel herinner • if I remember correctly
         en (dat) nog wel op zondag • and on a Sunday, too!
    4   het was wel aardig • it was all right
         ‘hoe is het ermee?’ ‘het gaat wel’ • ‘how are you?’ ‘all right’
         ik mag haar wel • I rather like her
         ik mag dat wel • I quite like that
         het kan er wel mee door • it'll do
    5   het zal wel lukken • it'll work out (all right)
         dat zal wel niet • I suppose not
         je zult wel denken • what will you think?
         we kunnen nu wel zeggen dat hij de winnaar is • we can assume he's the winner
         hij zal het wel niet geweest zijn • I don't think it was him
         dat kan wel (zijn) • that may be (so)
         hij zal nu wel in bed liggen • he'll be in bed by now
         dat zal wel • I suppose so; 〈 ironisch〉 a likely story!
    6   dat is wel juist, maar … • true enough, but …
         Jaap heeft het wel gezegd, maar … • Jaap did say so, but …
         dát wel • granted, agreed
    7   hij wou wel • he was all for it
         laat maar, ik ga wel/ik doe het wel • never mind, I'll go/I'll do it
    8   maak je maar geen zorgen, hij redt zich wel • don't worry, he'll manage
         het gaat wel weer over • it'll pass
         weet je wel wat dat kost! • do you know what it costs!
         wil je wel eens luisteren! • will you just listen (to me)!
    10  dat kost wel 100 gulden • it'll cost as much as 100 guilders
         Piet is wel 10 kilo afgevallen • Piet must have lost a good 10 kilos
         wat moet dat wel niet kosten • I hate to think what that costs
         wel twee keer per week • as often as twice a week
    11  dat is wel zo leuk • it's much nicer that way
         dat is wel zo makkelijk • it would be a lot easier that way
         het lijkt me wel zo verstandig • it seems sensible to me
         wel een week later • a full week later
    12  dat dacht ik wel • I thought as much
         dat heb ik wel gezegd • I told you so (didn't I?)
         dat zeggen er wel meer • they all say that
    13  wat zullen de mensen er wel van zeggen? • what'll people say?
    14  och, ik mag hem wel • oh, I think he's all right
         hij weet wel degelijk dat … • he knows very well that …
         je kent Piet toch wel? • you know Piet, don't you?
         je hebt het toch wel vaker gedaan? • surely you've done that before
    15  we zijn gezond en wel aangekomen • we arrived safe and sound
    16  hij is me de bedrijfsleider wel • he calls himself a manager?
         dat was me het dagje wel • that was quite a day
    ¶   wel eens • once in a while; 〈 in vragende zin〉 ever
         dat komt wel eens voor • it happens at times
         heb je wel eens Japans gegeten? • have you ever eaten Japanese food?
         enkelen, en wel de rijksten, … • a few, (namely) the richest, …
         het kan niet, en wel omdat … • it's not possible, (and that) because …
    1 [formeel] [gezond] well
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   hij voelt zich niet wel • he doesn't feel well
    ¶   alles wel aan boord • all's well on board
    ————————
    wel3
    1 [met betrekking tot een vraag] well
    2 [met betrekking tot verwondering] well, why
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   ik kon mijn les niet leren, jij wel? • I couldn't do my lessons, could you?
         wel? wat zeg je daarvan? • well? what do you say to that?
         wel? hoe denk jij erover? • so/well? how about it?
    2   wel allemachtig! • well I'll be blowed!
         wel, wel! • well, well!; 〈 misprijzend ook〉 tut tut!
         wel, wel, wie hebben we daar! Jantje Smit! • (why) if it isn't John Smith!
    ¶   wel nee! • of course not!
         wel ja! • yes of course!; 〈 ironisch〉 come off it!

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > wel

  • 70 Cartwright, Revd Edmund

    [br]
    b. 24 April 1743 Marnham, Nottingham, England
    d. 30 October 1823 Hastings, Sussex, England
    [br]
    English inventor of the power loom, a combing machine and machines for making ropes, bread and bricks as well as agricultural improvements.
    [br]
    Edmund Cartwright, the fourth son of William Cartwright, was educated at Wakefield Grammar School, and went to University College, Oxford, at the age of 14. By special act of convocation in 1764, he was elected Fellow of Magdalen College. He married Alice Whitaker in 1772 and soon after was given the ecclesiastical living of Brampton in Derbyshire. In 1779 he was presented with the living of Goadby, Marwood, Leicestershire, where he wrote poems, reviewed new works, and began agricultural experiments. A visit to Matlock in the summer of 1784 introduced him to the inventions of Richard Arkwright and he asked why weaving could not be mechanized in a similar manner to spinning. This began a remarkable career of inventions.
    Cartwright returned home and built a loom which required two strong men to operate it. This was the first attempt in England to develop a power loom. It had a vertical warp, the reed fell with the weight of at least half a hundredweight and, to quote Gartwright's own words, "the springs which threw the shuttle were strong enough to throw a Congreive [sic] rocket" (Strickland 19.71:8—for background to the "rocket" comparison, see Congreve, Sir William). Nevertheless, it had the same three basics of weaving that still remain today in modern power looms: shedding or dividing the warp; picking or projecting the shuttle with the weft; and beating that pick of weft into place with a reed. This loom he proudly patented in 1785, and then he went to look at hand looms and was surprised to see how simply they operated. Further improvements to his own loom, covered by two more patents in 1786 and 1787, produced a machine with the more conventional horizontal layout that showed promise; however, the Manchester merchants whom he visited were not interested. He patented more improvements in 1788 as a result of the experience gained in 1786 through establishing a factory at Doncaster with power looms worked by a bull that were the ancestors of modern ones. Twenty-four looms driven by steam-power were installed in Manchester in 1791, but the mill was burned down and no one repeated the experiment. The Doncaster mill was sold in 1793, Cartwright having lost £30,000, However, in 1809 Parliament voted him £10,000 because his looms were then coming into general use.
    In 1789 he began working on a wool-combing machine which he patented in 1790, with further improvements in 1792. This seems to have been the earliest instance of mechanized combing. It used a circular revolving comb from which the long fibres or "top" were. carried off into a can, and a smaller cylinder-comb for teasing out short fibres or "noils", which were taken off by hand. Its output equalled that of twenty hand combers, but it was only relatively successful. It was employed in various Leicestershire and Yorkshire mills, but infringements were frequent and costly to resist. The patent was prolonged for fourteen years after 1801, but even then Cartwright did not make any profit. His 1792 patent also included a machine to make ropes with the outstanding and basic invention of the "cordelier" which he communicated to his friends, including Robert Fulton, but again it brought little financial benefit. As a result of these problems and the lack of remuneration for his inventions, Cartwright moved to London in 1796 and for a time lived in a house built with geometrical bricks of his own design.
    Other inventions followed fast, including a tread-wheel for cranes, metallic packing for pistons in steam-engines, and bread-making and brick-making machines, to mention but a few. He had already returned to agricultural improvements and he put forward suggestions in 1793 for a reaping machine. In 1801 he received a prize from the Board of Agriculture for an essay on husbandry, which was followed in 1803 by a silver medal for the invention of a three-furrow plough and in 1805 by a gold medal for his essay on manures. From 1801 to 1807 he ran an experimental farm on the Duke of Bedford's estates at Woburn.
    From 1786 until his death he was a prebendary of Lincoln. In about 1810 he bought a small farm at Hollanden near Sevenoaks, Kent, where he continued his inventions, both agricultural and general. Inventing to the last, he died at Hastings and was buried in Battle church.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Board of Agriculture Prize 1801 (for an essay on agriculture). Society of Arts, Silver Medal 1803 (for his three-furrow plough); Gold Medal 1805 (for an essay on agricultural improvements).
    Bibliography
    1785. British patent no. 1,270 (power loom).
    1786. British patent no. 1,565 (improved power loom). 1787. British patent no. 1,616 (improved power loom).
    1788. British patent no. 1,676 (improved power loom). 1790, British patent no. 1,747 (wool-combing machine).
    1790, British patent no. 1,787 (wool-combing machine).
    1792, British patent no. 1,876 (improved wool-combing machine and rope-making machine with cordelier).
    Further Reading
    M.Strickland, 1843, A Memoir of the Life, Writings and Mechanical Inventions of Edmund Cartwright, D.D., F.R.S., London (remains the fullest biography of Cartwright).
    Dictionary of National Biography (a good summary of Cartwright's life). For discussions of Cartwright's weaving inventions, see: A.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London; R.L. Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester. F.Nasmith, 1925–6, "Fathers of machine cotton manufacture", Transactions of the
    Newcomen Society 6.
    H.W.Dickinson, 1942–3, "A condensed history of rope-making", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 23.
    W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (covers both his power loom and his wool -combing machine).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Cartwright, Revd Edmund

  • 71 О-48

    ОВЧИНКА ВЫДЕЛКИ HE СТОИТ (saying) the matter in question is not worth the time, energy, resources spent on it: - the game isn't worth the candle itfs more trouble than it's worth it's not worth the trouble it won't pay.
    Относись к своей работе как ко всякой работе, дающей средства существования, но не вкладывай в нее душу. Овчинка выделки не стоит (Зиновьев 2). Consider your work like any job that keeps you in food, but don't try to put your soul into it. The game isn't worth the candle (2a).
    ...Ведь для этой десятиминутной игры Брюсову пришлось выучить наизусть с полсотни трудных и плохо запоминающихся строк. Забава была в стиле десятых годов, но стоила ли овчинка выделки? (Мандельштам 2)....For the sake of his ten minutes' fun, Briusov must have learned by heart at least fifty difficult and not very memorable lines. It was a practical joke very much in the style of the pre-Revolutionary years, but was it really worth all the trouble? (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > О-48

  • 72 овчинка выделки не стоит

    [saying]
    =====
    ⇒ the matter in question is not worth the time, energy, resources spent on it:
    - it won't pay.
         ♦ Относись к своей работе как ко всякой работе, дающей средства существования, но не вкладывай в неё душу. Овчинка выделки не стоит (Зиновьев 2). Consider your work like any job that keeps you in food, but don't try to put your soul into it. The game isn't worth the candle (2a).
         ♦...Ведь для этой десятиминутной игры Брюсову пришлось выучить наизусть с полсотни трудных и плохо запоминающихся строк. Забава была в стиле десятых годов, но стоила ли овчинка выделки? (Мандельштам 2)....For the sake of his ten minutes' fun, Briusov must have learned by heart at least fifty difficult and not very memorable lines. It was a practical joke very much in the style of the pre-Revolutionary years, but was it really worth all the trouble? (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > овчинка выделки не стоит

  • 73 UNDORN

    m.
    1) mid-forenoon, 9 a. m. (um morgininn at undorni);
    2) midafternoon, 3 p. m..
    * * *
    m. (not n. as stated in Lex. Poët.), also spelt undurn and undarn, see the references below: [this word occurs in all ancient Teut. languages; Ulf. undaurni-mats or undurn-meat = ἄριστον, Luke xiv. 12; A. S. undern; Hel. undorn: O. H. G. untarn. Afterwards it was disused in writing, but in provincial dialects it still survives in all Teutonic countries, Scandinavia, Germany (Bavaria, the Rhine), England (Cumberland, Yorkshire), everywhere, except in Iceland, where, strange to say, it is unknown in speech as well as in writing; thus, Swed. undan, undarn, unden; in Norway undaaln; Bavaria untern (Schmeller); Fris. ounern; provinc. Engl. orndorns, ownder (Brocket); in all these dialects it means a middle-meal, a kind of lunch, taken either in the afternoon at three o’clock (this seems to be the prevailing sense, at least in Scandinavia), or in the forenoon at nine: even a verb has been formed, thus in Sweden sova und is to take a nap at lunch-time, at midday (Rietz); in the Rhine country ondern is said of cattle lying down at midday (Schmeller).]
    B. USAGE.—In old Icel, or Norse writers the word occurs five times, thrice in poets, twice in prose; the original sense was undoubtedly a time of the day, either mid-afternoon, i. e. three o’clock P.M., or mid-forenoon, i. e. nine o’clock A.M., the sense of food being a derived one (like mál, q. v.):
    1. mid-afternoon, answering to the nones of eccl. writers; morgin hétu ok miðjan dag, undorn ok aptan, they called morning and midday, ‘undorn’ and evening, Vsp. 6 (undurn, Hb. l. c.), where undorn is placed midway between noon and eve.
    2. mid-forenoon; um morguninn at undurni, in the morning at undurn time, O. H. L. 65; þá hringt er til miðs-morguns, ok hafa unninn eiðinn fyrr en hringi at undurn (dat.) at Krists-kirkju, when it rings at mid-morning time, and shall have taken the oath ere the bells at Christ’s kirk ring at undurn, N. G. L. i. 308.
    II. a meal; hjuggu vér undurn frekum vargi, we carved a meal for the greedy wolf, i. e. we slew many in the battle, Km. 2; örn drekkr undarn, the eagle drinks undarn, Edda 101 (in a verse of about 1030 A. D.), the various readings (undranar and undjarn) shew that the transcribers did not understand the word. ☞ In the Icel. day-marks only nón (q. v.) is of eccl. Lat. origin; may not undorn be the old heathen term which was displaced by that word? the passage in Vsp. favours this suggestion.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > UNDORN

  • 74 Appleby, John F.

    [br]
    b. 1840 New York, US A
    d. ? USA
    [br]
    American inventor of the knotting mechanism used on early binders and still found on modern baling machines.
    [br]
    As a young man John Appleby worked as a labourer for a farmer near Whitewater in Wisconsin. He was 18 when the farmer bought a new reaping machine. Appleby believed that the concept had not been progressed far enough and that the machine should be able to bind sheaths as well as to cut the corn. It is claimed that while watching a dog playing with a skipping rope he noticed a particular knot created as the dog removed its head from the loop that had passed over it, and recognized the potential of the way in which this knot had been formed. From a piece of apple wood he carved a device that would produce the knot he had seen. A local school teacher backed Appleby's idea with a $50 loan, but the American Civil War and service in the Union Army prevented any further development until 1869 when he took out a patent on a wire-tying binder. A number of the devices were made for him by a company in Beloit. Trials of wire binders held in 1873 highlighted the danger of small pieces of wire caught up in the hay leading to livestock losses. Appleby looked again at the possibility of twine. In 1875 he successfully operated a machine and the following season four were in operation. A number of other developments, not least Behel's "bill hook" knotting device, were also to have an influence in the final development of Appleby's twine-tying binder. As so often happens, it was the vision of the entrepreneur which ultimately led to the success of Appleby's device. In 1877 Appleby persuaded William Deering to produce and market his binder, and 3,000 twine binders, together with the twine produced for them, were put on the market in 1880, with immediate success. Over the next dozen years all harvesting-machine manufacturers adopted the idea, under licence to Appleby.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    G.Quick and W.Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (provides an account of the development of harvesting machinery and the various tying devices developed for them).
    1927, "Twine knotter history", Wisconsin Magazine of History (a more specific account).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Appleby, John F.

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