-
1 regrado
rĕ-grădo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [re-gradus].I.To degrade in rank, set back, lower (late Lat.), Hier. adv. Johan. Hieros. 19;II.Novel. Theod. 2, 21, 1: usque ad decimum locum regradari,
Cod. Just. 12, 17, 3:sacerdotes qui peccaverant regradantur in aedituos,
Hier. in Jovin. 2, 28.—To bring back into the former order, to rearrange as before (by intercalation), Sol. 1, 45. -
2 деградирам
degrade, downgrade, demote, reduce in rank* * *деградѝрам,гл. degrade; downgrade, demote, reduce in rank.* * *degrade* * *degrade; downgrade, demote, • reduce in rank -
3 degradieren
v/t MIL. demote (zu to the rank of); fig. degrade (zu to)* * *to demote; to downgrade; to degrade* * *de|gra|die|ren [degra'diːrən] ptp degradiertvt (MIL)to demote ( zu to); (fig = herabwürdigen) to degradejdn/etw zu etw degradíéren (fig) — to lower sb/sth to the level of sth
* * *1) (to reduce to a lower rank: He was demoted for misconduct.) demote2) (to reduce to a lower level, especially of importance: His job was downgraded.) downgrade* * *de·gra·die·ren *[degraˈdi:rən]vtjdn zum einfachen Soldaten \degradieren to demote sb to the ranks2. (pej geh) to degrade sb, to reduce sb to [the level of] sth* * *transitives Verb demotejemanden/etwas zu etwas degradieren — (fig.) reduce somebody/something to [the level of] something
* * *zu to the rank of); fig degrade (zu to)* * *transitives Verb demotejemanden/etwas zu etwas degradieren — (fig.) reduce somebody/something to [the level of] something
* * *v.to demote v.to downgrade v. -
4 degradar
v.1 to degrade, to debase (moralmente).Sus amigos degradaron a Ricardo His friends degraded Richard.Ricardo degradó la leche por dinero Richard downgraded the milk for money.El general degradó al soldado vago The general degraded the lazy soldier.2 to demote.* * *1 to degrade, debase2 MILITAR to demote1 to demean oneself, degrade oneself* * *1. VT1) (=deteriorar) [+ salud] to cause to deteriorate; [+ litoral] to spoil; [+ calidad] to lower, make worse2) (Mil) to demote, downgrade3) (Inform) [+ datos] to corrupt4) (Geol) [+ suelo] to impoverish2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (Mil) to demoteb) ( envilecer) to degradec) ( empeorar) <calidad/valor> to diminish2) (Art) to gradate2.degradarse v prona) persona ( humillarse) to demean oneself, degrade oneselfb) (Quím) compuesto to decompose, degrade* * *= cheapen, debase, downgrade [down-grade], degrade, demean, demote, abase.Ex. Simplification is cheapening the process.Ex. As American industry has conclusively proven, the most direct way to cut costs is to debase the quality of the product.Ex. The opposite of the 'halo effect' -- downgrading someone you dislike but whose work is good -- is also an error.Ex. In point of fact, I am well aware that catalogers, as a group, resist with every cell in their bodies any attempt to erode or degrade or compromise the catalog.Ex. While there have been some praiseworthy improvements over the past few years, many biased headings persist which demean the very people who use the catalog.Ex. Supervisors may have to take such action as demoting or terminating an employee.Ex. Fairy tales not abased by the 'culture industry' might save us from our present state of barbarism resulting from a capitalism run wild.----* degradarse = degrade.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (Mil) to demoteb) ( envilecer) to degradec) ( empeorar) <calidad/valor> to diminish2) (Art) to gradate2.degradarse v prona) persona ( humillarse) to demean oneself, degrade oneselfb) (Quím) compuesto to decompose, degrade* * *= cheapen, debase, downgrade [down-grade], degrade, demean, demote, abase.Ex: Simplification is cheapening the process.
Ex: As American industry has conclusively proven, the most direct way to cut costs is to debase the quality of the product.Ex: The opposite of the 'halo effect' -- downgrading someone you dislike but whose work is good -- is also an error.Ex: In point of fact, I am well aware that catalogers, as a group, resist with every cell in their bodies any attempt to erode or degrade or compromise the catalog.Ex: While there have been some praiseworthy improvements over the past few years, many biased headings persist which demean the very people who use the catalog.Ex: Supervisors may have to take such action as demoting or terminating an employee.Ex: Fairy tales not abased by the 'culture industry' might save us from our present state of barbarism resulting from a capitalism run wild.* degradarse = degrade.* * *degradar [A1 ]vtA1 ( Mil) to demote2 (envilecer) to degradeestas prácticas degradan al ser humano these practices are degrading to human beings3 (empeorar) ‹calidad/valor› to diminishel suelo está excesivamente degradado the soil is too impoverished4 ( Quím) ‹compuesto› to degradeB ( Art) to gradate1 «persona» (humillarse) to demean oneself, degrade oneself, humiliate oneself2 ( Quím) «compuesto» to decompose, degrade* * *
degradar ( conjugate degradar) verbo transitivoa) (Mil) to demote
degradarse verbo pronominal [ persona] to demean oneself, degrade oneself
degradar verbo transitivo
1 to degrade: esos actos de barbarie le degradan, he had degraded himself by committing such barbaric acts
2 (en una jerarquía) to demote
' degradar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
denigrar
English:
debase
- degrade
- rank
- cheapen
- demean
- demote
* * *♦ vt1. [moralmente] to degrade, to debase;el alcohol la ha degradado she's been ruined by drink2. [físicamente] [medio ambiente, naturaleza] to degrade;[calidad, servicio, producto] to cause to deteriorate;la contaminación degrada el medio ambiente pollution degrades the environment3. [de mando militar, cargo] to demote, to downgrade* * *v/t1 degrade2 MIL demote3 PINT gradate* * *degradar vt1) : to degrade, to debase2) : to demote -
5 понижавам
1. lower, reduce; debaserelegate (до to)(служебно) reduce in rank/status, degrade, downgradeпонижавам гласа си drop/lower/hush o.'s voiceпонижавам цени lower/reduce/cut prices2. муз. flatten, ( при пеене) sing flatпонижавам се go down, drop, fallнастроението се понижи the spirits fellцените са се понижили prices have dropped* * *понижа̀вам,гл.1. lower, reduce; debase; relegate (до to); ( служебно) reduce in rank/status, declass, degrade, downgrade, demote; sl. kick downstairs; ( качество, стойност) debase; \понижавам гласа си drop/lower/hush o.’s voice;\понижавам се go down, drop, fall.* * *lower: Our company will понижавам the prices of our products. - Компанията ни ще понижи цените на нашите продукти.; reduce: понижавам in rank - понижавам в длъжност; abase; demote{di`mout}; depress; discount; disrate{dis`reit}; drop: The temperatures have понижавамped. - Температурите са се понижили.; go down; slash{slES}* * *1. (служебно) reduce in rank/ status, degrade, downgrade 2. lower, reduce;debase 3. relegate (до to) 4. ПОНИЖАВАМ ce go down, drop, fall 5. ПОНИЖАВАМ гласа си drop/lower/hush o.'s voice 6. ПОНИЖАВАМ цени lower/ reduce/cut prices 7. муз. flatten, (при пеене) sing flat 8. настроението се понижи the spirits fell 9. цените са се понижили prices have dropped -
6 retrocedere
retreatfig lose ground* * *retrocedere v.tr.1 (mil.) to degrade, to reduce in rank, to reduce to a lower rank: fu retrocesso per insubordinazione, he was degraded for insubordination2 (dir.) to recede, to withdraw*3 (comm.) ( bonificare) to remit; ( rendere partecipe agli utili) to give* a share in profits to (s.o.): retrocedere una spesa, un debito, to remit a charge, a debt◆ v. intr. to retreat, to withdraw*, to fall* back, to recede (anche fig.): il nemico fu costretto a retrocedere, the enemy was forced to retreat; pensaci su bene, perché non ti sarà possibile retrocedere, think it over well because you will not be able to withdraw; retrocedere da una decisione, to go back on a decision; retrocedere da una posizione, un contratto, to withdraw from a position, a contract; i prezzi di mercato retrocedono, market prices are receding.* * *1. [retro'tʃɛdere]vb irreg vtMil to demote, Sport to relegate2. vi* * *[retro'tʃɛdere] 1.verbo transitivo2.1) (tornare indietro) to retreat, to back away, to move backwards, to pull backretrocedere da una decisione — fig. to go back on a decision
* * *retrocedere/retro't∫εdere/ [2, 30](aus. essere)1 (tornare indietro) to retreat, to back away, to move backwards, to pull back; retrocedere da una decisione fig. to go back on a decision -
7 dégrader
dégrader [degʀade]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. ( = détériorer) to damageb. ( = avilir) [+ personne] to degrade2. reflexive verbb. [relations, situation, qualité, santé] to deteriorate ; [mémoire] to fail ; [pouvoir d'achat] to shrink* * *degʀade
1.
1) ( détériorer) to damage3) Art to shade [something] from dark to light [tons, couleurs]4) ( avilir) [vice] to degrade [personne]
2.
se dégrader verbe pronominal ( se détériorer) to deteriorate* * *deɡʀade vt1) MILITAIRE, [officier] to degrade2) (= abîmer) to damage3) (= avilir) to degrade, to debase* * *dégrader verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( détériorer) to damage [site, monument, environnement];3 Art to use [sth] in gradation [tons, couleurs];4 ( avilir) [vice] to degrade [personne].B se dégrader vpr1 ( se détériorer) [quartier, météo, situation, santé] to deteriorate;3 Phys [énergie] to degrade.[degrade] verbe transitif1. [abîmer] to damage3. [avilir] to degrade4. [couleurs] to shade (into one another)[lumières] to reduce gradually5. [cheveux] to layer6. MILITAIRE————————se dégrader verbe pronominal intransitif[meuble, bâtiment] to deteriorate[relation] to deteriorate[santé] to decline[temps] to get worse -
8 ordo
ordo, ĭnis, m. [from root or-; Sanscr. ar-, to go, strive upward; cf. orior, through an adj. stem ordo-; v. Corss. Krit. Beitr. p. 108], a regular row, line, or series, methodical arrangement, order (class.; syn.: series, tenor).I.In gen.:B.ordinem sic definiunt compositionem rerum aptis et accommodatis locis,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 142:vis ordinis et collocationis,
id. ib. 1, 40, 142:arbores in ordinem satae,
i. e. planted in a quincunx, Varr. R. R. 1, 7; cf. Cic. Caecil. 8, 22; id. Sen. 17, 59.—Esp., right order, regular succession:C.fatum appello ordinem seriemque causarum,
Cic. Div. 1, 55, 125:nihil esse pulchrius in omni ratione vitae dispositione atque ordine,
Col. 12, 2:adhibere modum quendam et ordinem rebus,
Cic. Off. 1, 5, 17:mox referam me ad ordinem,
will soon bring myself to order, return to order, id. Ac. 2, 20, 67:res in ordinem redigere,
to reduce to order, Auct. Her. 3, 9, 16; so,in ordinem adducere,
Cic. Univ. 3:ordinem conservare,
id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:eundem tenere,
to preserve, id. Phil. 5, 13, 35:sequi,
id. Brut. 69, 244:immutare,
to change, id. Or. 63, 214:perturbare,
to disturb, id. Brut. 62, 223: cogere or redigere in ordinem, to reduce to order, to humble, degrade:decemviri querentes, se in ordinem cogi,
Liv. 3, 51; 3, 35; Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 1; Quint. 1, 4, 3; so,in ordinem redactus,
Suet. Vesp. 15; cf.trop.: gula reprimenda et quasi in ordinem redigenda est,
Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5.—Adverb. expressions.1.Ordine, in ordinem, per ordinem, in ordine, ex ordine, in order, in turn:2.Hegioni rem enarrato omnem ordine,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 53; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 17; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 28:interrogare,
Cic. Part. 1, 2:tabulae in ordinem confectae,
id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:ordine cuncta exposuit,
Liv. 3, 50, 4; 30, 15, 1:sortiti nocte singuli per ordinem,
Quint. 4, 2, 72:hos Corydon, illos referebat in ordine Thyrsis,
Verg. E. 7, 20; id. A. 8, 629:ut quisque aetate et honore antecedebat, ita sententiam dixit ex ordine,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 143:ordine se vocante,
when his turn came, Macr. S. 2, 2, § 12:in ordine vicis,
Vulg. Luc. 1, 8.—Ordine, regularly, properly, appropriately:3.omnia ut quidque Egisti ordine scio,
Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 15:rem demonstravi ordine,
id. Mil. 3, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 3, 17 Brix ad loc.:an id recte, ordine, e re publicā factum esse defendes?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:si hoc recte atque ordine factum videtur,
id. Quint. 7, 28.—Ex ordine, in succession, without intermission:4.vendit Italiae possessiones ex ordine omnes,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 4:septem illum totos perhibent ex ordine menses Flevisse,
Verg. G. 4, 507; cf. id. A. 5, 773.—Extra ordinem.a.Out of course, in an unusual or extraordinary manner:b.extra ordinem decernere provinciam alicui,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19:crimina probantur,
in an illegal manner, Dig. 48, 1, 8.—Extraordinarily, i. e. uncommonly, eminently, especially:II.ad eam spem, quam extra ordinem de te ipso habemus, accedunt tua praecipua,
Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 3.—Transf. concr.A.In gen.1.Tres ordines lapidum, three courses of stones, Vulg. 3 Reg. 6, 36.—In building, a row, course, or layer of stones, etc.:2.obstructis in speciem portis singulis ordinibus caespitum,
Caes. B. G. 5, 51:alius insuper ordo adicitur,
id. ib. 7, 23: tot premit ordinibus caput, tiers or layers of ornaments, Juv. 6, 502. —A row of benches or seats:3.terno consurgunt ordine remi,
in three rows of oar-banks, Verg. A. 5, 120:sex ordinum navem invenit Xenagoras,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 208.—In the theatre, a row of seats: post senatores ex vetere instituto quatuordecim graduum ordines equestri ordini assignati fuere, Suet. [p. 1278] Aug. 44:sedisti in quatuordecim ordinibus,
Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 44.—A train of servants or attendants:B.comitum longissimus ordo,
Juv. 3, 284.—In milit. lang.1.A line or rank of soldiers in battle array:2.auxilia regis nullo ordine iter fecerant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 26:ne quisquam ordine egrederetur,
Sall. J. 45, 2:nullo ordine commutato,
id. ib. 101, 2:sine signis, sine ordinibus,
id. ib. 97, 5; so,signa atque ordines observare,
to keep the ranks, remain in line, id. ib. 51, 1:conturbare,
id. ib. 50, 4:restituere,
id. ib. 51, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 8, 8.—A band, troop, company of soldiers:3.viri fortissimi atque honestissimi, qui ordines duxerunt,
who have led companies, have been officers, Cic. Phil. 1, 8, 20:L. Pupius primipili centurio, qui hunc eundem ordinem in exercitu Pompeii antea duxerat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 13. —Hence,A captaincy, a command: ordinem alicui adimere, Tab. Heracl. ap. Mazoch. p. 423, n. 47; cf.(β).on the contrary: alicui assignare,
Liv. 42, 34:DARE,
Inscr. Orell. 3456:centuriones ad superiores ordines transducere,
Caes. B. G. 6, 40; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 4.—Ordines, chieftains, captains:C.tribunis militum primisque ordinibus convocatis,
the captains of the first companies, Caes. B. G. 6, 7 fin.; Liv. 30, 4, 1.—In a polit. respect, an order, i. e. a rank, class, degree of citizens:2.et meus med ordo inrideat,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 55.—In the time of Cicero there were three principal classes, ordo senatorius, equester, and plebeius:Fidiculanius cujus erat ordinis? senatoril,
Cic. Clu. 37, 104; id. Fl. 18, 43:proximus est huic dignitati equester ordo,
Cic. Dom. 28, 74; Suet. Aug. 41:inferiores loco, auctoritate, ordine,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 127: ordo amplissimus, i. e. the Senate:quem absentem in amplissimum ordinem cooptarunt,
id. Cael. 2, 5;also termed SPLENDIDISSIMVS ORDO,
Inscr. Orell. 1180; 1181; and simply ordo, the order, for the Senate:ordo Mutinensis,
Tac. H. 2, 52; Inscr. Grut. 425, 1:trecentos ex dediticiis electos utriusque ordinis,
i. e. of the two upper classes, Suet. Aug. 15.—In gen., a class, rank, station, condition:(β).mearum me rerum aequom'st novisse ordinem,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 50:publicanorum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 9, 2:aratorum, pecuariorum, mercatorum,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:homo ornatissimus loco, ordine, nomine,
id. ib. 2, 1, 48, §127: libertini,
Suet. Gram. 18.—So in the inscrr.: SACERDOTVM, HARVSPICVM, etc., Grut. 320, 12; 304, 7; 302, 2 et saep.; so,grammatici alios auctores in ordinem redigerunt, alios omnino exemerant numero,
recognized among, placed in the rank of, Quint. 1, 4, 3.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.), an order in the church, an ecclesiastical rank or office:ordines sacerdotum et Levitarum,
Vulg. 2 Esdr. 13, 30:secundum ordinem Melchisedek,
id. Psa. 109, 5. -
9 cēnsor
cēnsor ōris, m [cf. censeo], the title of a Roman magistrate, instituted B.C. 443. The censors were two in number (usually patricians of high rank), elected in the Comitia Curiata, originally every five years. Their duties, which they swore to perform without favor or enmity, were to make a census of the people, giving the age, property, and class of each person; to exercise general control over public morals, with power to degrade any citizen to a lower rank, to expel senators, and deprive the equites of horses and rings; to administer, under direction of the Senate, the public finances, to construct and keep in repair public buildings, roads, and aqueducts, and to furnish victims for the sacrifices: Papirium Sempronium que censui agendo populus suffragiis praefecit; censores ab re appellati sunt, L.: video animadvertisse censores in iudices: cum Saturninum censor notasset: qui eum ex senatu censor eiecerat: quem censores senatu moverant, S.: quem censores aerarium reliquisse se subscripserunt. — Meton., the title of a magistrate in a colony or province, whose duties were similar to those of the censor at Rome: censores in Siciliā creati: iurati censores coloniarum, L.—Fig., a severe judge of morals, censurer, critic: pertristis: castigator censorque minorum, H.* * *censor, magistrate for registration/census; censurer, critic (behavior/books) -
10 degradar
• abase• corrupt• degrade• grade according to length and fineness• grade goods• lower in rank• reduce in grade• reduce in rank• reduce in status• reduce the purity of• reduce to the ranks -
11 schwer
I Adj.1. gewichtsmäßig: heavy; wie schwer bist du? how much do you weigh?; es ist zwei Pfund schwer it weighs ( oder it’s) two pounds; ein drei Pfund schwerer Braten etc. a three-pound roast etc.; ein mehrere Tonnen schwerer Kran a crane weighing several tons; ich darf nichts Schweres heben I mustn’t ( oder can’t) lift anything heavy2. fig., Angriff, Parfüm, Schritt, Unwetter, Verluste, Wein etc.: heavy; (gewichtig) weighty; (drückend) oppressive; Speise: rich; (schwer verdaulich) heavy; Zigarre, Duft: strong; schwere Maschine (Motorrad) powerful machine; er soll nichts Schweres essen he’s not supposed to eat anything rich; schwerer Boden heavy soil, clay; schweres Gold solid gold; schweres Wasser CHEM. heavy water; schwerer Atem labo(u)red breathing; ich habe einen schweren Kopf my head’s throbbing; schwerer Schlaf deep ( oder heavy) sleep; schwere Zunge heavy tongue; schweren Herzens reluctantly; (traurig) with a heavy heart3. umg.: schweres Geld verdienen make big money, make a packet (Am. bundle); schweres Geld kosten cost serious money ( oder a packet, Am. a bundle); etliche Millionen schwer sein be worth a few million4. Verbrechen: serious, grave; (schlimm) bad; siehe auch schlimm; verstärkend, Unfall, Wunde: bad, serious; Krankheit, Fehler, Irrtum: serious; schwere Erkältung bad ( oder heavy) cold; eine schwere Gehirnerschütterung severe concussion; schwerer Schock bad ( oder severe, terrible) shock; schwere Körperverletzung grievous bodily harm, Brit. Abk. GBH; schwerer Diebstahl aggravated theft; schwerer Schlag fig. heavy ( oder hard) blow; schwerer Alkoholiker hardened alcoholic; schwerer Junge umg. hardened criminal, big-time crook6. (schwierig) hard, difficult, tough umg.; siehe auch schwierig; Musik: difficult; Buch: heavy(-going); (anstrengend) hard, tough umg.; Amt, Pflicht: onerous; schwere Aufgabe / Prüfung hard ( oder difficult) task / severe test; das Schwere daran the difficult part about it; schweres Schicksal hard lot; schwerer Tag hard (tough umg.) day; heute war ein schwerer Tag auch it was hard (tough umg.) going today; er hatte eine schwere Jugend he had a hard time when he was young; schwere Zeit(en) hard times; sie hat viel Schweres durchgemacht she went through many hard times; Begriff 1, Blei1 1, Geschütz etc.II Adv.1. bewaffnet etc.: heavily etc.; schwer beladen Laster etc.: heavily laden, with a heavy load (FLUG. etc. cargo); fig. Person, mit Sorgen etc.: weighed down ( mit with); jemandem schwer auf der Seele liegen prey on s.o.’s mind; es belastet ihn schwer it weighs heavily on his mind; zu schwer gegessen haben have eaten food that was too rich ( oder heavy)2. (schlimm) badly; es hat sie schwer getroffen it hit her hard, it was a hard blow for her; schwer betroffen seriously affected; etw. schwer nehmen take s.th. seriously; (zu Herzen nehmen) take s.th. to heart; nimm’s nicht so schwer don’t take it to heart; schwer stürzen / verunglücken have a bad ( oder serious) fall / accident; schwer erkältet sein have a bad ( oder heavy) cold; schwer krank seriously ill; schwer kriegsbeschädigt severely war-disabled; schwer verletzt seriously hurt ( oder injured); schwer verwundet seriously wounded; schwer betrunken very drunk, drunk out of one’s mind umg.; schwer enttäuscht really ( oder deeply) disappointed; schwer leiden suffer badly3. (hart) schwer arbeiten work hard; schwer verdient hard-earned; schwer geprüft sorely tried; schwer bestrafen punish severely; schwer büßen pay dearly4. umg. (sehr) really; schwer aufpassen watch like a hawk; schwer beleidigt deeply offended; bes. iro. mortally wounded; schwer beeindruckt very ( oder deeply) impressed; schwer stolz sein auf (+ Akk) be very proud of; das will ich schwer hoffen! I should hope so!; drohend: you’d etc. better!; ich werd mich schwer hüten! I shall do nothing of the sort!; er ist schwer in Ordnung he’s a really great guy; schwer reich sein be loaded; da hat er sich aber schwer getäuscht he’s very much mistaken there; sich schwer blamieren make an awful fool of o.s.5. (nicht leicht) schwer atmen have difficulty breathing; das ist schwer zu beantworten there’s no easy answer to that, that’s a good question; das ist schwer zu beurteilen it’s difficult to say ( oder judge); sich schwer entschließen können have difficulty making up one’s mind; ein schwer erziehbares Kind a difficult ( oder problem) child; schwer erziehbar sein have behavio(u)ral problems; schwer fallen be difficult (+ Dat for), not be easy (for); es fällt ihm schwer auch he finds it hard; seelisch: it’s hard on him; Mathe ist mir immer / nie schwer gefallen I always / never found math(s) difficult; es fällt ihr schwer, sich zu bedanken / entschuldigen she finds it difficult to say thank you / to apologize; auch wenn’s dir schwer fällt whether you like it or not; es fällt mir schwer, Ihnen sagen zu müssen,... it pains me to have to tell you...; sie hat es schwer she has a hard time (of it), she’s having hard times; keiner hat es so schwer wie wir nobody has such a hard time of it as we do; schwer hören be hard of hearing; auf dem Ohr hört sie schwer umg., fig. she doesn’t want to know (when you mention that); schwer löslich CHEM. of low solubility, not easily soluble; jemandem etw. schwer machen make s.th. difficult for s.o.; jemandem das Leben schwer machen give s.o. a hard time; sich (Dat) etw. schwer machen make s.th. difficult for o.s.; schwer zu sagen difficult to say; sich mit etw. schwer tun have a hard time with s.th.; auch grundsätzlich: find s.th. difficult; ich tue mich oder mir mit Fremdsprachen schwer auch I’m not very good at foreign languages; er tut sich mit seiner Schwester schwer he doesn’t get on (Am. along) with his sister; sie sind nur schwer zu überzeugen it’s not easy to convince them; ( sehr) schwer verdaulich indigestible, heavy; fig., Buch etc.: heavy(-going); schwer verkäuflich difficult to sell; attr. WIRTS. slow-selling...; schwer verständlich difficult ( oder hard) to understand; (entstellt) Nachricht etc.: garbled; schwer verständlicher Stil auch impenetrable style; schwer verträglich Essen: hard on the digestive system; Medikament: not easily tolerated; schwer zu verstehen difficult to understand, hard to grasp; er ist schwer zu verstehen akustisch: it’s difficult to hear what he’s saying; Kapee, Magen, schaffen2 II 3 etc.* * *(Bedeutung) serious (Adj.);(Essen) rich (Adj.);(Krankheit) severe (Adj.)* * *[ʃveːɐ]1. adj1) (lit, fig) heavy; (= massiv) Gold solidein 10 kg schwérer Sack — a sack weighing 10 kgs, a sack 10 kgs in weight
die Beine wurden mir schwér — my legs grew heavy
er ist fünf Millionen schwér (inf) — he is worth five million
See:→ Herz2) (= stark) Fahrzeug, Maschine powerful; Artillerie, Kavallerie, Wein, Parfüm heavy; Zigarre strong; (= nährstoffreich) Boden richschwéres Wasser (Phys) — heavy water
See:→ Geschütz3) (= heftig) Sturm, See, Angriff, Artilleriefeuer heavy; Winter hard, severe4) (= ernst) Sorge, Bedenken, Unrecht, Unfall, Verlust, Krankheit, Beleidigung serious, grave; Fehler, Enttäuschung serious, grave, big; (COMPUT ) Fehler fatal, critical; Zeit, Leben, Schicksal hard; Leiden, Belastungsprobe, Strafe, Buße severe; Musik heavyschwére Verluste — heavy losses
Schweres erlebt or durchgemacht haben — to have been through (some) hard times, to have had a hard time (of it)
das war ein schwérer Schlag für ihn — it was a hard blow for him
See:→ Stunde, Junge5) (= hart, anstrengend) Amt, Aufgabe, Dienst, Arbeit, Tag hard; Geburt, Tod difficultes schwér haben — to have a hard time (of it)
See:→ Anfang, Geburt6) (= schwierig) Frage, Entscheidung, Übung hard, difficult, tough7) (inf = enorm)schwéres Geld machen — to make a packet (inf)
2. adv1) (= mit schwerer Last) beladen, bepackt, bewaffnet heavilyschwér auf jdm/etw liegen/lasten — to lie/weigh heavily on sb/sth
zu tragen haben (sich abschleppen) — to be loaded down with sth; (fig) an Schuld etc to be heavily burdened with sth
an den 50 Sack hast du viel zu schwér zu tragen — these 50 sacks are too much for you to carry
das Bewusstsein, ihr unrecht getan zu haben, lastet schwér auf ihm — knowing that he did her an injustice is hard for him to bear
2) (= hart) arbeiten, schuften hard; bestrafen, tadeln, missbilligen severelyschwér geprüft sein — to be sorely tried
schwér verdientes Geld — hard-earned money
es schwér haben — to have a hard time of it
es mit jdm schwér haben — to have a hard time with sb
3) (= ernstlich) verletzen, verwunden seriously; krank seriously, critically; beleidigen, kränken, treffen, gekränkt deeplyschwér kriegsbeschädigt — seriously disabled (in war)
schwér erkältet sein — to have a bad cold
schwér stürzen — to have a bad fall
schwér verunglücken — to have a serious accident
4)(= nicht einfach)
schwér zu sehen/sagen — hard or difficult to see/sayes lässt sich schwér abschätzen/voraussagen — it's hard to estimate/to predict
5)(= mit Mühe)
sich schwér entschließen können — to find it hard or difficult to decideer lernt schwér — he's a slow learner
schwér hören — to be hard of hearing
schwér löslich (attr) — not easily dissoluble
etw ist schwér löslich — sth is not easy to dissolve
jd ist schwér erziehbar — sb has behavioural (Brit) or behavioral (US) problems
ein schwér erziehbares Kind — a maladjusted child
schwér verdaulich (Speisen) — indigestible; (fig auch) difficult
etw ist schwér verdaulich — sth is hard to digest
schwér verständlich — difficult or hard to understand, incomprehensible
schwér verträglich sein (Speise) — to be indigestible; (Medikament) to have side effects; (Klima) to be unhealthy
ein schwér verträgliches Medikament — medicine which has side effects
6) (inf = sehr) reallyda musste ich schwér aufpassen — I really had to watch out
schwér betrunken — completely drunk, rolling drunk (Brit inf)
schwér verdienen — to earn a packet (Brit inf) or a fistful (US inf)
ich werde mich schwér hüten — there's no way (I will) (inf)
schwér im Irrtum sein — to be badly or seriously mistaken
er ist schwér in Ordnung — he's OK (inf), he's a good bloke (Brit inf) or guy (inf)
* * *1) (not easy to do, learn, solve etc: Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please.) hard2) (severe or very bad: He was found guilty of inflicting grievous bodily harm (= very serious injuries) on the old man.) grievous3) heavily4) (having great weight; difficult to lift or carry: a heavy parcel.) heavy5) (having a particular weight: I wonder how heavy our little baby is.) heavy6) (of very great amount, force etc: heavy rain; a heavy blow; The ship capsized in the heavy seas; heavy taxes.) heavy7) (difficult to read, do, understand etc: Books on philosophy are too heavy for me.) heavy8) ((of food) hard to digest: rather heavy pastry.) heavy9) (noisy and clumsy: heavy footsteps.) heavy* * *<schwerer, schwerste>[ʃve:ɐ̯]I. adj1. (nicht leicht) heavy, weighty\schwer wie Blei as heavy as lead20 kg \schwer sein to weigh 20 kgein fünf Kilo \schwerer Fisch a fish weighing five kilos, a five kilo fish3. (anstrengend) hardein \schweres Amt a difficult [or hard] task\schwere Arbeit hard workeine \schwere Bürde a heavy burdeneine \schwere Geburt/Operation a difficult [or complicated] birth/operation4. (gravierend) serious, grave\schwere Bedenken strong reservationsein \schwerer Fehler [o Irrtum] a serious [or bad] mistake\schwere Körperverletzung JUR grievous bodily harmein \schwerer Mangel an acute shortage\schwere Mängel aufweisen to be badly defective\schwerer Schaden extensive [or serious] [or severe] damageein \schweres Unrecht a blatant [or rank] injustice\schwere Verluste erleiden to suffer severe losseseine \schwere Enttäuschung a deep [or great] disappointmentein \schweres Leiden a terrible affliction [or illness]ein \schwerer Tod a painful death\schwere Verwüstung[en] anrichten to cause utter [or complete] devastationS\schweres mitmachen [o durchmachen] to live through hard [or difficult] timesein \schweres Schicksal a hard loteine \schwere Strafe a harsh [or severe] punishmenteine \schwere Zeit a hard [or difficult] time7. (schwierig) hard, difficultdie Rechenaufgaben sind heute besonders \schwer today's sums are particularly tricky[eine] \schwere Lektüre/Musik heavy reading/music\schwere Kämpfe heavy fightingeine \schwere See a heavy [or rough] [or stormy] seaeine \schwere Welle a high [or tall] wave11. (derb, grobschlächtig) Pferd, Schuhe heavyein \schwerer Lkw (mit starkem Motor) a heavy truck15. (intensiv) strongein \schwerer Duft/ein \schweres Parfüm a pungent scent/perfume16. AGR1 Million \schwer sein to be worth 1 million\schweres Geld kosten to cost a packet fam\schweres Geld verdienen to make big money fam19. (massiv) solidaus \schwerem Gold [made of] solid goldein \schwerer Stoff a heavy cloth20. (feucht)\schwere Luft oppressively humid air21. (traurig)jdm ist \schwer ums Herz sb is heavy-hearted22. (müde) heavydie Beine wurden ihm \schwer his legs grew heavyII. adv1. (hart) hard\schwer arbeiten to work hardjdn \schwer bestrafen to punish sb severelyetw \schwer büßen müssen to pay a heavy price [or penalty] for sthes \schwer haben to have it hard [or a hard time [of it]]es \schwer mit jdm haben to have a hard time [of it] with sb2. (mit schweren Lasten) heavily\schwer auf jdm lasten (fig) to weigh heavily on sb\schwer zu tragen haben to have a lot [or a heavy load] to carry3. (mit Mühe) with [great] difficulty\schwer abbaubare Materialien materials which do not decompose [or degrade] very easily\schwer atmen to have difficulty breathing\schwer erarbeitet hard-earnedein \schwer erziehbares Kind a problem child\schwer hören to be hard of hearing\schwer löslich not easily dissoluble\schwer verdaulich [o verträglich] difficult [or hard] to digest; (fig: schwierig, düster) heavy-going attr, heavy going pred\schwer vermittelbar difficult to place [in employment]das will ich \schwer hoffen! I sincerely hope soer ist \schwer in Ordnung he really is a cool guy fam\schwer beleidigt sein to be deeply offended\schwer betrunken dead drunkjdn \schwer zur Kasse bitten to hit sb hard in the [back] pocket fametw \schwer missbilligen to strongly disapprove of [or object to] sthjdm \schwer zu schaffen machen to give sb a hard timejdn \schwer schröpfen to fleece sb big time sl5. (ernstlich) seriously, badly\schwer behindert [o beschädigt] severely handicapped [or disabled]\schwer erkrankt sein to be seriously [or gravely] ill\schwer gestürzt sein to have had a bad fall\schwer verletzt seriously [or badly] [or severely] injured\schwer verunglückt sein to have had a bad [or serious] accident\schwer wiegend serious\schwer wiegende Bedenken strong [or serious] reservationseine \schwer wiegende Entscheidung a momentous decisionein \schwer wiegender Grund a sound [or convincing] [or compelling] reason6. (schwierig) difficultetw ist \schwer zu beantworten there is no easy answer to sth\schwer zu begreifen difficult tojdm das Leben \schwer machen to make life difficult for sb\schwer zu sagen hard to say\schwer verständlich (geistig) scarcely comprehensible; (akustisch) hard [or difficult] to understand pred7. (traurig)jdm das Herz \schwer machen to make sb's heart heavy [or sad\schwer bewaffnet sein to be heavily armed* * *1.2) (anstrengend, mühevoll) heavy < work>; hard, tough < job>; hard < day>; difficult < birth>es schwer/nicht schwer haben — have it hard/easy
jemandem/sich etwas schwer machen — make something difficult for somebody/oneself
sich (Akk. od. Dat.) mit od. bei etwas schwer tun — have trouble with something
sich (Akk. od. Dat.) mit jemandem schwer tun — not get along with somebody
3) (schlimm) severe <shock, disappointment, strain, storm>; serious, grave <wrong, injustice, error, illness, blow, reservation>; serious <accident, injury>; heavy <punishment, strain, loss, blow>; grave < suspicion>2.ein schwerer Junge — (ugs.) a crook with a record (coll.)
1) heavily <built, laden, armed>schwer tragen — be carrying something heavy [with difficulty]
schwer auf jemandem/etwas liegen od. lasten — (auch fig.) weigh heavily on somebody/something
schwer erkauft — dearly bought; bought at great cost postpos.
3) (sehr) seriously <injured, wounded, ill>; greatly, deeply < disappointed>; < punish> severely, heavily severely <disabled, handicapped>; badly < damaged>schwer aufpassen — (ugs.) take great care
schwer im Irrtum sein — (ugs.) be very much mistaken
das will ich schwer hoffen — (ugs.) I should jolly well think so (Brit. coll.)
er ist schwer in Ordnung — (ugs.) he's a good bloke (Brit. coll.) or (coll.) guy
* * *A. adj1. gewichtsmäßig: heavy;wie schwer bist du? how much do you weigh?;es ist zwei Pfund schwer it weighs ( oder it’s) two pounds;ein mehrere Tonnen schwerer Kran a crane weighing several tons;ich darf nichts Schweres heben I mustn’t ( oder can’t) lift anything heavy2. fig, Angriff, Parfüm, Schritt, Unwetter, Verluste, Wein etc: heavy; (gewichtig) weighty; (drückend) oppressive; Speise: rich; (schwer verdaulich) heavy; Zigarre, Duft: strong;schwere Maschine (Motorrad) powerful machine;er soll nichts Schweres essen he’s not supposed to eat anything rich;schwerer Boden heavy soil, clay;schweres Gold solid gold;schweres Wasser CHEM heavy water;schwerer Atem labo(u)red breathing;ich habe einen schweren Kopf my head’s throbbing;schwerer Schlaf deep ( oder heavy) sleep;schwere Zunge heavy tongue;schweren Herzens reluctantly; (traurig) with a heavy heart3. umg:schweres Geld verdienen make big money, make a packet (US bundle);etliche Millionen schwer sein be worth a few million4. Verbrechen: serious, grave; (schlimm) bad; → auch schlimm; verstärkend, Unfall, Wunde: bad, serious; Krankheit, Fehler, Irrtum: serious; IT Fehler: fatal, critical;schwere Erkältung bad ( oder heavy) cold;eine schwere Gehirnerschütterung severe concussion;schwerer Schock bad ( oder severe, terrible) shock;schwere Körperverletzung grievous bodily harm, Br abk GBH;schwerer Diebstahl aggravated theft;schwerer Alkoholiker hardened alcoholic;schwerer Junge umg hardened criminal, big-time crookeine schwere See a heavy sea6. (schwierig) hard, difficult, tough umg; → auch schwierig; Musik: difficult; Buch: heavy(-going); (anstrengend) hard, tough umg; Amt, Pflicht: onerous;schwere Aufgabe/Prüfung hard ( oder difficult) task/severe test;das Schwere daran the difficult part about it;schweres Schicksal hard lot;schwerer Tag hard (tough umg) day;er hatte eine schwere Jugend he had a hard time when he was young;schwere Zeit(en) hard times;sie hat viel Schweres durchgemacht she went through many hard times; → Begriff 1, Blei1 1, Geschütz etcB. adv1. bewaffnet etc: heavily etc;schwer beladen Laster etc: heavily laden, with a heavy load (FLUG etc cargo); fig Person, mit Sorgen etc: weighed down (mit with);jemandem schwer auf der Seele liegen prey on sb’s mind;es belastet ihn schwer it weighs heavily on his mind;zu schwer gegessen haben have eaten food that was too rich ( oder heavy)2. (schlimm) badly;es hat sie schwer getroffen it hit her hard, it was a hard blow for her;schwer betroffen seriously affected;schwer stürzen/verunglücken have a bad ( oder serious) fall/accident;schwer erkältet sein have a bad ( oder heavy) cold;schwer krank seriously ill;schwer verletzt seriously hurt ( oder injured);schwer verwundet seriously wounded;schwer betrunken very drunk, drunk out of one’s mind umg;schwer enttäuscht really ( oder deeply) disappointed;schwer leiden suffer badly3. (hart)schwer arbeiten work hard;schwer verdient hard-earned;schwer geprüft sorely tried;schwer bestrafen punish severely;schwer büßen pay dearly4. umg (sehr) really;schwer aufpassen watch like a hawk;schwer beleidigt deeply offended; besonders iron mortally wounded;schwer beeindruckt very ( oder deeply) impressed;schwer stolz sein auf (+akk) be very proud of;ich werd mich schwer hüten! I shall do nothing of the sort!;er ist schwer in Ordnung he’s a really great guy;da hat er sich aber schwer getäuscht he’s very much mistaken there;sich schwer blamieren make an awful fool of o.s.schwer atmen have difficulty breathing;das ist schwer zu beantworten there’s no easy answer to that, that’s a good question;das ist schwer zu beurteilen it’s difficult to say ( oder judge);sich schwer entschließen können have difficulty making up one’s mind;ein schwer erziehbares Kind a difficult ( oder problem) child;schwer erziehbar sein have behavio(u)ral problems;sie hat es schwer she has a hard time (of it), she’s having hard times;keiner hat es so schwer wie wir nobody has such a hard time of it as we do;schwer hören be hard of hearing;auf dem Ohr hört sie schwer umg, fig she doesn’t want to know (when you mention that);schwer löslich CHEM of low solubility, not easily soluble;jemandem etwas schwer machen make sth difficult for sb;jemandem das Leben schwer machen give sb a hard time;sich (dat)etwas schwer machen make sth difficult for o.s.;schwer zu sagen difficult to say;sie sind nur schwer zu überzeugen it’s not easy to convince them;schwer verständlicher Stil auch impenetrable style;schwer zu verstehen difficult to understand, hard to grasp;er ist schwer zu verstehen akustisch: it’s difficult to hear what he’s saying; → Kapee, Magen, schaffen2 B 3 etc…schwer im adj1. im wörtl Sinn:kiloschwer weighing a kilogram ( oder several kilos);tonnenschwer weighing tons2. fig:kalorienschwer with a high calorie content, high-calorie …;cholesterinschwer with a high cholesterol content;milliardenschwer worth a billion ( oder billions), billionaire …* * *1.2) (anstrengend, mühevoll) heavy < work>; hard, tough < job>; hard < day>; difficult < birth>es schwer/nicht schwer haben — have it hard/easy
jemandem/sich etwas schwer machen — make something difficult for somebody/oneself
sich (Akk. od. Dat.) mit od. bei etwas schwer tun — have trouble with something
sich (Akk. od. Dat.) mit jemandem schwer tun — not get along with somebody
3) (schlimm) severe <shock, disappointment, strain, storm>; serious, grave <wrong, injustice, error, illness, blow, reservation>; serious <accident, injury>; heavy <punishment, strain, loss, blow>; grave < suspicion>2.ein schwerer Junge — (ugs.) a crook with a record (coll.)
1) heavily <built, laden, armed>schwer tragen — be carrying something heavy [with difficulty]
schwer auf jemandem/etwas liegen od. lasten — (auch fig.) weigh heavily on somebody/something
schwer erkauft — dearly bought; bought at great cost postpos.
3) (sehr) seriously <injured, wounded, ill>; greatly, deeply < disappointed>; < punish> severely, heavily severely <disabled, handicapped>; badly < damaged>schwer aufpassen — (ugs.) take great care
schwer im Irrtum sein — (ugs.) be very much mistaken
das will ich schwer hoffen — (ugs.) I should jolly well think so (Brit. coll.)
er ist schwer in Ordnung — (ugs.) he's a good bloke (Brit. coll.) or (coll.) guy
* * *(Speisen) adj.rich adj. adj.big adj.difficult adj.grave adj.hard adj.heavy adj.weighty adj. -
12 degrado
degradare, degradavi, degradatus V TRANSreduce in rank; deprive of office; degrade -
13 schwer
1) ( nicht leicht) heavy;20/30 kg \schwer sein to weigh 20/30 kg;\schwer wie Blei as heavy as lead;ihm ist \schwer ums Herz he is heavy-hearted2) ( beträchtlich) serious;\schwere Bedenken strong [or serious] reservations;eine \schwere Enttäuschung a deep [or great] [or bitter] disappointment;ein \schwerer Mangel an acute shortage;\schwere Mängel aufweisen to be faulty, to be badly defective;ein \schwerer Schaden extensive [or serious] [or severe] damage;ein \schweres Unrecht a blatant [or gross] [or rank] injustice;eine \schwere Verletzung a serious [or bad] [or severe] injury;ein \schwerer Verlust a bitter loss;eine \schwere Verwundung a serious [or severe] wound;\schwere Verwüstung[en] anrichten to cause utter [or complete] [or total] devastation3) ( hart) hard;ein \schweres Amt a difficult [or hard] task;eine \schwere Bürde a heavy burden;ein \schweres Schicksal a cruel fate;eine \schwere Strafe a harsh [or severe] punishment;eine \schwere Zeit a hard [or difficult] time4) ( körperlich belastend) serious, grave;ein \schweres Leiden a terrible affliction [or illness];ein \schwerer Tod a painful death;ein \schwerer Unfall a bad [or serious] accident;5) ( schwierig) hard, difficult;die Rechenaufgaben sind heute besonders \schwer today's sums are particularly tricky;ein \schwerer Moment a difficult moment;eine \schwere Lektüre/eine \schwere Musik heavy reading/musicein \schweres Gewitter/ein \schwerer Sturm a violent [or severe] [or heavy] thunderstorm/storm;eine \schwere Welle a high [or tall] waveeine \schwere See a heavy [or rough] [or stormy] seaein \schwerer Lkw a heavy truckein \schwerer Duft/ein \schweres Parfüm a pungent scent/perfume\schwerer Boden heavy [or hard] soil1/2/... Millionen \schwer sein to be worth 1/2/... millionaus \schwerem Gold [made of] solid gold;ein \schwerer Stoff a heavy cloth;ein \schwerer Boden rich soil\schwere Luft oppressively humid air; s. a. Geschütz, Schlag, Wasser1) ( hart) hard;\schwer arbeiten to work hard;etw \schwer büßen müssen to pay a heavy price [or penalty] for sth;sich etw \schwer erkämpfen müssen to have to fight hard for sth;es \schwer haben to have it hard [or a hard time [of it]];es \schwer [mit jdm] haben to have a hard time [of it] [with sb];jdm \schwer zu schaffen machen to give sb a hard time;\schwer [an etw] zu tragen haben to have a heavy cross to bear [as a result of sth]2) ( mit schweren Lasten) heavily;\schwer zu tragen haben to have a lot [or a heavy load] to carry\schwer beleidigt sein to be deeply offended;\schwer betrunken dead drunk;etw \schwer missbilligen to strongly disapprove of [or object to] sth4) ( mit Mühe) with [great] difficulty;\schwer abbaubare Materialien/ Verpackungen materials/packaging which do/does not decompose [or degrade] very easily;\schwer erarbeitet hard-earned;\schwer erziehbar maladjusted, recalcitrant;ein \schwer erziehbares Kind a problem child;\schwer löslich not easily dissoluble;\schwer zu begreifen/ verstehen difficult to understand;du musst lauter sprechen, sie hört \schwer you'll have to speak up, she's [very] hard of hearingjdn \schwer zur Kasse bitten to hit sb hard in the [back] pocket ( fig)jdn \schwer schröpfen to fleece sb big time (sl)\schwer verdienen to earn a packet ( fam)6) ( ernstlich) seriously;sich \schwer erkälten to catch a bad [or heavy] cold;\schwer erkrankt sein to be seriously [or desperately] [or gravely] ill;\schwer gestürzt sein to have had a bad fall;\schwer verletzt seriously [or badly] [or severely] injured;sich \schwer verletzen to seriously [or badly] [or severely] injure oneself;\schwer verunglückt sein to have had a bad [or serious] accident;\schwer wiegend serious;\schwer wiegende Bedenken strong [or serious] reservations;eine \schwer wiegende Entscheidung, ein \schwer wiegender Entschluss a momentous decision;ein \schwer wiegender Grund a sound [or convincing] [or compelling] reason7) ( schwierig) difficult, not easy;\schwer verständlich ( kaum nachvollziehbar) scarcely comprehensible;sich etw zu \schwer machen to make sth too difficult for oneself [or more difficult than it need be];[jdm] etw \schwer machen to make sth difficult [for sb];es [jdm] \schwer machen, etw zu tun to make it difficult [for sb] to do sth;jdm das Herz \schwer machen to make sb's heart heavy [or sad];jdm das Leben \schwer machen to make life difficult for sb8) ( hart) severely; -
14 degrad|ować
impf Ⅰ vt 1. (zmniejszać wartość) to undermine, to downgrade; (zmniejszać rangę, poziom) to downgrade, to relegate- rola artysty w społeczeństwie jest degradowana the role of the artist in society is undervalued- takie podejście degraduje człowieka do jednego z wielu gatunków zwierząt such an approach reduces humankind to the level of just another animal species- brak wykształcenia degradował go w jej oczach his lack of education disqualified him in her eyes ⇒ zdegradować2. (pozbawiać stanowiska) to demote [żołnierza]; to downgrade [pracownika]- degradować oficera do stopnia szeregowca to demote an officer to the rank of private ⇒ zdegradować3. książk. (niszczyć) to degrade [środowisko] ⇒ zdegradować Ⅱ degradować się to decline- degradujące się moralnie społeczeństwo a morally degenerate a. corrupt society ⇒ zdegradować sięThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > degrad|ować
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15 понижа
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16 лишать сана или духовного звания
to defrock, to unfrock, to disfrock, to ungownлишать кардинальского сана — to decardinalize, to depose from the rank of cardinal
лишать священнического сана — to unfrock a priest, to deprive of priesthood, to unpriest, to degrade (smb.) from the priesthood
Русско-английский словарь религиозной лексики > лишать сана или духовного звания
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17 понижать
1) to lower, to reduce, to bring down, to drop2) (по службе) to degrade, to demote, to reduce in rank -
18 أنزل درجته أو رتبته إلخ
أنْزَلَ دَرَجَتَهُ أو رُتْبَتَهُ إلخto demote, degrade, disrate, declass, lower or reduce in rank (status, class, etc.) -
19 حط من رتبته أو درجته
حَطّ مِنْ رُتْبَتِهِ أو دَرَجَتِهِto demote, degrade, disrate, declass, lower or reduce in rank or status -
20 redigo
rĕd-ĭgo, ēgi, actum, 3, v. a. [ago].I. A.Lit.:B.(Sol) Disjectos redegit equos,
Lucr. 5, 403:si materiem nostram collegerit aetas Post obitum, rursumque redegerit, ut sita nunc est,
bring it back, restore it to its present condition, id. 3, 848:filia parva duas redigebat rupe capellas,
Ov. F. 4, 511:tauros in gregem,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; cf.:in sua rura boves,
Ov. F. 3, 64:oppidani (hostem) fusum fugatumque in castra redigunt,
Liv. 21, 9:hostium equitatum in castra,
id. 26, 10:turbam ferro in hostes,
id. 37, 43:aliquem Capuam,
id. 26, 12 fin.:aliquem in exsilium,
Just. 9, 4, 7. —Trop.:II.rem ad pristinam belli rationem redegit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.:annum neglegentia conturbatum ad pristinam rationem,
Suet. Aug. 31:disciplinam militarem ad priscos mores,
Liv. 8, 6 fin.: aliquid ad ultimam sui generis formam speciemque, Cic. Or. 3, 10:omnia redegit in singulas rationes praeceptionis,
Auct. Her. 4, 2, 3:aliquem in concordiam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 13:vos in gratiam,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 73:tu, qui ais, redige in memoriam,
recall it to my mind, id. ib. 2, 3, 36:in memoriam,
Cic. Phil. 2, 7, 18; id. Fam. 1, 9, 9:(poëtae) formidine fustis Ad bene dicendum delectandumque redacti,
brought back, reduced, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 155.—Far more freq.,(With the idea of agere predominant; cf. recido and redeo, II.) To get together, call in, collect, raise, receive, take a sum of money or the like by selling, etc.:B.cum omnem pecuniam ex aerario exhausissetis, ex vectigalibus redegissetis, ab omnibus regibus coëgissetis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 36, 98; cf.:pecuniam ex bonis patriis,
id. Phil. 13, 5, 10;and simply pecuniam,
id. Rab. Post. 13, 37; Hor. Epod. 2, 69:omne argentum tibi,
to scrape together, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 23:bona vendit, pecuniam redigit... pecunia, quam ex Agonidis bonis redegisset,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 56; cf. Liv. 5, 16:quod omnis frumenti copia decumarum nomine penes istum esset redacta, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 171:fructus,
Dig. 36, 4, 5, § 22 (after colere agros); 22, 1, 46; cf.:pars maxima (praedae) ad quaestorem redacta est,
Liv. 5, 19:fructus ad eum,
Dig. 10, 2, 51:quicquid captum ex hostibus est, vendidit Fabius, consul, ac redegit in publicum,
paid it into the public treasury, Liv. 2, 42:venditum sub hastā in aerarium,
id. 4, 53:(patres) victi irā vetuere reddi (bona regia), vetuere in publicum redigi,
id. 2, 5, 1; cf.:praedam in fiscum,
Tac. H. 4, 72:aliquid in commune,
Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 6.—To bring or reduce a thing to any condition, circumstance, etc.; to make or render it so and so (cf. reddo); constr. with in (so most freq.), ad, sub, an adv. of place, absol., or with a double acc.(α).With in:(β).viros in servitutem,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 47:Aeduos in servitutem,
Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3:in pristinam sortem servitutis,
Just. 6, 5, 1:vidulum in potestatem alicujus,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 22:civitatem in potestatem,
Caes. B. G. 7, 13 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 24 fin.; 45; Cic. Quint. 55, 152; id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33; Tac. Agr. 18; Vell. 2, 94, 4; cf.:civitatem in dicionem potestatemque populi Romani,
Caes. B. G. 2, 34 fin.:aliquos in dicionem,
Cic. Balb. 10, 25; Liv. 41, 19:gentes in dicionem hujus imperii,
Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 13:Arvernos in provinciam,
to reduce to a province, Caes. B. G. 1, 45; 7, 77 fin.; cf.:partem Britanniae, etc., in formam provinciae,
Tac. Agr. 14; Suet. Caes. 25; id. Aug. 18; id. Tib. 37 fin.; id. Calig. 1; Liv. Epit. 45; 93:in formulam provinciae,
Vell. 2, 38, 1:in formam praefecturae,
id. 2, 44, 4:in id redactus sum loci, Ut, etc.,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 86; cf.:republicā in tranquillum redactā,
Liv. 3, 40; and:mentem in veros timores,
Hor. C. 1, 37, 15:si hoc genus (pecuniarum) in unum redigatur,
be brought into one mass, Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 13:dispositio est, per quam illa, quae invenimus, in ordinem redigimus,
reduce to order, Auct. Her. 3, 9, 16; cf.:arbores in ordinem certaque intervalla,
Quint. 8, 3, 9; but: ut veteres grammatici auctores alios in ordinem redegerint, alios omnino exemerint numero, brought, admitted into the rank of classics (cf. Gr. enkrinein; opp. numero eximere = ekkrinein):libertinos in equestrem ordinem,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 18; Just. 5, 6, 5; Quint. 1, 4, 3;for which: redigere aliquem (poëtam) in numerum,
id. 10, 1, 54;also,
to lower, degrade, Suet. Vesp. 15; v. ordo; cf. Liv. ap. Prisc. 1173 P.; Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5:quod prosa scriptum redigere in quaedam versiculorum genera,
Quint. 9, 4, 52:in hanc consuetudinem memoriā exercitatione redigendā,
id. 11, 2, 45:servos, in dominium nostrum,
Dig. 1, 5, 5:in nihilum redigam te, et non eris,
Vulg. Ezech. 26, 21:in cinerem,
id. 2 Pet. 2, 6: provinciam in solitudinem, Lact. de Ira Dei, 5, 4.—With ad:(γ).aliquem ad inopiam redigere,
to reduce to poverty, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 56:aliquem ad incitas,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 85; id. Trin. 2, 4, 136:genus id ad interitum,
Lucr. 5, 877; Cic. ap. Lact. 7, 11, 5; cf.:prope ad internecionem gente ac nomine Nerviorum redacto,
Caes. B. G. 2, 28:ad nihilum redigere,
Vulg. Psa. 72, 20:victoriam ad vanum et irritum,
to render empty and useless, Liv. 26, 37 fin.: cf.: [p. 1541] spem ad irritum, id. 28, 31:aliquid ante dubium ad certum,
to render certain, id. 44, 15:carnes excrescentes ad aequalitatem,
Plin. 30, 13, 39, § 113 (shortly afterwards reducunt); cf.:cicatrices ad planum,
id. 20, 9, 36, § 93:aliquem ad desperationem,
Suet. Aug. 81; Just. 6, 5, 7 et saep.:redegit se ad pallium et crepidas,
Suet. Tib. 13.—With sub:(δ).Galliam sub populi Romani imperium,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29, 4:Corcyram sub imperium Atheniensium,
Nep. Timoth. 2, 1:barbaros sub jus dicionemque,
Liv. 28, 21:incolas ejus insulae sub potestatem Atheniensium,
Nep. Milt. 1, 4; 2 fin.; id. Paus. 2, 4; id. Pelop. 5:totam Italiam sub se,
id. Flor. 1, 9, 8:GENTES SVB IMPERIVM,
Inscr. Grut. 226.—With adv. of place:(ε).eo redigis me, ut, etc.,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 23:eo, ut,
Flor. 1, 2, 4:hem! Quo redactus sum!
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 7.—Absol.: ut credam, redigunt animum mihi argumenta, Att. ap. Non. 174, 10 (Trag. Rel. v. 516 Rib.): ut ejus animum retundam, redigam, ut, quo se vortat, nesciat, bring it down, so that, etc., Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 73; Lucr. 1, 553.—(ζ).With double acc., to make or render a thing something (very rare;2.more freq. reddere): quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 27 fin.:(Ubios) Suevi multo humiliores infirmioresque redegerunt,
id. ib. 4, 3 fin.; Aus. Mos. 224.—In designations of number, etc., pregn., to bring within a number or extent; to lessen, diminish, reduce:familiam jam ad paucos redactam paene ab interitu vindicasti,
Cic. Marcell. 4, 10; cf.:redigere omnis fere in quadrum numerumque sententias,
id. Or. 61, 208:hosce ipsos (libros octo) utiliter ad sex libros redegit Diophanes,
reduced, abridged, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 10:ex hominum milibus LX. vix ad D.... sese redactos esse dixerunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 28:ad semuncias redacta,
Tac. A. 6, 16:judicia ad duo genera judicum redegit,
Suet. Caes. 41; id. Vesp. 10:non ad numerum redigar duorum,
Ov. M. 6, 199:quod si comminuas vilem redigatur ad assem,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 43:ne res ad nilum redigantur funditus omnes,
Lucr. 1, 791; 2, 752; cf. Ov. M. 14, 149:rem maximam redigere ad minimum,
Lact. 3, 9, 15.
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См. также в других словарях:
degrade — 1 Degrade, demote, reduce, declass, disrate mean to lower in station, rank, or grade. Degrade may be used of any such lowering {babies . . . degrade one to the state of anxious, fawning suppliants for a smile Wallace} {turkeys not in prime… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
degrade — [dē grād′, digrād′] vt. degraded, degrading [ME degraden < OFr degrader < LL degradare, to reduce in rank < L de , down + gradus: see DE & GRADE] 1. to lower in rank or status, as in punishing; demote 2. to lower or corrupt in quality,… … English World dictionary
Degrade — De*grade , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Degraded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Degrading}.] [F. d[ e]grader, LL. degradare, fr. L. de + gradus step, degree. See {Grade}, and cf. {Degree}.] 1. To reduce from a higher to a lower rank or degree; to lower in rank; to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
degrade — late 14c., from O.Fr. degrader (12c.) degrade, deprive (of office, rank, etc.), from des down (see DIS (Cf. dis )) + L. gradus step (see GRADE (Cf. grade)). Related: Degraded; degrading … Etymology dictionary
degrade — ► VERB 1) cause (someone) to suffer a loss of dignity or self respect. 2) lower the character or quality of. 3) archaic reduce to a lower rank. 4) cause to break down or deteriorate chemically. 5) Physics reduce (energy) to a less readily… … English terms dictionary
degrade — [c]/dəˈgreɪd / (say duh grayd) verb (degraded, degrading) –verb (t) 1. to reduce from a higher to a lower rank, degree, etc.; deprive of office, rank, degree, or title as a punishment. 2. to lower in character or quality; debase; deprave. 3. to… …
degrade — verb Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo French degrader, from Late Latin degradare, from Latin de + gradus step, grade more at grade Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. a. to lower in grade, rank, or status ; demote … New Collegiate Dictionary
degrade — degrader, n. /di grayd / or, for 3, /dee grayd /, v., degraded, degrading. v.t. 1. to lower in dignity or estimation; bring into contempt: He felt they were degrading him by making him report to the supervisor. 2. to lower in character or… … Universalium
degrade — v 1. demote, downgrade, lower or reduce in rank, dismiss or remove from office, declass, break or strip of rank, disrate, cashier, Mil. drum out, Mil. Sl. bust, Inf. kick upstairs, disbar, defrock or unfrock; depose, unseat, dethrone, Rare.… … A Note on the Style of the synonym finder
degrade — Synonyms and related words: abase, abash, adulterate, alloy, belittle, boot, bounce, break, bring down, bring into discredit, bring low, bring shame upon, bump, bust, can, canker, cashier, cast down, cast reproach upon, cheapen, coarsen, confound … Moby Thesaurus
degrade — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) v. humiliate, shame, debase, demean; degenerate. See deterioration, disrepute. Ant., elevate, honor. II (Roget s IV) v. 1. [To humble] Syn. demote, discredit, diminish; see humble . 2. [To corrupt] Syn.… … English dictionary for students