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to+complete+approach

  • 41 участок


    part, portion, zone
    - (зонирования ла)zone

    zone no. 310, area - fuselage aft of pressure bulkhead.
    - ("коробочки", захода на посадку по прямоугольному маршруту) (рис. 117) — leg
    - (поверхности)area
    - (траектории полета)(flight path) segment
    - взлетной дистанции, воздушный (вувд) (рис.113) — airborne part of takeoff distanee
    - взлетной дистанции, наземный (нувд) (рис. 113) — groundborne part of takeoff distance
    - воздушный (траектории взлета, посадки) — airborne part (of takeoff, landing path)
    -, второй (чистой траектории начального набора высоты) — second segment
    от точки полной уборки шасси до высоты 400 фт (рис. 114). — from the landing gear retraction complete point to a height of 400 feet.
    - горизонтального разгонаhorizontal acceleration segment
    - графика, ограниченный с 4-x сторон замкнутыми кривыми (рис. 144) — carpet plot the altitude and temperatures are drawn as a carpet plot.
    -, деформированный (детали) — misshapen area
    выправить (отрихтовать) деформированные участки (поверхности). — straighten all misshapen areas.
    - записи (на магнитной ленте)recorded item
    - захода (на посадку) до первого разворота (рис. 117) — upwind leg
    - захода (на посадку) между вторым и третьим разворотами — downwind leg that leg of the landing pattern during which an airplane files downwind.
    - захода (на посадку) между первым и вторым разворотомcrosswind leg
    - захода (на посадку) между третьим и четвертым разворотомbase leg
    -, заштрихованный (графика) — cross-hatched zone
    - земной поверхности, застроенный — cultured areas (on earth surface)
    - земной поверхности, незастроенный — noncultured area
    - изображения (фотоснимка) нерезкийout-of-focus area
    - конечного этапа захода на посадку (после четвертого разворота)final approach
    -, конечный (траектории начального набора высоты) — final takeoff segment
    от точки на высоте выравнивания до высоты 1500 фт. и более, с убранными закрылками и работе двиг. на максимальном продолжительном режиме. — this segment extends from the level-off height to а gross height of 1500 feet or more, with flaps up and maximum continuous thrust.
    - "коробочки" до первого разворота (рис. 117) — upwind leg
    - "коробочки" после второго разворота — downwind leg
    - "коробочки" после первого разворота — crosswind leg
    - "коробочки" после третьего разворота — base leg
    - "коробочки" после четвертого разворота — final approach
    - крыла, по которому разрешено хождение — overwing walkway area
    - маршрута — route segment /leg/
    маршрут или участок маршрута, обычно пролетаемый без промежуточных посадок. — a route or portion of а route usually flown without an intermediate stop.
    - маршрута (между двумя ппм - промежуточными пунктами маршрута) (рис. 124) — navigation leg (between two waypoints)
    - маршрута (при полете по ппм) — navigation /flight/ leg
    - маршрута, запрограммированный (в эвм) — stored navigation leg
    - маршрута, навигационнообеспечиваемый — navigated route leg
    -, маршрута, начальный — initial flight leg
    обычно участок полета по ортодромии от заданного места до первого ппм. — it is а normally great circle route from present position to the first en-route waypoint.
    - маршрута, новый (при полете по ппм) — new navigation leg
    - маршрута, предыдущий — last navigation leg
    - маршрута, следующий (при полете по ппм) — next navigation leg
    - маршрута, текущий (при полете по ппм) — current navigation /route/ leg
    - (зона планера, систем, двигатепей ла), могущий повлиять на безопасность эксппуатации ла. — problem area frequent maintenance visits allow early detection of problem areas in airframe, systems artd engines.
    - (начального) набора высоты (1-й-4-й) (рис.114) — takeoff flight path segment (first-fourth)
    - неба (небесной сферы) — sky region, portion of sky

    a telescope examines a sky region.
    -, первый (чистой траектории начального набора высоты) — first segment
    от точки на высоте 35 фт. до точки полной уборки шасси, начатой через 3 сек. после отрыва самолета при взлете. — from the 35 feet height point to the point at which the landing gear is fully retracted, retraction of the landing gear having been initiated 3 seconds after lift-off.
    - поверхностиsurface area
    - поверхности ла, по которому разрешено хождение — walkway area
    - посадочной дистанции, воздушный (рис. 116) — airborne part of landing distance
    - посадочной дистанции, наземный — groundbcrne part of landing distance
    -, последующий (траектории) — remaining segment
    - предпосадочного маневраintermediate approach pattern leg
    -, предшествующий (траектории) — preceding segment
    -, пятый (чистой траектории начального набора высоты) — fifth segment
    участок обычно заканчивается на высоте 1500 фт. но может быть продолжен до большей высоты при наличии препятствий. самолет находится в полетной конфигурации. — the segment normally ends at 1500 feet, but may be continued to а greater height should obstacle clearance make this necessary. the aircraft is in the en-route configuration.
    -, рабочий (рабочее место в цехе, мастерской) — workplace (in shop)
    - разгонаacceleration segment
    полет на участке разгона производится без набора высоты. — in acceleration segment there is no gain in height.
    - траектории (полета)flight path segment
    - траектории взлета, воздушный — airborne part of the takeoff path
    наклон воздушного участка траектории взлета должен быть положительным в каждой точке. — the slope of the airborne part of the takeoff path must be positive at each point.
    - траектории начального набора высотыtakeoff path segment
    определения участков по нлгс-2, bcar и циркуляру икао не совпадают. определения участков (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) даются пo циркуляру икао. (рис. 112, 114). — the takeoff path segments must be clearly defined and must be related to the distinct changes in configuration, power or thrust and speed.
    -, третий (чистой траектории начального набора высоты) — third segment from thе point at а height of 400 feet to the point reached when the time elapsed from the start of takeoff is that given in the graph illustrating fime at start of acceleration segment.
    - цепи (эл.) — circuit portion
    -, четвертый (чистой траектории набора высоты) — fourth segment
    от конца третьего участка до точки, достигаемой при собпюдении ниже указанных требований. пo истечении указанного времени (время в начале участка разгона) самолет разгоняется в горизонтальном полете при работе двиг. на макс. взлетном режиме. по достижении скорости начала уборки закрылков начинается уборка закрылков. разгон в горизонтальном полете продолжается до полной уборки закрылков и достижения скорости набора высоты с убранными закрылками (при одном неработающем двигателе), и в данной точке двигатели переводятся на макс. продолжительный режим. — from the end of the third segment to the point reached by following the procedure described hereafter. when the specified time (time at start of acceleration segment) has elapsed, the aeroplane is accelerated in levef flight using maximum take-off power. when speed has reached the flap retraction initiation speed flaps are selected to up. the acceleration in level flight is continued until the flaps are fully retracted and the speed has increased to the appropriate flaps up climb speed (one engine inoperative) at which point power is reduced to maximum continuous.
    - чистой траектории начального набора высотыnet takeoff flight path segment
    - шкалы, градуированный — graduated band of scale
    - шкалы (прибора), окрашенный в зеленый цвет (индикация измеряемой величины в пределах нормы) — green band (of indicator scale) the tgt is stabilized in green band of the tgt indicator.
    - шкалы (прибора), окрашенный в красный цвет (индикация измеряемой величины выше нормы) — red band (of indicator scale) at tgt overtemperature the tgt indicator pointer is in red band.
    - шкалы, оцифрованный — scale band marked with figures
    -, штилевой (поверхности моря) — smooth sea state area
    в начале участкаat start of segment
    в конце участкаat end of segment
    на у. (траектории) — in segment
    начало у. (траектории) — start of segment
    изменять (переключать) у. — change leg /route, track/
    маршрута (автоматически или вручную) — (automatically or manually)

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > участок

  • 42 разворот

    разворот сущ
    bank
    второй разворот
    turn on downwind leg
    входить в разворот
    1. initiate the turn
    2. enter the turn 3. roll into the turn выполнил второй разворот
    on the down-wind leg
    выполнил первый разворот
    on the cross-wind leg
    выполнил третий разворот
    on the base leg
    выполнил четвертый разворот
    on the final leg
    выполнять второй разворот
    turn on downwind leg
    выполнять левый разворот
    turn to port
    выполнять первый разворот
    turn on crosswind leg
    выполнять правый разворот
    turn to starboard
    выполнять разворот
    1. make a turn
    2. execute the turn выполнять третий разворот
    turn on base leg
    выполнять четвертый разворот
    turn on final
    высота разворота на посадочную прямую
    final approach altitude
    выход из разворота
    recovery from the turn
    выходить из разворота
    1. recover from the turn
    2. roll out of the turn выходить на курс с левым разворотом
    roll left on the heading
    выходить на курс с правым разворотом
    roll right on the heading
    горизонтальный разворот
    level turn
    давать разрешение на левый разворот
    clear for the left-hand turn
    дистанция линейного упреждения разворота
    turn lead distance
    доклад о развороте на обратный курс
    turnaround report
    завершать разворот
    complete the turn
    затягивать разворот
    delay the turn
    заход на посадку с левым разворотом
    left-hand approach
    заход на посадку с правым разворотом
    right-hand approach
    зона разворота на обратный курс
    turnaround area
    левый разворот
    left-hand turn
    линия пути по схеме с двумя спаренными разворотами
    race track
    линия разворота
    turning line
    маневр разворота на посадочный курс
    circle-to-land manoeuvre
    направление разворота
    direction of turn
    первый разворот
    turn on crosswind leg
    плоский разворот
    flat turn
    подхожу к четвертому с левым разворотом
    on the left base leg
    полет на участке между третьим и четвертым разворотами
    base leg operation
    пологий разворот
    1. overshoot turn
    2. gentle turn 3. wide turn предельный угол разворота
    stop angle
    преждевременный разворот
    undershoot turn
    разворот без крена
    wings-level turn
    разворот без скольжения
    true-banked turn
    разворот воздушного судна
    aircraft pivoting
    разворот в процессе планирования
    gliding turn
    разворот в режиме висения
    hovering turn
    разворот в сторону приближения
    inbound turn
    разворот в сторону удаления
    outbound turn
    разворот на курс полета
    joining turn
    разворот на обратный курс
    reverse turn
    разворот на посадку
    landing turn
    разворот на посадочную площадку
    base turn
    разворот на посадочную прямую
    1. turn to final
    2. final turn разворот на посадочный курс
    teardrop turn
    разворот по приборам
    instrument turn
    разворот по стандартной схеме
    standard rate turn
    разворот по установленной схеме
    procedure turn
    разворот против ветра
    upwind turn
    разворот с внутренним скольжением
    slipping turn
    разворот с креном
    banked turn
    разворот с креном к центру разворота
    inside turn
    разворот с креном от центра разворота
    outside turn
    разворот с набором высоты
    climbing turn
    разворот с наружным скольжением
    skidding turn
    разворот со снижением
    descending turn
    разворот с помощью элеронов
    bank with ailerons
    разворот с упреждением
    lead-type turn
    разворот с целью опознавания
    identifying turn
    резкий разворот на земле
    ground loop
    рубеж разворота
    1. point of turn-around
    2. turning point ручка управления разворотом
    1. steering lever
    2. turn control knob система обратной связи управления разворотом колес передней опоры шасси
    nosewheel steering follow-up system
    скорость разворота
    rate of turn
    скорость установившегося разворота
    sustained turn rate
    схема разворота на посадочный круг
    base turn procedure
    третий разворот
    turn on base leg
    трос обратной связи разворота
    steering feedback cable
    угол разворота
    1. steering angle
    2. angle of turn угол разворота колеса
    wheel steering angle
    угол упреждения при развороте
    turn lead angle
    указатель скорости разворота
    rate-of-turn indicator
    уменьшать радиус разворота
    tighten the turn
    упреждение разворота
    turn lead
    установившийся разворот
    1. steady turn
    2. sustained turn устройство разворота в нейтральное положение
    self-centering device
    участок захода на посадку до первого разворота
    upwind leg
    участок маршрута между вторым и третьим разворотами
    down-wind leg
    участок маршрута между первым и вторым разворотами
    cross-wind leg
    участок маршрута между третьим и четвертым разворотами
    base leg
    участок разворота на ВПП
    runway turning bay
    характеристики на разворотах
    turn characteristics
    цилиндр разворота переднего колеса
    nosewheel steering cylinder
    четвертый разворот
    turn on final
    шаблон схемы разворота на посадочный курс
    base turn template
    шаблон схемы стандартного разворота
    procedure turn template
    шарнир разворота колеса шасси
    castoring hinge

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > разворот

  • 43 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

  • 44 afinar

    v.
    afinar la voz to sing in tune
    Elsa afina su piano Elsa tunes her piano.
    2 to fine-tune.
    afinar la puntería to improve one's aim
    3 to refine.
    La refinería afina el aceite The refinery refines the oil.
    4 to sing in tune.
    5 to work out, to iron out.
    Ricardo afinó la propuesta Richard works out the proposal.
    6 to attune.
    La privación afina los sentidos Privation attunes the senses
    7 to enhance.
    El maquillaje afina la belleza natural Makeup enhances natural beauty.
    * * *
    1 to perfect, polish
    2 MÚSICA to tune
    3 (puntería) to sharpen
    4 (metales) to purify, refine
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (Mús) to tune
    2) (Aut) to tune up
    3) (=perfeccionar) to put the finishing touch to, complete; (=pulir) to polish; (Téc) to purify, refine; [+ puntería] to sharpen, make more precise
    2.
    VI to sing in tune, play in tune
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < instrumento> to tune
    b) < coche> to tune up; < motor> to tune
    2) < punta> to sharpen
    2.
    afinarse v pron to become thinner
    * * *
    = refine, tune, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.
    Ex. The flush of success with AACR1 gave the code compilers and cataloguers the confidence to criticise the new code with the object of further refining it.
    Ex. Just as delivery must be tuned to suit the kind of material chosen, so must the language used to tell a story.
    Ex. libraries are moving beyond their traditional job as book repository and branching into electronic networks, while still honing their traditional roles as educators and guides.
    Ex. These statistics have been used to fine tune the system and improve response time = Se han usado estos resultados estadísticos para ajustar el funcionamiento del sistema y mejorar el tiempo de respuesta.
    Ex. The author recommends a system architecture approach to data base security which is more likely to bring simplicity, isolatability and flexibility to overall system solutions than will ad hoc attempts to tune-up individual parts.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < instrumento> to tune
    b) < coche> to tune up; < motor> to tune
    2) < punta> to sharpen
    2.
    afinarse v pron to become thinner
    * * *
    = refine, tune, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.

    Ex: The flush of success with AACR1 gave the code compilers and cataloguers the confidence to criticise the new code with the object of further refining it.

    Ex: Just as delivery must be tuned to suit the kind of material chosen, so must the language used to tell a story.
    Ex: libraries are moving beyond their traditional job as book repository and branching into electronic networks, while still honing their traditional roles as educators and guides.
    Ex: These statistics have been used to fine tune the system and improve response time = Se han usado estos resultados estadísticos para ajustar el funcionamiento del sistema y mejorar el tiempo de respuesta.
    Ex: The author recommends a system architecture approach to data base security which is more likely to bring simplicity, isolatability and flexibility to overall system solutions than will ad hoc attempts to tune-up individual parts.

    * * *
    afinar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹instrumento› to tune
    2 ‹coche› to tune up; ‹motor› to tune
    3 ‹concepto/definición› to perfect, refine, hone
    B ‹punta› to sharpen
    ■ afinar
    vi
    A
    1 (cantar, tocar en el tono debido) «cantante» to sing in tune; «músico» to play in tune
    B (estar alerta) to be/keep on one's toes
    to become thinner
    * * *

    afinar ( conjugate afinar) verbo transitivo
    1

    b) coche to tune up;

    motor to tune
    2 punta to sharpen
    afinar verbo transitivo
    1 (la puntería) to sharpen
    2 (un instrumento) to tune
    ' afinar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aguzar
    - diapasón
    - puntería
    English:
    attune
    - tune
    - tune up
    - hone
    * * *
    vt
    1. [instrumento] to tune;
    afinar la voz to sing in tune
    2. [perfeccionar, mejorar] to fine-tune;
    afinar la puntería to improve one's aim
    3. [pulir] to refine
    vi
    [cantar] to sing in tune
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 MÚS tune; fig
    fine-tune
    2 punta sharpen
    II v/i play in tune
    * * *
    afinar vt
    1) : to perfect, to refine
    2) : to tune (an instrument)
    afinar vi
    : to sing or play in tune
    * * *
    afinar vb (instrumento) to tune

    Spanish-English dictionary > afinar

  • 45 desconocido

    adj.
    1 unknown, anonymous, unfamiliar, obscure.
    2 undiscovered, strange, uncharted.
    f. & m.
    stranger, unidentified individual, unknown individual.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: desconocer.
    * * *
    1→ link=desconocer desconocer
    1 (no conocido) unknown
    2 (no reconocido) unrecognized
    3 (extraño) strange, unfamiliar
    nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 stranger, unknown person
    1 the unknown
    \
    estar desconocido,-a to be unrecognizable
    * * *
    1. (f. - desconocida)
    noun
    2. (f. - desconocida)
    adj.
    * * *
    desconocido, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) [gen] unknown
    2)

    estar desconocido: con ese traje estás desconocido — I'd hardly recognize you o you're unrecognizable in that suit

    después del divorcio está desconocidohe's a changed person o he's like a different person since the divorce

    2.
    SM / F stranger
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    a) <hecho/método/sensación> unknown
    b) <artista/atleta> unknown
    c) < persona> ( extraño)
    d) (fam) ( irreconocible)

    ahora hasta plancha, está desconocido — he's like a different man, he even does the ironing

    II
    - da masculino, femenino
    a) ( no conocido) stranger
    * * *
    = stranger, unfamiliar, unheard of, unidentified, unknown, unrecognised [unrecognized, -USA], outsider, uncharted, unchartered, unheard, unnoticed, unnoted, nomen nescio [N.N.].
    Ex. Many Americans viewed this influx of strangers with alarm.
    Ex. We are used to background noise in air conditioned buildings but the introduction of additional and unfamiliar sounds from AV equipment may be disturbing.
    Ex. Hypermedia offers unheard of opportunities to gain insight into the way young people perceive, process and use information.
    Ex. Names of speakers from the audience which were not clear from the tapes are listed as ' unidentified'.
    Ex. Works with unknown or uncertain personal authorship, or works emanating from a body that lacks a name are to be entered under title.
    Ex. It is undeniable that the ripest crop of unrecognised great inventors, long-lost heirs to dormant peerages, and assorted harmless drudges is to be gathered in the great general libraries of our major cities.
    Ex. The library director does not want to take the chance that by allowing the trustees to get active he might lose partial control of the library operation to an 'outsider'.
    Ex. News of boundless timber reserves spread, and before long lumberjacks from the thinning hardwood forests of New England swarmed into the uncharted area with no other possessions than their axes and brawn and the clothing they wore.
    Ex. This author agrees that the facts listed above are unchartered.
    Ex. As professionals are informed about the often unspoken and unheard stories relating to hearing loss, they can then serve with greater knowledge, empathy, and hope.
    Ex. By retrieving and bringing together these two literatures, that implicit unstated, and perhaps unnoticed hypothesis becomes apparent.
    Ex. This approach draws attention to hitherto unnoted relationships among concepts.
    Ex. Nomen nescio, abbreviated to N.N., is used to signify an anonymous or non-specific person.
    ----
    * algo desconocido = virgin territory.
    * de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.
    * desconocido, lo = unfamiliar, the, unknown, the.
    * Dimensión Desconocida = The Twilight Zone.
    * hablar en lengua desconocida = talk in + tongues.
    * líquido desconocido = foreign substance.
    * miedo a lo desconocido = fear of the unknown.
    * miedo hacia lo desconocido = fear of the unknown.
    * moverse en terreno desconocido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head.
    * pisar terreno desconocido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head.
    * producto desconocido = foreign substance.
    * salto hacia lo desconocido = leap into + the unknown.
    * ser desconocido para = be alien to.
    * ser un desconocido = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.
    * sustancia desconocida = foreign substance.
    * terreno desconocido = unchartered territory, unchartered waters.
    * territorio desconocido = unfamiliar territory, unchartered territory, unchartered waters.
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    a) <hecho/método/sensación> unknown
    b) <artista/atleta> unknown
    c) < persona> ( extraño)
    d) (fam) ( irreconocible)

    ahora hasta plancha, está desconocido — he's like a different man, he even does the ironing

    II
    - da masculino, femenino
    a) ( no conocido) stranger
    * * *
    = stranger, unfamiliar, unheard of, unidentified, unknown, unrecognised [unrecognized, -USA], outsider, uncharted, unchartered, unheard, unnoticed, unnoted, nomen nescio [N.N.].

    Ex: Many Americans viewed this influx of strangers with alarm.

    Ex: We are used to background noise in air conditioned buildings but the introduction of additional and unfamiliar sounds from AV equipment may be disturbing.
    Ex: Hypermedia offers unheard of opportunities to gain insight into the way young people perceive, process and use information.
    Ex: Names of speakers from the audience which were not clear from the tapes are listed as ' unidentified'.
    Ex: Works with unknown or uncertain personal authorship, or works emanating from a body that lacks a name are to be entered under title.
    Ex: It is undeniable that the ripest crop of unrecognised great inventors, long-lost heirs to dormant peerages, and assorted harmless drudges is to be gathered in the great general libraries of our major cities.
    Ex: The library director does not want to take the chance that by allowing the trustees to get active he might lose partial control of the library operation to an 'outsider'.
    Ex: News of boundless timber reserves spread, and before long lumberjacks from the thinning hardwood forests of New England swarmed into the uncharted area with no other possessions than their axes and brawn and the clothing they wore.
    Ex: This author agrees that the facts listed above are unchartered.
    Ex: As professionals are informed about the often unspoken and unheard stories relating to hearing loss, they can then serve with greater knowledge, empathy, and hope.
    Ex: By retrieving and bringing together these two literatures, that implicit unstated, and perhaps unnoticed hypothesis becomes apparent.
    Ex: This approach draws attention to hitherto unnoted relationships among concepts.
    Ex: Nomen nescio, abbreviated to N.N., is used to signify an anonymous or non-specific person.
    * algo desconocido = virgin territory.
    * de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.
    * desconocido, lo = unfamiliar, the, unknown, the.
    * Dimensión Desconocida = The Twilight Zone.
    * hablar en lengua desconocida = talk in + tongues.
    * líquido desconocido = foreign substance.
    * miedo a lo desconocido = fear of the unknown.
    * miedo hacia lo desconocido = fear of the unknown.
    * moverse en terreno desconocido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head.
    * pisar terreno desconocido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head.
    * producto desconocido = foreign substance.
    * salto hacia lo desconocido = leap into + the unknown.
    * ser desconocido para = be alien to.
    * ser un desconocido = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.
    * sustancia desconocida = foreign substance.
    * terreno desconocido = unchartered territory, unchartered waters.
    * territorio desconocido = unfamiliar territory, unchartered territory, unchartered waters.

    * * *
    1 ‹razón/hecho› unknown; ‹métodos/sensación› unknown
    por razones desconocidas vendió todo y se fue for some unknown reason he sold up and left
    partió con destino desconocido she set off for an unknown destination
    su rostro no me era del todo desconocido his face wasn't wholly unfamiliar to me
    una sensación de terror hasta entonces desconocida a feeling of terror the like of which I/he had never experienced before
    técnicas hasta ahora desconocidas hitherto unknown techniques
    su obra es prácticamente desconocida en Europa her work is practically unknown in Europe
    de origen desconocido of unknown origin
    lo desconocido siempre lo ha intrigado he has always been fascinated by the unknown
    2 ‹artista/atleta› unknown
    3 ‹persona›
    (extraño): una persona desconocida a stranger
    4 ( fam)
    (irreconocible): con ese peinado nuevo está desconocida she's unrecognizable o totally changed with her new hairstyle
    ahora hasta plancha, está desconocido he's like a different man o he's a changed person, he even does the ironing
    masculine, feminine
    1 (no conocido) stranger
    no hables con desconocidos don't talk to strangers
    2
    (no identificado): fue atacado por unos desconocidos he was attacked by unknown assailants
    un desconocido le asestó una puñalada he was stabbed by an unidentified person o by someone whose identity has not been established
    * * *

     

    Del verbo desconocer: ( conjugate desconocer)

    desconocido es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    desconocer    
    desconocido
    desconocer ( conjugate desconocer) verbo transitivo
    a) ( no conocer):


    desconocía este hecho I was unaware of this fact


    desconocido
    ◊ -da adjetivo ( en general) unknown;

    un cantante desconocido an unknown singer;
    una persona desconocida a stranger
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino ( no conocido) stranger
    desconocer verbo transitivo
    1 (no saber) not to know, to be unaware of
    2 (no reconocer, encontrar muy cambiado) to fail to recognize: ¿tú maquillada?, te desconozco, you with make up?, I can hardly recognize you
    desconocido,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 unknown
    una voz desconocida, an unfamiliar voice
    2 (irreconocible) unrecognizable: estás desconocida, you have changed a lot
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino stranger
    III sustantivo masculino lo desconocido, the unknown

    ' desconocido' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    anónima
    - anónimo
    - desconocida
    - incierta
    - incierto
    - inédita
    - inédito
    - paradero
    - extraño
    - miedo
    - perfecto
    English:
    mate
    - obscure
    - strange
    - stranger
    - undiscovered
    - unfamiliar
    - unknown
    - blind
    - outsider
    - perfect
    * * *
    desconocido, -a
    adj
    1. [no conocido] unknown;
    su cine es del todo desconocido en Europa his movies are totally unknown in Europe;
    elementos químicos entonces desconocidos chemical elements then unknown;
    una enfermedad hasta ahora desconocida a hitherto unknown illness;
    por causas todavía desconocidas for reasons as yet unknown o which are still unknown;
    nació en 1821, de padre desconocido he was born in 1821, and it is not known who his father was;
    el mundo de lo desconocido the world of the unknown;
    2. [extraño]
    no dé su teléfono o dirección a personas desconocidas don't give your telephone number or address to strangers
    3. [sin fama] unknown;
    escritores jóvenes, casi desconocidos young, almost unknown, writers
    4. [muy cambiado]
    estar desconocido to have changed beyond all recognition;
    ¿ya no fumas ni bebes? ¡chico, estás desconocido! you don't smoke or drink any more? well, well, you're a changed man!;
    el viejo bar estaba desconocido the old bar was unrecognizable;
    así, sin gafas, estás desconocido like that, with no glasses, you're unrecognizable
    nm,f
    1. [extraño] stranger;
    hablar con un desconocido to talk to a stranger;
    no le abras la puerta a desconocidos don't open the door to strangers
    2. [persona sin fama] unknown;
    le dieron el premio a un (perfecto) desconocido they gave the prize to a complete unknown
    3. [persona sin identificar] unidentified person;
    un desconocido le disparó un tiro en la cabeza he was shot in the head by an unknown assailant;
    tres desconocidos prendieron fuego a varias tiendas several shops were set on fire by three unidentified persons
    * * *
    I adj unknown
    II m, desconocida f stranger
    * * *
    desconocido, -da adj
    : unknown, unfamiliar
    desconocido, -da n
    extraño: stranger
    * * *
    1. (no conocido) unknown
    2. (extraño) strange / unfamiliar
    desconocido2 n stranger

    Spanish-English dictionary > desconocido

  • 46 edificio

    m.
    building.
    edificio inteligente intelligent building
    * * *
    1 building
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Arquit) building, edifice frm

    edificio de apartamentos — block of flats, apartment building o house (EEUU)

    edificio inteligente — smart building, intelligent building

    2) [moral] edification
    * * *
    masculino building
    * * *
    = building, edifice.
    Ex. Some libraries find that it is difficult to convey all the necessary information in a simple manner, merely because the collection is large, or housed in various separate buildings and wings, and the shelving sequence is complex.
    Ex. This paper highlights problems with a virtual approach, emphasising the need for libraries to both an edifice and an interface.
    ----
    * ala de edificio = wing.
    * almacenar en un edificio anexo = outhouse.
    * biblioteca como edificio = library building.
    * caparazón del edificio = building shell.
    * construcción de edificios = building construction.
    * construir un edificio = construct + building.
    * con varios edificios = multi-site [multisite].
    * desprendimientos de edificios = falling debris.
    * diseño de edificios = building design.
    * edificio alto = high-rise building.
    * edificio anexo = outbuilding.
    * edificio central = main site.
    * edificio civil = civic building.
    * edificio comercial = commercial building.
    * edificio construido según un plan cúbico = deep building.
    * edificio de apartamentos = apartment building, apartment complex.
    * edificio de oficinas = office building, office block.
    * edificio de pisos = condominium building.
    * edificio de valor histórico = heritage-listed building.
    * edificio en forma de cubo = cubic building.
    * edificio histórico = historic building, historical building.
    * edificio lineal = linear building.
    * edificio municipal = municipal building.
    * edificio protegido = listed building, heritage building, heritage-listed building.
    * edificio público = municipal building, public building.
    * edificios = bricks and mortar.
    * enseñar un edificio a Alguien = show + Nombre + round.
    * en todo el edificio = site-wide.
    * estructura del edificio = building shell.
    * evacuar un edificio = clear + building.
    * horizonte dibujado por los edificios = skyline.
    * horizonte dibujado por un edificio = roofline.
    * método de evaluación de un edificio en uso = post-occupancy evaluation method.
    * temperatura ambiental del edificio = room temperature.
    * * *
    masculino building
    * * *
    = building, edifice.

    Ex: Some libraries find that it is difficult to convey all the necessary information in a simple manner, merely because the collection is large, or housed in various separate buildings and wings, and the shelving sequence is complex.

    Ex: This paper highlights problems with a virtual approach, emphasising the need for libraries to both an edifice and an interface.
    * ala de edificio = wing.
    * almacenar en un edificio anexo = outhouse.
    * biblioteca como edificio = library building.
    * caparazón del edificio = building shell.
    * construcción de edificios = building construction.
    * construir un edificio = construct + building.
    * con varios edificios = multi-site [multisite].
    * desprendimientos de edificios = falling debris.
    * diseño de edificios = building design.
    * edificio alto = high-rise building.
    * edificio anexo = outbuilding.
    * edificio central = main site.
    * edificio civil = civic building.
    * edificio comercial = commercial building.
    * edificio construido según un plan cúbico = deep building.
    * edificio de apartamentos = apartment building, apartment complex.
    * edificio de oficinas = office building, office block.
    * edificio de pisos = condominium building.
    * edificio de valor histórico = heritage-listed building.
    * edificio en forma de cubo = cubic building.
    * edificio histórico = historic building, historical building.
    * edificio lineal = linear building.
    * edificio municipal = municipal building.
    * edificio protegido = listed building, heritage building, heritage-listed building.
    * edificio público = municipal building, public building.
    * edificios = bricks and mortar.
    * enseñar un edificio a Alguien = show + Nombre + round.
    * en todo el edificio = site-wide.
    * estructura del edificio = building shell.
    * evacuar un edificio = clear + building.
    * horizonte dibujado por los edificios = skyline.
    * horizonte dibujado por un edificio = roofline.
    * método de evaluación de un edificio en uso = post-occupancy evaluation method.
    * temperatura ambiental del edificio = room temperature.

    * * *
    building
    * * *

     

    edificio sustantivo masculino
    building
    edificio sustantivo masculino building
    ' edificio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abajo
    - alta
    - alto
    - ampliar
    - archivo
    - ayuntamiento
    - baja
    - bajo
    - bloque
    - cacicada
    - casa
    - cimentar
    - conserje
    - construcción
    - correo
    - cuerpo
    - dentro
    - derribar
    - derrumbamiento
    - desalojar
    - deterioro
    - echar
    - efectuarse
    - estructura
    - extensión
    - frontal
    - habilitar
    - inclinación
    - pabellón
    - piso
    - plana
    - plano
    - planta
    - portera
    - portería
    - portero
    - proyectar
    - puerta
    - reconstruir
    - reforma
    - reformar
    - rehabilitar
    - rehabilitación
    - remate
    - renovar
    - renovación
    - repartir
    - replantear
    - restaurar
    - ruinosa
    English:
    accommodate
    - acoustic
    - adjacent
    - alteration
    - annexe
    - as
    - backroom
    - block
    - blow up
    - bright
    - build on
    - building
    - bulldoze
    - burn
    - burning
    - cast
    - centre
    - clear
    - clearance
    - collapse
    - come down
    - commit
    - complete
    - decay
    - demolish
    - derelict
    - dilapidated
    - doorman
    - drainage
    - dynamite
    - emphasize
    - erection
    - exit
    - exposure
    - face
    - fall down
    - fire
    - fitting
    - fixture
    - floor
    - frame
    - go up
    - grand
    - guard
    - gym
    - high
    - high-rise
    - honeycomb
    - intentionally
    - knock down
    * * *
    building;
    un edificio de oficinas an office building
    edificio inteligente intelligent o smart building
    * * *
    m building
    * * *
    : building, edifice
    * * *
    edificio n building

    Spanish-English dictionary > edificio

  • 47 अरिष्ट _ariṣṭa

    अरिष्ट a.
    1 Unhurt; perfect, complete; imperishable, undecaying, secure, safe; अरिष्टं गज्छ पन्थानम् Rām.1.24. 3; अरिष्टं मार्गमातिष्ठत् पुण्यं वा तु निषेवितम् Rām.
    -2 Auspicious, अक्षताभ्यामरिष्टाभ्यां हतः कर्णो महारथः Mb.8.66.2.
    -3 unauspicious; अरिष्टमैन्द्रं निशितम् Rām.6.67.164.
    -ष्टः 1 A heron (कङ्क).
    -2 A raven, crow.
    -3 An enemy; अरिष्टस्त्वाष्ट्रस्य Mv.4.18.
    -4 N. of various plants:-- (a) the soap-berry tree (Mar. रिठा); कुतपानामरिष्टकैः (शुद्धिः) Ms. 5.12. (b) another plant (Mar. निंब) Rām.2.94.9. Bhāg.8.2.12.
    -5 Garlic.
    -6 A distilled mixture.
    -7 N. of a demon killed by Kṛiṣṇa; a son of Bali.
    -ष्टा 1 A bandage.
    -2 N. of a medical plant (कटुका).
    -3 N. of a daughter of Dakṣa and one of the wives of Kaśyapa, and mother of महाश्वेता.
    -ष्टम् 1 Bad or ill luck, evil, misfortune, calamity.
    -2 A portentous phenomenon foreboding misfortune, unlucky omen (such as earth-quake).
    -3 Unfavourable symptom, especially of approaching death; रोगिणो मरणं यस्मादवश्यं भावि लभ्यते । तल्लक्षणमरिष्टं स्याद्रिष्टमप्यमिधीयते ॥ cf. also Pātañjala Yogadarśana 3.22.
    -4 Good fortune or luck, happiness.
    -5 The lying-in-chamber, delivery-room, women's apartments; कर्मारारिष्टशालासु ज्वलेदग्निः सुरक्षितः Mb.12.69.49; (अन्तःपुरम्); अपस्नात इवारिष्ठं प्रविवेश गृहोत्तमम् Rām.
    -6 Butter-milk.
    -7 Spirituous liquor; ग्लानिच्छेदी क्षुत्प्रबोधाय पीत्वा रक्तारिष्टम् Śi. 18.77. cf.... अरिष्टं सूतिकागृहे । अशुभे निम्बवृक्षे च शुभे तक्राङ्कयोः पुमान् । काके च फेनिले नीचे व्यसने$नर्थलम्बयोः । भग्यहीने... Nm.
    -Comp. -असु a. Ved. having one's life unhurt. अरिष्टासु सचेवहि बृहते वाजसातये Av.14.2.72.
    -गातु a. Ved. dwelling securely चा$रिष्टगातुः स होता सहोभरिः Rv.5.44.3.
    -गृहम the lying-in-chamber.
    -ग्राम a. Ved. of undivided group, having a complete troop; अरिष्टग्रामाः सुमतिं पिपर्तन Rv.1.166.6.
    -ताति a. Ved. making fortune or happy, auspicious. (
    -तिः f.) safeness, security, succession of good fortune, continuous happiness (अरिष्टं करोतीति ˚तातिः; अरिष्टस्य भावो वा शिवशमरिष्टस्य करे P.IV.4.143-4 Sk.); तदत्रभवता निष्पन्नाशिषां काममरिष्टतातिमाशास्महे Mv. 1.
    -दुष्टधी a. apprehensive of death, alarmed at the approach of death.
    -नेमिः N. of the 22nd तीर्थंकर of the Jainas; N. of the brother of Garuḍa.
    -पुरम् N. of a place; cf. अरिष्टाश्रितपुरम् P. VI.2.1.
    -भर्मन् a. granting security; देवेभिर्देव्यदिते$- रिष्टभर्मन्ना गहि Rv.8.18.4.
    -मथनः N. of Śiva or Viṣṇu.
    -शय्या a lying in couch; अरिष्टशय्यां परितो विसारिणा R. 3.15.
    -सूदनः, -हन् m. killer of Ariṣṭa, epithet of Viṣṇu.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अरिष्ट _ariṣṭa

  • 48 liberté

    liberté [libεʀte]
    1. feminine noun
       a. freedom
    mise en liberté [de prisonnier] release
    être/remettre en liberté to be/set free
    liberté, égalité, fraternité liberty, equality, fraternity
       b. ( = loisir) moments de liberté free moments
       c. ( = absence de contrainte) liberté de langage freedom of language
    * * *
    libɛʀte
    1) (condition, état) freedom [U]

    liberté, égalité, fraternité — Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

    2) ( latitude) freedom [U]
    3) ( hardiesse) freedom
    4) ( droit) freedom

    liberté de pensée/d'expression — freedom of thought/of expression

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    libɛʀte
    1. nf

    mettre en liberté [personne, animal] — to set free, [prisonnier] to release

    Il a été mis en liberté au bout d'un an de prison. — He was released after a year in prison.

    2) (= latitude) freedom
    2. libertés nfpl
    (= privautés) liberties
    * * *
    1 (condition, état) freedom ¢; choisir la liberté to choose freedom; recouvrer la liberté to regain one's freedom; amour de la liberté love of freedom; vive la liberté! long live freedom!; lutter pour la liberté to fight for freedom; Statue de la liberté Statue of Liberty; liberté, égalité, fraternité Liberty, Equality, Fraternity; élever des animaux en liberté to raise animals in a natural habitat; espèce vivant en liberté species living wild; être en liberté to be free; l'assassin est toujours en liberté the killer is still at large;
    2 ( latitude) freedom ¢; peu de/trop de liberté little/too much freedom; en toute liberté with complete freedom; liberté d'action/de mouvement/de choix freedom of action/of movement/of choice; donner à qn la liberté de faire to give sb freedom to do; avoir sa liberté to be free; avoir toute liberté pour faire to be quite free to do; n'avoir aucune liberté de manœuvre to have no room for manoeuvre GB ou maneuver US; ne pas avoir une grande liberté de choix not to have much choice;
    3 ( hardiesse) freedom; liberté de ton outspokenness; une liberté qui frise l'impertinence outspokenness bordering on impertinence; liberté d'esprit independence of mind; s'exprimer avec une étonnante liberté to be remarkably outspoken; prendre la liberté de faire to take the liberty of doing; prendre des libertés avec qn/qch to take liberties with sb/sth;
    4 ( droit) freedom; liberté de pensée/d'expression/d'opinion/de parole freedom of thought/of expression/of opinion/of speech; libertés individuelles/fondamentales individual/fundamental liberties; porter atteinte aux libertés to undermine civil liberties.
    liberté d'association Jur, Pol freedom of association; liberté civile Jur civil liberty; liberté conditionnelle Jur parole; mettre qn en liberté conditionnelle Jur to release sb on parole; liberté de conscience Pol freedom of conscience; liberté de l'enseignement Jur freedom of choice in education; liberté d'installation Jur, UE freedom of establishment; liberté de la presse Pol freedom of the press; liberté des prix Comm, Jur free prices (pl); liberté provisoire Jur provisional release (pending trial); en liberté provisoire provisionally released; mettre en liberté provisoire to release provisionally; mise en liberté provisoire provisional release; liberté surveillée Jur probation; en liberté surveillée on probation; mise en liberté surveillée release on probation; mettre en liberté surveillée to release on probation; liberté du travail Jur freedom of contract; libertés publiques Jur, Pol civil liberties; libertés syndicales Jur, Pol trade union rights.
    [libɛrte] nom féminin
    1. [généralement,, DROIT] freedom
    être mis en liberté provisoire to be granted bail, to be released on bail
    2. [droit] right, freedom
    liberté d'association/du travail right of association/to work
    liberté du culte/d'opinion/de mouvement freedom of worship/thought/movement
    liberté d'entreprise free enterprise, right to set up a business
    liberté de la presse/d'expression freedom of the press/of speech
    Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (motto of the French Revolution and, today, of France)
    3. [indépendance] freedom
    liberté de jugement/de pensée freedom of judgment/thought
    avoir toute liberté pour décider to be totally free ou to have full freedom to decide
    4. [temps libre] free time
    5. [désinvolture, irrévérence]
    instaurer la liberté des prix to end ou to abolish price controls
    ————————
    libertés nom féminin pluriel
    1. [droits légaux] liberties, freedom
    atteinte aux/défense des libertés attack on/defence of civil liberties
    2. [privautés]
    prendre ou se permettre des libertés avec quelqu'un to take liberties with somebody
    ————————
    en liberté locution adjectivale & locution adverbiale
    a. [personne] to be free ou at large
    b. [animal] to be free ou in the wild
    remettre quelqu'un en liberté DROIT to release somebody, to set somebody free
    en toute liberté locution adverbiale

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > liberté

  • 49 функциональная система

    1. functional system

     

    функциональная система
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    The Prisma Plus functional system can be used for all types of low-voltage distribution switchboards (main, subdistribution and final) up to 3200 A, in commercial and industrial environments.

    Switchboard design is very simple:

    A metal structure

    The switchboard is made up of one or more frameworks combined side-by-side or back-to-back, on which a complete selection of cover panels and doors can be mounted.

    A distribution system

    Horizontal busbars or vertical busbars positioned in a lateral compartment or at the rear of the cubicle are used to distribute electricity throughout the switchboard.

    Complete functional units

    Each device is part of a functional unit comprising:

    • dedicated mounting plate for device installation
    • front plate to block direct access to live parts prefabricated busbar connections
    • devices for on-site connections.

    Each functional unit contributes to a function in the switchboard.

    The functional units are modular and are arranged rationally, one on top of another, within the enclosure.

    The system includes everything required for functional unit mounting, supply and onsite connection.
    The components of the Prisma Plus system and those of the functional units in particular have been designed and tested taking into account device characteristics.

    This design approach ensures a high degree of reliability in system operation and optimum safety for personnel.

    [Schneider Electric]

    Функциональная система Prisma Plus позволяет создавать низковольтные распределительные щиты любого типа (главные, промежуточного и конечного распределителения электроэнергии) на ток до 3200 А, предназначенные для установки в промышленных и коммерческих зданиях.

    Конструкция распределительного щита очень проста:

    Металлический каркас

    Состоит из одной или нескольких рам, соединённых в ряд или одна за другой, на которые устанавливаются различные панели и двери.

    Система распределения электроэнергии

    Горизонтальные или вертикальные шины, расположенные в боковой секции или в задней части щита, обеспечивающие распределение электроэнергии в пределах щита.

    Комплектные функциональные блоки

    Функциональный блок строится на базе коммутационного аппарата и включает в себя:
    ■ монтажную плату для установки аппарата;
    ■ переднюю панель, предотвращающую прямой доступ к токоведущим частям;
    ■ устройства для подключения кабелей на месте эксплуатации.

    Каждый функциональный блок распределительного щита выполняет определённую функцию.

    Благодаря модульной конструкции функциональные блоки легко стыкуются между собой при установке друг над другом внутри щита.

    Они снабжены всем необходимым для механического крепления и электрического подключения на месте эксплуатации.

    Все элементы системы Prisma Plus, в том числе и функциональные блоки рассчитаны и протестированы с учётом рабочих характеристик коммутационных аппаратов.

    Это обеспечивает надёжность работы электроустановки и оптимальную безопасность персонала.

    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > функциональная система

  • 50 точка

    1) < radio> dih

    2) dot
    3) period
    4) place
    5) <topogr.> point
    6) speck
    7) <naut.> spot
    базисная точка
    внеосевая точка
    высшая точка
    главная точка
    диакритическая точка
    достижимая точка
    единичная точка
    зеркальная точка
    идентичная точка
    изображающая точка
    изолированная точка
    исходная точка
    кардинальная точка
    конечная точка
    контрольная точка
    концевая точка
    кратная точка
    материальная точка
    мертвая точка
    мировая точка
    наивысшая точка
    начальная точка
    нейтральная точка
    неособая точка
    неподвижная точка
    несобственная точка
    неустойчивая точка
    ниверлирная точка
    нулевая точка
    общая точка
    опорная точка
    особая точка
    отдельная точка
    пограничная точка
    пробная точка
    разрезающая точка
    растворая точка
    ребристая точка
    реперная точка
    сварная точка
    светящаяся точка
    седловая точка
    седлообразная точка
    средняя точка
    счислимая точка
    такнодальная точка
    термостабильная точка
    точка возврата
    точка равновесия
    точка визирования
    точка возврата
    точка возгорания
    точка воспламенения
    точка востока
    точка вращения
    точка встречи
    точка граничная
    точка двойная
    точка двузначности
    точка деления
    точка дирамации
    точка замера
    точка замерзания
    точка заострения
    точка застоя
    точка затвердевания
    точка зенита
    точка зрения
    точка излома
    точка излучения
    точка испарения
    точка касания
    точка кипения
    точка конвергенции
    точка контакта
    точка Кюри
    точка наблюдения
    точка надира
    точка накопления
    точка неопределенности
    точка округления
    точка опоры
    точка осаждения
    точка отнесения
    точка отрыва
    точка перегиба
    точка пересечения
    точка перехода
    точка плавающая
    точка плавления
    точка покоя
    точка превращения
    точка предельная
    точка привязки
    точка прикосновения
    точка притяжения
    точка рабочая
    точка разветвления
    точка размягчения
    точка росы
    точка самокасания
    точка самопересечения
    точка самоприкосновения
    точка сгущения
    точка севера
    точка смазки
    точка соединения
    точка спинодали
    точка стеклования
    точка схода
    точка узловая
    точка шарнира
    точка экстремума
    тройная точка
    угловая точка
    узловая точка
    установочная точка
    шаровая точка
    эквивалентная точка

    бесконечно удаленная точка — infinite point, infinity, point at infinity


    бипланарная двойная точкаbinode


    верхняя мертвая точкаtop dead center


    взаимно обратная точкаinverse point


    высотная опорная точкаvertical control point


    высшая точка сводаroof crown


    диаметрально противоположная точка — antipodal point, antipode


    искусственная нулевая точкаartificial grounding point


    контрольная точка на платеsense point


    крайняя или экстремальная точкаextreme point


    критическая точка расслаивания<phys.> phase separation point


    магнитная точка Кюриmagnetic transition temperature


    начальная точка кипенияinitial boiling point


    нижняя мертвая точкаbottom dead center


    плановая опорная точкаhorizontal control point


    потенциально заземленная точкаvirtual ground


    средняя точка на обмоткеcenter tap


    существенно особая точкаessential singularity


    точка затвердевания золотаgold point


    точка затвердевания серебраsilver point


    точка зимнего солнцестояния<astr.> winter solstice


    точка излома кривойbreakpoint


    точка касания Землиtouch-down point


    точка летнего солнцестоянияsummer solstice


    точка минимального подходаclosest point of approach


    точка минимума плотности распределенияantimode


    точка минимума токаvalley point


    точка опоры рычага<phys.> fulcrum


    точка отбора электропитанияconvenience outlet


    точка отрыва потокаseparation point


    точка перегиба кривойinflection point


    точка полного накопленияcomplete accumulation point


    точка половинной мощностиhalf-power point


    точка приложения нагрузкиload point


    точка приложения подъемной силыlift center


    точка приложения силыpoint of application


    точка разветвления алгебраическая<math.> algebraic branch-point


    точка разветвления схемыjunction point of network


    точка разрыва непрерывностиdiscontinuity point


    точка разрыва с конечным скачком<math.> jump discontinuity, ordinary discontinuity


    точка с нулевым потенциаломpoint at zero potential


    точка самокасания кривойflecnode


    точка сосредоточения массыdiscrete mass point


    точка средняя выведеннаяcentertap


    точка срыва потокаburble point


    тройная точка водыtriple point or water


    угловая точка кривойsalient point of a curve


    четвертая гармоническая точкаfourth harmonic point

    Русско-английский технический словарь > точка

  • 51 решение

    decision, solution матем.
    * * *
    реше́ние с.
    1. мат. solution
    да́нное уравне́ние име́ет реше́ние, и прито́м еди́нственное — a solution of this equation is existent and unique
    заморо́зить реше́ние вчт.switch the computer to the HOLD condition
    реше́ния сшива́ются вчт.solutions join
    … существу́ет еди́нственное реше́ние э́того уравне́ния — a unique solution of this equation exists
    принима́ть реше́ние — make a decision
    3. (в технике, архитектуре и т. п.) approach, design, treatment
    архитекту́рное реше́ние (напр. здания) — architectural treatment
    реше́ние в це́лых чи́слах — integer solution
    реше́ние дифференциа́льного уравне́ния, о́бщее — general [complete] solution of a differential equation
    реше́ние дифференциа́льного уравне́ния, ча́стное — partial solution of a differential equation
    допусти́мое реше́ние — feasible solution
    реше́ние зада́ч — problem solving
    кусо́чное реше́ние — piecewise solution
    наилу́чшее реше́ние ( при исследовании операций) — most favourable [best] decision
    наиху́дшее реше́ние ( при исследовании операций) — least favourable decision
    нулево́е реше́ние — trivial [zero, null] solution
    реше́ние подбо́ром — solution by inspection
    про́бное реше́ние ( процесс решения) вчт. — check [trial] run
    техни́ческое реше́ние — design
    реше́ние уравне́ния, еди́нственное — unique solution
    чи́сленное реше́ние — numerical [computational] solution
    * * *

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > решение

  • 52 Л-34

    ПЕРВАЯ ЛАСТОЧКА NP usu. subj-compl with copula, nom or instrum (subj: human, abstr, or concr) fixed WO
    the earliest, very first indication of the approach of sth., the first member of a series to follow
    the first swallow (announcing the summer of sth.)
    the first sign (the harbinger, the forerunner) (of sth.).
    Рогозин сказал примерно следующее. Классики марксизма, а Ленин в особенности, были полными невеждами в области логики... С факультета Рогозина убрали, но не посадили... Судьба Рогозина... - одна из первых ласточек наступавшей либеральной эпохи (Зиновьев 2). What Rogozin said amounted roughly to this. The classics of Marxism, and Lenin in particular, were complete ignoramuses where logic was concerned.... Rogozin was expelled from the faculty, but left at liberty..Rogozin's fate was one of the first swallows announcing the summer of the liberal period (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Л-34

  • 53 показать

    (= показывать) show, register, read, exhibit, reveal, depict, display, illustrate, indicate
    Анализ этих уравнений показывает, что... - Inspection of these equations shows that...
    Более совершенным рассуждением можно показать, что... - By a more refined argument it can be shown that...
    Более того, данное обсуждение показывает, что... - The discussion shows, moreover, that...
    Более точное вычисление показывает, что... - A more exact calculation shows that...
    Быстро покажем, что... - It will be shown in a moment that...
    В главе 2 мы вернемся к этому вопросу и попытаемся показать, что... - In Chapter 2 we shall return to this question and try to show that...
    В предыдущем параграфе мы уже показали, как исследовать... - In the preceding section we have shown how to investigate...
    Важно, что исследование также показывает, что... - Importantly, the study also shows that...
    Нам остается лишь показать, что... - All that remains is to show that...
    Вычисления показали, что... - Computations have shown that...
    Далее будет показано, что... - It will be shown in the sequel that...
    Далее можно показать, что... - It can further be shown that...
    Далее, легко показать, что... - It is easy to show, furthermore, that...
    Далее, мы показываем, что существуют функции, нарушающие это неравенство при к > 2... - Next, we show that there are functions which violate this inequality for к > 2.
    Дальнейшее исследование, однако, показало, что... - Further investigation, however, has shown that...
    Дальнейшее применение соотношения (1) показывает, что... - Further application of (1) shows that...
    Данная формулировка показывает сразу несколько аспектов. - The formulation reveals several things.
    Данные примеры должны показать, что... - These examples should make it clear that...
    Данный подход показывает, что... - The present approach shows that...
    Данный результат следует немедленно, если мы можем показать, что... - The result will follow immediately if we can show that...
    Действительно, в этом случае мы могли бы показать, что... - Indeed, in this case, we may show that...
    Довольно громоздкое вычисление показывает, что... - A somewhat lengthy computation shows that...
    Еще более удивительным является пример, найденный Смитом [11], который показывает, что... - Even more startling is an example due to Smith [11], which shows that...
    Еще раз, это показывает зависимость... - Again, this demonstrates the dependence of...
    Здесь мы можем только показать, что... - We can show here only that...
    Изучение... показывает, что... - Studies of... indicate that...
    Используя определения F и G, легко показать, что... - It is a simple matter, using the definitions of F and G, to show that...
    Используя эти соотношения, мы легко можем показать по индукции, что... - From these relations we can easily show by induction that...
    Исследование уравнения (4) показывает, что... - An examination of (4) shows that...
    Исследования показали важность... - The studies demonstrated the importance of...
    Видимо, все это показывает, что... - All this seems to show that...
    Как легко показать, используя..., этим можно полностью пренебречь. - It is utterly negligible, as we can easily show by...
    Как показывает следующий пример, это не обязательно выполняется. - This is not necessarily the case, as the following example illustrates.
    Как приложение данного результата, мы покажем, что... - As an application of this result, we show that...
    Количественный анализ этих результатов показывает, что... - A quantitative analysis of these results shows that...
    Легко показать, что... - It is easily shown that...
    Легкое изменение приведенного выше рассуждения показывает, что... - A slight modification of the above reasoning shows that...
    Метод анализа, намеченный в предыдущем абзаце, показывает... - The method of analysis outlined in the last paragraph shows...
    Многие годы экспериментов показали, что... - Many years of experimentation have shown that...
    Можно показать, что в целом это заключение является справедливым. - It can be shown that this conclusion is generally valid.
    Можно показать, что они являются как достаточными, так и необходимыми. - It may be shown that they are sufficient as well as necessary.
    Можно показать, что это эквивалентно условию... - This can be shown to be equivalent to the condition that...
    Мы должны показать, что... - We have to show that...
    Мы можем показать это на простом примере. - We can demonstrate this with a simple example.
    Мы оставляем для самостоятельного решения задачу показать, что... - We leave it as a problem to show that...
    Мы покажем теперь, что это не справедливо. - We shall now show that this is not the case.
    Мы хотим явно показать, что... - We wish to show explicitly that...
    На самом деле мы лишь показали, что... - We have in fact only shown that...
    На самом деле мы можем показать, что... - We can show, in fact, that...
    На самом деле, его исследование, похоже, показывает, что... - Actually his investigation seemed to show that...
    Нам остается показать, что... - We need only to show that...; It remains for us to show that...
    Намеченные выше вычисления показывают, что... - The calculations outlined above show that...
    Например, мы покажем, что... - We shall show, for example, that...
    Например, не слишком трудно показать, что... - For example, it is not too difficult to show that...
    Например, экспериментально было показано, что... - For example, it has been shown experimentally that...
    Наш простой пример показывает, что... - Our simple example demonstrates that...
    Наши цифры показывают, что... - Our figures show that...
    Небольшое изменение этого доказательства показывает, что... - A minor modification of the proof shows that...
    Небольшое размышление показывает, что... - A moment's reflection will indicate that...
    Недавние эксперименты показали, что... - Recent experiments have shown that...
    Недавняя работа показала, что... - Recent work has shown that...
    Недолгое размышление покажет, что... - A moment's thought will show that...
    Несколько иное рассуждение показывает, что... - A slightly different argument shows that...
    Общие наблюдения показывают... - It is a matter of common observation that...
    Один тип... показан на рис. 2. - One type of... is shown in Figure 2.
    Однако, мы хотим показать, что... - We wish to show, however, that...
    Однако мы уже показали, что... - But we have already shown that...
    Однако следующая теорема показывает, что... - The next theorem shows, however, that...
    Он показал существование глобального по времени решения. - Не showed existence of a global-in-time weak solution.
    Описанные здесь исследования показывают, что... - The studies described here show that...
    Исторический опыт показывает, что... - Historical experience shows that...
    Остается показать, что... - It remains to be shown that...
    Оценка показывает, что... - It is estimated that...
    Подобное же рассуждение показывает нам... - A similar argument will show that...
    Подобные вычисления показывают, что... - Similar computations reveal that...
    Подобным образом можно показать, что... - In like manner it can be shown that...
    Подробный вывод показал бы, что... - A detailed derivation would show that...
    Подстановка этой величины в уравнение (1) показывает, что... - Insertion of this value into equation (1) shows that...
    Полная теория показывает, что... - Detailed theory shows that...
    Помимо всего, нам необходимо показать, что... - Above all, we need to show that...
    Помимо прочих следствий, данный результат показывает, что... - Among other things, this result shows that...
    Последнее разложение показывает, что... - The latter expansion shows that...
    Это может быть трудно показать на практике. - In practice this may be difficult to demonstrate.
    Предварительные результаты показывают, что... - The preliminary results suggest that...
    Пренебрегая этими эффектами, легко показать, что... - Neglecting these effects it is easy to show that...
    Приведенный выше пример 2 показывает, что... - Example 2 above shows that...
    Придерживаясь тех же обозначений, что и в первом параграфе, мы покажем, что... - With the same notation as in Section 1, we shall show that...
    Применение данного метода показывает... - An application of this process shows...
    Продолжая действовать так же, как в параграфе 1, мы можем показать, что... - Proceeding as in Section 1, we may show that...
    Ранее мы показывали, что... - Earlier we showed that...
    Рассуждение, приведенное в конце последней главы, показывает, что... - The argument at the end of the last chapter shows that...
    Рассуждения Гильберта относительно этого уравнения показывают, что... - Hilbert's discussion of this equation shows that...
    Реальные вычисления, однако, показывают, что... - Actual computations show, however, that...
    Результат показан ниже. - The result is recorded below.
    С другой стороны, эксперименты показывают, что... - On the other hand, experiments show that...
    Следующая серия примеров (= иллюстраций) показывает... - The following series of illustrations shows...
    Следующая теорема позволяет нам показать, что... - The following theorem enables us to show that...
    Следующие задачи помогут показать, что важность... - The following problems will help show that importance of...
    Следующие примеры покажут важность данного определения. - Examples will bring out the significance of this definition.
    Следующий пример показывает, что... - The following example shows that...
    Следующим шагом мы покажем, что... - Next it will be shown that...
    Совершенно аналогичным образом можно показать, что... - It can be shown by an exactly similar process that...
    Сравнение А и В показывает, что... - A comparison of A and В shows that...
    Сравнение с точным результатом (2) показывает, что... - A comparison with the exact result (2) shows that...
    Ссылка на уравнение (6) показывает, что... - Reference to equation (6) shows that...
    Стандартные вычисления показывают, что... - A routine calculation shows that...
    Таблицы данных показывают, что... - The tables show that...
    Теоретические соображения показывают, что... - Theoretical considerations show that...
    Теперь мы покажем, что допустимо (предполагать и т. п.)... - We shall now show that it is permissible to...
    Термометр показывает 20 градусов ниже нуля. - The thermometer shows/reads 20 degrees below zero.
    Типичный... показан на рис. 2. - A typical... is shown in Figure 2.
    То же самое рассуждение показывает, что... - The same reasoning shows that...
    То же самое рассуждение четко показывает, что... - The same reasoning evidently shows that...
    То же самое рассуждение, что и выше, показывает, что... - The same argument as above shows that...
    То, что мы показали, это... - What we have shown is that...
    Только что проделанные вычисления показывают нам, что... - The result just calculated shows us that...
    Рис. 2 показывает результаты, полученные... - Fig. 2 shows results obtained for Equation (2.8).
    Цель заключается в том, чтобы показать, что... - The aim is to show that...
    Чтобы доказать теорему, достаточно показать, что... - То prove the theorem it is sufficient to show that...
    Чтобы завершить доказательство, нам остается показать, что... - То complete the proof, we need to demonstrate that...
    Чтобы показать, что обратное несправедливо, мы должны... - То show that the converse is false, we must...
    Чтобы показать, что это невозможно, давайте... - То show that this is not possible, let...
    Чтобы это доказать, нам остается лишь показать, что... - То prove this we need only show that...
    Эксперимент подтверждает это, однако также
    (= одновременно) показывает, что... - Experiment confirms this but also shows that...
    Эксперимент показывает, что... - Experiment shows that...; Experiment tells us that...
    Эксперименты с полупроводниками показывают, что... - Experiments with semiconductors show that...
    Эти и многие другие примеры показывают, что... - These and many other examples show that...
    Эти равенства позволяют нам показать, что... - These identities enable us to show that...
    Эти рассуждения показывают нам, что... - These considerations show us that...
    Эти результаты ясно показывают, что... - These results clearly show that...
    Это доказательство легко переделывается для того, чтобы показать, что... - The proof is easily adapted to show that...
    Это могло бы быть легко показано при использовании условия... - This may be shown readily by employing the condition that...
    Это можно показать двумя методами. - This can be seen in two ways.
    Это показывает (одно) важное ограничение (чего-л). - This demonstrates an important limitation of...
    Это показывает еще раз, что... - This shows once more that...
    Это показывает, что невозможно... - This shows that it is impossible to...
    Это простое соотношение немедленно показывает, что... - This simple relation shows immediately that...
    Это соотношение также показывает, что... - This relation also shows that...
    Это ясно показано на рис. 1, которая представляет результаты (чего-л). - This is clearly demonstrated in Figure 1 which shows the results of...
    Этот пример показывает, что может быть необходимым... - This example shows that it may be necessary to...
    Этот рисунок четко показывает принципиальные различия между... - This figure clearly illustrates the basic differences between...
    Этот эффект будет обсуждаться в главе 2, где будет показано, что... - This effect will be discussed in Chapter 2, where it will be shown that...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > показать

  • 54 упоминание

    mention, reminder, mentioning
    В связи с этим заслуживает упоминания то, что... - In this connection, it is worthwhile to mention that...
    Единственным моментом, заслуживающим упоминания, является то, что... - The only point worth noting is that...
    Заслуживает упоминания другой подход к проблеме этого типа. - Another approach to problems of this type is worthy of notice.
    Заслуживает упоминания, что... - It is noteworthy that...
    Имеются другие условия, заслуживающие упоминания. - There are some other terms that require mention.
    Имеются несколько моментов, которые стоят упоминания. - There are several points worth noting:
    Никаких дальнейших упоминаний о... делаться не будет. - No further mention will be made of...
    Эти замечания не будут полны без упоминания... - These remarks will not be complete without mentioning...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > упоминание

  • 55 первая ласточка

    [NP; usu. subj-compl with copula, nom or instrum (subj: human, abstr, or concr); fixed WO]
    =====
    the earliest, very first indication of the approach of sth., the first member of a series to follow:
    - the first swallow (announcing the summer of sth.);
    - the first sign (the harbinger, the forerunner) (of sth.).
         ♦ Рогозин сказал примерно следующее. Классики марксизма, а Ленин в особенности, были полными невеждами в области логики... С факультета Рогозина убрали, но не посадили... Судьба Рогозина... - одна из первых ласточек наступавшей либеральной эпохи (Зиновьев 2). What Rogozin said amounted roughly to this. The classics of Marxism, and Lenin in particular, were complete ignoramuses where logic was concerned.... Rogozin was expelled from the faculty, but left at liberty..Rogozin's fate was one of the first swallows announcing the summer of the liberal period (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > первая ласточка

  • 56 duro1

    1 = harsh [harsher -comp., harshest -sup.], severe [severer -comp., severest -sup.], stiff [stiffer -comp., stiffest -sup.], tough [tougher -comp., toughest -sup.], flinty [flintier -comp., flintiest -sup.], hard [harder -comp., hardest -sup.], stern, rough [rougher -comp., roughest -sup.], rugged, hard-nosed, unfeeling, tough-minded, hard-line, hardy [hardier -comp., hardiest -sup.], hard-wearing, gruelling [grueling, -USA].
    Ex. In this unhappy pattern SLIS are not being singled out for especially harsh treatment.
    Ex. Obviously if it were not for the fact that such indexes also have severe limitations there would be little need to produce any other type of subject index.
    Ex. Ironically, however, the internal organisation walls librarians have built to categorise materials by format remain stiff and solid.
    Ex. As educators, then, we need to ask ourselves some very tough questions -- some to which we would rather not hear the answers.
    Ex. 'I wish she'd tell me when she asks one of my people to do something,' she added in the same flinty tone.
    Ex. The amount of stuffing in the balls was varied to suit the nature of the work; large, soft balls with weak ink were used for low-grade work; small, hard balls and strong ink for work of better quality.
    Ex. There are two good reasons for this stern rule.
    Ex. The changes for the latter group are going to be abrupt, and rough -- very revolutionary.
    Ex. The article 'Where no drive has gone before: ruggedized CD-ROM drives' provides examples of conditions where CD-ROM drives need to be particularly rugged (severe industrial conditions, severe shock and vibration conditions, and severe military conditions).
    Ex. Companies must adopt a hard-nosed attitude in judging the cost benefits of teletext.
    Ex. The discourteous, unfeeling, & degrading reception encountered by job applicants is discussed.
    Ex. Carnegie was a conservative, rigidly moralistic, and tough-minded individualist.
    Ex. Many school districts have adopted a hard-line approach to reducing unexcused absenteeism; in one such district, truancy rates were reduced 45 percent when truants and their parents were taken to court.
    Ex. These plants are often not as hardy when placed in the garden under less than hothouse conditions.
    Ex. The manufacturers of this type of artificial turf say that while the grass is soft and springy underfoot it is extremely tough and hard-wearing.
    Ex. He has become one of the first people in the world to complete a gruelling foot race involving four deserts on four different continents.
    ----
    * actuar duro = play + hardball.
    * a duras penas = with great difficulty.
    * arreglárselas a duras penas = muddle through.
    * avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.
    * cara dura = impudence, effrontery, blatancy, shameless, shamelessness.
    * ciencias duras, las = hard sciences, the.
    * dar duro = pack + a wallop.
    * de línea dura = hard-line.
    * disco duro = hard disc.
    * dura realidad = fact of life, harsh reality.
    * duro como una piedra = rock-hard.
    * duro de corazón = hard-hearted.
    * duro de oído = hard-of-hearing.
    * duro despertar = rude awakening.
    * duro golpe = cruel blow.
    * duro revés = cruel blow.
    * edición en cubierta dura = hardcover.
    * edición en tapas duras = hardcover.
    * ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.
    * hacerse el duro = play it + cool, play + hard to get.
    * hueso duro = tough nut.
    * hueso duro de roer = uphill struggle, tough nut to crack, hard nut to crack.
    * huevo duro = hard-boiled egg.
    * la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.
    * libro impreso en pastas duras = board book.
    * madera dura = hardwood.
    * ¿mano blanda o mano dura? = the carrot vs. the stick.
    * mano blanda y mano dura = carrots and sticks.
    * mano dura = iron fist, iron hand.
    * más duro que la suela de un zapato = as tough as leather, as tough as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.
    * más duro que una piedra = as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.
    * paladar duro = hard palate.
    * pastas duras = hard cover.
    * personas que son duras de oído, las = hard of hearing, the.
    * pornografía dura = hard core pornography.
    * puro y duro = unvarnished.
    * recibir duras críticas = take + a pounding, take + a beating.
    * salir adelante a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.
    * sector duro = hard sector.
    * tan duro como el pedernal = as hard as nails.
    * tan duro como la piedra = as hard as nails.
    * tan duro como la suela de un zapato = as tough as leather, as tough as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.
    * tan duro como una piedra = as hard as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.
    * tenerlo duro = not be easy.
    * tener un duro despertar = rude awakening + be in store.
    * trabajar duro = labour [labor, -USA], toil, slave away.
    * trabajo duro = hard graft, hard labour, thirsty work, hard work.

    Spanish-English dictionary > duro1

  • 57 duro

    adj.
    1 hard, hard-core, stiff, strong.
    2 hard, hard-boiled, hard-bitten, severe.
    3 hard, tough, difficult, rough.
    4 headstrong, unbending, obdurate.
    5 harsh, severe.
    adv.
    hard, with force.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: durar.
    * * *
    1 hard
    2 (carne) tough; (pan) stale
    3 (difícil) hard, difficult
    4 (cruel) tough, hardhearted, callous
    5 (resistente) strong, tough
    6 (obstinado) obstinate, stubborn
    1 (antiguamente) five pesetas; (moneda) five-peseta coin
    2 familiar tough guy
    1 hard
    \
    ser duro,-a de mollera to be thick, be as thick as two short planks
    ————————
    1 (antiguamente) five pesetas; (moneda) five-peseta coin
    2 familiar tough guy
    1 hard
    * * *
    1. adv. 2. (f. - dura)
    adj.
    1) hard
    * * *
    duro, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) (=resistente) [material, superficie, cama, agua] hard; [cable, alambre] stiff; [pan] hard, stale; [carne] tough; [legumbres] hard; [articulación, mecanismo] stiff; [músculo] firm, hard
    2) (=agresivo) [clima, tiempo, crítica] harsh, severe; [deporte, juego] rough; [ataque] fierce; [castigo, sentencia] severe, harsh; [carácter, actitud] tough

    fue un duro golpe para el partidoit was a severe o heavy blow to the party

    una postura dura contra la drogaa tough stance o hard line against drugs

    es muy duro con sus hijoshe's very strict o tough with his children

    hay que tener mano dura con los estudiantesyou have to be firm o strict with students, students need a firm hand

    3) (=difícil) [tarea, prueba, examen] hard

    lo tienes duro para aprobar* it will be hard o difficult for you to pass

    ¡qué dura es la vida! — it's a hard life!

    4) * (=torpe)

    duro de molleradense *, dim *

    duro de oído(=medio sordo) hard of hearing; (Mús) tone deaf

    5) Méx
    * (=borracho)
    2.
    ADV hard

    pégale o dale duro — hit him hard

    3.
    SM (=cinco pesetas) five pesetas; (=moneda) five-peseta coin

    estar sin un duro* to be broke *

    - ¡lo que faltaba para el duro!
    - ¡y que te den dos duros!

    vender duros a tres pesetas —

    4. SM / F
    1) [en película, historia] tough character

    se hizo el duro para disimular su tristezahe acted the tough guy o hard man in order to hide his sadness

    2) (Pol) hard-liner
    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo
    1) < mineral> hard; < material> hard, tough; <asiento/colchón> hard; < carne> tough; < músculo> hard; < pan> stale
    2) <luz/voz> harsh; < facciones> hard, harsh; < agua> hard
    3)
    a) (severo, riguroso) < persona> harsh, hard; <castigo/palabras> harsh, severe; <crítica/ataque> harsh; < clima> harsh; < juego> rough, hard

    estuviste or fuiste demasiado duro con él — you were too hard on him

    b) (difícil, penoso) <trabajo/vida> hard, tough

    estar duro — (Méx fam) ( poco probable) to be unlikely; ( muy difícil) to be tough

    estar duro de pelar — (fam) < problema> to be tough o hard (colloq)

    ser duro de pelar — (fam) < persona> to be a hard o tough nut to crack

    4) (Per) ( tacaño) (fam) tight (colloq), stingy (colloq)
    II
    adverbio (esp AmL) <trabajar/estudiar/llover> hard

    hable más duro — (Col, Ven) speak up!

    reírse duro — (Col, Ven) to laugh loudly

    agárrense duro — (Col, Ven) hold on tight

    duro y parejo — (AmL fam) flat out

    darle duro y parejo al trabajoto work flat out

    III
    1) ( en España) (Hist) five-peseta coin

    estar sin un duro — (Esp fam) to be broke (colloq)

    2)
    a) (fam) ( en películas) tough guy
    b) (Pol) hardliner
    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo
    1) < mineral> hard; < material> hard, tough; <asiento/colchón> hard; < carne> tough; < músculo> hard; < pan> stale
    2) <luz/voz> harsh; < facciones> hard, harsh; < agua> hard
    3)
    a) (severo, riguroso) < persona> harsh, hard; <castigo/palabras> harsh, severe; <crítica/ataque> harsh; < clima> harsh; < juego> rough, hard

    estuviste or fuiste demasiado duro con él — you were too hard on him

    b) (difícil, penoso) <trabajo/vida> hard, tough

    estar duro — (Méx fam) ( poco probable) to be unlikely; ( muy difícil) to be tough

    estar duro de pelar — (fam) < problema> to be tough o hard (colloq)

    ser duro de pelar — (fam) < persona> to be a hard o tough nut to crack

    4) (Per) ( tacaño) (fam) tight (colloq), stingy (colloq)
    II
    adverbio (esp AmL) <trabajar/estudiar/llover> hard

    hable más duro — (Col, Ven) speak up!

    reírse duro — (Col, Ven) to laugh loudly

    agárrense duro — (Col, Ven) hold on tight

    duro y parejo — (AmL fam) flat out

    darle duro y parejo al trabajoto work flat out

    III
    1) ( en España) (Hist) five-peseta coin

    estar sin un duro — (Esp fam) to be broke (colloq)

    2)
    a) (fam) ( en películas) tough guy
    b) (Pol) hardliner
    * * *
    duro1
    1 = harsh [harsher -comp., harshest -sup.], severe [severer -comp., severest -sup.], stiff [stiffer -comp., stiffest -sup.], tough [tougher -comp., toughest -sup.], flinty [flintier -comp., flintiest -sup.], hard [harder -comp., hardest -sup.], stern, rough [rougher -comp., roughest -sup.], rugged, hard-nosed, unfeeling, tough-minded, hard-line, hardy [hardier -comp., hardiest -sup.], hard-wearing, gruelling [grueling, -USA].

    Ex: In this unhappy pattern SLIS are not being singled out for especially harsh treatment.

    Ex: Obviously if it were not for the fact that such indexes also have severe limitations there would be little need to produce any other type of subject index.
    Ex: Ironically, however, the internal organisation walls librarians have built to categorise materials by format remain stiff and solid.
    Ex: As educators, then, we need to ask ourselves some very tough questions -- some to which we would rather not hear the answers.
    Ex: 'I wish she'd tell me when she asks one of my people to do something,' she added in the same flinty tone.
    Ex: The amount of stuffing in the balls was varied to suit the nature of the work; large, soft balls with weak ink were used for low-grade work; small, hard balls and strong ink for work of better quality.
    Ex: There are two good reasons for this stern rule.
    Ex: The changes for the latter group are going to be abrupt, and rough -- very revolutionary.
    Ex: The article 'Where no drive has gone before: ruggedized CD-ROM drives' provides examples of conditions where CD-ROM drives need to be particularly rugged (severe industrial conditions, severe shock and vibration conditions, and severe military conditions).
    Ex: Companies must adopt a hard-nosed attitude in judging the cost benefits of teletext.
    Ex: The discourteous, unfeeling, & degrading reception encountered by job applicants is discussed.
    Ex: Carnegie was a conservative, rigidly moralistic, and tough-minded individualist.
    Ex: Many school districts have adopted a hard-line approach to reducing unexcused absenteeism; in one such district, truancy rates were reduced 45 percent when truants and their parents were taken to court.
    Ex: These plants are often not as hardy when placed in the garden under less than hothouse conditions.
    Ex: The manufacturers of this type of artificial turf say that while the grass is soft and springy underfoot it is extremely tough and hard-wearing.
    Ex: He has become one of the first people in the world to complete a gruelling foot race involving four deserts on four different continents.
    * actuar duro = play + hardball.
    * a duras penas = with great difficulty.
    * arreglárselas a duras penas = muddle through.
    * avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.
    * cara dura = impudence, effrontery, blatancy, shameless, shamelessness.
    * ciencias duras, las = hard sciences, the.
    * dar duro = pack + a wallop.
    * de línea dura = hard-line.
    * disco duro = hard disc.
    * dura realidad = fact of life, harsh reality.
    * duro como una piedra = rock-hard.
    * duro de corazón = hard-hearted.
    * duro de oído = hard-of-hearing.
    * duro despertar = rude awakening.
    * duro golpe = cruel blow.
    * duro revés = cruel blow.
    * edición en cubierta dura = hardcover.
    * edición en tapas duras = hardcover.
    * ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.
    * hacerse el duro = play it + cool, play + hard to get.
    * hueso duro = tough nut.
    * hueso duro de roer = uphill struggle, tough nut to crack, hard nut to crack.
    * huevo duro = hard-boiled egg.
    * la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.
    * libro impreso en pastas duras = board book.
    * madera dura = hardwood.
    * ¿mano blanda o mano dura? = the carrot vs. the stick.
    * mano blanda y mano dura = carrots and sticks.
    * mano dura = iron fist, iron hand.
    * más duro que la suela de un zapato = as tough as leather, as tough as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.
    * más duro que una piedra = as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.
    * paladar duro = hard palate.
    * pastas duras = hard cover.
    * personas que son duras de oído, las = hard of hearing, the.
    * pornografía dura = hard core pornography.
    * puro y duro = unvarnished.
    * recibir duras críticas = take + a pounding, take + a beating.
    * salir adelante a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.
    * sector duro = hard sector.
    * tan duro como el pedernal = as hard as nails.
    * tan duro como la piedra = as hard as nails.
    * tan duro como la suela de un zapato = as tough as leather, as tough as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.
    * tan duro como una piedra = as hard as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.
    * tenerlo duro = not be easy.
    * tener un duro despertar = rude awakening + be in store.
    * trabajar duro = labour [labor, -USA], toil, slave away.
    * trabajo duro = hard graft, hard labour, thirsty work, hard work.

    duro2
    * dejar a Alguien sin un duro = take + Nombre + to the cleaners.
    * estar sin un duro = not have a bean.
    * faltar el canto de un duro para = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, come + very close to.
    * no tener un duro = not have a bean.
    * novela a duro = dime and nickel novel.
    * sin un duro = broke, down-and-out, skint, penniless.
    * * *
    duro1 -ra
    A
    1 ‹mineral› hard; ‹material› hard, tough; ‹asiento/colchón› hard; ‹carne› tough; ‹músculo› hard
    las zanahorias todavía están duras the carrots are still hard
    2 ‹pan›
    este pan está duro como una piedra this bread is rock-hard
    pan duro para rallar stale bread for making breadcrumbs
    3 (entumecido) ‹cuello/dedos› stiff
    estoy duro de frío ( fam); I'm frozen stiff
    B
    1 ‹luz/voz› harsh; ‹facciones› hard, harsh
    2 ‹agua› hard
    C
    1 (severo, riguroso) ‹persona› harsh, hard; ‹castigo/palabras› harsh, severe; ‹crítica/ataque› harsh; ‹clima› harsh
    estuviste demasiado duro con él you were too hard on him
    una postura más dura a tougher line
    los defensores de la línea dura the hardliners, those who favor a tough stance
    el equipo es famoso por su juego duro the team is notorious for its rough o hard play
    lo que hace falta aquí es una mano dura what's needed here is a firm hand
    2 (difícil, penoso) ‹trabajo/vida› hard, tough
    fue un golpe muy duro para ella it was a very hard o a terrible blow for her
    a las duras y a las maduras through thick and thin ( colloq)
    estar duro ( Méx fam) (poco probable) to be unlikely; (muy difícil) to be tough
    está duro que nos aumenten el sueldo it's unlikely that we'll get a pay rise
    estar duro de pelar ( fam); ‹problema› to be tough o hard ( colloq)
    ser duro de pelar ( fam); ‹persona› to be a hard o tough nut to crack
    3 ( fam) (torpe) dumb ( colloq)
    es duro para los idiomas he's useless at languages ( colloq)
    D ( Per) (tacaño) ( fam) tight ( colloq), stingy ( colloq)
    ( esp AmL) ‹trabajar/estudiar/llover› hard
    ¡pégale duro! hit him hard!
    ¡agárrate duro! hold on tight!
    le estamos dando duro we're working hard on it
    los periódicos le dieron duro the newspapers gave him a rough ride
    hable más duro (Col, Ven); speak up!
    estábamos riéndonos muy duro (Col, Ven); we were laughing very loudly
    agárrense duro (Col, Ven); hold on tight
    corrimos bien duro (Col, Ven); we ran really fast
    duro y parejo ( AmL fam); flat out
    A (en España) ( Hist) five-peseta coin
    estar sin un duro ( Esp fam); to be broke ( colloq)
    B
    1 ( fam) (en películas) tough guy
    2 ( Pol) hardliner
    * * *

     

    Del verbo durar: ( conjugate durar)

    duro es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    duró es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    durar    
    duro
    durar ( conjugate durar) verbo intransitivo
    a) [reunión/guerra/relación] to last;

    ¿cuánto dura la película? how long is the film?

    b) [coche/zapatos] to last

    c) (Col, Ven) See Also→ demorar a

    durarse verbo pronominal (Ven) See Also

    duro 1 -ra adjetivo
    1 ( en general) hard;
    carne tough;
    pan stale;

    2luz/voz harsh;
    facciones hard, harsh
    3
    a) (severo, riguroso) harsh;

    juego rough, hard;

    una postura más dura a tougher line
    b) (difícil, penoso) ‹trabajo/vida hard, tough;


    duro 2 adverbio (esp AmL) ‹trabajar/estudiar/llover hard;
    hablar› (Col, Ven) loudly
    duro 3 sustantivo masculino ( en España) (Hist) five-peseta coin
    durar verbo intransitivo
    1 to last
    2 (ropa, calzado) to wear well, last
    duro,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 hard: ... y también dos huevos duros,... and also two hard-boiled eggs
    2 (insensible, intransigente) harsh, hard: su mirada era dura, her look was harsh
    3 (violento, brusco) rough: aguanté una dura reprimenda, I endured a rough reprimand
    II m (moneda) five-peseta coin
    III adverbio hard
    ' duro' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bregar
    - canto
    - disco
    - dura
    - durante
    - edificación
    - golpe
    - huevo
    - larga
    - largo
    - mollera
    - oído
    - pelar
    - roer
    - sobremesa
    - suela
    - tarugo
    - aplastar
    - entrado
    - noviazgo
    - pesado
    - piedra
    - rock
    - tieso
    English:
    achieve
    - blow
    - broke
    - celebration
    - cold-hearted
    - dammit
    - disc
    - disk
    - easy
    - elbow-grease
    - empire
    - exacting
    - exertion
    - graft
    - grill
    - gristle
    - hard
    - hard disk
    - hard porn
    - hard-boiled
    - hard-core
    - harsh
    - hawkish
    - lack
    - last
    - long
    - nail
    - not
    - nougat
    - nut
    - penny
    - punishing
    - recognition
    - rough
    - rugged
    - second
    - severe
    - slog
    - stale
    - stark
    - stiff
    - sweat
    - thrive
    - toil
    - tough
    - tough-minded
    - arduous
    - boil
    - dense
    - firm
    * * *
    duro, -a
    adj
    1. [objeto, material, superficie] hard;
    [carne] tough; [pan] stale;
    estas peras están todavía muy duras these pears are still hard o not ripe;
    Vulg
    ponérsele dura a alguien: se me puso dura I got a hard-on;
    estar duro como una piedra to be rock-hard;
    más dura será la caída: cuanto más famosos se hagan, más dura será la caída the more famous they get, the worse it is when they fall from popularity;
    Fam
    ser duro de mollera [estúpido] to be thick in the head;
    [testarudo] to be pigheaded; Fam
    ser duro de oído to be hard of hearing
    2. [cerradura, grifo, mecanismo] stiff;
    los cajones van un poco duros the drawers are a bit stiff
    3. [agua] hard
    4. [penoso, inclemente] [clima, invierno] harsh, severe;
    [etapa, experiencia, vida] hard, tough;
    fue un golpe muy duro para todos it was a heavy blow for everybody;
    son o [m5] corren tiempos muy duros these are hard times;
    Fam
    estar a las duras y a las maduras [sin rendirse] to be there through thick and thin;
    [sin quejarse] to take the rough with the smooth
    5. [severo, áspero] [persona, palabras, críticas] harsh, severe;
    [acciones, medidas, condena] harsh; [postura, sector] hard-line; [juego, partido] rough;
    estuvo muy duro con él he was very hard on him;
    el ala dura del partido the hard-line faction of the party;
    una entrada muy dura [de futbolista] a very hard tackle
    6. [fuerte, resistente] tough;
    un tipo duro a tough guy;
    Fam
    ser duro de pelar to be a hard nut to crack
    nm
    1. [persona] tough guy;
    [en partido político] hardliner;
    hacerse el duro to act tough
    2. Esp Antes [moneda] 5-peseta coin;
    me debes 1.000 duros you owe me 5,000 pesetas;
    5 duros [moneda] 25-peseta coin;
    estar sin un duro to be flat broke;
    Fam
    ¡lo que faltaba para el duro! that really is all we needed!;
    Fam
    que le/te/ etc [m5] den dos duros to hell with him/you/ etc
    adv
    1. [mucho] hard;
    trabajar duro to work hard
    2. Col, Ven Fam [alto] loudly;
    hablar duro to talk loudly;
    reír duro to laugh noisily
    3. Col, Ven Fam [rápido] quickly, fast;
    nadan muy duro, es imposible alcanzarlos they're very strong swimmers, it's impossible to catch them
    4. Col, Ven Fam [fuerte] hard;
    pégale duro hit him hard
    * * *
    I adj
    1 material hard; carne tough
    2 clima, fig
    harsh
    3
    :
    duro de oído fam hard of hearing;
    duro de corazón hard-hearted;
    ser duro de pelar be a tough nut to crack
    II adv hard
    III m five peseta coin
    * * *
    duro adv
    : hard
    trabajé tan duro: I worked so hard
    duro, -ra adj
    1) : hard, tough
    2) : harsh, severe
    * * *
    duro1 adj
    1. (en general) hard
    2. (carne, persona) tough
    3. (castigo, clima) harsh
    4. (pan) stale
    duro2 adv hard
    duro3 n five peseta coin

    Spanish-English dictionary > duro

  • 58 अवसो _avasō

    अवसो 4 P.
    1 To finish, accomplish.
    -2 To destroy.
    -3 To determine, understand; किमप्यनवसीयमानम् K.278; अवासासीच्च वैयासिकीम् (वाणीम्) Malli.
    -4 (Intrans.) To fail; be at an end; शक्तिर्ममावस्यति हीनयुद्धे Ki.16.17.
    -5 To put up (as at an inn).
    -6 To let loose, liberate.
    -7 To draw near, approach.
    -8 To dwell, stay.
    -9 To settle, fix.
    -1 To stand firm, to persist in.
    -11 To know; अवसेयाश्च कार्याणि धर्मेण पुरवासिनाम् Bk.19.
    -12 To get, attain to, reach. -Caus.
    1 To cause to be completed, finish, complete; अथ विधिमवसाय्य शास्त्रदृष्टम् R. 5.76.
    -2 To understand, comprehend; अवसाययितुं क्षमाः सुखम् Ki.2.29.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अवसो _avasō

  • 59 घन _ghana

    घन a. [इन् मूर्तौ अप् घनादेशश्च Tv.]
    1 Compact, firm, hard, solid; संजातश्च घनाघनः Māl.9.39.; नासा घनास्थिका Y.3.89; R.11.18.
    -2 Thick, close, dense; घनविरलभावः U.2.27; R.8.91; Amaru.59.
    -3 Thick-set, full, fully developed (as breasts); घटयति सुघने कुचयुगगगने मृगमदरुचि रूषिते Gīt.7; अगुरु-चतुष्कं भवति गुरू द्वौ घनकुचयुग्मे शशिवदना$सौ Śrut.8; Bh.1.8; Amaru.31.
    -4 Deep (as sound); दधानः सौधानामलघुषु निकुञ्जेषु घनताम् Māl.2.12; Mu.1.21.
    -5 Uninterrupted, permanent.
    -6 Impenetrable.
    -7 Great, excessive, violent.
    -8 Complete; अभ्यङ्गभङ्ग्या पापस्य न्यस्तं घनमपश्यतः Ks.4.53.
    -9 Auspicious, fortu- nate.
    -1 Coarse, gross.
    -11 Engrossed by, full or re- plete with; मा ते मलीमसविकारघना मतिर्भूत् Māl.1.32; निर्वृति˚ U.6.11.
    -नः A cloud; घनोदयः प्राक् तदनन्तरं पयः Ś.7.3; घनरुचिरकलापो निःसपत्नो$स्य जातः V.4.22.
    -2 An iron club, a mace; प्रतिजघान घनैरिव मुष्टिभिः Ki.18.1.
    -3 The body.
    -4 The cube of a number (in math.).
    -5 Ex- tension, diffusion.
    -6 A collection, multitude, quantity, mass, assemblage.
    -7 Talc.
    -8 Phlegm.
    -9 Any com- pact mass or substance.
    -1 Hardness, firmness.
    -11 A particular manner of reciting Vedic texts: thus the padas नमः रुद्रेभ्यः ये repeated in this manner would stand thus:-- नमो रुद्रेभ्यो रुद्रेभ्यो नमो नमो रुद्रेभ्यो ये ये रुद्रेभ्यो नमो नमो रुद्रेभ्यो ये.
    -नम् 1 A cymbal, a bell, a gong.
    -2 Iron.
    -3 Tin.
    -4 Skin, rind, bark.
    -5 A mode of dancing; (neither quick nor slow). ind. closely; घटयति घनं कण्ठा- श्लेषे रसान्न पयोधरौ Ratn.3.9.
    -Com. -अत्ययः, -अन्तः 'disappearance of the cloud', the season succeeding the rains, autumn (शरद्); घनव्यपायेन गभस्तिमानिव R.3.37.
    -अज्ञानी N. of Durgā.
    -अम्बु n. rain; घनाम्बुभिर्भूरि विलम्बिनो घनाः Subhās.
    -आकरः the rainy season.
    -आगमः, -उदयः 'the approach of clouds', the rainy season; घनागमः कामिजनप्रियः प्रिये Ṛs.2.1.
    -आमयः the date-tree.
    -आश्रयः the atmosphere, firmament.
    -उत्तमः the face.
    -उदधिः a parti- cular sea (hell ?).
    -उपलः hail.
    -ऊरू a woman having thick thighs; कुरु घनोरु पदानि शनैः शनैः Ve.2.2.
    -ओघः gathering of clouds.
    -कफः hail.
    -कालः the rainy season.
    -क्षम a. what may be hammered; Bhāvapr. 5.26.53.
    -गर्जितम् 1 thunder, peal or thundering noise of clouds, roar of thunder.
    -2 a deep loud roar.
    -गोलकः alloy of gold and silver.
    -घनः the cube of a cube.
    -जम्बाल thick mire.
    -ज्वाला lightning.
    -तालः a kind of bird (सारंग).
    -तोलः the Chātaka bird.
    -धातुः lymph.
    -ध्वनि a. roaring.
    (-निः) 1 a deep or low tone.
    -2 the muttering of thunder clouds; अनुहुंकुरुते घनध्वनिं न हि गोमायुरुतानि केशरी Śi.16.25.
    -नाभिः smoke (being supposed to be a principal ingredient in clouds; Me.5).
    -नीहारः thick hoar-frost or mist.
    -पदम् the cube root.
    -पदवी 'the path of clouds', firmament, sky; क्रामद्भिर्घनपदवीमनेकसंख्यैः Ki.5.34.
    -पाषण्डः a peacock.
    -फलम् (in geom.) the solid or cubical contents of a body or of an excavation.
    -मानम् the measurement by the exterior of a structure; Māna. 39-64.
    -मूलम् cube root (in math.)
    -रसः 1 thick juice.
    -2 extract, decoction.
    -3 camphor.
    -4 water (m. or n.).
    -रूपा candied sugar.
    -वरम् the face.
    -वर्गः the square of a cube, the sixth power (in math).
    -वर्त्मन् n. the sky; घनवर्त्म सहस्रधेव कुर्वन् Ki.5.17.
    -वल्लिका, -वल्ली lightning.
    -वाच् a raven.
    -वातः 1 a thick op- pressive breeze or air.
    -2 N. of a hell; Jaina.
    -वीथिः the sky; घनवीथिवीथिमवतीर्णवतः Śi.9.32.
    -शब्दः thunder, peal of thunder.
    -वासः a kind of pumpkin gourd.
    -वाहनः 1 Śiva.
    -2 Indra.
    -श्याम a. 'dark like a cloud', deep-black, dark. (
    -मः) an epithet (1) of Rain (2) of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -संवृत्तिः profound secrecy.
    -समयः the rainy season.
    -सारः 1 camphor; घनसारनीहारहार &c. Dk.1 (mentioned among white substances).
    -2 mercury.
    -3 water.
    -4 a big cloud; घनसारस्तु कर्पूरे महामेघे च चन्दने Nm.
    -स्वनः, -शब्दः, -रवः the roaring of clouds.
    -हस्त- संख्या the contents of an excavation or of a solid in math.).

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > घन _ghana

  • 60 བསྒྲུབ་

    [bsgrub]
    make a reality of, accomplish, make ready, approach, complete, -> sgrub pa, bsnyen pa

    Tibetan-English dictionary > བསྒྲུབ་

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