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61 Junkers, Hugo
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 3 February 1859 Rheydt, Germanyd. 3 February 1935 Munich, Germany[br]German aircraft designer, pioneer of all-metal aircraft, including the world's first real airliner.[br]Hugo Junkers trained as an engineer and in 1895 founded the Junkers Company, which manufactured metal products including gas-powered hot-water heaters. He was also Professor of Thermodynamics at the high school in Aachen. The visits to Europe by the Wright brothers in 1908 and 1909 aroused his interest in flight, and in 1910 he was granted a patent for a flying wing, i.e. no fuselage and a thick wing which did not require external bracing wires. Using his sheet-metal experience he built the more conventional Junkers J 1 entirely of iron and steel. It made its first flight in December 1915 but was rather heavy and slow, so Junkers turned to the newly available aluminium alloys and built the J 4 bi-plane, which entered service in 1917. To stiffen the thin aluminium-alloy skins, Junkers used corrugations running fore and aft, a feature of his aircraft for the next twenty years. Incidentally, in 1917 the German authorities persuaded Junkers and Fokker to merge, but the Junkers-Fokker Company was short-lived.After the First World War Junkers very rapidly converted to commercial aviation, and in 1919 he produced a single-engined low-wing monoplane capable of carrying four passengers in an enclosed cabin. The robust all-metal F 13 is generally accepted as being the world's first airliner and over three hundred were built and used worldwide: some were still in service eighteen years later. A series of low-wing transport aircraft followed, of which the best known is the Ju 52. The original version had a single engine and first flew in 1930; a three-engined version flew in 1932 and was known as the Ju 52/3m. This was used by many airlines and served with the Luftwaffe throughout the Second World War, with almost five thousand being built.Junkers was always ready to try new ideas, such as a flap set aft of the trailing edge of the wing that became known as the "Junkers flap". In 1923 he founded a company to design and manufacture stationary diesel engines and aircraft petrol engines. Work commenced on a diesel aero-engine: this flew in 1929 and a successful range of engines followed later. Probably the most spectacular of Junkers's designs was his G 38 airliner of 1929. This was the world's largest land-plane at the time, with a wing span of 44 m (144 ft). The wing was so thick that some of the thirty-four passengers could sit in the wing and look out through windows in the leading edge. Two were built and were frequently seen on European routes.[br]Bibliography1923, "Metal aircraft construction", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, London.Further ReadingG.Schmitt, 1988, Hugh Junkers and His Aircraft, Berlin.1990, Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I, London: Jane's (provides details of Junkers's aircraft).J.Stroud, 1966, European Transport Aircraft since 1910, London.P. St J.Turner and H.J.Nowarra, 1971, Junkers: An Aircraft Album, London.JDS -
62 gage
1) средство (для) измерений; (контрольно-)измерительный прибор; измеритель; (контрольно-)измерительный инструмент; измерительное устройство || измерять2) калибр; мера; размер; сортамент; толщина ( листового металла); диаметр ( проволоки или винта)3) поверять; калибровать; градуировать4) шаблон; лекало5) эталон6) датчик, (первичный) измерительный преобразователь7) манометр; вакуумметр, вакуумный манометр8) гидр. уровнемер; водомер10) матем. калибр ( топологического пространства)11) номер сита12) маяк, правило ( при устройстве асфальтобетонного или бетонного покрытия)13) рейсмус || размечать с помощью рейсмуса16) колея, ширина колеи18) гейч ( вязальной машины)19) класс ( трикотажной машины)•to encase strain gage in cement — изготавливать тензодатчик в плёнке клея;to keep material on gage — поддерживать параметры материала (напр. толщину) в заданных пределах;to mount strain gage — устанавливать тензодатчик;to reverse a gage — менять меру (напр. длины) концами;gage with metric scale — индикатор с метрической шкалой-
absolute gage
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absolute vacuum gage
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acceptance gage
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accumulative precipitation gage
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acoustical strain gage
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acoustic strain gage
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active strain gage
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adjustable gage
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adjustable rail gage
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adjuster gage
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adzing gage
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AE gage
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Agir water gage
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air filter vacuum gage
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air gage
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air pressure gage
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air restriction gage
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air-operated gage
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alarm pressure gage
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alcohol gage
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American wire gage
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angular gage
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auxiliary staff gage
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back gage
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ball gage
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ball plug gage
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battery gage
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Bayard-Alpert gage
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bayonet gage
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bellows gage
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belt strand tension gage
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bench gage
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beta-absorption gage
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beta gage
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Birmingham wire gage
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block gage
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bonded strain gage
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bottom-hole pressure gage
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Bourdon pressure gage
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box gage
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brine gage
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broad based depth gage
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broad gage
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bubble gage
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buoyant-element level gage
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butt gage
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caliper gage
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cap gage
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capacitance strain gage
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capacitance gage
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center gage
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charge gage
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check gage
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circumferential strain gage
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clapboard gage
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clearance gage
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cold-cathode ionization gage
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Collins flow gage
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comb gage
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combination gage
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combined pressure gage
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compression gage
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concentricity gage
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consistency gage
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contact gage
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contact pressure gage
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contour gage
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control gage
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convergence gage
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counter gage
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crankshaft gage
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curve gage
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cutting gage
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damped pressure gage
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deadweight gage
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deep-sea tsunami gage
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density gage
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depth gage
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dew gage
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dial bore gage
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dial gage
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diametral gage
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diaphragm pressure gage
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differential pressure gage
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differential vacuum gage
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digital pressure gage
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digital weighing gage
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dimension gage
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direct pressure gage
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direct-measuring gage
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direct-reading gage
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discharge gage
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downhole casing wall thickness gage
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draft gage
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drainage gage
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draught gage
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drift diameter pipe gage
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drilling bit gage
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dual boost gage
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dummy strain gage
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edge-reading gage
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elastic-element pressure gage
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electrical resistance strain gage
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electrical strain gage
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electrical temperature gage
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electrically heated snow gage
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electrical-type strain gage
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electromagnetic strain gage
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end gage
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engine coolant level gage
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evapotranspiration gage
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extended track position gage
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external gage
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external strain gage
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fast-response gage
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fast gage
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feeler gage
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female gage
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fillet gage
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film gage
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fixed river gage
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flat-ended gage
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flatness gage
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flexible gage
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float gage
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flood gage
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flow gage
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flowmeter pressure gage
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fluid content gage
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foil strain gage
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force gage
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force-feedback gage
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frame gage
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free-piston gage
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fuel level gage
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fuel pressure gage
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fuel quantity gage
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gamma-absorption gage
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gap gage
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gas density gage
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gas gage
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gasoline gage
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general-purpose pressure gage
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glass gage
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go gage
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go-no-go gage
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grinding gage
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grouser height depth gage
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hardness gage
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high-water gage
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hook gage
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horseshoe gage
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hose skiving gage
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hot-cathode ionization gage
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hot-cathode magnetron gage
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inclined staff gage
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indentation depth gage
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indicating gage
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inductance strain gage
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industrial gage
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inprocess gage
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inside gage
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inspection gage
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integral pressure gage
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internal gage
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ionization gage
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ion gage
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ionization pressure gage
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irradiated fuel assay gage
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jaw gage
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Johansson gage
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joint clearance gage
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keyway gage
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Knudsen gage
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laser gage
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laser rain gage
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lead gage
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length gage
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level difference gage
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level gage
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lever gage
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lever-type piston gage
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limit gage
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limit plug gage
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line gage
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line space gage
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liquid level gage
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loading gage
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low-water gage
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magnetron gage
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male gage
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manometer gage
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marking gage
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master gage
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McLeod gage
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mechanical pressure gage
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mechanical strain gage
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mechanical temperature gage
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mercurial gage
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metal-film strain gage
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metric gage
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micrometer gage
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micropressure gage
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milk gage
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modulator ionization gage
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moire strain gage
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molecular gage
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mortise gage
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multichecking indicator gage
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must gage
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narrow gage
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needle gage
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no-go gage
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noncontact gage
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normal gage
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nude gage
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nude-ion gage
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oil circulation gage
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oil gage
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oil pressure gage
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oil temperature gage
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oil-depth gage
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optical flat gage
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optical rain gage
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optical strain gage
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packing gage
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paper gage
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paper sheet gage
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paper-backed strain gage
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parallel slip gage
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partial pressure gage
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partial-pressure vacuum gage
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Penning pressure gage
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perforation gage
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petrol gage
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Philips gage
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photoelastic strain gage
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piezoelectric strain gage
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piezoresistive strain gage
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pin gage
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pipe gage
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Pirani gage
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piston gage
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pit rain gage
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Pitot tube gage
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Pitot gage
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plug gage
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pneumatic gage
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pneumatic strain gage
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point gage
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pointer gage
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position gage
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postprocess gage
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postyield strain gage
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precipitation gage
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precision gage
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pressure gage
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pressure tide gage
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pressure-recording gage
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pressure-vacuum compound recording gage
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pressure-vacuum gage
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primary gage
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production gage
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profile gage
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quartz gage
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radioactive gage
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radioactive ionization gage
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radioisotope snow gage
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radiometer pressure gage
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radiometer vacuum gage
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radius gage
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rail gage
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rain gage
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recording rain gage
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Redhead gage
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reed gage
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reference gage
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reference water gage
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regular pressure gage
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remote rain gage
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resistance strain gage
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resistivity gage
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resonance gage
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retracted track position gage
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reuse gage
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ring gage
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ring seal gage
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river gage
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rod gage
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rosette-type strain gage
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roundness gage
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rubber gage
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sagitta gage
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sampling gage
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saw gage
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screw pitch gage
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sea gage
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section gage
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sectional staff gage
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seepage gage
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self-balancing strain gage
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self-temperature-compensating gage
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semiconductor strain gage
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setting gage
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setup gage
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sheet metal gage
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sheet gage
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shifting gage
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siding gage
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sight gage
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sight level gage
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silphon gage
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single-end gage
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single-head gage
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size gage
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slanting hole rain gage
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slant-tube gage
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slide gage
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slip gage
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sloping gage
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slur gage
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smoke gage
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snap gage
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snow gage
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snow-depth gage
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snow-drift gage
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soil rain gage
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sonic gage
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spherical-ended gage
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spherical-piston gage
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spindle-mounted strain gage
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spindle strain gage
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staff gage
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stage gage
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standard gage
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standard test gage
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standard wire gage
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stepped plug gage
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strain gage
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stream gage
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stress gage
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strip gage
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subsurface water gage
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suction gage
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suppressor ionization gage
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surface finish gage
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surface gage
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Swedish gage
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tank-level gage
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tank gage
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taper gage
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temperature gage
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template gage
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test gage
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thermal conductivity gage
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thermal gage
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thermistor gage
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thermistor vacuum gage
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thermocouple vacuum gage
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thickness dial gage
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thickness gage
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thread gage
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tide gage
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tilt and runout gage
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tipping-bucket rain gage
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tire depth gage
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toe-in gage
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tong torque gage
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tool-setting gage
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totalizer precipitation gage
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totalizer rain gage
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track gage
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track pitch gage
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track sag gage
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transducer gage
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tread depth gage
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tubing gage
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type-high gage
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unbonded strain gage
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unpacked-piston gage
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U-tube gage
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vacuum gage
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vacuum ionization gage
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vacuum pressure gage
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vacuum-backed piston gage
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valve lash gage
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velocity gage
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vernier depth gage
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vernier height gage
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vernier-caliper gage
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viscosity gage
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visual-indicating gage
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volt gage
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water level gage
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wave gage
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wear-and-tear gage
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weather gage
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weighing-type rain and snow gage
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weir gage
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weldable strain gage
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wide gage
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wind gage
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wine-level gage
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wire feeler gage
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wire gage
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wire strain gage
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wire-weight gage
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working gage
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X-ray gage
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X-ray thickness gage -
63 mixture
1) смесь2) смешение, смешивание3) шихта5) пищ. состав, композиция•-
acetylating mixture
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additive mixture
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adhesive mixture
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air-and-coal mixture
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air-and-fuel mixture
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air-coal mixture
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air-flue gas mixture
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air-flue mixture
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air-fuel mixture
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air-petrol mixture
-
air-steam mixture
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air-vapor mixture
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ammonia-water mixture
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azeotropic mixture
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base mixture
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batch mixture
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borderline mixture
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brazing mixture
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ceramic mixture
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charge mixture
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clay mixture
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close-boiling mixture
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coal-liquid mixture
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coal-methanol-water mixture
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coal-oil mixture
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coal-water mixture
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coating mixture
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cold-patch mixture
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combustible mixture
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constant boiling mixture
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cooling mixture
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core sand mixture
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deflagrating mixture
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detonating mixture
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earthenware mixture
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enrichment mixture
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equivalent mixture
-
eutectic mixture
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explosive mixture
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filler mixture
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fish-salt mixture
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freezing mixture
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frigorific mixture
-
fuel mixture
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full lean mixture
-
fusion mixture
-
gas mixture
-
gas-oil mixture
-
gasoline antifreeze mixture
-
gas-vapor mixture
-
glass mixture
-
gun mixture
-
high-boiling mixture
-
intimate mixture
-
kerosene-oil mixture
-
lean mixture
-
liquid-gas bubble mixture
-
liquid-vapor mixture
-
low-boiling mixture
-
maximum-speed mixture
-
methane-air mixture
-
noconstant boiling mixture
-
oil-hydrogen mixture
-
oil-wax mixture
-
oily mixture
-
overrich mixture
-
oxygen-air mixture
-
peat-alcohol mixture
-
peat-oil mixture
-
persorption mixture
-
petroleum coke-water mixture
-
plastic mixture
-
poor mixture
-
porcelain mixture
-
propane-air mixture
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ramming mixture
-
rare mixture
-
refractory mixture
-
rich mixture
-
salt-ice mixture
-
sand-phenolic-resin mixture
-
sand-resin mixture
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saturated air mixture
-
self-inflammable mixture
-
stratified mixture
-
superrich mixture
-
tamping mixture
-
tar-dolomite rammed mixture
-
test mixture
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thin mixture
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viscous mixture
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water-steam mixture
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weak mixture
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weakest mixture
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working mixture -
64 all-aluminium
прил.целиком из алюминияполностью алюминиевыйThese lightweight, all-aluminium Ford EcoBoost engines combine three technologies - a centrally-mounted high-pressure direct injection system, low-inertia turbocharging and twin independent variable cam timing to create an advanced combustion system which brings new levels of performance and fuel efficiency to petrol engines in this power range.
Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > all-aluminium
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65 twin independent variable cam timing
авто двойная независимая регулируемая установка фаз клапанного распределения (угла впрыска)*These lightweight, all-aluminium Ford EcoBoost engines combine three technologies - a centrally-mounted high-pressure direct injection system, low-inertia turbocharging and twin independent variable cam timing to create an advanced combustion system which brings new levels of performance and fuel efficiency to petrol engines in this power range. — Эти облегчённые, полностью алюминиевые двигатели Ford EcoBoost комбинируют три технологии — центрально установленную систему прямого впрыска под высоким давлением, низкоинерционный турбонаддув и двойную независимую регулируемую установку фаз клапанного распределения (угла впрыска), чтобы создать продвинутую систему сгорания, которая дает бензиновым двигателям этого диапазона мощностей новые уровни производительности и топливной экономичности.
Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > twin independent variable cam timing
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66 twin independent variable camshaft timing
авто двойная независимая регулируемая установка фаз клапанного распределения (угла впрыска)*These lightweight, all-aluminium Ford EcoBoost engines combine three technologies - a centrally-mounted high-pressure direct injection system, low-inertia turbocharging and twin independent variable cam timing to create an advanced combustion system which brings new levels of performance and fuel efficiency to petrol engines in this power range. — Эти облегчённые, полностью алюминиевые двигатели Ford EcoBoost комбинируют три технологии — центрально установленную систему прямого впрыска под высоким давлением, низкоинерционный турбонаддув и двойную независимую регулируемую установку фаз клапанного распределения (угла впрыска), чтобы создать продвинутую систему сгорания, которая дает бензиновым двигателям этого диапазона мощностей новые уровни производительности и топливной экономичности.
Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > twin independent variable camshaft timing
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67 price
1. noun1) (the amount of money for which a thing is or can be bought or sold; the cost: The price of the book was $10.) precio2) (what one must give up or suffer in order to gain something: Loss of freedom is often the price of success.) precio
2. verb1) (to mark a price on: I haven't priced these articles yet.) poner/marcar el precio (de)2) (to find out the price of: He went into the furniture shop to price the beds.) informarse del precio (de)•- pricey
- at a price
- beyond/without price
price n preciowhat is the price of this car? ¿qué precio tiene este coche?tr[praɪs]■ what's the price of this jacket? ¿qué precio tiene esta chaqueta?2 figurative use (cost, sacrifice) precio\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat a price a un precio caroat any price a toda costa, cueste lo que cueste, a cualquier precionot at any price por nada del mundoto go down in price bajar de precioto go up in price subir de precioto pay a high price for something pagar algo muy caro,-ato price oneself out of the market perder clientes por poner precios muy altosprice control control nombre masculino de preciosprice list lista de preciosprice reduction descuento, rebajaprice tag etiquetaset price precio fijoprice n: precio mpeace at any price: la paz a toda costan.• costa s.f.• coste s.m.• costo s.m.• cotización s.f.• curso s.m.• importe s.m.• precio s.m.v.• fijar el precio de v.• tarifar v.• tasar v.• valorar v.
I praɪs1) (Busn, Fin) precio m; ( of stocks) cotización f, precio mthey're the same price — valen or cuestan lo mismo
at a price of £80 — por 80 libras
accommodation is available, at o for a price — es posible encontrar alojamiento, pero sale or cuesta caro
to go up/down in price — subir/bajar de precio
I'll take the job, if the price is right — aceptaré el trabajo si (me) pagan bien; (before n)
price list — lista f de precios
price rise — subida f or (RPl tb) suba f de precios
2) (cost, sacrifice) precio mthey want peace at any price — quieren la paz cueste lo que cueste or a toda costa
not at any price! — de ningún modo!, por nada del mundo!
what price peace? — ¿va a ser posible lograr la paz?
to pay a/the price for something — pagar* caro algo
that's a small price to pay for independence — bien vale la pena ese sacrificio para ser independiente
3) ( value) (liter) precio mit's beyond o without price — no tiene precio, es invalorable
II
a) ( fix price of) (often pass)it was originally priced at over $300 — su precio original era de más de 300 dólares
they have priced themselves out of the market — han subido tanto los precios que se han quedado sin compradores (or clientes etc)
b) ( mark price on) ponerle* el precio a[praɪs]1. N1) (Comm) precio mthat's my price, take it or leave it — eso es lo que pido, o lo tomas o lo dejas
•
you can get it at a price — se puede conseguir, pero pagandoat a reduced price — a (un) precio reducido, con rebaja
•
it is beyond price — no tiene precio•
for a price, he'll do it for a price — él lo hará, pero será caro, lo hará si le paganhe would kill a man for the price of a packet of cigarettes — mataría a un hombre por el precio de una cajetilla de tabaco
two for the price of one — (lit, fig) dos al or por el precio de uno
•
can you give me a price for putting in a new window? — ¿cuánto me cobraría usted por colocar una ventana nueva?•
he got a good price for it — sacó una buena suma por ello•
everyone has their price — todos tenemos un precio•
to name one's price — fijar el precio, decir cuánto se quiere•
to put a price on sth — poner precio a algo•
if the price is right, he is prepared to make a comeback if the price is right — está dispuesto a volver si se le paga bienas long as the price is right, property will sell — si está a un buen precio, la propiedad se vende
closing 2., cut-price, fixed 2., half-price, retail 5.•
what price all his promises now? — iro ¿de qué sirven todas sus promesas ahora?2) (Econ, St Ex) (=quotation) cotización f3) (Betting) (=odds) puntos mpl de ventajawhat price she'll change her mind? — ¿qué apuestas a que cambia de opinión?
what price war? — ¿qué apuestas a que estallará la guerra?
4) (=sacrifice) precio mthat's the price we have to pay for progress, that's the price of progress — es el precio que tenemos que pagar por el progreso
to pay the price (for sth) — cargar con or pagar las consecuencias (de algo)
•
fame comes at a price — la fama se paga carahe's famous now, but at what a price! — ahora es famoso, ¡pero a qué precio! or ¡pero lo ha pagado caro!
they want peace at any price — quieren la paz a toda costa (with negative)
a concert I wasn't going to miss at any price — un concierto que no me iba a perder por nada del mundo
•
that's a small price to pay for independence/for keeping him happy — eso es poco sacrificio a cambio de la independencia/de tenerlo contento2. VT1) (=fix price of)retailers usually price goods by adding 100% to the wholesale price — los minoristas normalmente ponen precio a sus productos añadiendo un cien por cien al precio de coste, los minoristas normalmente cargan un cien por cien al precio de coste de sus productos
tickets, priced £20, are now available — las entradas ya están a la venta a un precio de 20 libras
it was priced too high/low — su precio era demasiado alto/bajo
this stylish fryer, competitively priced at £29.99, can help you create new dishes — por solo £29.99, esta elegante freidora puede ayudarle a crear nuevos platos
•
there is a very reasonably priced menu — hay un menú a un precio muy razonable- price sb out of the marketthe restaurant has priced itself out of the market — el restaurante ha subido demasiado los precios y ha perdido su competitividad en el mercado
you'll price yourself out of a job if you go on demanding so much money — como sigas exigiendo tanto dinero, pondrás en peligro tu trabajo
2) (=label with price)the tins of salmon weren't clearly priced — el precio de la latas de salmón no estaba claro or claramente indicado
•
it was priced at £15 — estaba marcado a un precio de 15 libras3) (=estimate value of) calcular el valor de•
it was priced at £1,000 — estaba valorado en mil libras4) (=find out price of) comprobar el precio de3.CPDprice bracket N —
he's looking for a property in the £70,000 price bracket — está buscando una vivienda que cueste alrededor de las setenta mil libras
that is the normal price bracket for one of his creations — ese es el precio normal de or eso es lo que se paga normalmente por una de sus creaciones
a traditional restaurant in the middle price bracket — un restaurante tradicional con precios de un nivel medio (dentro de la escala)
price control N — control m de precios
price cutting N — reducción f de precios
price-earnings ratio N — (Econ) relación f precio ganancias
price fixing N — fijación f de precios
price freeze N — congelación f de precios
price increase N — subida f de precio
consumer 2.price index N — (Brit) índice m de precios
price inflation N — inflación f de los precios
price level N — nivel m de precios
price limit N — tope m, precio m tope
price list N — lista f de precios
price point N — rango m de precios
no price point exists for the machine yet — todavía no se ha establecido ningún rango de precios para la máquina
price range N —
there are lots of good products in all price ranges — hay gran cantidad de productos de buena calidad en una amplia gama de precios
in the medium or middle price range — dentro de un nivel medio de la escala de precios
the upper/lower end of the price range — el nivel más alto/bajo en la escala de precios
(with)in/out of one's price range — dentro de/fuera de las posibilidades de uno
price rigging N — fijación f fraudulenta de precios
price ring N — cártel m (para la fijación de precios)
price rise N — = price increase
prices and incomes policy N — política f de precios y salarios, política f de precios y rentas
price support N — subsidio m de precios
price tag N — (lit) etiqueta f (del precio); (fig) precio m
it doesn't justify the price tag of £17.5 million — no justifica un precio de 17,5 millones de libras
- price up* * *
I [praɪs]1) (Busn, Fin) precio m; ( of stocks) cotización f, precio mthey're the same price — valen or cuestan lo mismo
at a price of £80 — por 80 libras
accommodation is available, at o for a price — es posible encontrar alojamiento, pero sale or cuesta caro
to go up/down in price — subir/bajar de precio
I'll take the job, if the price is right — aceptaré el trabajo si (me) pagan bien; (before n)
price list — lista f de precios
price rise — subida f or (RPl tb) suba f de precios
2) (cost, sacrifice) precio mthey want peace at any price — quieren la paz cueste lo que cueste or a toda costa
not at any price! — de ningún modo!, por nada del mundo!
what price peace? — ¿va a ser posible lograr la paz?
to pay a/the price for something — pagar* caro algo
that's a small price to pay for independence — bien vale la pena ese sacrificio para ser independiente
3) ( value) (liter) precio mit's beyond o without price — no tiene precio, es invalorable
II
a) ( fix price of) (often pass)it was originally priced at over $300 — su precio original era de más de 300 dólares
they have priced themselves out of the market — han subido tanto los precios que se han quedado sin compradores (or clientes etc)
b) ( mark price on) ponerle* el precio a -
68 allowance
noun1) Zuteilung, die; (money for special expenses) Zuschuss, deryour luggage allowance is 44 kg. — Sie haben 44 kg Freigepäck
tax allowance — Steuerfreibetrag, der
2)make allowances for something/somebody — etwas/jemanden berücksichtigen
* * *1) (a fixed sum or quantity given regularly: His father made him an allowance of $20 a month.) die finanzielle Zuwendung2) (something (usually a quantity) allowed: This dress pattern has a seam allowance of 1 cm.) die Toleranz* * *al·low·ance[əˈlaʊən(t)s]nbaggage \allowance zulässiges Gepäckcost-of-living \allowance Teuerungszulage fentertainment \allowance Aufwandsentschädigung fmileage \allowance Kilometerpauschale ftravel \allowance Reisekostenzuschuss mtax \allowance Steuerfreibetrag mannual depreciation [or write-down] \allowance jährlicher Abschreibungsbetragcapital \allowances Abschreibungsbeträge pl aufgrund von Aufwendungen für Anlagegüterpersonal \allowance persönlicher [Steuer]freibetrag3. no pl (for student) Ausbildungsbeihilfe f; esp AM Stipendium nt SCHWEIZ, ÖSTERR; (pocket money) Taschengeld nt; FIN (provision)4. (prepare for)to make [an] \allowance for sth etw bedenken [o einkalkulieren]to make \allowances for a fact eine Tatsache berücksichtigento make \allowances for sb mit jdm nachsichtig sein, jdn entschuldigen* * *[ə'laʊəns]n1) finanzielle Unterstützung; (paid by state) Beihilfe f; (parent to child) Unterhaltsgeld nt; (as compensation, for unsociable hours, overseas allowance etc) Zulage f; (on business trip) Spesen pl; (= spending money) Taschengeld ntpetrol allowance (Brit) — Benzingeld nt
his father still gives him an allowance —
he gives his wife a dress allowance — er gibt seiner Frau einen Zuschuss zu den Kleidungskosten
he gave her an allowance of £100 a month — er stellte ihr monatlich £ 100 zur Verfügung
2) (FIN: tax allowance) Freibetrag m3) (FIN, COMM: discount) (Preis)nachlass m (on für); (= quantity allowed for shrinkage etc) Zugabe f4) (= acceptance of goal, claim, appeal) Anerkennung f5) Zugeständnisse plto make allowances for sb —
* * *allowance [əˈlaʊəns]A s1. a) Erlaubnis fb) Zuerkennung f, Bewilligung f, Zubilligung f, Gewährung f2. Anerkennung f3. a) Zuschuss m:allowance for rent Wohngeld nb) US Taschengeld n4. Vergütung f5. a) Nachlass m, Rabatt mb) Br (Steuer) Freibetrag m6. make allowances nachsichtig sein;7. MATH, TECH Toleranz f, zulässige Abweichung, Spiel(raum) n(m)8. SPORT Vorgabe fB v/ta) jemanden auf Rationen setzenb) Güter rationieren* * *noun1) Zuteilung, die; (money for special expenses) Zuschuss, deryour luggage allowance is 44 kg. — Sie haben 44 kg Freigepäck
tax allowance — Steuerfreibetrag, der
2)make allowances for something/somebody — etwas/jemanden berücksichtigen
* * *n.Anerkennung f.Erlaubnis f.Zulage -n f.Zuschuss -e m.Zustimmung f. -
69 high-test
-
70 gas
gas [gæs]1. noun(plural gas(s)es)• to turn on/off the gas allumer/fermer le gaz3. compounds► gas guzzler (inf!) noun* * *[gæs] 1.1) gen, Chemistry gaz mto turn up/turn down the gas — augmenter/baisser le gaz
on a low/medium gas — à feu doux/moyen
2) ( anaesthetic) anesthésie f3) Military gaz m de combat4) US ( petrol) essence f5) (colloq) US (also gas pedal) accélérateur m2. 3.transitive verb (p prés etc - ss-) gen, Military gazer4.(colloq) intransitive verb GB ( chatter) papoter5.reflexive verb (p prés etc - ss-)Phrasal Verbs:- gas up•• -
71 high-test
1) ( meeting high standards) Qualitäts-;\high-test results Ergebnisse ntpl aus der Qualitätskontrolle2) ( low boiling point) -
72 burn
1. I1) coal (gas, wood, fire, etc.) burns уголь и т. д. горит; stone (damp wood, etc.) won't burn камень и т. д. не горит; tile house is.burning в доме пожар; дом в огне2) the milk (the fish, the sauce, etc.) has burnt молоко и т. д. подгорело; see to it that the meat does not burn смотри, чтобы не подгорело /не сгорело/ мясо3) pepper (mustard, etc.) burns перец и т. д. жжет /обжигает/ рот4) my hand (smb.'s face, the child's forehead, smb.'s head, the swollen ankle, the wound, etc.) is burning моя рука и т. д. горит; the patient is all burning больной в жару /весь горит/2. II1) burn in some manner burn well (gaily, cheerfully, quietly, dimly /dim/. glowingly, vigorously, furiously, etc.) хорошо и т. д. гореть; the fire is burning brightly /bright/ огонь ярко горит; burn easily легко загораться /воспламеняться/; paper burns easily бумага хорошо горит; lie lias a skin that burns easily у нero такая кожа, что он сразу обгорает; burn at some time burn all night гореть всю ночь; lights were burning far into the night свет горел далеко за полночь2) burn in some manner burn inwardly (ardently. radiantly, etc.) внутренне и т. д. пылать /гореть/3. III1) burn smth. burn paper (a letter, one's old toys, all one's things, a house,. the whole village, etc.) сжигать бумагу и т. д.; burn the carpet прожечь ковер; burn the fish (the cake, the milk, etc.) дать рыбе и т. д. подгореть; be careful not to burn the meat смотри, чтобы мясо не подгорело: some acids are strong enough to burn wood есть такие сильные кислоты, которые могут прожечь дерево; burn smb. burn witches (heretics, etc.) сжигать ведьм и т. д. id burn one's boats сжигать свои корабли; money burns his fingers =burn. деньги у него не задерживаются2) burn smth. burn tiles (clay, etc.) обжигать изразцы и т. д.3) burn smth. burn one's fingers (one's arm, the skin, etc.) обжигать пальцы и т. д.; pepper (this drink, mustard, etc.) burns my tongue (the throat, etc.) перец и т. д. жжет /обжигает/ мне язык и т. д.; be careful not to burn your mouth (your fingers, etc.) осторожнее, не обожги рот и т. д.4) burn smth. burn coal (wood, gas, oil, etc.) работать на угле и т. д., most steamships now burn oil instead of coal большинство пароходов работает теперь на нефти, а не на угле; this make of саг burns a great deal of petrol эта марка машины расходует много бензина4. IVburn smth. in some manner burn one's tongue (one's finger, etc.) badly сильно обжечь язык и т. д.; burn smth. at some time you've burnt the roast again ты опять сожгла жаркое, у тебя опять подгорело жаркое5. VIburn smth. to some extent burn the pie (the roast, the steak, etc.) black совсем /до угольев/ сжечь пирог и т. д; burn smb. in some manner burn people alive сжигать людей заживо6. VIIburn smth. to do smth. people used to burn candles to get light раньше жилье освещали свечами7. XI1) be burnt the soup (this meat, etc.) is burnt суп и т. д. подгорел; be burnt in some manner be terribly (badly, slightly, etc.) burnt быть сильно и т. д. обожженным, получить сильные ожоги, сильно подгореть; the ground was burnt hard by the sun от палящего солнца земля стала твердой /высохла/; get smth. burnt get one's fingers burnt a) обжечься, обжечь пальцы; 6) попасть /впутаться/ в неприятное положение; be (get) burnt on /about/ smth. get burnt on the hands (on the feet, etc.) получить ожог рук и т. д.; he is burnt about the face у него ожоги на лице /обожжено лицо/2) Ъе (get) burnt to death получить смертельные ожоги, умереть от ожогов; Joan of Arc was burnt to death [at the stake] Жанна Д'Арк была сожжена [на костре]3) be burnt out of smth. the Indians were burnt out, of the forest индейцев выкурили из леса8. XIIIburn to do smth. usually in the' Continuous be burning to tell the truth (to leave the place, etc.) сгорать от желания /нетерпения/ рассказать правду и т. д.9. XVburn in some manner burn low тлеть; the sidewalk is burning hot тротуар раскален; burn blue гореть синим пламенем; the potatoes have burnt black картошка совсем сгорела /сгорела дотла/10. XVI1) burn in smth. burn in the grate (in the fire, etc.) гореть в камине и т. д).; а light is burning in the window в окне горит свет; all lights were burning in the house в доме горели все лампы; burn with (without) smth. burn with a crackle (with a purple flame, with a dull light, without flame, without smoke, etc.) гореть потрескивая и т. д.2) burn to some state the pie (the fish, potatoes, etc.) burnt to a crisp пирог и т. д). совсем сгорел; the stake burnt to cinders от бифштекса остались одни угли3) burn with smth. usually in the Continmus be burning with shame (with impatience, with curiosity, etc.) сгорать от стыда и т. д., be burning with hatred (with desire, with enthusiasm. etc.) гореть ненавистью и т. д., be burning with anger (with rage, with wrath, etc.) кипеть от злости и r. д., burn with love (with passion, with ardour) пылать любовью и т. д.; he is burning with envy (with jealousy) его сжигает /гложет/ зависть (ревность); he is burning; with ambition (with pride, etc.) его обуревает честолюбие и т. д., they were burning with religious zeal ни обуяло религиозное рвение; burn with fever быть в жару, гореть в лихорадке; burn in smth. anger (hatred, etc.) burnt in his heart в его сердце кипела злоба и т. д.4) burn into (upon) smth. burn into smb.'s memory врезаться в чью-л. память; burn into (upon) smb.'s mind (into smb.'s soul) оставлять неизгладимый след в чьей-л. памяти (в чьей-л. душе); what he saw burnt into his soul то, что он увидел, запало ему в душу11. XVIIIburn oneself look out you'll burn yourself! осторожнее, [ты] обожжешься!; the child burnt itself badly playing with fire играя с огнем, ребенок получил сильные ожоги12. XIX1|| burn like matchwood (like tinder) =burn гореть как солома13. XXI11) burn smth. in (on) smth. burn one's initials on a handle выжигать свой инициалы на ручке; burn a hole in a rug прожигать дыру в ковре; burn smth. to smth. burn a house (a building, a village, etc.) to the ground /to ashes/ сжигать дом и т. д. дотла; burn one's fingers to the bone сжигать пальцы до кости; burn the pie (the bacon, the steak, etc.) to cinders /to a crisp/ дать пирогу и т. д. сильно подгореть; burn smth., smb. on (at) smth. burn one's hand (one's finger, one's arm, etc.) on a hot iron обжечь руку и т. д. о горячий утюг; burn heretics (witches, etc.) at the stake сжигать еретиков и т. д. на костре2) burn smb. out of smth. burn soldiers out of a fort (people out of a house, a fox out of a hole, etc.) выкуривать солдат из крепости и т. д. -
73 unit
организационная единица; боевая единица (напр. корабль, ЛА танк); подразделение; часть; соединение; расчетно-снабженческая единица; секция; орган; элемент; комплект; агрегат; установка; см. тж. elementbulk petrol (transport) unit — Бр. часть [подразделение] подвоза наливного (бестарного) горючего
counter C3 unit — часть [подразделение] подавления системы оперативного управления и связи
Fleet Marine (Corps) reconnaissance unit — разведывательное подразделение [часть] флотских сил МП
multisensor (AA) firing unit 3PK — с приборным комплексом из нескольких систем обнаружения и сопровождения
photo (graphic) reconnaissance unit — фоторазведывательная часть [подразделение]
surface-launched unit, fuel air explosive — установка дистанционного разминирования объемным взрывом
surface-launched unit, mine — установка дистанционного минирования
tactical (air) control unit — часть [подразделение] управления ТА
war (time) strength (TOE) unit — часть, укомплектованная по штатам военного времени
— air unit— ASA unit— BM unit— border operation unit— car unit— depot support unit— dry unit— EW unit— GM unit— host country unit— HQ unit— logistics support unit— manpack radio unit— marksmanship training unit— mechanized infantry unit— missile-armed unit— nuclear weapon unit— provisional unit— QM unit— Rangers unit— supported unit— TOE unit— transportation unit— truck transport unit— van unit— wet unit* * *1) часть; 2) единица -
74 bus
автобус; грузовой автомобиль для перевозки людей; эл. шина; канал передачи информации- bus bar- bus bay- bus body- bus chassis - bus column - bus controller - bus division - bus duct - bus engine - bus exchange - bus fleet - bus for town service - bus gangway - bus glider door - bus grabber - bus lane - bus lay-by - bus-only lane - bus ramp - bus route - bus shelter - bus station - bus stop - bus table - bus terminal - bus transport - bus with rear entrance - bus with side entrance - airport bus - city bus - conductorless bus - crowded bus - crown-riding bus - deck-and-one-half bus - diesel-electric bus - double-articulated bus - double-deck bus - double-deck top covered bus - double-decker bus - electric bus - electric battery bus - frameless bus - gasoline-electric bus - highway post-office bus - hotel bus - integral bus - intercity bus - interurban bus - limited-stop bus - local-service bus - low-floor bus - mail bus - metropolitan type bus - mid-engined bus - multiplex bus - municipal bus - non-stop bus - observation bus - oil-engined bus - one-man bus - one-man operation bus - open bus - pay-as-you-board bus - pay-as-you-enter bus - petrol-electric bus - rail bus - school bus - service bus - sightseeing bus - single-deck bus - single-decker bus - sleeper bus - stander bus - suburban bus - suburban-service bus - three-power bus - tourist bus - town bus - town-service bus - trackless trolley bus - train bus - transit bus - transit-type bus - trolley-bus - twin-deck bus - two-men bus - two-men operation bus - two-power bus - underfloor-engined bus - urban bus - wagon-body bus - waggon-body bus - wagon-type bus -
75 chamber
камера; полость; комната; отсек; коробка; футляр; отсек; баллон; II простреливать (шпур или скважину); расширять (дно скважины); помещаться- chamber baking - chamber behind retarder piston - chamber charge - chamber drier - chamber drying - chamber filter press - chamber lifter - chamber pressure - chamber saturation - chamber space - chamber temperature - chamber test - chamber underground storage - chamber-type underground storage - acceleration chamber - acoustic chamber - aerotype float chamber - air-mixing chamber - air-ventilation chamber - anechoic chamber - baling chamber - bean combustion chamber - beater chamber - blending chamber - blowout chamber - bowl-in-piston combustion chamber - box-type combustion chamber - bubble chamber - burn-off chamber - bathtub chamber - can-type combustion chamber - cannular combustion chamber - carbon-settling chamber - carburetor diffuser chamber - catalyst chamber - cathode chamber - checker chamber - chopper chamber - climatic chamber - cloud chamber - coating chamber - collection chamber - combing chamber - compression chamber - conditioning chamber - cooling chamber - correction chamber - crank chamber - crimping chamber - crusher chamber - crushing chamber - curing chamber - cushion chamber - cutting chamber - cyclone combustion chamber - cylindrical runner chamber - damping chamber - decompression chamber - decontamination chamber - deposition chamber - degum the combustion chamber - delivery chamber - delivery air chamber - detritus chamber - diffuser chamber - diffusion cloud chamber - discharge chamber - divided combustion chamber - dozing chamber - draft tube gate chamber - drill chamber - drip chamber - dust chamber - dust collection chamber - dust precipitation chamber - drying chamber - echo chamber - electrical dust precipitation chamber - electrochemical machining chamber - electrode chamber - electrostatic paint chamber - elongated vibratory chamber - end fission chamber - environmental chamber - environmental test chamber - evacuated chamber - evaporation chamber - exhaust chamber - expansion chamber - explosion chamber - extinguishing chamber - fast ionization chamber - feed chamber - filtration chamber - firing chamber - flash chamber - flat fission chamber - float chamber - flush chamber - foam chamber - foam-collecting chamber - foam-mixing chamber - fog chamber - freezing chamber - fuel chamber - fuel-changing chamber - fuel injection chamber - fumigation chamber - gallery-simple-differential surge chamber - gas discharge chamber - gate chamber - governor chamber - grinding chamber - grit chamber - grizzly chamber - head combustion chamber - heating chamber - hemispherical combustion chamber - high-pressure chamber - humidifying chamber - ignition chamber - inspection chamber - inlet chamber - intake chamber - jet chamber - leak-detection chamber - loading chamber - low-pressure chamber - main combustion chamber - measuring chamber - melting chamber - mixing chamber - mixture chamber - moist chamber - monitor chamber - mud chamber - multidiaphragm brake chamber - nondivided combustion chamber - oil chamber - open combustion chamber - overflow chamber - pent-roof combustion chamber - petrol chamber - piston chamber - piston combustion chamber - piston retraction chamber - plain combustion chamber - plenum chamber - plenum mixing chamber - pneumatic surge chamber - polyspherical combustion chamber - power ionization chamber - precompression chamber - preheating chamber - preignition chamber - preplasticizing chamber - pressure chamber - pressure test chamber - pretest chamber - primary drying chamber - priming chamber - process chamber - processing chamber - pump chamber - quenching chamber - rapid temperature change chamber - rebound chamber - reducing chamber - refrigeration chamber - regenerative chamber - resonance chamber - resonant chamber - resonating chamber - reverberation chamber - reverse-flow combustion chamber - rotary spool chamber - runner chamber - salt-fog chamber - salt-spray chamber - scintillation chamber - sealed chamber - secondary drying chamber - setting chamber - setting box chamber - shielding chamber - sight chamber - silencing chamber - sound chamber - sound attenuating chamber - spherical segment combus-tion chamber - spring-loaded brake chamber - stripping chamber - stuffing box chamber - suction chamber - sustainer chamber - cruising chamber - swirl combustion chamber - thermal vacuum chamber - test chamber - toroidal combustion chamber - tubular combustion chamber - turbulence combustion chamber - ultra-high-vacuum chamber - vacuum chamber - valve chamber - vertical-vortex combustion chamber - vortex chamber - vortex combustion chamber - washing chamber - water chamber - wedge-section combustion chamber - well chamber -
76 gas
1. n физ. газ, газообразное вещество2. n светильный газ3. n горн. метан, рудничный газinfrared absorbing gas — газ, поглощающий инфракрасные лучи
4. n воен. газ, отравляющее вещество5. n веселящий газ; закись азота; эфир6. n уст. газовое освещение7. n амер. сл. бензин; газолин; топливоwet natural gas — природный газ, богатый бензином
gas fuel — газовое топливо, горючий газ
8. n разг. болтовня, бахвальство, трёп9. n мед. газы, ветры10. n сл. сногсшибательная шуткаwe did it for a gas — мы это просто так сделали, ради шутки
11. n сл. нечто потрясающее12. a газовый; газообразный13. v воен. поражать, заражать отравляющими веществами; производить химическое нападениеwar gas — боевое отравляющее вещество, БОВ
poison gas — ядовитый газ; отравляющее вещество
14. v наполнять, насыщать газомflue gas heater — нагреватель, работающий на дымовых газах
fixed gas — газ, не конденсирующийся в нормальных условиях
15. v выделять газconfined the gas over — собрал газ над; собранный газ над
16. v амер. разг. заправляться горючим17. v разг. болтать, трепаться; бахвалиться; нести вздор18. v сл. потрясти, произвести огромное впечатление; блеснутьJulie sang and she gassed me, she was that good — Джули так хорошо пела, я был просто потрясён
Синонимический ряд:1. effluvium (noun) effluvium; fume; miasma2. general anesthetic (noun) chloroform; ether; general anaesthetic; general anesthetic; laughing gas; nitrous oxide3. motor fuel (noun) diesel; fuel; gasohol; gasoline; motor fuel; petrol; petroleum; propellant4. poison gas (noun) agent orange; benzyl; hydrocyanic acid; incendiary gas; mustard gas; phosgene; poison gas; systemic poison; tear gas5. vapor (noun) air; carbon dioxide; fumes; gaseous mixture; helium; hydrogen; oxygen; vapor; vapour; volatile substanceАнтонимический ряд:liquid; solid -
77 gasoline
1. бензиновый; бензин; газолин2. газолин; бензин3. бензин; бензиновый; газобензиновыйСинонимический ряд:motor fuel (noun) diesel; gas; gasohol; motor fuel; petrol; petroleum; propellant -
78 point
1. n физ. стадия, критическая точка; температура2. n спец. точка, отметка; точка деленияpoint of reference — репер, отметка условного уровня
3. n мор. румбcardinal point — страна света; главный румб
4. n след, отметина5. n место, пункт, точкаassembly point — место сбора; сборный пункт
6. n полицейский пост7. n разг. станция; граница тарифного участка8. n момент9. n порог; край; грань10. n амер. единица, очко11. n талон; купон; единица продовольственной или промтоварной карточки12. n нужный результат, требуемое числоdecimal point — десятичная точка; точка в десятичном числе
13. n карт. очкоmatch point — очко, решающее исход матча
14. n одно из 12-ти делений на доске для игры в триктрак15. n место принимающего игрока16. n принимающий игрокsaluting point — место, трибуна для принимающего парад
17. n уровень, стандарт18. n степень, ступеньfrankness to the point of insult — откровенность, граничащая с оскорблением
to the point of — до такой степени; что
to the point that — до такой степени; что
19. n эл. точка присоединения потребляющего прибора; штепсельная розетка20. n пойнт21. n толщина бумагиконец; заключение
22. v указывать, показывать23. v указывать, выделять24. v указывать, обращать внимание; отмечать, подчёркиватьhe pointed out that there were certain formalities to be observed — он подчеркнул, что необходимо соблюсти некоторые формальности
point to the fact that — обращать внимание на то; что
25. v наводить, направлять; прицеливаться, целиться26. v быть обращённым, направленным; смотреть27. v указывать, свидетельствовать, говорить28. v иметь целью, стремиться29. v точить, заостритьsharpened a point — заострил; заостренный
30. v оживлять; заострять, придавать остроту31. v мор. обделывать конец «редькой»32. v мед. созревать33. v охот. делать стойкуto cede a point — сделать, допущение
34. v стр. расшивать швы кирпичной или каменной кладки35. v ставить знаки препинания36. v ставить точки37. v муз. делать разметкуto come directly to the point — подойти прямо к сути дела, без обиняков заговорить о главном
38. v делать паузы39. v отделять десятичную дробь точкойcondensation point — точка росы; температура конденсации
40. v мор. идти крутой бейдевинд41. v ставить ногу на пуанты42. v танцевать на пуантахa point, which has bothered us — вопрос, который нас беспокоил
43. v иск. переносить размеры с макета на камень44. v с. -х. закапывать в землю45. v метал. заострять, острить конец46. v редк. вставлять белые волоскиСинонимический ряд:1. case (noun) argument; case; reason2. characteristic (noun) birthmark; character; characteristic; feature; trait3. detail (noun) article; component; detail; element; item; particular; thing4. edge (noun) borderline; brink; edge; threshold; verge5. end (noun) aim; design; end; goal; intent; intention; motive; objective; plan; purpose; target; view6. essence (noun) essence; heart; message; pith7. idea (noun) idea; import; meaning; purport; significance8. issue (noun) issue; question9. place (noun) location; locus; place; position; site; situation; spot; station; where10. promontory (noun) beak; bill; cape; foreland; head; headland; naze; promontory11. speck (noun) dot; flyspeck; mote; pinpoint; speck; spot12. subject (noun) matter; motif; subject; subject matter; text; theme; topic13. time (noun) duration; instant; juncture; moment; period; time14. tip (noun) apex; barb; cusp; pointer; prick; prong; spike; spine; steer; tine; tip; tip-off15. validity (noun) cogency; effectiveness; force; punch; validity; validness16. direct (verb) address; aim; cast; direct; head; incline; lay; level; present; refer; set; train; turn; zero in17. indicate (verb) denote; hint; imply; indicate; signify; suggest18. punctuate (verb) punctuateАнтонимический ряд:contradict; deny; divert -
79 gas
A n1 ( fuel) gaz m ; to cook/heat a house with gas cuisiner/chauffer une maison au gaz ; to turn up/turn down the gas augmenter/baisser le gaz ; on a low/medium gas ( in cooking) à feu doux/moyen ; on a high gas à grand feu ; to use bottled gas utiliser du gaz en bouteille ;2 Chem gaz m ;4 Mil gaz m de combat ;8 ○ (funny experience, person) it was a gas! on s'est bien marrés ○ ! ; what a gas! quelle (partie de) rigolade ○ ! ; he's a gas c'est un marrant ○.1 ( give off gas) dégager des gaz ;to step on the gas appuyer sur le champignon ○.■ gas up US prendre de l'essence. -
80 bomb
См. также в других словарях:
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low-bracked gasoline, US — mažaoktanis benzinas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Detonacijai neatsparus benzinas. atitikmenys: angl. low bracked gasoline, US; low octane petrol, GB rus. низкооктановый бензин … Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
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low-grade — / ləυ greɪd/ adjective not of very good quality ● The car runs best on low grade petrol … Dictionary of banking and finance
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