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  • 1 ἐπιούσιος

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: of ἄρτος (Ev. Matt. 6, 11, Ev. Luk. 11, 3), in the Vulg. translated with `quotidianus', is translated as `daily'; also ἐπιουσι[ων ( Sammelb. 5224, 20; economic message), meaning unknown.
    Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]
    Etymology: The most obvious interprettion as ἡ ἐπιοῦσα ( ηΏμέρα) suggests `for the coming day'; but this seems materially improbable. If we start (with Debrunner Glotta 4, 249ff.) from ἐπι την οὖσαν ( ἡμέραν), we get: `for the relevant day'. - See Blass-Debrunner-Frnk, Greek Gramm. of the New Testam. $ 123 and Koerster in Kittel, Theolog.Wörterbuch 2,587-595.
    Page in Frisk: 1,539-540

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐπιούσιος

  • 2 δραχμή

    δραχμή, ῆς ἡ (s. δρασσομαι; Hdt.+; loanw. in rabb.; lit. ‘as much as one can hold in one’s hand’) drachma, a Greek silver coin, combining weight and value; varying in weight and value in all Gk. currencies, depending on currency standards, times, and social circumstances Lk 15:8f (Dio Chrys. 70 [20], 5 concern over the loss of just one drachma). Its purchasing power was by no means insignificant; acc. to Demetr. of Phal. (300 B.C.): 228 Fgm. 22 Jac. it was the price of a sheep, or one-fifth the price of an ox. Under specially favorable circumstances it was even possible to buy a whole ox for one drachma, or a slave for four: Appian, Mithrid. 78 §344. Conversely, the soldiers of Mark Antony look upon a gift of 100 dr. per man as proof of stinginess, acc. to Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 43 §177. On wages and living costs see AJohnson, Roman Egypt to Diocletian, in TFrank, An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome II, ’59, 301–21.—Lit. s.v. ἀργύριον 2c.—KChrist, Antike Numismatik ’67 (lit.); Pauly-W V 2, 1613–33; Kl. Pauly II 155f.—DELG s.v. δράσσομαι. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δραχμή

  • 3 πτωχός

    πτωχός, ή, όν (s. two prec. entries; Hom.+; PPetr III, 36a, 17f; 140a, 1; LXX; TestSol 10:12 C; TestJob; Test12Patr; JosAs 10:13; Philo, Hypoth. f. 1 [Eus., PE 8, 7, 6]; Joseph.; Tat. 6, 2)
    ① pert. to being economically disadvantaged, orig. ‘begging’ (s. πένης for a differentiation betw. the two words; note the juxtaposition in Ps 39:18; 69:6 al.), dependent on others for support, but also simply poor (as Mod. Gk. φτωχός) χήρα πτωχή Mk 12:42; cp. vs. 43; Lk 21:3. Mostly as subst. (Jos., Bell. 5, 570) opp. ὁ πλούσιος one who has more than enough (Pla., Tht. 24, 175a; Maximus Tyr. 1, 9a) Lk 6:20 (cp. vs. 24); Rv 13:16; 1 Cl 38:2; Hs 2:4.—Mt 26:11; Mk 14:7; Lk 14:13, 21; 16:20, 22; J 12:6, 8; Ro 15:26 (οἱ πτ. τῶν ἁγίων τῶν ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ, part. gen. On the other hand πτωχοί [in the sense of 2]=ἅγιοι: KHoll, SBBerlAk 1921, 937–39 and Ltzm., exc. on Ro 15:25); 2 Cor 6:10 (in wordplay w. πλουτίζειν); Gal 2:10; Js 2:2f, 6; B 20:2; D 5:2. οἱ πτ. τῷ κόσμῳ those who are poor in the world’s estimation Js 2:5 (opp. πλούσιοι ἐν πίστει). διδόναι (τοῖς) πτ. Mt 19:21; Mk 10:21; Lk 19:8; cp. 18:22; J 13:29; D 13:4. Pass. Mt 26:9; Mk 14:5; J 12:5.
    ② pert. to being thrust on divine resources, poor. At times the ref. is not only to the unfavorable circumstances of these people from an economic point of view; the thought is also that since they are oppressed and disillusioned they are in special need of God’s help, and may be expected to receive it shortly (cp. Od. 6, 207f πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε=all strangers and needy persons are wards of Zeus; LXX; HBruppacher, D. Beurteilung d. Armut im AT 1924; WSattler, D. Anawim im Zeitalter Jes. Chr.: Jülicher Festschr. 1927, 1–15; A Meyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 146ff; HBirkeland, ˓Ani u. ˓anāw in den Psalmen ’33; LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 76f; KSchubert, The Dead Sea Community ’59, 85–88; 137–39; AGelin, The Poor of Yahweh, ’64; FDanker, The Literary Unity of Mk 14:1–25: JBL 85, ’66, 467–72; s. πλοῦτος 1). The gospel is preached to them (Is 61:1) Mt 11:5; Lk 4:18; 7:22; 1 Cl 52:2 (Ps 68:33); Pol 2:3 (εἶπεν ὁ κύριος διδάσκων).
    ③ lacking in spiritual worth, fig. ext. of 1 (Tat. 6, 2 of humans ὁ μὲν πτωχός [in contrast to God]) οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 (cp. 1QM 14:7 עַנְוֵי רוּחַ; s. πνεῦμα 3b and Goodsp., Probs. 16f;; EBest, NTS 7, ’60/61, 255–58; SLégasse, NTS 8, ’61/62, 336–45 (Qumran); HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT I, ’66, 13; LKeck, The Poor among the Saints in Jewish Christianity and Qumran, ZNW 57, ’66, 54–78; add. lit. Betz, SM 111). The ‘messenger’ of the church at Laodicea, who says of himself πλούσιός εἰμι καὶ πεπλούτηκα, is termed πτωχός Rv 3:17. In 1 Cl 15:6, Ps 11:6 is quoted w. ref. to the situation in the Corinthian church.
    ④ pert. to being extremely inferior in quality, miserable, shabby (Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verb. 4 νοήματα; Iren. 2, 33, 5 [Hv I, 380, 2] of God οὐ … π. οὐδὲ ἄπορος) of the στοιχεῖα (w. ἀσθενής) Gal 4:9. Of the grace of God πτωχὴ οὐκ ἐγενήθη did not turn out to be shabby 1 Cor 15:10 v.l. (this is in keeping with the Aristotelian view that exceptional generosity produces exceptional results Aristot., EN 4, 2, 19).—JRoth, The Blind, the Lame, and the Poor etc. diss. Vanderbilt 1994. B. 782; 784. TRE IV s.v. ‘Armut’, 69–121. DELG s.v. πτήσσω III. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πτωχός

  • 4 τάσσω

    τάσσω fut. τάξω LXX; 1 aor. ἔταξα; perf. τέταχα. Mid.: 1 aor. ἐταξάμην. Pass.: aor. ptc. n. sg. ταχθέν EpJer 61, pl. ταγέντα (TestJob 16:3); pf. τέταγμαι, ptc. τεταγμένος (Pind., Aeschyl., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+)
    ① to bring about an order of things by arranging, arrange, put in place
    ⓐ of an authority structure pass. αἱ οὖσαι (ἐξουσίαι) ὑπὸ θεοῦ τεταγμέναι εἰσίν the (structures of authority) presently existing are put in place by God Ro 13:1 (cp. IAndrosIsis, Kyme on the role of Isis in ordering a variety of social, political, and economic structures; some interpret as metonymy for officeholders, cp. Da 4:37b; Horace, Odes 1, 12, 13–16; 49–52; Vergil, Ecl. 3, 60f); of established authority in contrast to a rabble MPol 10:2 (τάσσεσθαι ὑπό τινος as here, Eur., Iph. A. 1363; X., An. 1, 6, 6; 2, 6, 13; Simplicius In Epict. p. 60, 19 Düb. τεταγμένοι ὑπὸ θεοῦ).
    ⓑ of a pers. put into a specific position, used w. a prep. τάσσειν τινὰ ἐπί τινος put someone over or in charge of someone or someth. (Polyb. 5, 65, 7; ins; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 11, 51 [II B.C.]; PRev 51, 9 [III B.C.]) pass. (Arrian, Anab. 3, 6, 7 ἐπὶ πῶν χρημάτων=in charge of the finances; En 20:5; Jos., Ant. 2, 70; 7, 370.—ἐπί τινι Ath. 24, 3) ἐφʼ ἧς (i.e. the way of light) εἰσὶν τεταγμένοι φωταγωγοὶ ἄγγελοι B 18:1.—On ἄνθρωπος ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος Mt 8:9 v.l.; Lk 7:8 s. ἐξουσία 4 (τάσσεσθαι ὑπό τινα ‘be put under someone’s command’ Polyb. 3, 16, 3; 5, 65, 7; Diod S 2, 26, 8; 4, 9, 5; OGI 56, 13 [237 B.C.] τοῖς ὑπὸ τὴν βασιλείαν τασσομένοις; but Just., D. 126, 5 ὑπὸ τῷ πατρί).—τάσσειν τινά εἰς assign someone to a (certain) classification, used also w. an abstract noun (Pla., Rep. 2, 371c, Polit. 289e), pass. belong to, be classed among those possessing ὅσοι ἦσαν τεταγμένοι εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον Ac 13:48.—τάσσειν ἑαυτὸν εἰς διακονίαν devote oneself to a service (cp. X., Mem. 2, 1, 11 εἰς τὴν δουλείαν ἐμαυτὸν τάττω; Pla., Rep. 2, 371c τάττειν ἑαυτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν διακονίαν ταύτην) 1 Cor 16:15.
    ② to give instructions as to what must be done, order, fix, determine, appoint (Trag., Hdt. +; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 17:3; Just., A I, 17, 1 φόρους, A II, 5, 2 νόμον; Ath., R. 14 p. 64, 19 τὰ φύσει τεταγμένα)
    ⓐ act. and pass., foll. by acc. w. inf. (X., An. 3, 1, 25) Ac 15:2; 18:2 v.l. περὶ πάντων ὧν τέτακταί σοι ποιῆσαι concerning everything that you have been ordered to do 22:10 (cp. X., Resp. Lac. 11, 6). ὁ τεταγμένος ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ δρόμος the course which has been fixed by him (i.e. by God) 1 Cl 20:2 (cp. Philo, Poster. Cai. 144, Rer. Div. Her. 97 τεταγμέναι περίοδοι ἀστέρων). κατὰ καιροὺς τεταγμένους at appointed times 40:1 (cp. Polyb. 17, 1, 1).
    ⓑ mid.=act. (Hdt. et al.; 2 Km 20:5) εἰς τὸ ὄρος οὗ ἐτάξατο αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς (i.e. πορεύεσθαι) Mt 28:16. ταξάμενοι αὐτῷ ἡμέραν ἦλθον they set a day for him and came Ac 28:23 (τασς. ἡμέραν as Polyb. 18, 19, 1; Jos., Ant. 9, 136).—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > τάσσω

  • 5 ἀσσάριον

    ἀσσάριον, ου, τό (Lat. loanw.: assarius [nummus]; s. Hahn index; Schürer II 66; OGI 484, 13 w. n. 14; Kubitschek in Pauly-W. II 1742ff.—s. ἀργύριον end) a Roman copper coin, worth about one-sixteenth of a denarius, as, assarion (s. δηνάριον), or a similar native coin ἀσσαρίου πωλεῖσθαι be sold for a paltry sum Mt 10:29 (a cliché, s. e.g. Cato in Seneca, Ep. 94, 27 quod non opus est, asse carum est=even an ‘as’ is too high a price for something you don’t need); Lk 12:6 (two assaria = [only] an hour’s work; ‘two pennies’ NRSV does not reflect economic reality; DMacDonald, Historia 38, ’89, 120–23; TMartin, Biblical Research 38, ’93, 69–73). Dssm., LO 196 (LAE 272–75).—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀσσάριον

  • 6 Ἰάκωβος

    Ἰάκωβος, ου, ὁ (Grecized form of the preceding, W-S. §10, 3; EpArist 48; 49. Oft. in Joseph., even for the patriarch [s. Ἰακώβ]. In the spelling Ἰάκουβος: POxy 276, 5 [77 A.D.]; BGU 715 II, 11; 1 Esdr 9:48) James (for the history of this name s. OED s.v. James).
    ① son of the Galilean fisherman Zebedee, brother of John, member of the Twelve, executed by Herod Agrippa I not later than 44 A.D.: Mt 4:21; 10:2; 17:1; Mk 1:19, 29; 3:17; 5:37; 9:2; 10:35, 41; 13:3; 14:33; Lk 5:10; 6:14; 8:51; 9:28, 54; Ac 1:13a; 12:2; GEb 34, 60; Papias (2:4).—ESchwartz, Über d. Tod der Söhne Zeb. 1904; JBlinzler and ABöhling, NovT 5, ’62, 191–213.
    ② son of Alphaeus (s. Ἁλφαῖος) also belonged to the Twelve Mt 10:3; Mk 2:14 v.l. (s. 6 below); 3:18; Lk 6:15; Ac 1:13b. This James is perh. identical with
    ③ son of Mary Mt 27:56; Mk 16:1; Lk 24:10 (s. B-D-F §162, 3), who is called Mk 15:40 Ἰ. ὁ μικρός, James the small or the younger (μικρός 1ab.—TZahn, Forschungen VI 1900, 345f; 348ff).
    ④ the Lord’s brother (Jos., Ant. 20, 200), later head of the Christian community at Jerusalem, confused w. 2 at an early date; Mt 13:55; Mk 6:3; 1 Cor 15:7; Gal 1:19; 2:9, 12; Ac 12:17; 15:13; 21:18; GHb 361, 7 (Lat.); probably Papias 2:4. This J. is certainly meant Js 1:1 (MMeinertz, D. Jk u. sein Verf. 1905; AMeyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930); Jd 1; and perh. GJs 25:1 in title and subscr.—GKittel, D. Stellg. des Jak. zu Judentum u. Heidenchristentum: ZNW 30, ’31, 145–57, D. geschichtl. Ort des Jk: ibid. 41, ’42, 71–105; KAland, D. Herrenbr. Jak. u. Jk: Neut. Entwürfe ’79, 233–45; GKittel, D. Jak. u. die Apost. Väter: ZNW 43, ’50/51, 54–112; WPrentice, in Studies in Roman Economic and Social Hist. in honor of AJohnson ’51, 144–51; PGaechter, Petrus u. seine Zeit ’58, 258–310; DLittle, The Death of James: The Brother of Jesus, diss. Rice Univ. ’71; WPratscher, Der Herrenbruder Jakobus u. die Jakobustradition ’87.
    ⑤ father of an apostle named Judas, mentioned only by Luke: Lk 6:16a; Ac 1:13c.
    ⑥ Mk 2:14 v.l. (s. 2 above) the tax-collector is called James (instead of Levi; s. FBurkitt, JTS 28, 1927, 273f).—HHoltzmann, Jak. der Gerechte u. seine Namensbrüder: ZWT 23, 1880, 198–221; FMaier, Z. Apostolizität des Jak. u. Jud.: BZ 4, 1906, 164–91; 255–66; HKoch, Z. Jakobusfrage Gal 1:19: ZNW 33, ’34, 204–9.—EDNT. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Ἰάκωβος

  • 7 ἐλαία

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `the olive (tree)' (Od.), rare ἔλαιος (m.) `(wild) olive' (Pi. Fr. 46, S. Tr. 1197);
    Other forms: Att. also ἐλά̄α, Ion. ἐλαίη. Cypr. ἔλαιϜον ( Kadmos 3, 1965, 148).
    Dialectal forms: Myc. erawa, -wo \/ elaiwa, - won\/.
    Compounds: Because of the economic value of the oil and the olivetree there are many compounds, esp. since hellen. times. As 1. member ἐλαιο- refers not only to ἔλαιον, but also to ἐλαία, e. g. ἐλαιό-φυτος `planted with olives' (A.). As 2. member in bahuvrihi, e. g. ἄν-ελαιος `without oil, olives' (Thphr., Str.); in determinatives, e. g. ἀγρι-έλαιος = ἄγριος ἔλαιος (Thpr. usw.), χαμ-ελαία `Daphne oleoides' (Nic.), cf. Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 110; γλυκ-έλαιον `sweet-oil', ὑδρ-έλαιον "wateroil", i. e. `oil mixed with water' (late).
    Derivatives: ἔλαιον n. `olive-oil, oil in general' (Il.); on the pair ἐλαία (- ος): ἔλαιον, for the tree resp. the product, s. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 17, Schwyzer-Debrunner 30. Substantiva: ἐλᾱΐς f., acc. pl. ἐλᾳ̃δας `olive-trees' (Att.; s. Chantr. Form. 344), diminut. ἐλᾳδιον (- ίδιον) `small olive-tree', also (from ἔλαιον) `a little oil' (Com., pap.); ἐλαιών, - ῶνος m. `thicket of olives' (LXX, pap.), `the olive mountain' (NT, J.), diminut. ἐλαιωνίδιον (pap.); ἐλαιεύς `id.' (Chalkis; s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 21f.). Adj. ἐλαίϊνος, ἐλά̄ϊνος `of olive -wood, belonging to the olive' (Il.), `of olive-oil' (Orph. L. 717); - ίνεος `of olive-wood' (ι 320 and 394; metrically easy contamination of - ινος and - εος, Risch Wortbildung 122, Schmid -εος und -ειος 38); ἐλαϊκός `of olive' (Aristeas, pap.); ἐλαιηρός `regarding oil' (Hp., Pl., pap. ; s. Chantraine 232); ἐλαιώδης `oily' (Hp., Arist.); ἐλαιήεις `belonging to the olive' (S.; on the formation Schwyzer 527). Denomin. verbs: ἐλαΐζω `cultivate olives' with ἐλαιστήρ, - τής `collector of olives' (Poll.) and ἐλαιστήριον `olive-press' (Mylasa); ἐλαιόομαι `be oiled' (Arist.) with ἐλαίωσις (Zos. Alch.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Lat. olīva, from Greek, proves a basic *ἐλαίϜᾱ, with *ἔλαιϜον to Lat. oleum. From Latin all European forms (s. W.-Hofmann 2, 205f.). On itself Arm. ewɫ `oil', which comes together with ἐλαία, ἔλαιον from a Mediterranaean source (Crete?, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.). See Bq. - The word is no doubt a Pre-Greek word.
    Page in Frisk: 1,480

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλαία

  • 8 ἀπερισπάστως

    ἀπερισπάστως adv. of ἀπερίσπαστος (Polyb. 2, 20, 10; 4, 18, 6; Epict. 1, 29, 59) without distraction πρὸς τὸ εὐπάρεδρον τ. κυρίῳ ἀ. that you might adhere faithfully to the Lord without distraction 1 Cor 7:35 (on the theme, s. Epict. 3, 22, 69 ἀπερίσπαστον εἶναι δεῖ τὸν Κυνικὸν ὅλον πρὸς τῇ διακονίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ; for this reason he should keep himself free from marriage and all other earthly obligations, cp. 2 [4] Esdr 16:40–45. Diod S 40, 3, 7 Moses places the priests on a higher economic level than nonpriests, ἵνα ἀπερίσπαστοι προσεδρεύωσι ταῖς τοῦ θεοῦ τιμαῖς). DBalch, 1 Cor 7:32–35 and Stoic Debates about Marriage, Anxiety, and Distraction: JBL 102, ’83, 429–39. S. ἀμέριμνος.—M-M. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀπερισπάστως

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