-
101 optimal
adjоптимальныйoptimal stopping of a random process оптимальная остановка случайного процессаАнглийский-русский словарь по теории вероятностей, статистике и комбинаторике > optimal
-
102 device
1) прилад (напр. ІС, транзистор, діод); компонент; елемент 2) пристрій - active device
- add-on device
- analog device
- array device
- attached device
- backup device
- beam-leadeddevice
- beam-leaddevice
- bipolar device
- bipolar-MOS device
- blown-fuse device
- bubble-domain device
- bubble- device
- bucket-brigade device
- bulk асoustic-wave device
- bulk-channel carrier-transfer device
- bulk-effect device
- carrier-transfer device
- charge-coupled device
- charge-domain device
- charge-injection device
- charge-priming device
- charge-transfer device
- chip-and-wire device
- CMOS device
- CMOS/SOS device
- compound-semiconductor device
- contiguous-disk device
- controlled surface device
- custom-designed device
- custom device
- dense device
- depletion-modedevice
- depletiondevice
- dielectric isolation device
- diffused device
- discrete device
- double-diffused MOS device
- elastic-surface-wave device
- electrooptic device
- elementary device
- enchancement-mode device
- enchancement device
- end-use device
- epiplanar device
- epitaxial device
- FAMOS device
- field-effect device
- field-programmable device
- FIMOS device
- functional device
- graded-gap semiconductor device
- graded-gap device
- Gurm-effect device
- Gurm device
- Hall-effectdevice
- Halldevice
- hardeneddevice
- harddevice
- heteroepitaxial device
- heterojunction device
- high-gain device
- high-immunity noise device
- high-technology device
- high-threshold device
- homojunction device
- hybrid high-power device
- identification device
- I2L device
- image [imaging] device
- IMPATT device
- implanted device
- integrated-optic device
- integrated semiconductor device
- integration device
- interdigitated device
- interface device
- Josephson-junctiondevice
- Josephsondevice
- Josephson logic device
- junction-isolated device
- large-scale integrated device
- large-scale integration device
- latch-up free CMOS device
- leaded device
- leadless inverted device
- light-wave device
- locked-in device
- logic array device
- low-power Schottky device
- magnetostatic-wave device
- majority-carrier device
- mask-programmable device
- metal-masked device
- metal-semiconductor device
- microdiscrete device
- microelectronic device
- minority-carrier device
- MIS-type device
- MIS device
- mixed-process device
- mixed device
- molecular-beam epitaxy-based device
- monolithic device
- MOS device
- MTL device
- multilayered device
- multilevel device
- n-channel MOS device
- n-channel device
- negative-resistance device
- non-CPU device
- n–p–n device
- off-chip device
- on-chip device
- optocoupler semiconductor device
- optocoupling device
- passive device
- p-channel MOS device
- p-channel device
- peripheral device
- permalloy bubble device
- permalloy T-bar device
- photo-coupled semiconductor device
- photosensitive device
- piezoelectric device
- piggyback device
- planar device
- plotting device
- plug-in device
- p-n-p device
- positioning device
- printing device
- programmable logic-array device
- programmable device
- quantum device
- quantum-well device
- redundancy device
- resin-molded device
- SAW device
- SAW delay device
- scaled-downdevice
- scaleddevice
- Schottky-barrier device
- Schottky device
- second-source device
- self-aligned semiconductor device
- semiconductor-on-sapphire
- silicon-on-dielectric device
- silicon-on-insulator device
- silicon-on-sapphire device
- single device
- single-crystal device
- slow device
- SLS device
- small-geometry device
- solder-evacuator device
- SOS/MOS device
- stacked semiconductor device
- static-sensitive device
- stripeline device
- submicron-scale MOS device
- superconducting Josephson-junction device
- superconducting quantum interference device
- superconductive quantum interferometric device
- super-lattice functional device
- superstructure device
- surface-acoustic-wave device
- surface charge-transfer device
- surface-mounted device
- switching device
- TAB device
- thermocompression bonded device
- thick-film device
- thin-film device
- transcalent device
- transferred-electron device
- transil-time-negative-resistance device
- trench isolated device
- tunnel -еffect device
- tunnel device
- two-level polysilicon MOS device
- ULA device
- ultrafine-scale device
- ultra-large-scale integrated device
- ultra-submicron device
- uncased device
- vertical-junction device
- very large-scale integrated-circuit device
- very large-scale integration device
- V-groove MOS device
- V-groove device
- wafer-printing device -
103 algorithm
1) алгоритм2) правило; процедура; метод•- adaptive algorithm
- Agarval-Cooley algorithm
- aim algorithm
- annealing algorithm
- asymmetric encryption algorithm
- autoregressive algorithm
- backoff algorithm
- back propagation of error algorithm
- batch algorithm
- Bellman-Ford algorithm
- best cost path algorithm
- bisection algorithm
- branch and bound algorithm - CART algorithm
- channel algorithm
- channel routing algorithm
- Cholesky algorithm
- classification and regression tree algorithm
- clustering algorithm
- Cochran-Orcutt algorithm
- compression algorithm
- conjugate directions algorithm
- conjugate gradients algorithm
- constructive algorithm
- contour following algorithm
- control algorithm
- convolution algorithm
- Cooley-Tuckey algorithm
- cryptographic algorithm
- deflation compression algorithm
- differential synthesis algorithm
- Diffie-Hellman algorithm
- digital signal processing algorithm
- digital signature algorithm
- Dijkstra algorithm
- distance vector algorithm
- DSP algorithm
- dynamic programming algorithm
- edge-tracking algorithm
- evolutionary algorithm
- exact embedding algorithm
- expansion algorithm
- fast algorithm
- fast convolution Agarval-Cooley algorithm
- fixed-weight algorithm
- Ford-Fulkerson algorithm
- fundamental algorithm
- fuzzy algorithm
- general algorithm - greedy algorithm
- Gummel's algorithm
- hashing algorithm
- heuristic algorithm
- ID3 algorithm
- identification algorithm
- initialization algorithm
- integer algorithm - iterative dichotomizer 3 algorithm
- k-means algorithm
- learning algorithm
- least frequently used algorithm
- least recently used algorithm
- Lee-Moore algorithm
- Lee algorithm
- Lee-type algorithm
- Lempel-Ziv algorithm
- Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm
- Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
- LFU algorithm
- line-probe algorithm
- link state algorithm
- LU decomposition algorithm
- LZ algorithm
- LZW algorithm
- MacQueen's k-means algorithm
- McCulloch-Pitts algorithm
- memetic algorithm - min-cut algorithm - nested algorithm
- numerical algorithm
- Oja iterative algorithm
- on-line algorithm
- optimization algorithm
- ordering algorithm
- painter's algorithm
- parallel algorithm
- pattern classification algorithm
- pattern recognition algorithm
- pel-recursive estimation algorithm
- placement algorithm
- planning algorithm
- polynomial algorithm
- predictive algorithm
- preemptive algorithm
- Prim algorithm
- production rule based algorithm
- pruning algorithm
- pseudo least recently used algorithm
- quantum search algorithm
- quick-union algorithm
- quick-union algorithm with path compression
- Q-R-algorithm
- radix sorting algorithm
- randomized algorithm
- rank algorithm
- Read-Solomon cyclic redundancy compression algorithm
- recognition algorithm
- recurrent algorithm
- recursive algorithm
- resilient propagation algorithm - routing algorithm
- Rprop algorithm
- RSA algorithm
- scheduling algorithm
- search algorithm
- search network algorithm - self-organizing algorithm
- semi-numerical algorithm
- sequential algorithm - shortest path algorithm
- sieving algorithm
- simulated annealing training algorithm
- simulation algorithm
- smoothing algorithm
- software algorithm
- spanning tree algorithm
- spline algorithm
- splitting algorithm
- stack algorithm
- statistical algorithm
- stochastic algorithm
- supervised training algorithm
- symmetric encryption algorithm
- time-wheel algorithm
- training algorithm
- universal algorithm
- unsupervised training algorithm
- van der Waerden algorithm
- variational algorithm
- vector distance algorithm
- Viterbi algorithm
- VLSI algorithm
- weighted quick-union algorithm
- working algorithm -
104 variable
1) переменная2) (изменяемый) параметр; (изменяемая) величина4) переменный; изменяющийся; непостоянный•- apparent variableto drop a variable — опускать переменную, не включать переменную в рассмотрение
- array variable
- artificial variable
- automatic variable
- auxiliary variable
- binary variable
- Boolean variable
- bound variable
- broadcasted variables
- categorical variable
- centered random variable
- class variable
- cointegrated variables
- compile-time variable
- complex variable
- concomitant variable
- constructed variable
- continuous variable
- control variable
- controllable variable
- controlled variable
- CRC variable
- cyclic redundancy check variable
- decision variable
- dependent variable
- deterministic variable
- dichotomic variable
- discrete variable
- discrete random variable
- dummy variable
- endogenous variable
- environment variable
- environmental variables
- excluded variable
- exogenous variable
- explained variable
- explanatory variable
- fast variable
- file variable
- free variable
- functor variable
- fuzzy variable
- generated variable
- generic variable
- generic type variable
- global variable
- grouping variable
- imaginary variable
- independent variable
- indicator variable
- input variable
- instance variables
- instant variables
- instrumental variable
- integer variable
- interval variable
- intervening variable
- key variable
- label variable
- lagged variable
- latent variable
- leading variable
- limited variable
- linguistic variable
- local variable
- logic variable
- logical variable
- loop variable
- metalinguistic variable
- metasyntactic variable
- moving-frame variable
- nominal variable
- omitted variable
- one-fluid variables
- ordinal variable
- output variable
- P-variable
- predetermined variable
- proxy variable
- qualitative variable
- random variable
- rank variable
- real variable
- redundant variable
- response variable
- rest-frame variable
- scalar variable
- schematic variable
- schematic type variable
- seasonal variable
- slow variable
- standardized variable
- state variable
- static variable
- stationary variable
- stochastic variable
- string variable
- subscripted variable
- summation variable
- system variable
- target variable
- tensor variable
- unbound variable
- uninitialized variable
- unobservable variable
- unrestricted variable
- vector variable
- vector random variable -
105 algorithm
1) алгоритм2) правило; процедура; метод•- Agarval-Cooley algorithm
- aim algorithm
- algorithm of doubtful convergence
- annealing algorithm
- asymmetric encryption algorithm
- autoregressive algorithm
- back propagation of error algorithm
- backoff algorithm
- batch algorithm
- Bellman-Ford algorithm
- best cost path algorithm
- bisection algorithm
- branch and bound algorithm
- British Telecom Lempel-Ziv algorithm
- BTLZ algorithm
- CART algorithm
- channel algorithm
- channel routing algorithm
- Cholesky algorithm
- classification and regression tree algorithm
- clustering algorithm
- Cochran-Orcutt algorithm
- compression algorithm
- conjugate directions algorithm
- conjugate gradients algorithm
- constructive algorithm
- contour following algorithm
- control algorithm
- convolution algorithm
- Cooley-Tuckey algorithm
- cryptographic algorithm
- deflation compression algorithm
- differential synthesis algorithm
- Diffie-Hellman algorithm
- digital signal processing algorithm
- digital signature algorithm
- Dijkstra algorithm
- distance vector algorithm
- DSP algorithm
- dynamic programming algorithm
- edge-tracking algorithm
- evolutionary algorithm
- exact embedding algorithm
- expansion algorithm
- fast algorithm
- fast convolution Agarval-Cooley algorithm
- fixed-weight algorithm
- Ford-Fulkerson algorithm
- fundamental algorithm
- fuzzy algorithm
- general algorithm
- genetic algorithm
- graph search algorithm
- greedy algorithm
- Gummel's algorithm
- hashing algorithm
- heuristic algorithm
- ID3 algorithm
- identification algorithm
- initialization algorithm
- integer algorithm
- international data encryption algorithm
- iterative algorithm
- iterative dichotomizer 3 algorithm
- k-means algorithm
- learning algorithm
- least frequently used algorithm
- least recently used algorithm
- Lee-algorithm
- Lee-Moore algorithm
- Lee-type algorithm
- Lempel-Ziv algorithm
- Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm
- Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
- LFU algorithm
- line-probe algorithm
- link state algorithm
- LU decomposition algorithm
- LZ algorithm
- LZW algorithm
- MacQueen's k-means algorithm
- McCulloch-Pitts algorithm
- memetic algorithm
- message authentication algorithm
- metaheuristic algorithm
- min-cut algorithm
- modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm
- Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm
- nested algorithm
- numerical algorithm
- Oja iterative algorithm
- on-line algorithm
- optimization algorithm
- ordering algorithm
- painter's algorithm
- parallel algorithm
- pattern classification algorithm
- pattern recognition algorithm
- pel-recursive estimation algorithm
- placement algorithm
- planning algorithm
- polynomial algorithm
- predictive algorithm
- preemptive algorithm
- Prim algorithm
- production rule based algorithm
- pruning algorithm
- pseudo least recently used algorithm
- Q-R-algorithm
- quantum search algorithm
- quick-union algorithm with path compression
- quick-union algorithm
- radix sorting algorithm
- randomized algorithm
- rank algorithm
- Read-Solomon cyclic redundancy compression algorithm
- recognition algorithm
- recurrent algorithm
- recursive algorithm
- resilient propagation algorithm
- Rivest-Shamir-Adleman algorithm
- robust algorithm
- routing algorithm
- RProp algorithm
- RSA algorithm
- scheduling algorithm
- search algorithm
- search network algorithm
- secure hash algorithm
- selective-trace algorithm
- self-organizing algorithm
- semi-numerical algorithm
- sequential algorithm
- sequential leader clustering algorithm
- serial algorithm
- shortest path algorithm
- sieving algorithm
- simulated annealing training algorithm
- simulation algorithm
- smoothing algorithm
- software algorithm
- spanning tree algorithm
- spline algorithm
- splitting algorithm
- stack algorithm
- statistical algorithm
- stochastic algorithm
- supervised training algorithm
- symmetric encryption algorithm
- time-wheel algorithm
- training algorithm
- universal algorithm
- unsupervised training algorithm
- van der Waerden algorithm
- variational algorithm
- vector distance algorithm
- Viterbi algorithm
- VLSI algorithm
- weighted quick-union algorithm
- working algorithmThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > algorithm
-
106 check
1) контроль; проверка || контролировать; проверять || контрольный; проверочный (см. тж checking)2) контрольное устройство; эталонный калибр3) остановка; задержка || останавливать; задерживать6) трещина7) запирать; стопорить•to check in — регистрировать поступление, регистрировать ввод
- active checkto check out — регистрировать вывод, регистрировать выход, регистрировать удаление
- air check
- alignment check
- analytical gear check
- assembly check
- automatic check
- balance check
- ball check
- blade angle check
- blade high check
- blueing check
- built-in automatic check
- built-in checks
- calibration check
- clamp check
- CMM's spot check
- cold check
- collision check
- concentricity check
- consistency check
- conversion check
- cutter comparison check
- cycle check
- cyclic redundancy check
- diagnostic check
- diagram check
- dimensional check
- double check
- dynamic check
- dynamic computer check
- experimental check
- fault-finding check
- forbidden-combination check
- forbidden-digit check
- formatting check
- functional check
- functional gear check
- grinding check
- integrity check
- interference check
- involute check
- leak check
- local check
- long-cycle check
- manual check
- match check
- MMC check
- multidiameter check
- multiple check
- multiple switching check
- nondestructive check
- numerical check
- odd-even check
- odd-parity check
- operational check
- overall dimensional checks
- parametric check
- parity check
- pin check
- positioning check
- preventive check
- probe check
- programmed logic check
- quality check
- radial runout check
- real time error check
- redundant check
- redundant-data check
- self-diagnostic check
- sharpening check
- spacing check of cutters
- spot check
- statistical check
- substitution check
- summation check
- surface check
- test check
- tooth contact check
- zero position checkEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > check
-
107 testing
испытание; испытания; проверка; контроль (см. тж test); тестирование- accelerated testing
- assembly testing
- at-speed testing
- autoranging testing
- beta testing
- bit testing
- black-box testing
- bottom-up testing
- branch testing
- built-in testing
- bulk testing
- burn-in testing
- chip-in-place testing
- clock-rate testing
- cluster testing
- code-based testing
- coincident current testing
- compact testing
- comparison testing
- complete testing
- compliance testing
- computerized testing
- conformance testing
- continuity testing
- core testing
- cross-validation testing
- demonstration testing
- design testing
- development testing
- disruptive testing
- edge-connector testing
- edge-pin testing
- electron-beam testing
- execution testing
- exhaustive pattern testing
- exhaustive testing
- ex-situ testing
- factory testing
- fault isolation testing
- feature testing
- FFT digital testing
- field testing
- file testing
- final testing
- finished testing
- free-race testing
- glass-box testing
- go/no-go testing
- hard testing
- hazardous testing
- in-circuit testing
- in-situ testing
- laissez-faire testing
- manufacturing testing
- margin testing
- module testing
- multipin testing
- nails testing
- near exhaustive testing
- noncoincident current testing
- nondisruptive testing
- normative testing
- on-chip testing
- operation testing
- parallel testing
- parametric testing
- path testing
- performance testing
- plane testing
- prescreening testing
- prescreen testing
- presence testing
- probe testing
- product testing
- production testing
- program testing
- pseudo-exhaustive testing
- random testing
- real-time testing
- redundancy testing
- regression testing
- release testing
- reliability testing
- retrofit testing
- saturation testing
- signature testing
- site testing
- soft testing
- start-small testing
- stimulus/response testing
- stored-response testing
- stress testing
- string testing
- stuck-fault testing
- syndrome testing
- testing normal cases
- testing the exceptions
- testing the extremes
- thread testing
- through-the-pins testing
- top-down testing
- transition count testing
- trial-and-error testing
- unit testing
- white box testingEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > testing
-
108 payment
платёж; оплата (напр. векселя); погашение (долга); получение денег (для кредитора) -
109 execution
исполнение, выполнение
– execution level
– execution manager
– execution redundancy
– execution time
-
110 standby
1 adjCOMP&DP auxiliar, de reserva, en esperaPROD, MILIT, QUALITY a la espera, en reserva, de reservaTELECOM a la escucha, en espera2 -
111 money
n1) деньги, платежное средство2) (pl moneys) монетная система валюты
- accounting money
- accumulated money
- active money
- adulterated money
- advance money
- allotment money
- application money
- bad money
- bank money
- bargain money
- barren money
- black money
- bogus money
- bookkeeping money
- borrowed money
- bottle return money
- call money
- caution money
- central bank money
- charter money
- cheap money
- check book money
- checking account money
- coined money
- commodity money
- conduct money
- conscience money
- convertible money
- counterfeit money
- credit money
- current money
- current account money
- danger money
- day-to-day money
- dead money
- dear money
- demand money
- deposit money
- depreciated money
- dirty money
- dispatch money
- drug money
- earnest money
- easy money
- effective money
- elastic money
- electronic money
- end money
- even money
- excess money
- extra money
- fall money
- false money
- fiat money
- fiduciary money
- floating money
- forfeit money
- forged money
- fractional money
- fresh money
- funk money
- gate money
- genuine money
- good faith money
- hand money
- hard money
- hat money
- hot money
- housekeeping money
- hush money
- idle money
- incentive money
- inconvertible paper money
- insurance money
- irredeemable paper money
- key money
- lawful money
- legal tender money
- loanable money
- local money
- long-term mons
- loose money
- lot money
- managed money
- medium-term mons
- metal money
- mortgage money
- near money
- neutral money
- new money
- nonphysical money
- odd money
- old money
- option money
- overnight money
- overtime money
- paper money
- paperless money
- passage money
- pension money
- period money
- pin money
- pocket money
- portfolio money
- prize money
- promotion money
- public money
- purchase money
- push money
- quasi money
- quick money
- rag money
- ready money
- real money
- redemption money
- redundancy money
- rent money
- representation and mission money
- representative money
- retention money
- returned earnest money
- salvage money
- seed money
- short money
- short-term money
- slush money
- smart money
- soft money
- spare money
- spending money
- stable money
- standard money
- substitute money
- tax money
- tight money
- till money
- time money
- token money
- trust money
- uncovered paper money
- universal money
- up-front money
- vault money
- world money
- money at call
- money at long
- money at medium term
- money at short
- money down
- money due
- money in cash
- money in circulation
- money in hand
- money of account
- money on account
- money on call
- money on checking account
- money on current account
- money on deposit
- money on loan
- money only
- money graduated from taxation
- money held in trust
- money lying idle
- mons received
- money tied up in nonproductive assets
- at the money
- short of money
- accommodate with money
- advance money
- advance money on securities
- allocate money
- appropriate money
- be pressed for money
- borrow money
- borrow money flat
- borrow money at interest
- borrow money on pledge
- borrow money on a policy
- call money
- call in money
- change money
- channel money offshore
- claim money
- coin money
- collect money
- convert into money
- debase on one's own monies
- deposit money
- deposit money at a bank
- deposit money with a bank
- draw money from an account
- draw money from a bank
- draw money out
- expend money
- extract excess money from circulation
- find money for smth
- forfeit the earnest money
- furnish money
- generate money through normal economic activity
- get money
- get one's money back
- grant money
- handle money
- have money at a bank
- have money in a bank
- have money with a bank
- hoard money
- invest money
- invest money at a bank
- invest money with a bank
- invest money at interest
- issue money
- keep money at a bank
- keep money in a bank
- keep money with a bank
- lend money
- lend money at interest
- lend money on interest
- lend money free of interest
- lend money on goods
- lend money on an insurance policy
- lend money on mortgage
- lend money on security
- lend money on stock
- lodge money
- lose money
- make money
- misappropriate money
- obtain money
- obtain money by a trick
- pay money into an account
- pay money into a bank
- pay back money
- pay out money
- place money in escrow
- place money on deposit
- pool money
- push up money
- put money into a bank
- put money into life insurance companies
- put money into a savings account
- put money on term deposit
- put money to reserve
- put aside money
- put out money
- raise money
- recall money from circulation
- receive money for smth
- receive money on a bill
- recover money
- redeem money from circulation
- redistribute money
- refund money
- relend money
- remit money
- repatriate offshore money
- repay money
- replace borrowed money
- reserve money
- return earnest money
- run into money
- save money
- send money
- set aside money
- shelter money abroad
- sink money
- spend money
- squander money
- take money on account
- take up money
- tie up money in land
- tie up liquid mons
- transfer money
- turn into money
- waste money
- withdraw money from an account
- withdraw money from a bank
- withdraw money from a business
- withdraw money from circulation -
112 money
1) деньги, платежное средствоpl moneys, monies2) денежные суммы, средства• -
113 hot standby
1. горячий резервcold standby — холодный резерв; ненагруженный резерв
2. горячее резервированиеstandby mode — режим с резервированием; режим хранения
-
114 terminal
1. n конец, граница2. n конечный слог, конечная буква, конечное слово3. n грам. окончание4. n экзамен в конце семестра или четверти5. n ж. -д. конечный пункт; конечная станция; пункт выгрузки6. n ж. -д. плата за погрузку товаров на конечной станции7. n ж. -д. перевалочный пункт8. n ж. -д. амер. вокзал9. n ж. -д. воен. конечный пункт связи10. n ж. -д. воен. оконечный аппарат11. n ж. -д. эл. клемма, зажим; ввод; вывод12. n ж. -д. архит. орнаментальное концевое украшение13. n ж. -д. вчт. терминал; оконечное устройство14. a конечный, терминальный; заключительный, последний; завершающийterminal point — конечный пункт; конечная остановка или станция
terminal home — последний приют, последнее убежище; богадельня
15. a мед. терминальный; смертельный; предсмертныйterminal cancer — неизлечимый рак; последняя стадия рака
16. a периодический; периодически повторяющийся17. a семестровый18. a сессионный19. a ограниченный сроком; срочный20. a предельный21. a бот. верхушечныйСинонимический ряд:1. deadly (adj.) deadly; fatal; lethal; mortal2. last (adj.) closing; concluding; eventual; final; hindmost; lag; last; latest; latter; rearmost; terminating; ultimate3. computer screen (noun) cathode ray tube; color monitor; computer monitor; computer screen; CRT; data terminal; monitor; monochrome monitor; screen4. depot (noun) depot; station; terminus5. end (noun) boundary; conclusion; end; end-of the road; extremity; last stop; limit; terminationАнтонимический ряд: -
115 know
1 ( have knowledge of) connaître [person, place, characteristics, name, taste, opinion, result, figures, value, rules, decision, situation, system, way] ; savoir, connaître [answer, language, reason, truth, words] ; he knows everything/something il sait tout/quelque chose ; to know sb by name/sight/reputation connaître qn de nom/vue/réputation ; you know Frank, he's always late tu connais Frank, il est toujours en retard ; to know sth by heart savoir or connaître qch par cœur ; to know how to do savoir faire ; ( stressing method) savoir comment faire ; I know how to swim je sais nager ; she knows how to improve it/use it elle sait comment l'améliorer/l'utiliser ; he certainly knows how to upset people/make a mess iron pour contrarier les gens/faire du désordre, il s'y connaît ○ ; to know that… savoir que… ; to know for certain ou for sure that… savoir avec certitude que… ; I wasn't to know that je ne pouvais pas savoir que ; to know who/when savoir qui/quand ; to know why/whether savoir pourquoi/si ; to know what love is savoir ce que c'est que l'amour ; you know what children are/she is tu sais comment sont les enfants/elle est ; to know sb/sth as connaître qn/qch sous le nom de ; Edward, better known as Ted Edward, plus connu sous le nom de Ted ; Virginia known as Ginny to her friends Virginia ou Ginny pour ses amis ; I know him for ou to be a liar je sais que c'est un menteur ; to let it be known ou to make it known that faire savoir que ; to have known sb/sth to do avoir déjà vu qn/ qch faire ; I've never known him to lose his temper je ne l'ai jamais vu se mettre en colère ; it has been known to snow there il est arrivé qu'il neige ici ; if I know you/him tel que je te/le connais ; he is known to the police il est connu de la police ; just how well did you know the accused? iron dans quelle mesure connaissiez-vous ou ne connaissiez-vous pas l'inculpé? ; I know all about redundancy! je sais ce que c'est que le chômage! ; as you well know comme tu le sais bien ; as well she knows elle le sait parfaitement ; (do) you know something?, do you know what? tu sais quoi? ; there's no knowing how/whether on ne peut pas savoir comment/si ; to know one's way home connaître le chemin pour rentrer chez soi ; to know one's way around fig savoir se débrouiller ; to know one's way around a town bien connaître une ville ; to know one's way around a computer/an engine savoir se débrouiller avec les ordinateurs/les moteurs ; I know that for a fact j'en suis absolument sûr ; I know what! you could… j'ai une idée! tu pourrais… ; he knows all/nothing about it il est/il n'est pas au courant ; maybe you know something I don't peut-être que tu sais quelque chose que je ne sais pas ;2 ( feel certain) être sûr ; he's dead, I know it il est mort, j'en suis sûr ; I knew it! j'en étais sûr! ; to know that… être sûr que… ; I know my key is here somewhere je suis sûr que ma clé est quelque part par ici ; I don't know that we can je ne suis pas sûr que nous le puissions ; I don't know that I want to go really je ne suis pas vraiment sûr d'avoir envie d'y aller ; I don't know that opening the window/taking medicine will make much difference je ne pense pas que le fait d'ouvrir la fenêtre/de prendre des médicaments puisse changer quelque chose ;3 ( realize) se rendre compte ; to know to do savoir qu'il faut faire ; does he know to switch off the light? sait-il qu'il faut éteindre? ; do you know how expensive that is? tu te rends compte combien ça coûte? ; she doesn't know just how lucky she's been elle ne se rend pas compte de la chance qu'elle a eue ; you don't know how pleased I am tu ne peux pas savoir comme je suis content ; she's attractive and doesn't she know it! elle est séduisante et elle le sait! ; don't I know it! ne m'en parle pas! ;4 ( recognize) reconnaître (by à ; from de) ; I hardly knew him je l'ai à peine reconnu ; I know her by her walk je la reconnais à sa démarche ; she doesn't know a peach from a plum! elle ne sait pas reconnaître une pêche d'une prune! ; only their parents know one from the other il n'y a que leurs parents qui sachent les distinguer ; she knows a bargain when she sees one elle sait repérer les bonnes affaires ;5 ( acknowledge) to be known for sth être connu pour qch ; to be known for doing être connu pour faire ; he's known for providing a good service il est connu pour offrir un bon service ;6 ( experience) connaître [joy, sadness, love] ; you have to know sorrow to know what happiness is il faut avoir connu le chagrin pour savoir ce qu'est le bonheur ;7 ‡ Bible connaître†.1 ( have knowledge) savoir ; as you know comme vous le savez ; you'll know next time tu le sauras pour la prochaine fois ; I wouldn't know je ne saurais dire ; to know about ( have information) être au courant de [event] ; ( have skill) s'y connaître en [computing, engines] ; he knows about such things il s'y connaît ; to know of ( from experience) connaître ; ( from information) avoir entendu parler de ; do you know of a short cut? est-ce que tu connais un raccourci? ; I know of somebody who… j'ai entendu parler de quelqu'un qui… ; not that I know of pas que je sache ; to let sb know of ou about tenir qn au courant de [plans, arrangement, job] ; we'll let you know nous vous tiendrons au courant ; how should I know ○ ! comment veux-tu que je sache! ; if you must know si tu veux tout savoir ; wouldn't you like ou love to know t'aimerais bien le savoir ○ ; if you drop it on your foot, you'll know about it ○ si tu le laisses tomber sur ton pied, tu vas le sentir passer ○ ; if the brakes fail, you'll know about it si les freins lâchent tu t'en rendras compte ; if I were angry with you, you'd know about it si j'étais fâché contre toi, je te le ferais savoir ; I'd ou I'll have you know ○ je te signale ○ ; you know better than to argue with him tu as mieux à faire que de te disputer avec lui ; you left her alone? you ought to have known better tu l'as laissée seule? tu n'aurais pas dû ; he says he came home early but I know better il dit qu'il est rentré tôt mais je n'en crois rien ; they don't know any better c'est un manque d'éducation ; they don't know any better, you do! eux ils ne savent peut-être pas, mais toi tu n'as aucune excuse! ;2 ( feel certain) ‘he won't win’-‘oh I don't know’ ‘il ne va pas gagner’-‘oh je n'en suis pas si sûr’ ; ‘I'll take the morning off’-‘I don't know about that! ’ ‘je vais prendre ma matinée’-‘c'est ce que vous croyez?’ ; ‘is it useful?’-‘I don't know about useful, but it was cheap’ ‘c'est utile?’-‘je ne sais pas si c'est utile mais ce n'était pas cher’ ; I don't know about you but… je ne sais ce que tu en penses, mais… ; I don't know! look at this mess! non mais ○, regarde un peu ce fouillis!it takes one to know one qui se ressemble s'assemble ; not to know what to do with oneself ne pas savoir quoi faire de son temps ; not to know where ou which way to turn fig ne pas savoir à quel saint se vouer ; not to know where to put oneself ne pas savoir où se mettre ; not to know whether one is coming or going ne plus savoir ce qu'on fait ; it's not what you know but who you know ce qui compte ce n'est pas d'avoir des connaissances mais des relations ; to be in the know ○ être bien informé, être à la coule ◑ ; to be in the know about sth ○ être au courant de qch ; I know my place hum je sais que je ne compte pas ; well what do you know! iron en voilà une surprise! iron. -
116 line
A n1 ( mark) ligne f ; (shorter, thicker) trait m ; Art trait m ; Sport (on pitch, court) ligne f ; Math ligne f ; line and colour Art le trait et la couleur ; a straight/curved line une ligne droite/courbe ; a solid/broken line une ligne continue/discontinue ; a single/double line une ligne simple/double ; to draw ou rule a line tracer une ligne ; to draw a line down the middle of the page tracer une ligne verticale au milieu de la page ; to put a line through sth barrer qch ; to cross the line Sport franchir la ligne ; the starting/finishing line Sport la ligne de départ/d'arrivée ; above/below the line ( in bridge) (marqué) en points d'honneur/en points de marche ; the line AB ( in geometry) la droite AB ; the thin line of his mouth ses lèvres fines ;2 ( row) (of people, cars) file f (of de) ; ( of trees) rangée f (of de) ; (of footprints, hills) succession f (of de) ; in straight lines [plant, arrange, sit] en lignes droites ; to stand in a line faire la queue ; get into (a) line! faites la queue! ; to form a line [people] faire la queue ; [hills, houses, trees] être aligné ; please form a line mettez-vous en file s'il vous plaît ; she is fifth in line elle est la cinquième dans la file ; to be in line [buildings] être dans l'alignement ; put the desks in line alignez les bureaux ; to be in line with [shelving, cooker] être dans l'alignement de [cupboard] ; [mark, indicator] coïncider avec [number] ; to be out of line [picture] être de travers ;3 fig to be in line for promotion/a pay rise avoir des chances d'être promu/d'être augmenté ; to be in line for redundancy/takeover risquer d'être mis au chômage/d'être racheté ; to be next in line for promotion/execution être le prochain à être promu/exécuté ; in line for the post of bien placé pour obtenir le poste de ;6 Archit, Sewing ( outline shape) ligne f (of de) ; the classical lines of the building la ligne classique du bâtiment ;7 ( boundary) frontière f ; an imaginary line between une frontière imaginaire entre ; to cross the state line passer la frontière de l'État ; to follow the line of the old walls suivre le tracé des anciens remparts ; there's a fine line between knowledge and pedantry de la culture à la pédanterie il n'y a qu'un pas ;8 ( rope) corde f ; Fishg ligne f ; to put the washing on the line étendre le linge ; a line of washing du linge étendu à sécher ; to throw sb a line lancer une corde à qn ; to cast one's line lancer sa ligne ; there was a fish at the end of the line il y avait un poisson qui mordait ;9 ( cable) Elec ligne f (électrique) ; the line had been cut Elec on avait coupé la ligne ; to bring the lines down Telecom abattre les lignes ; the lines are down Telecom les lignes ont été abattues ;10 Telecom ( connection) ligne f ; a bad line une mauvaise ligne ; outside line ligne f extérieure ; dial 9 to get an outside line faites le 9 pour appeler à l'extérieur ; to be on the line to sb être en ligne avec qn ; to get off the line ○ raccrocher ; at the other end of the line au bout du fil ; the lines will be open from 8.30 onwards vous pouvez nous appeler à partir de 8 h 30 ; the line is dead il n'y a pas de tonalité ; the line went dead la ligne a été coupée ;11 Transp Rail ( connection) ligne f (between entre) ; ( rails) voie f ; (shipping, air transport) ( company) compagnie f ; ( route) ligne f ; repairs to the line réparations sur la voie ; at every station along the line à chaque gare sur la ligne ; the London-Edinburgh line Rail la ligne Londres-Édimbourg ;12 ( in genealogy) lignée f ; the male/female line la lignée par les hommes/les femmes ; the Tudor line la maison des Tudor ; to found ou establish a line fonder une lignée ; the line died out la lignée s'est éteinte ; to come from a long line of scientists être issu d'une longue lignée de scientifiques ; to trace one's line back to sb retracer son ascendance jusqu'à qn ; to trace a line down to sb retracer une descendance jusqu'à qn ; to trace a line through sb retracer l'ascendance du côté de qn ; the title passes to the next in line le titre passe au suivant dans l'ordre de succession ; she is second in line to the throne elle est la deuxième dans l'ordre de succession au trône ;13 ( of text) ( in prose) ligne f ; ( in poetry) vers m ; ( of music) ligne f ; to give sb 100 lines donner 100 lignes à qn ; to start a new line aller à la ligne ; to miss a line sauter une ligne ; write a few lines about your hobbies décrivez vos passe-temps en quelques lignes ; just a line to say thank you juste un petit mot pour dire merci ; a line from une citation de [poem etc] ; a line of verse ou poetry un vers ; the famous opening lines la célèbre introduction ; he has all the best lines il a les meilleures répliques ; to learn one's lines Theat apprendre son texte ;14 ( conformity) to fall into line être d'accord ; to make sb fall into line faire marcher qn au pas ; to fall into line with [person] tomber d'accord avec [view] ; [group, body] être d'accord avec [practice, policy] ; China fell into line with the other powers la Chine s'est mise d'accord avec les autres puissances ; to bring sb into line ramener qn dans le rang ; to bring regional laws into line with federal laws harmoniser les lois régionales et les lois fédérales ; to bring working conditions into line with European standards aligner les conditions de travail sur les normes européennes ; to keep sb in line tenir qn en main ; his statement is out of line with their account sa déclaration ne concorde pas avec leur déposition ; our prices are out of line with those of our competitors nos prix ne s'accordent pas avec ceux de nos concurrents ; to be (way) out of line [objection, remark] être (tout à fait) déplacé ; you're way out of line ○ ! franchement, tu exagères! ;15 ○ ( piece of information) to have a line on sb/sth avoir des informations sur qn/qch ; to give sb a line on sb/sth donner un tuyau ○ à qn sur qn/qch ; to give sb a line about sth (story, excuse) raconter des bobards ○ à qn sur qch ; don't give me that line! ne me raconte pas ces histoires! ;16 ( stance) position f (on sur) ; something along these lines quelque chose dans le même genre ; our rivals had been thinking along the same lines nos concurrents avaient pensé aux mêmes choses ; to be on the right lines être sur la bonne voie ; the official line la position officielle ; ( approach) ligne f de conduite (with avec) ; to take a firm line with sb se montrer ferme avec qn ; I don't know what line to take je ne sais pas quelle ligne de conduite adopter ;17 Comm ( type of product) gamme f ; one of our most successful lines une gamme qui a beaucoup de succès ;18 Mil ( fortifications) ligne f ; ( position held) position f ; enemy lines lignes fpl ennemies ; they held their line ils ont conservé leurs positions ;19 Naut line ahead/abreast ligne de front/de file ;21 ○ ( of cocaine) ligne ○ f (of de) ;22 TV ligne f.B in line with prep phr en accord avec [approach, policy, trend, teaching, requirement] ; to be in line with [statement, measure] être dans la ligne de [policy, view, recommendation] ; [figures, increase] être proportionnel à [inflation, trend] ; to increase/fall in line with augmenter/baisser proportionnellement à ; to vary in line with varier parallèlement à.C vtr1 ( add layer) doubler [garment] (with avec) ; tapisser [box, shelf, nest] (with de) ; to be lined with books être tapissé de livres ; to line the walls and ceilings tapisser les murs et les plafonds d'un papier d'apprêt ;all along the line, right down the line sur toute la ligne ; somewhere along the line ( at point in time) à un certain moment ; ( at stage) quelque part ; something along those lines quelque chose dans ce goût ; to do a line with sb ○ sortir avec qn ; to be on the line [life, job] être en jeu.■ line up:▶ line up1 ( side by side) se mettre en rang (for pour) ; ( one behind the other) se mettre en file (for pour) ; to line up in rows se mettre en rangs ;2 ( take sides) to line up with sb/sth se ranger du côté de qn/qch ; to line up against sb/sth se regrouper contre qn/qch ;▶ line up [sb], line [sb] up ( in row) faire s'aligner ; they lined us up ( in columns) ils nous ont fait former des colonnes ; to line people up against a wall aligner des gens contre un mur ;▶ line [sth] up, line up [sth]1 ( align) aligner (with sur) ;2 ( organize) sélectionner [team] ; to have sb/sth lined up [candidate, work, project, activities] avoir qn/qch en vue ; what have you got lined up for us tonight? qu'est-ce que tu nous as prévu pour ce soir ○ ? -
117 compensation
compensation [‚kɒmpen'seɪʃən]∎ all of the victims will receive compensation toutes les victimes recevront une indemnité;∎ working for oneself has its compensations travailler à son compte a ses avantages;∎ in compensation for en compensation de;∎ by way of compensation for your wasted time pour compenser le temps perdu(b) (adaptation) compensation f; (in weight) contrepoids m; Technology compensation f, neutralisation fBritish compensation package (for redundancy) prime f de licenciement; American (when starting new job) avantages mpl sociaux;Commerce compensation plan mode m de rémunérationUn panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > compensation
-
118 hold
hold [həʊld]tenir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (f), 1B (a), 1B (b), 1D (b), 1D (d), 2 (d) avoir ⇒ 1A (c) retenir ⇒ 1A (e), 1C (b) contenir ⇒ 1A (f) exercer ⇒ 1A (g) réserver ⇒ 1A (e), 1A (h) conserver ⇒ 1A (i) stocker ⇒ 1A (i) maintenir ⇒ 1B (a) détenir ⇒ 1A (i), 1C (a) croire ⇒ 1D (a) continuer ⇒ 1D (e) se tenir ⇒ 2 (a) tenir bon ⇒ 2 (b) durer ⇒ 2 (c) attendre ⇒ 2 (f) prise ⇒ 3D (a)-(c) en attente ⇒ 4D(pt & pp held [held])A.(a) (clasp, grasp) tenir;∎ to hold sth in one's hand (book, clothing, guitar) avoir qch à la main; (key, money) tenir qch dans la main;∎ to hold sth with both hands tenir qch à deux mains;∎ will you hold my coat a second? peux-tu prendre ou tenir mon manteau un instant?;∎ to hold the door for sb tenir la porte à ou pour qn;∎ also figurative to hold sb's hand tenir la main à qn;∎ to hold hands se donner la main, se tenir (par) la main;∎ hold my hand while we cross the street donne-moi la main pour traverser la rue;∎ to hold sb in one's arms tenir qn dans ses bras;∎ to hold sb close or tight serrer qn contre soi;∎ hold it tight and don't let go tiens-le bien et ne le lâche pas;∎ to hold one's nose se boucher le nez;∎ to hold one's sides with laughter se tenir les côtes de rire(b) (keep, sustain)∎ to hold sb's attention/interest retenir l'attention de qn;∎ the film doesn't hold the attention for long le film ne retient pas l'attention très longtemps;∎ to hold an audience tenir un auditoire;∎ to hold one's serve (in tennis) défendre son service;∎ to hold one's own se défendre, bien se débrouiller;∎ the Prime Minister held her own during the debate le Premier ministre a tenu bon ou ferme pendant le débat;∎ she is well able to hold her own elle sait se défendre;∎ he can hold his own in chess il se défend bien aux échecs;∎ our products hold their own against the competition nos produits se tiennent bien par rapport à la concurrence;∎ to hold the floor garder la parole;∎ the senator held the floor for an hour le sénateur a gardé la parole pendant une heure∎ do you hold a clean driving licence? avez-vous déjà été sanctionné pour des infractions au code de la route?;∎ she holds the post of treasurer elle occupe le poste de trésorière;∎ to hold office (chairperson, deputy) être en fonction, remplir sa fonction; (minister) détenir ou avoir un portefeuille; (political party, president) être au pouvoir ou au gouvernement;∎ Religion to hold a living jouir d'un bénéfice;∎ Finance to hold stock or shares détenir ou avoir des actions;∎ to hold 5 percent of the shares in a company détenir 5 pour cent du capital d'une société;∎ also figurative to hold a record détenir un record;∎ she holds the world record for the javelin elle détient le record mondial du javelot∎ the guerrillas held the bridge for several hours les guérilleros ont tenu le pont plusieurs heures durant;∎ Military to hold the enemy contenir l'ennemi;∎ figurative to hold centre stage occuper le centre de la scène;(e) (reserve, set aside) retenir, réserver;∎ we'll hold the book for you until next week nous vous réserverons le livre ou nous vous mettrons le livre de côté jusqu'à la semaine prochaine;∎ will the restaurant hold the table for us? est-ce que le restaurant va nous garder la table?∎ this bottle holds 2 litres cette bouteille contient 2 litres;∎ will this suitcase hold all our clothes? est-ce que cette valise sera assez grande pour tous nos vêtements?;∎ the car is too small to hold us all la voiture est trop petite pour qu'on y tienne tous;∎ the hall holds a maximum of 250 people la salle peut accueillir ou recevoir 250 personnes au maximum, il y a de la place pour 250 personnes au maximum dans cette salle;∎ to hold one's drink bien supporter l'alcool;∎ the letter holds the key to the murder la lettre contient la clé du meurtre(g) (have, exercise) exercer;∎ the subject holds a huge fascination for some people le sujet exerce une énorme fascination sur certaines personnes;∎ sport held no interest for them pour eux, le sport ne présentait aucun intérêt(h) (have in store) réserver;∎ who knows what the future may hold? qui sait ce que nous réserve l'avenir?∎ we can't hold this data forever nous ne pouvons pas conserver ou stocker ces données éternellement;∎ how much data will this disk hold? quelle quantité de données cette disquette peut-elle stocker?;∎ the commands are held in the memory/in a temporary buffer les instructions sont gardées en mémoire/sont enregistrées dans une mémoire intermédiaire;∎ my lawyer holds a copy of my will mon avocat détient ou conserve un exemplaire de mon testament;∎ this photo holds fond memories for me cette photo me rappelle de bons souvenirs∎ the new car holds the road well la nouvelle voiture tient bien la routeB.(a) (maintain in position) tenir, maintenir;∎ she held her arms by her sides elle avait les bras le long du corps;∎ her hair was held in place with hairpins des épingles (à cheveux) retenaient ou maintenaient ses cheveux;∎ what's holding the picture in place? qu'est-ce qui tient ou maintient le tableau en place?;∎ hold the picture a bit higher tenez le tableau un peu plus haut∎ to hold oneself upright or erect se tenir droit;∎ also figurative to hold one's head high garder la tête hauteC.(a) (confine, detain) détenir;∎ the police are holding him for questioning la police l'a gardé à vue pour l'interroger;∎ they're holding him for murder ils l'ont arrêté pour meurtre;∎ she was held without trial for six weeks elle est restée en prison six semaines sans avoir été jugée(b) (keep back, retain) retenir;∎ Law to hold sth in trust for sb tenir qch par fidéicommis pour qn;∎ the post office will hold my mail for me while I'm away la poste gardera mon courrier pendant mon absence;∎ figurative once she starts talking politics there's no holding her! dès qu'elle commence à parler politique, rien ne peut l'arrêter!;∎ don't hold dinner for me ne m'attendez pas pour dîner;∎ they held the plane another thirty minutes ils ont retenu l'avion au sol pendant encore trente minutes;∎ hold all decisions on the project until I get back attendez mon retour pour prendre des décisions concernant le projet;∎ hold the front page! ne lancez pas la une tout de suite!;∎ hold the lift! ne laissez pas les portes de l'ascenseur se refermer, j'arrive!∎ we have held costs to a minimum nous avons limité nos frais au minimum;∎ inflation has been held at the same level for several months le taux d'inflation est maintenu au même niveau depuis plusieurs mois;∎ they held their opponents to a goalless draw ils ont réussi à imposer le match nulD.∎ formal I hold that teachers should be better paid je considère ou j'estime que les enseignants devraient être mieux payés;∎ the Constitution holds that all men are free la Constitution stipule que tous les hommes sont libres;∎ he holds strong beliefs on the subject of abortion il a de solides convictions en ce qui concerne l'avortement;∎ she holds strong views on the subject elle a une opinion bien arrêtée sur le sujet;∎ her statement is held to be true sa déclaration passe pour vraie(b) (consider, regard) tenir, considérer;∎ to hold sb responsible for sth tenir qn pour responsable de qch;∎ I'll hold you responsible if anything goes wrong je vous tiendrai pour responsable ou je vous considérerai responsable s'il y a le moindre incident;∎ the president is to be held accountable for his actions le président doit répondre de ses actes;∎ to hold sb in contempt mépriser ou avoir du mépris pour qn;∎ to hold sb in high esteem avoir beaucoup d'estime pour qn, tenir qn en haute estime∎ the appeal court held the evidence to be insufficient la cour d'appel a considéré que les preuves étaient insuffisantes∎ to hold an election/elections procéder à une élection/à des élections;∎ the book fair is held in Frankfurt la foire du livre se tient ou a lieu à Francfort;∎ the classes are held in the evening les cours ont lieu le soir;∎ interviews will be held in early May les entretiens auront lieu au début du mois de mai ou début mai;∎ to hold talks être en pourparlers;∎ the city is holding a service for Armistice Day la ville organise un office pour commémorer le 11 novembre;∎ mass is held at eleven o'clock la messe est célébrée à onze heures(e) (continue without deviation) continuer;∎ Nautical to hold course tenir la route;∎ we held our southerly course nous avons maintenu le cap au sud, nous avons continué notre route vers le sud;∎ Music to hold a note tenir une note∎ will you hold (the line)? voulez-vous patienter?;∎ hold the line! ne quittez pas!;∎ the line's busy just now - I'll hold le poste est occupé pour le moment - je patiente ou je reste en ligne;∎ hold all my calls ne me passez aucun appel(a) (cling → person) se tenir, s'accrocher;∎ she held tight to the railing elle s'est cramponnée ou accrochée à la rampe;∎ hold fast!, hold tight! accrochez-vous bien!;∎ figurative their resolve held fast or firm in the face of fierce opposition ils ont tenu bon face à une opposition acharnée(b) (remain in place → nail, fastening) tenir bon;∎ the rope won't hold for long la corde ne tiendra pas longtemps∎ prices held at the same level as last year les prix se sont maintenus au même niveau que l'année dernière;∎ the pound held firm against the dollar la livre s'est maintenue par rapport au dollar;∎ we might buy him a guitar if his interest in music holds nous lui achèterons peut-être une guitare s'il continue à s'intéresser à la musique∎ to hold good (invitation, offer) tenir; (promises) tenir, valoir; (argument, theory) rester valable;∎ the principle still holds good le principe tient ou vaut toujours;∎ that theory only holds if you consider... cette théorie n'est valable que si vous prenez en compte...;∎ the same holds for Spain il en est de même pour l'Espagne∎ hold still! ne bougez pas!□(f) (on telephone) attendre;∎ the line's British engaged or American busy, will you hold? la ligne est occupée, voulez-vous patienter?3 noun∎ to catch or to grab or to seize or to take hold of sth se saisir de ou saisir qch;∎ she caught hold of the rope elle a saisi la corde;∎ grab (a) hold of that towel tiens! prends cette serviette;∎ there was nothing for me to grab hold of il n'y avait rien à quoi m'accrocher ou me cramponner;∎ get a good or take a firm hold on or of the railing tenez-vous bien à la balustrade;∎ I still had hold of his hand je le tenais toujours par la main;∎ to get hold of sth (find) se procurer ou trouver qch;∎ it's difficult to get hold of this book ce livre est difficile à trouver;∎ we got hold of the book you wanted nous avons trouvé le livre que tu voulais;∎ where did you get hold of that idea? où est-ce que tu es allé chercher cette idée?;∎ to get hold of sb trouver qn;∎ I've been trying to get hold of you all week! je t'ai cherché toute la semaine!;∎ just wait till the newspapers get hold of the story attendez un peu que les journaux s'emparent de la nouvelle;∎ she kept hold of the rope elle n'a pas lâché la corde;∎ you'd better keep hold of the tickets tu ferais bien de garder les billets;∎ get a hold on yourself ressaisis-toi, ne te laisse pas aller;∎ Sport & figurative no holds barred tous les coups sont permis(b) (controlling force or influence) prise f, influence f;∎ the Church still exerts a strong hold on the country l'Église a toujours une forte mainmise sur le pays;∎ to have a hold over sb avoir de l'influence sur qn;∎ I have no hold over him je n'ai aucune prise ou influence sur lui;∎ the Mafia obviously has some kind of hold over him de toute évidence, la Mafia le tient d'une manière ou d'une autre(c) (in climbing) prise f(d) (delay, pause) pause f, arrêt m;∎ the company has put a hold on all new orders l'entreprise a suspendu ou gelé toutes les nouvelles commandes∎ the association put a hold on all the hotel rooms l'association a réservé toutes les chambres de l'hôtel(gen) & Telecommunications en attente;∎ to put sb on hold mettre qn en attente;∎ we've put the project on hold nous avons mis le projet en attente;∎ the operator kept me on hold for ten minutes le standardiste m'a mis en attente pendant dix minutes∎ to hold sth against sb en vouloir à qn de qch;∎ his collaboration with the enemy will be held against him sa collaboration avec l'ennemi lui sera préjudiciable;∎ he lied to her and she still holds it against him il lui a menti et elle lui en veut toujours;∎ I hope you won't hold it against me if I decide not to accept j'espère que tu ne m'en voudras pas si je décide de ne pas accepter(a) (control, restrain → animal, person) retenir, tenir; (→ crowd, enemy forces) contenir; (→ anger, laughter, tears) retenir, réprimer; (→ inflation) contenir;∎ the government has succeeded in holding back inflation le gouvernement a réussi à contenir l'inflation∎ she's holding something back from me elle me cache quelque chose∎ they held her back a year ils lui ont fait redoubler une classe, ils l'ont fait redoubler(d) (prevent progress of) empêcher de progresser;∎ his difficulties with maths are holding him back ses difficultés en maths l'empêchent de progresser;∎ lack of investment is holding industry back l'absence d'investissements freine l'industrie∎ he has held back from making a commitment il s'est abstenu de s'engager;∎ the president held back before sending in the army le président a hésité avant d'envoyer les troupes;∎ don't hold back, tell me everything vas-y, dis-moi tout(a) (keep in place → paper, carpet) maintenir en place; (→ person) forcer à rester par terre, maintenir au sol;∎ it took four men to hold him down il a fallu quatre hommes pour le maîtriser ou pour le maintenir au sol(b) (keep to limit) restreindre, limiter;∎ they're holding unemployment down to 4 percent ils maintiennent le taux de chômage à 4 pour cent;∎ to hold prices down empêcher les prix de monter, empêcher la montée des prix∎ he's never managed to hold down a job il n'a jamais pu garder un emploi bien longtemps;∎ although she's a student, she holds down a full-time job bien qu'elle étudie, elle occupe un poste à plein tempspérorer, disserter;∎ he held forth on the evils of drink il a fait un long discours sur les conséquences néfastes de l'alcool➲ hold off(a) (keep at distance) tenir à distance ou éloigné;∎ the troops held off the enemy les troupes ont tenu l'ennemi à distance;∎ they managed to hold off the attack ils ont réussi à repousser l'attaque;∎ I can't hold the reporters off any longer je ne peux plus faire attendre ou patienter les journalistes(b) (delay, put off) remettre à plus tard;∎ he held off going to see the doctor until May il a attendu le mois de mai pour aller voir le médecin;∎ I held off making a decision j'ai remis la décision à plus tard∎ at least the rain held off au moins il n'a pas plu∎ hold off from smoking for a few weeks abstenez-vous de fumer ou ne fumez pas pendant quelques semaines➲ hold on(a) (grasp, grip) tenir bien, s'accrocher;∎ to hold on to sth bien tenir qch, s'accrocher à qch, se cramponner à qch;∎ hold on! accrochez-vous!;∎ hold on to your hat! tenez votre chapeau (sur la tête)!(b) (keep possession of) garder;∎ hold on to this contract for me (keep it) garde-moi ce contrat;∎ all politicians try to hold on to power tous les hommes politiques essaient de rester au pouvoir;∎ hold on to your dreams/ideals accrochez-vous à vos rêves/idéaux(c) (continue, persevere) tenir, tenir le coup;∎ how long can you hold on? combien de temps pouvez-vous tenir (le coup)?;∎ I can't hold on much longer je ne peux pas tenir (le coup) beaucoup plus longtemps∎ hold on, how do I know I can trust you? attends un peu! qu'est-ce qui me prouve que je peux te faire confiance?;∎ Telecommunications hold on please! ne quittez pas!;∎ I had to hold on for several minutes j'ai dû patienter plusieurs minutes(maintain in place) tenir ou maintenir en place;∎ her hat is held on with pins son chapeau est maintenu (en place) par des épingles➲ hold out(a) (last → supplies, stocks) durer;∎ will the car hold out till we get home? la voiture tiendra-t-elle (le coup) jusqu'à ce qu'on rentre?(b) (refuse to yield) tenir bon, tenir le coup;∎ the garrison held out for weeks la garnison a tenu bon pendant des semaines;∎ the management held out against any suggested changes la direction a refusé tous les changements proposés(extend) tendre;∎ she held out the book to him elle lui a tendu le livre;∎ also figurative to hold out one's hand to sb tendre la main à qn;∎ I held out my hand j'ai tendu la main;∎ his mother held her arms out to him sa mère lui a ouvert ou tendu les bras(offer) offrir;∎ I can't hold out any promise of improvement je ne peux promettre aucune amélioration;∎ the doctors hold out little hope for him les médecins ont peu d'espoir pour lui;∎ science holds out some hope for cancer patients la science offre un espoir pour les malades du cancerexiger;∎ the workers held out for a shorter working week les ouvriers réclamaient une semaine de travail plus courte;∎ we're holding out for a higher offer nous attendons qu'on nous en offre un meilleur prix∎ you're holding out on me! tu me caches quelque chose!□(a) (position) tenir au-dessus de;∎ she held the glass over the sink elle tenait le verre au-dessus de l'évier;∎ figurative they hold the threat of redundancy over their workers ils maintiennent la menace de licenciement sur leurs ouvriers(b) (postpone) remettre, reporter;∎ we'll hold these items over until the next meeting on va remettre ces questions à la prochaine réunion;∎ payment was held over for six months le paiement a été différé pendant six mois∎ they're holding the show over for another month ils vont laisser le spectacle à l'affiche encore un mois➲ hold to(promise, tradition) s'en tenir à, rester fidèle à; (decision) maintenir, s'en tenir à;∎ you must hold to your principles vous devez rester fidèle à vos principes∎ we held him to his promise nous lui avons fait tenir parole;∎ if I win, I'll buy you lunch - I'll hold you to that! si je gagne, je t'invite à déjeuner - je te prends au mot!∎ the two pieces of wood are held together by nails les deux morceaux de bois sont cloués ensemble;∎ we need a leader who can hold the workers together il nous faut un chef qui puisse rallier les ouvriers➲ hold up(a) (lift, raise) lever, élever;∎ I held up my hand j'ai levé la main;∎ hold the picture up to the light tenez la photo à contre-jour;∎ to hold up one's head redresser la tête;∎ figurative she felt she would never be able to hold her head up again elle pensait qu'elle ne pourrait plus jamais marcher la tête haute∎ my trousers were held up with safety pins mon pantalon était maintenu par des épingles de sûreté∎ they were held up as an example of efficient local government on les présentaient comme un exemple de gouvernement local compétent;∎ to hold sb up to ridicule tourner qn en ridicule∎ the traffic held us up la circulation nous a mis en retard;∎ the accident held up traffic for an hour l'accident a bloqué la circulation pendant une heure;∎ our departure was held up by bad weather notre départ a été retardé par le mauvais temps;∎ I was held up j'ai été retenu;∎ the project was held up for lack of funds (before it started) le projet a été mis en attente faute de financement; (after it started) le projet a été interrompu faute de financement;∎ the goods were held up at customs les marchandises ont été immobilisées à la douane∎ to hold up a bank faire un hold-up dans une banque∎ the car held up well during the trip la voiture a bien tenu le coup pendant le voyage;∎ she's holding up well under the pressure elle supporte bien la pression;∎ my finances are holding up well je tiens le coup financièrement∎ I don't hold with her ideas on socialism je ne suis pas d'accord avec ou je ne partage pas ses idées concernant le socialisme;∎ his mother doesn't hold with private schools sa mère est contre ou désapprouve les écoles privées -
119 selection
выбор; отбор; селекция ( целей) ; переключение ( режима работы) ; включение ( системы) -
120 standby
1. резервирование2. резервcold standby — холодный резерв; ненагруженный резерв
standby time — время нахождения в резерве; время ожидания ответа на запрос
3. резервныйstandby block — запасной блок; резервный блок
English-Russian dictionary of Information technology > standby
См. также в других словарях:
Redundancy (engineering) — In engineering, redundancy is the duplication of critical s of a system with the intention of increasing reliability of the system, usually in the case of a backup or fail safe. In many safety critical systems, such as fly by wire aircraft, some… … Wikipedia
Redundancy theory of truth — According to the redundancy theory of truth, or the disquotational theory of truth, asserting that a statement is true is completely equivalent to asserting the statement itself. For example, asserting the sentence Snow is white is true is … Wikipedia
Time-Triggered Protocol — Introduction= TTP (Time Triggered Protocol) is an open and modular control system platform technology that supports the design of upgradeable, reusable and easy to integrate systems. As a time triggered field bus, it can significantly impact the… … Wikipedia
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol — (VRRP) is a non proprietary redundancy protocol described in RFC 3768 designed to increase the availability of the default gateway servicing hosts on the same subnet. This increased reliability is achieved by advertising a virtual router (an… … Wikipedia
Cyclic redundancy check — A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error detecting code designed to detect accidental changes to raw computer data, and is commonly used in digital networks and storage devices such as hard disk drives. Blocks of data entering these systems… … Wikipedia
Logic redundancy — occurs in a a digital gate network containing circuitry that does not affect the static logic function. There are several reasons why logic redundancy may exist. One reason is that it may have been added deliberately to suppress transient… … Wikipedia
Common Address Redundancy Protocol — The Common Address Redundancy Protocol or CARP is a protocol which allows multiple hosts on the same local network to share a set of IP addresses. Its primary purpose is to provide failover redundancy, especially when used with firewalls and… … Wikipedia
Triple modular redundancy — In computing, triple modular redundancy (TMR) is a fault tolerant form of N modular redundancy, in which three systems perform a process and that result is processed by a voting system to produce a single output. If any one of the three systems… … Wikipedia
Space–time block code — This article deals with coherent space–time block codes (STBCs). For differential space–time block codes, see differential space–time codes.Space–time block coding is a technique used in wireless communications to transmit multiple copies of a… … Wikipedia
Voluntary redundancy — (VR) is a financial incentive offered by an organisation to its employees with the purpose of attracting volunteers to leave the organisation, due to downsizing or restructuring situations. The purpose is to circumvent union employee regulation… … Wikipedia
N+1 redundancy — is a form of resilience that ensures system availability in the event of component failure. Components (N) have at least one independent backup component (+1). The level of resilience is referred to as active/passive or standby as backup… … Wikipedia