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1 sin
1 a word either meaning "thus" adverb or "this" as an independent word in the sentence, not modifying another word like sina does. Attested in the sentence sin quentë Quendingoldo Elendilenna, either *"this Pengolodh said to Elendil" or "thus spoke Pengolodh to Elendil" PM:401. Patrick Wynne argues that sin is an adverb thus derived from the stem si- this by me VT49:18 2 adv., a form of sí "now" q.v. often occurring before vowels; also sín SI. However, sí itself q.v. may also appear before a vowel. -
2 vehtë
noun life - not Life in general or as a principle, but a period of individual activity, thus also the place where a person, people &c. lived and had their business, i.e. habitat, haunt PE17:189 -
3 na
1 form of the verb "to be", evidently the imperative or subjunctive: Tolkien stated that na airë would mean "be holy" VT43:14, and san na q.v. must mean "thus be" = "let it be so"; see ná \#1 Cf. also the sentence alcar mi tarmenel una/u Erun "glory in high heaven ube/u to God" VT44:32/34. Inserted in front of a verb, na expresses a wish: aranielya na tuluva "may thy kingdom come" ibid. 2 prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by \#1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead NĀsup1/sup. Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana VT45:36. -
4 san
1 adv. "then" MC:216; also twice in Narqelion, a Qenya term apparently replaced by tá in Tolkiens later conception. In his later Quenya, san would be the dative form of sa it, hence for it; to it. 2 adv. ephemeral word for "so" yan...san "as...so"; san na "thus be" = let it be so, "amen"; this form was apparently quickly abandoned by Tolkien VT43:16, 24, VT49.18 -
5 intë
*"themselves", 3rd person pl. reflexive pronoun, e.g. *i neri tirir intë, "the men watch themselves". Intë is derived from earlier imte VT47:37. Conceivably intë is only used for "themselves" with reference to persons; impersonal "themselves" ought to be *inta or *intai, compare ta \#3, tai \#2. A form *intai might however have evolved into *intë by the Third Age like pl. adjectives in -ai later came to end in -ë, thus converging with the personal form.% In an earlier source, Tolkien listed intë as an emphatic pronoun *they, 3rd person plural VT49:48, 49; compare the pronominal ending -ntë. The word intë derived from inde via inze, an unusual development in Quenya also appears as a candidate 2nd person singular polite form VT49:49. -
6 indo
1 noun heart, mood ID, state perhaps especially state of mind, given the other glosses VT39:23, mind, region/range of thought, mood PE17:155, 179, inner thought, in fea as exhibited in character or ?personality PE17:189. In another post-LotR source, indo is translated resolve or will, the state of mind leading directly to action VT41:13. Indo is thus the mind in its purposing faculty, the will VT41:17. Indo-ninya,a word occurring in Fíriels Song, translated my heart see ninya. In the compound indemma mind-picture, the first element would seem to be indo. 2 noun house LT2:343, probably obsoleted by \#1 above in Tolkiens later Quenya, the word for house appears as coa. -
7 fana
noun term denoting the "veils" or "raiment" in which the Valar presented themselves to physical eyes, the bodies in which they were self-incarnated, usually in the shape of the bodies of Elves and Men RGEO:74, PE17:173-180. According to PE17:26, fana may be said to mean shape with added notion of light and whiteness, it is thus often used where we might use a vision of something beautiful or sublime, yet with no connotation of uncertainty or unreality. -
8 selda
adj.? noun? meaning not clear, related to seldë "child" meaning changed by Tolkien from "daughter" and seldo *"boy". Thus selda may be an adjective *"childlike", since -a is a frequent adjectival ending. Alternatively, as suggested in VT46:13, selda may be a neuter noun "child", corresponding to masc. seldo *"boy" and fem. seldë *"girl" before Tolkien changed the meaning of the latter to "child".SEL-D, cf. VT46:22-23 -
9 ua-
negative verb not do, not be. If a verb is to be negated, ua coming before the verb receives any pronominal endings and presumably also any endings for plurality or duality, -r or -t, whereas the uninflected tense-stem of the verb follows: With the ending -n for I, one can thus have constructions like uan carë *I do not aorist, uan carnë *I did not past, uan cára *I am not doing present, uan caruva *I shall not do future. The verb ua- can itself be fully conjugated: \#ua aorist or present?, únë past, úva future, \#uië perfect the aorist and perfect are attested only with the ending -n I. In archaic Quenya these tense-forms could be combined with an uninflected aorist stem, e.g. future *úvan carë = later Quenya uan caruva, I shall not do. In later Quenya, only the forms ua present or aorist and occasionally the past tense form \#únë were used in normal prose únen *I did not, was not. PE17:144; compare FS for úva as a future-tense negative verb will not -
10 ehtyar
noun "spearman" EK/EKTE. According to VT45:12, Tolkien at one point also meant ehtyar to be the name of Tengwa \#15 with overposed dots to indicate a palatal sound; the letter would thus have the value hty. However, according to the classical Tengwar spelling of Quenya as outlined in LotR Appendix E, such a letter would rather have the value **ncy since \#15 is there assigned the value nc in Quenya, but since **ncy is not a possible Quenya combination, a palatal variant of \#15 would not occur in the classical Quenya mode. -
11 Sauro(þ)
1, usually in longer form Sauron þ, masc. name "the Abhorred", name of a Maia, the second Dark Lord said to be the name by which he was "afterwards called", MR:147; according to PE17:183, his original name was Mairon, q.v.. Earlier Thauron SA:thaur, THUS, archaic *Θaurond- Letters:380, where the initial Greek letter represents th. The stem of Sauron would then be *Saurond-. Another form of the name is Súro. -
12 Vala
1 noun "Power, God, angelic power", pl. Valar or Vali BAL, Appendix E, LT2:348, described as angelic governors or angelic guardians Letters:354, 407. The Valar are a group of immensely powerful spirits guarding the world on behalf of its Creator; they are sometimes called Gods as when Valacirca, q.v., is translated Sickle of the Gods, but this is strictly wrong according to Christian terminology: the Valar were created beings. The noun vala is also the name of tengwa \#22 Appendix E. Genitive plural Valion "of the Valar" FS, MR:18; this form shows the pl. Vali, irregular alternative to Valar the straightforward gen. pl. Valaron is also attested, PE17:175. Pl. allative valannar *"to/on the Valar" LR:47, 56; SD:246. Feminine form Valië Silm, in Tolkiens earlier material also Valdë; his early writings also list Valon or Valmo q.v. as specifically masc. forms. The gender-specific forms are not obligatory; thus in PE17:22 Varda is called a Vala not a Valië, likewise Yavanna in PE17:93. Vala is properly or originally a verb "has power" sc. over the matter of Eä, the universe, also used as a noun "a Power" WJ:403. The verb vala- "rule, order", exclusively used with reference to the Valar, is only attested in the sentences á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!" and Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar will be done" WJ:404. However, Tolkien did not originally intend the word Valar to signify "powers"; in his early conception it apparently meant "the happy ones", cf. valto, vald- LT2:348. For various compounds including the word Valar, see below. -
13 fuinë
noun "deep shadow" PHUY; cf. "Qenya" fuin "night" in MC:221. According to VT41:8, fuinë is not a Quenya form at all, but Telerin for Quenya huinë but unquestionably, fuinë is quoted as a Quenya form in certain earlier sources; cf. also Fuinur below - perhaps we may assume that fuinë was borrowed into Quenya from Telerin and thus came to co-exist with huinë? -
14 Valinor
place-name "the land or people of the Valar", *"Vali-land" Vali = Valar, land of the Gods in the West BAL, NDOR; cf. Valandor. Full form Valinórë BAL; Vali-nórë under NDOR.Said to be the true Eldarin name of Aman, the latter name being explained as a borrowing from Valarin in some versions of the linguistic scenario VT49:26. In the early "Qenya Lexicon", Valinor, Valinórë is glossed "Asgard", the name of the city of the gods in Norse mythology LT1:272. It seems that in such more restricted use, Valinor is not the entire Blessed Realm but rather the specific region beyond the Pelóri where most of the Valar dwelt, with Valimar as the chief city. Thus it is said of Eärendil that he went into Valinor and to the halls of Valimar only after he had already left his ship and ventured as far as Tirion Silmarillion, chapter 24. Possessive Valinóreva in Nurtalë Valinóreva, the "Hiding of Valinor", the possessive case here assuming the function of object genitive Silm; genitive Valinórëo in Yénië Valinórëo Annals of Valinor MR:200; the last word was changed from Valinóren, Tolkien revising the genitive ending from -n to -o -
15 an-
2 intensive or superlative prefix carrying the idea of "very" or "most", seen in ancalima "most bright" cf. calima "bright", antara "very high, very lofty" and \#anyára *"very old" or *"oldest" the latter form occurring in the so-called Elaine inscription VT49:40, there with the dative ending -n. Assimilated to am- before p-, as in amparca "k" "very dry", and to al-, ar-, as- before words in l-, r-, s- though Tolkien seems to indicate that before words in l- derived from earlier d, the original quality of the consonant would be preserved so that forms in and- rather than all- would result. See also un-. Letters:279, VT45:5, 36 Regarding the form of the superlative prefix before certain consonants, another, partially discrepant system was also set down in the Etymologies and first published in VT45:36. The prefix was to appear as um- or un- before labialized consonants like p-, qu-, v- the consonant v preserving its ancient pronunciation b- following the prefix, thus producing a word in umb-, as in- technically iñ- before c- and g- the latter presumably referring to words that originally had initial g-, later lost in Quenya but evidently preserved following this prefix, and as an- otherwise. However, this system would contradict the canonical example ancalima, which would have been *incalima if Tolkien had maintained this idea. In a post-LotR source, the basic form of the prefix is given as am- instead see am- \#2. In this late conception, the prefix still appears as an- before most consonants, but as ama- before r, l, and the form an- is used even before s- whether original or from þ, not the assimilated variant as- described above. General principles would suggest that the form am- should also appear before y- so the form \#anyára probably presupposes an- rather than am- as the basic form of the prefix, Tolkien revisiting the earlier concept in the Elaine inscription. PE17:92 3 prefix "re" in antúlien, q.v. LotR-style Quenya shows en- instead. -
16 sië
adv. "thus" VT43:24, VT49:18 -
17 nelequë
"kw" cardinal "thirteen" VT48:21. The spelling "nelekwe" occurring in the primary source could suggest that this is really a Common Eldarin form; if so, one could theorize that the Quenya form would be *nelquë with syncope of the middle vowel the same source lists "minikwe" as a word for 11, and the Quenya form is known to be minque. Compare nelquëa. On the other hand, "tolokwe" as a word for 18 is listed together with definite Quenya forms and is apparently an unorthodox spelling of *toloquë as observed by the editor; here no syncope producing *tolquë occurs. Thus toloquë could support ?nelequë as the Quenya word but because of the uncertainties, yunquentë may be preferred as the word for 13. -
18 Tindómiel
fem. name UT:210, probably *"daughter of twilight" tindómë + -iel and thus the equivalent of Sindarin Tinúviel. Compare tindómerel. -
19 mori-
"dark, black" in a number of compounds independent form morë, q.v.:Morimando "Dark Mando" = Mandos MBAD, VT45:33, morimaitë "black-handed" LotR3:VI ch. 6, VT49:42. Moriquendi "Dark Elves" SA:mor, WJ:361, 373, Moringotto "Black Foe", Sindarin Morgoth, later name of Melkor. The oldest form is said to have been Moriñgotho MR:194. In late material, Tolkien is seen to consider both Moringotto and Moricotto k as the Quenya form of the name Morgoth VT49:24-25; Moricotto also appears in the ablative, Moricottollo. Morion "the dark one", a title of Morgoth FS. Morifinwë "dark Finwë", masc. name; he was called Caranthir in Sindarin short Quenya name Moryo. PM:353 In the name Morinehtar, translated "Darkness-slayer", the initial element is defined would thus seem to signify "darkness" rather than "dark" as an adjective see mórë. PM:384, 385 -
20 Súro(þ)
masc. name, alternative form of Sauron THUS
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См. также в других словарях:
Thus — ([th]us), adv. [OE. thus, AS. [eth]us; akin to OFries. & OS. thus, D. dus, and E. that; cf. OHG. sus. See {That}.] 1. In this or that manner; on this wise. [1913 Webster] Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he. Gen. vi … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
thus — [ ðʌs ] adverb FORMAL *** Thus can be used in the following ways: as a way of showing how a sentence or clause is related to what has already been said: No decision had been made, and thus the situation remained unclear. as an ordinary adverb:… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
thus — thus, thusly Thus is a word with an awkward role in modern English. Used sparingly and appropriately, it is highlȳ effective, whereas when over used it can seem stilted and affected. It has two basic meanings, (1) ‘in this way’, and (2)… … Modern English usage
thus — W1 [ðʌs] adv formal [: Old English;] 1.) [sentence adverb] as a result of something that you have just mentioned ▪ Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty. 2.) in this manner or way ▪ … Dictionary of contemporary English
thus — [adv1] in this manner along these lines, as follows, hence, in kind, in such a way, in this fashion, in this way, just like that, like so, like this, so, thus and so, thus and thus, thusly, to such a degree; concept 544 thus [adv2] accordingly… … New thesaurus
Thus — Thus, n. [L. thus, better tus, frankincense. See {Thurible}.] The commoner kind of frankincense, or that obtained from the Norway spruce, the long leaved pine, and other conifers. [1913 Webster] [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
thus — O.E. þus in this way, related to þæt that and THIS (Cf. this), but the exact connection and P.Gmc. history are obscure. Cognate with O.S., O.Fris. thus, M.Du., Du. dus. Colloquial adv. thusly first recorded 1865 … Etymology dictionary
thus — [thus] adv. [ME < OE] 1. in this or that manner; in the way just stated or in the following manner 2. to this or that degree or extent; so 3. according to this or that; consequently; therefore; hence: often used as a conjunctive adverb 4. for… … English World dictionary
thus|ly — «THUHS lee», adverb. Informal. thus: »A Pisa pizza pie peddler we contacted commented thusly: “Balderdash!” (Maclean s) … Useful english dictionary
Thus — (lat.), Weihrauch, Olibanum, s. b … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
thus — index a fortiori, consequently Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
