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1 THOUGHT
sanwë; COMMUNICATION OF THOUGHT, INTERCHANGE OF THOUGHT (= telepathy) ósanwë; THOUGHT-OPENING sanwë-latya (direct, telepathic thought-transfer); THOUGHT-SENDING sanwe-menta (mental message) –VT39:23, 30, MR:415, VT41:5 -
2 INTERCHANGE OF
THOUGHT (= telepathy) ósanwë (communication of thought). –VT39:26 -
3 AS
(prep) ve (like). The longer variant sívë appears to introduce a comparison with something that is near to the point or thought of the speaker, whereas tambë introduces a comparison with something remote, as in Tolkien's translation of one line from the Lord's Prayer: cemendë tambë Erumandë "on earth as in heaven" ("heaven" being remote – we may theorize that "in heaven as [here] on earth" would translate as *Erumandë sívë cemendë, since "earth" would represent the position of the speaker). NOTE: a homophone sívë means "peace". The word yan, related to the relative ya “which”, is also defined “as” in one text (VT49:18). AS REGARDS pa, pá (concerning, touching). AS USUAL ve senwa (also ve senya, but see USUAL). –Nam/RGEO:66, 67, VT43:12, 38, VT44:26, VT49:22 -
4 BARK
(noun) – Tolkien originally thought that parma "book" really meant "skin, bark; parchment", with "book, writings" as the secondary meaning. But in Etym parma is derived from a stem meaning "compose, put together", obsoleting the old etymology. –LT2:346, contrast PAR -
5 COME
\#tul- (cited in source as tulin "I come", 1st pers. aorist); perfect \#utúlië and future \#tuluva are attested (the latter with the prefix entuluva "shall come again". Tulin may obsolete tulu- in LT1:270). COME AWAY hótuli- ("so as to leave a place or group and join another in the thought or place of the speaker") –TUL, LotR:1003, Silm:229, WJ:368 -
6 COMMUNICATION
centa (as in Ósanwë-centa, Communication of Thought. In other contexts, centa must be translated "enquiry" or *"essay") –MR:415, VT39:23 -
7 EARTH
cemen (soil). (Note: at the time Tolkien wrote Etym, he thought of cemen as the genitive of cén, but later cemen evidently became the nominative form, as it had been in earlier writings [LT1:257]. In Silm:433, it is said that cemen [kemen] refers to "the Earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the heavens". LT1:257, reproducing early material, also has cemi "earth, soil, land" and Kémi "Mother Earth".) Locative cemendë "on earth" in VT43:17. HEAVEN AND EARTH Menel Cemenyë (VT47:11). EARTH-QUEEN Kementári (Yavanna's title); EARTHEN, OF EARTH cemna. (LR:363 gves "kemina", but according to VT45:19, this is a misreading for "kemna" in Tolkien's manuscript.) EARTH (= world) Ambar (world) (Tolkien equated Ambar with Oikoumene, a Greek word denoting "world" considered as "the inhabited world of Men". But ambar also seems to mean "doom", q.v. MR:337 (cf. WJ:419) has Imbar instead of Ambar; the literal meaning of both words is said to be "habitation") EARTH-DWELLERS –LT2:343 gives indi, rendered "earthdwellers" and said to be another word for "men", but this is hardly a valid word in LotR-style Quenya. –KEM/Silm:433/LT1:257/VT44:34, MBAR cf. Letters:283 or SD:409 -
8 ENQUIRY
centa (as in Essecenta Eldarinwa, probably meaning *"Enquiry into Eldarin Names", as Tolkien described the work as an "Enquiry into the origins of Elvish names for Elves"; cf. also Osanwe-centa, translated "enquiry into the communication of thought". Another possible translation of centa may be *"essay".) –MR:415, VT39:23 -
9 MENTAL MESSAGE
sanwë-menta (thought-sending) –VT41:5 -
10 OFF
au- (verbal prefix implying motion "away from the speaker or the place of his thought", as in auciri- "cut off, so that a portion is lost or no longer available"), hó- (verbal prefix implying motion away from something, but the point of view is outside the thing left: cf. hóciri- "cut off a required portion, so as to have it or use it") –WJ:365, 366, 368 -
11 SEND
menta- (cause to go [in a desired direction]), also \#lelta- (attested in the pa.t. with pronominal endings: leltanelyes, "you sent him"); SENDING (noun) menta (message); THOUGHT-SENDING sanwe-menta (mental message) –VT41:5, VT47:21 -
12 SKY
vilya (older [MET] wilya) (air), hellë, ilwë (heavens), telimbo (canopy), taimë, taimië. (LT2:348 gives ilu, but the meaning of this word was later changed – Tolkien decided that Ilúvatar means "All-Father", not "Sky-Father" as he originally thought.) "SKY-BRIDGE" (i.e., rainbow) helyanwë –LotR:1157, 3EL, LT1:255, LT2:348, LT1:268 -
13 TELEPATHY
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14 TONGUE
(physical tongue:) lamba, (language:) lambë, quetil (the latter also = "talk" or "language"). (In LT2:339, it is said that lambë covers both "physical tongue" and "speech", but Tolkien later thought better of that. WJ:394 states that in non-technical use, lambë was the normal word for "language"; only the Loremasters used the technical term tengwesta instead.) LOREMASTER OF TONGUES \#Lambengolmo (only pl Lambengolmor is attested, in VT48:6 also translated "linguistic loremasters"). USE TONGUE, see TALK. –LAB/LotR:1157/WJ:394, 396, KWET/VT45:25, VT48:6 -
15 WITH
For the purpose of Neo-Quenya writing, the best translation of "with" (in the sense of "together with") is probably \#as, attested with a pronominal suffix (see below). A string of various prepositional elements meaning "with" are attested, but all are probably not meant to coexist in the same form of Quenya; rather Tolkien often changed his mind about the details. The preposition lé, le found in early material (QL:52) is probably best avoided in LotR-style Quenya (in which langauge le is rather the pronoun "you"). Tolkien later seems to be experimenting with yo and ó/o as words for "with"; yo hildinyar in SD:56 probably means *"with my heirs", and VT43:29 reproduces a table where various pronouns are suffixed to ó-, probably meaning "with" (óni *"with me", ólë *"with you", etc.) In the essay Quendi and Eldar, Tolkien assigns a dual meaning to ó- as a prefix; it was used "in words describing the meeting, junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two groups thought of as units" (WJ:367; cf. 361 regarding the underlying stem WO, said to be a dual adverb "together"). The plural equivalent of dual ó- is yo- (as in yomenië, WJ:407 cf. 361 regarding the underlying root JŌ), and it may seem to be this yo that occurs as an independent preposition in yo hildinyar in SD:56. The idea that ó- is a distinctly dual form does not appear in all sources; in VT43:29 we have forms like *ómë *"with us", implying at least three persons. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya rendering of the Hail Mary, he experimented with various prepositional elements for the phrase "with thee" (see VT43:29). A form carelyë was replaced with aselyë in the final version. Removing the ending -lyë "thee" and the connecting vowel before it leaves us with \#as as the word (or a word) for "with"; this is ultimately related to the conjunction ar "and" (see VT43:30, 47:31). – In English, the preposition "with" may also have an instrumental force, which is best rendered by the Quenya instrumental case (e.g. *nambanen "with [= using] a hammer").
См. также в других словарях:
Thought — Thought, n. [OE. [thorn]oght, [thorn]ouht, AS. [thorn][=o]ht, ge[thorn][=o]ht, fr. [thorn]encean to think; akin to D. gedachte thought, MHG. d[=a]ht, ged[=a]ht, Icel. [thorn][=o]ttr, [thorn][=o]tti. See {Think}.] 1. The act of thinking; the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
thought — *idea, concept, conception, notion, impression Analogous words: *opinion, view, sentiment, belief, conviction, persuasion thoughtful 1 Thoughtful, reflective, speculative, contemplative, meditative, pensive can be applied to persons or their… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
thought — [1] ► NOUN 1) an idea or opinion produced by thinking or occurring suddenly in the mind. 2) the action or process of thinking. 3) (one s thoughts) one s mind or attention. 4) an act of considering or remembering. 5) careful consideration or… … English terms dictionary
thought — thought1 [thôt] n. [ME thouht < OE thoht < PGmc * thanht, pret. of * thankjan (> OE thencan: see THINK1)] 1. the act or process of thinking; reflection; meditation; cogitation 2. the power of reasoning, or of conceiving ideas; capacity… … English World dictionary
thought — (n.) O.E. þoht, geþoht, from stem of þencan to conceive of in the mind, consider (see THINK (Cf. think)). Cognate with the second element in Ger. Gedächtnis memory, Andacht attention, devotion, Bedacht consideration, deliberation. Second thought… … Etymology dictionary
Thought — Thought, imp. & p. p. of {Think}. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
thought — [n1] formation of mental objects anticipation, apprehending, attention, brainwork, cerebration, cogitation, cognition, concluding, consideration, considering, contemplation, deducing, deduction, deliberation, deriving, discerning, heed, hope,… … New thesaurus
thought — I (concept) noun belief, conception, credo, creed, hint, idea, insight, notion, opinion, perspective, point, proposal, rationale, suggestion, tenet, view II (concern) noun attentiveness, care, impression, philosophy, reaction, regard, sentiment,… … Law dictionary
thought — noun 1 sth that you think ADJECTIVE ▪ comforting, good, happy, pleasant, positive ▪ It was a comforting thought that at least her father hadn t suffered. ▪ Before going on stage, I breathe deeply and t … Collocations dictionary
thought — thought1 [θo:t US θo:t] the past tense and past participle of ↑think 1 thought 2 thought2 W1S1 n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(something you think about)¦ 2¦(ideas/opinions)¦ 3¦(careful consideration)¦ 4¦(act of thinking)¦ 5¦(caring about something)¦ 6¦(intention)¦ … Dictionary of contemporary English
thought — n. reflection 1) to entertain, harbor, have; relish a thought (to harbor thoughts of revenge) 2) to express, present a thought 3) to gather; sum up one s thoughts 4) an evil; fleeting, passing; happy; intriguing; refreshing; sober, sobering;… … Combinatory dictionary
