-
1 give rise to
(to cause: This gives rise to a large number of problems.) powodować -
2 keep
[kiːp] 1. pt, pp kept, vt( retain) receipt zachowywać (zachować perf); money zatrzymywać (zatrzymać perf); job utrzymywać (utrzymać perf); (preserve, store) przechowywać (przechować perf), trzymać; ( detain) zatrzymywać (zatrzymać perf); ( hold back) powstrzymywać (powstrzymać perf); shop, accounts, notes prowadzić; chickens etc hodować, trzymać (inf); family utrzymywać; promise dotrzymywać (dotrzymać perf) +genwe try to keep her happy — staramy się, żeby była zadowolona
to keep sb waiting — kazać (kazać perf) komuś czekać
to keep an appointment — przychodzić (przyjść perf) na (umówione) spotkanie
to keep sth to o.s. — zachowywać (zachować perf) coś dla siebie
to keep sth (back) from sb — zatajać (zataić perf) coś przed kimś
to keep sb from doing sth — powstrzymywać (powstrzymać perf) kogoś od (z)robienia czegoś
to keep time — clock wskazywać czas
how are you keeping? ( inf) — jak (ci) leci? (inf)
Phrasal Verbs:- keep in- keep off- keep on- keep out- keep up2. vi 3. n* * *[ki:p] 1. past tense, past participle - kept; verb1) (to have for a very long or indefinite period of time: He gave me the picture to keep.) trzymać, mieć w posiadaniu2) (not to give or throw away; to preserve: I kept the most interesting books; Can you keep a secret?) zatrzymać3) (to (cause to) remain in a certain state or position: I keep this gun loaded; How do you keep cool in this heat?; Will you keep me informed of what happens?) utrzymywać4) (to go on (performing or repeating a certain action): He kept walking.) wciąż (coś robić), nie przestawać5) (to have in store: I always keep a tin of baked beans for emergencies.) mieć (w zapasie)6) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) utrzymywać7) (to remain in good condition: That meat won't keep in this heat unless you put it in the fridge.) zachowywać swieżość8) (to make entries in (a diary, accounts etc): She keeps a diary to remind her of her appointments; He kept the accounts for the club.) prowadzić9) (to hold back or delay: Sorry to keep you.) zatrzymywać10) (to provide food, clothes, housing for (someone): He has a wife and child to keep.) utrzymywać11) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) dotrzymywać12) (to celebrate: to keep Christmas.) obchodzić2. noun(food and lodging: She gives her mother money every week for her keep; Our cat really earns her keep - she kills all the mice in the house.) utrzymanie- keeper- keeping
- keep-fit
- keepsake
- for keeps
- in keeping with
- keep away
- keep back
- keep one's distance
- keep down
- keep one's end up
- keep from
- keep going
- keep hold of
- keep house for
- keep house
- keep in
- keep in mind
- keep it up
- keep off
- keep on
- keep oneself to oneself
- keep out
- keep out of
- keep time
- keep to
- keep something to oneself
- keep to oneself
- keep up
- keep up with the Joneses
- keep watch -
3 resource
[rɪ'sɔːs]nsurowiec m* * *[rə'zo:s, ]( American[) 'ri:zo:rs]1) ((usually in plural) something that gives help, support etc when needed; a supply; a means: We have used up all our resources; We haven't the resources at this school for teaching handicapped children.) środek2) ((usually in plural) the wealth of a country, or the supply of materials etc which bring this wealth: This country is rich in natural resources.) zasób3) (the ability to find ways of solving difficulties: He is full of resource.) zaradność•- resourcefully
- resourcefulness -
4 qualification
[kwɔlɪfɪ'keɪʃən]n(often pl) (degree, diploma) kwalifikacje pl; ( attribute) zdolność f; ( reservation) zastrzeżenie ntwhat are your qualifications? — jakie ma Pan/Pani kwalifikacje?
* * *[-fi-]1) ((the act of gaining) a skill, achievement etc (eg an examination pass) that makes (a person) able or suitable to do a job etc: What qualifications do you need for this job?) kwalifikacja2) (something that gives a person the right to do something.) tytuł (do)3) (a limitation to something one has said or written: I think this is an excellent piece of work - with certain qualifications.) zastrzeżenie -
5 witness
['wɪtnɪs] 1. nświadek m2. vt ( lit, fig)być świadkiem +gento bear witness to — behaviour świadczyć o +loc; person dawać (dać perf) świadectwo +dat
witness for the prosecution/defence — świadek oskarżenia/obrony
to witness to sth/having seen sth — zaświadczać (zaświadczyć perf) o czymś/, że się coś widziało
* * *['witnəs] 1. noun1) (a person who has seen or was present at an event etc and so has direct knowledge of it: Someone must have seen the accident but the police can find no witnesses.) świadek2) (a person who gives evidence, especially in a law court.) świadek3) (a person who adds his signature to a document to show that he considers another signature on the document to be genuine: You cannot sign your will without witnesses.) świadek2. verb1) (to see and be present at: This lady witnessed an accident at three o'clock this afternoon.) być świadkiem2) (to sign one's name to show that one knows that (something) is genuine: He witnessed my signature on the new agreement.) poświadczyć•- bear witness -
6 access
['æksɛs] 1. n(to building, room) dojście nt; (to information, papers) dostęp m2. vt ( COMPUT)uzyskiwać (uzyskać perf) dostęp do +genthis door gives access to… — te drzwi prowadzą do +gen
to have access to — ( child etc) mieć możliwość kontaktów z +instr; (information, library) mieć dostęp do +gen
* * *['ækses]1) (way or right of approach or entry: We gained access to the house through a window.) dostęp, dojście2) (way or right to meet (someone) or use (something): Senior students have access to the library at weekends.) dostęp•- accessible
- accessibility -
7 context
['kɔntɛkst]nkontekst min the context of — w kontekście +gen
* * *['kontekst](the parts directly before or after a word or phrase (written or spoken) which affect its meaning: This statement, taken out of its context, gives a wrong impression of the speaker's opinions.) kontekst -
8 coupon
['kuːpɔn]n( voucher) talon m; ( detachable form) kupon m, odcinek m* * *['ku:pon]1) (a piece of paper etc giving one the right to something, eg a gift or discount price: This coupon gives 50 cents off your next purchase.) talon2) (a betting form for the football pools.) kupon -
9 grudge
[grʌdʒ] 1. nuraza f2. vt* * *1. verb1) (to be unwilling to do, give etc; to do, give etc unwillingly: I grudge wasting time on this, but I suppose I'll have to do it; She grudges the dog even the little food she gives it.) żałować2) (to feel resentment against (someone) for: I grudge him his success.) zazdrościć2. noun(a feeling of anger etc: He has a grudge against me.) uraza- grudging- grudgingly -
10 horn
[hɔːn]n* * *[ho:n]1) (a hard object which grows (usually in pairs) on the head of a cow, sheep etc: A ram has horns.) róg2) (the material of which this is made: spoons made of horn; ( also adjective) horn spoons.) róg, rogowy3) (something which is made of horn: a shoehorn.) róg4) (something which looks like a horn in shape: a snail's horns.) rożek5) (the apparatus in a car etc which gives a warning sound: The driver blew his horn.) klakson6) (an instrument, formerly an animal's horn but now made of brass, that is blown to produce a musical sound: a hunting-horn.) róg7) ((also French horn) the type of coiled brass horn that is played in orchestras etc.) waltornia•- horned- - horned
- horny -
11 key
[kiː] 1. n ( lit, fig) 2. adj 3. vt(also: key in) wpisywać (wpisać perf) ( za pomocą klawiatury)* * *[ki:] 1. noun1) (an instrument or tool by which something (eg a lock or a nut) is turned: Have you the key for this door?) klucz2) (in musical instruments, one of the small parts pressed to sound the notes: piano keys.) klawisz3) (in a typewriter, calculator etc, one of the parts which one presses to cause a letter etc to be printed, displayed etc.) klawisz4) (the scale in which a piece of music is set: What key are you singing in?; the key of F.) tonacja5) (something that explains a mystery or gives an answer to a mystery, a code etc: the key to the whole problem.) klucz6) (in a map etc, a table explaining the symbols etc used in it.) legenda2. adjective(most important: key industries; He is a key man in the firm.) kluczowy- keyboard- keyhole
- keyhole surgery
- keynote
- keyed up -
12 light
[laɪt] 1. nświatło nt; ( for cigarette etc) ogień mto come to light — wychodzić (wyjść perf) na jaw
to cast/shed or throw light on ( fig) — rzucać (rzucić perf) światło na +acc
in the light of — w świetle +gen
- lights2. vt; pt, pp litcandle, cigarette zapalać (zapalić perf); fire rozpalać (rozpalić perf); room oświetlać (oświetlić perf); sky rozświetlać (rozświetlić perf)Phrasal Verbs:- light up3. adjlekki; (pale, bright) jasny* * *I 1. noun1) (the brightness given by the sun, a flame, lamps etc that makes things able to be seen: It was nearly dawn and the light was getting stronger; Sunlight streamed into the room.) światło2) (something which gives light (eg a lamp): Suddenly all the lights went out.) światło3) (something which can be used to set fire to something else; a flame: Have you got a light for my cigarette?) ogień4) (a way of viewing or regarding: He regarded her action in a favourable light.) światło2. adjective1) (having light; not dark: The studio was a large, light room.) jasny2) ((of a colour) pale; closer to white than black: light green.) jasny3. [lit] verb1) (to give light to: The room was lit only by candles.) oświetlić2) (to (make something) catch fire: She lit the gas; I think this match is damp, because it won't light.) zapalić•- lighten- lighter- lighting
- lighthouse
- light-year
- bring to light
- come to light
- in the light of
- light up
- see the light
- set light to II1) (easy to lift or carry; of little weight: I bought a light suitcase for plane journeys.) lekki2) (easy to bear, suffer or do: Next time the punishment will not be so light.) lekki3) ((of food) easy to digest: a light meal.) lekki4) (of less weight than it should be: The load of grain was several kilos light.) za lekki5) (of little weight: Aluminium is a light metal.) lekki6) (lively or agile: She was very light on her feet.) zwinny, chyży7) (cheerful; not serious: light music.) lekki8) (little in quantity; not intense, heavy, strong etc: light rain.) lekki9) ((of soil) containing a lot of sand.) lekki, piaszczysty•- lightly- lighten- light-headed
- light-hearted
- lightweight
- get off lightly
- make light of
- travel light III = light on - past tense, past participle lit [lit] - verb(to find by chance: While wandering round the town, we lit on a very cheap restaurant.) natknąć się na -
13 nutrient
-
14 pleasure
['plɛʒə(r)]n(happiness, satisfaction) zadowolenie nt; (fun, enjoyable experience) przyjemność fit's a pleasure, my pleasure — cała przyjemność po mojej stronie
to take pleasure in — ( activity) znajdować przyjemność w +loc; (sb's progress, success) czerpać zadowolenie or cieszyć się z +gen
is this trip for business or pleasure? — czy to podróż służbowa, czy dla przyjemności?
* * *['pleʒə](something that gives one enjoyment; joy or delight: the pleasures of country life; I get a lot of pleasure from listening to music.) przyjemność- pleasurably
- pleasure-boat / pleasure-craft
- take pleasure in -
15 protection
[prə'tɛkʃən]nochrona fto offer police protection — proponować (zaproponować perf) ochronę policyjną
* * *[-ʃən]1) (the act of protecting or state of being protected: He ran to his mother for protection; This type of lock gives extra protection against burglary.) opieka2) (something that protects: The trees were a good protection against the wind.) ochrona, osłona -
16 psychoanalyst
-
17 treat
[triːt] 1. nuczta f (fig)2. vt(handle, regard) traktować (potraktować perf); ( MED) leczyć; ( TECH) impregnować (zaimpregnować perf)to treat sth as a joke — traktować (potraktować perf) coś jako żart
* * *[tri:t] 1. verb1) (to deal with, or behave towards (a thing or person), in a certain manner: The soldiers treated me very well; The police are treating his death as a case of murder.) traktować2) (to try to cure (a person or disease, injury etc): They treated her for a broken leg.) leczyć3) (to put (something) through a process: The woodwork has been treated with a new chemical.) poddawać działaniu4) (to buy (a meal, present etc) for (someone): I'll treat you to lunch; She treated herself to a new hat.) zafundować, postawić5) (to write or speak about; to discuss.) podjąć2. noun(something that gives pleasure, eg an arranged outing, or some special food: He took them to the theatre as a treat.) frajda -
18 varnish
['vɑːnɪʃ] 1. nlakier m2. vt* * *1. noun1) (a usually clear sticky liquid which gives protection and a glossy surface to wood, paint etc.) lakier2) (the glossy surface given by this liquid: Be careful or you'll take the varnish off the table!) lakier2. verb(to cover with varnish: Don't sit on that chair - I've just varnished it.) lakierować -
19 verb
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