theocr+el

βασκαίνω fut. 3 sg. βασκανεῖ Dt 28:56; 1 aor. ἐβάσκανα, s. B-D-F §72 (s. two next entries; IG XII/7, 106 [VI B.C.]; Euphorion [?] Fgm. 175, 2 Coll. Alex. p. 58; Aristot. et al.; LXX; TestSol 18:39 [cp. PVindobBosw 18, 39 [β]ασκένω]).

① to exert an evil influence through the eye, bewitch, as with the ‘evil eye’ τινά someone (Aristot., Probl. 34, 20 [926b, 24] με; Diod S 4, 6, 4; Alex. Aphr., Probl. 2, 53 παῖδας; Dt 28:56; TestSol 18:39) prob. metaph. Gal 3:1 (one can ward off βασκανία by spitting 3 times ὡς μὴ βασκανθῶ τρὶς ἔπτυσα: Theocr. 6, 39; s. ἐκπτύω Gal 4:14; πτύω Mk 8:23). Cp. the adj. ἀβάσκαντος POxy 3312, 3.—For lit. on the ‘evil eye’ s. JHElliott, Biblical Interpretation 2/1, ’94, 80–84; add SEitrem, SymbOsl 7, 1928, 73 n. 5 (lit.); MDickie, Heliodorus and Plutarch on the Evil Eye: ClPh 86, ’91, 17–29; idem, Glotta 71, ’93, 174–77.

② to be resentful of someth. enjoyed by another, envy (Demosth. 20, 24; Theocr. 5, 13; Jos., Vi. 425, C. Ap. 1, 2) τινί (Demosth. 20, 24) or τινά somebody (Demosth. 8, 19; Dt 28:54, 56; Sir 14:6, 8) οὐδέποτε ἐβασκάνατε οὐδένι you have never grudged anyone (the opportunity of witnessing to the death) IRo 3:1.—On assoc. of envy and the evil eye s. Elliott (1 above), The Fear of the Leer, the Evil Eye from the Bible to Li’l Abner: Forum 4/4, ’88, 42–71. B. 1495. M-M. (Lat. fascinum). TW. Spicq.

πιάζω 1 aor. ἐπίασα. Pass.: fut. πιασθήσεται Sir 23:1; aor. ἐπιάσθην (Alcman 28 D.²; Theocr. 4, 35; Sethianische Verfluchungstafeln 49, 58; 59 Wünsch [1898]; POxy 812, 5 [5 B.C.]; PHamb 6, 16; LXX [s. Thackeray 282.—B-D-F §29, 2; 101 p. 48; Mlt-H. 69; 254; 405]; TestNapht 5:2, 3) Doric and colloq. for Attic πιέζω (s. Thumb 67 note) in our lit. only in the foll. senses

① to take firm hold of, grasp neutral take (hold of) τινά τῆς χειρός someone by the hand Ac 3:7 (cp. Theocr. 4, 35 τὸν ταῦρον ὁπλᾶς).

② to seize with intent to overpower or gain control

ⓐ of humans seize, arrest, take into custody (cp. BGU 325, 2 λῃστοπιαστής) τινά someone (PGM 5, 172 κλέπτην) J 7:30, 32, 44; 8:20; 10:39; 11:57; PEg², 26 and 28; 2 Cor 11:32. ὸ̔ν πιάσας ἔθετο εἰς φυλακήν Ac 12:4.

ⓑ of animals catch (SSol 2:15) of fish (PLond II, 483, 76 p. 328 [616 A.D.]) J 21:3, 10. Pass. ἐπιάσθη τὸ θηρίον Rv 19:20. On πιάζω and corresponding form πιέζω, s. GShipp, Modern Greek Evidence for the Ancient Greek Vocabulary ’79, 454f.—B. 575; 744. New Docs 3, 82.—DELG s.v. πιέζω. M-M.

σύρω impf. ἔσυρον; fut. 1 pl. συροῦμεν 2 Km 17:13; aor. 3 pl. ἔσυραν 4 Macc 6:1; 2 aor. pass. ptc. συρείς Mel. (Aristot.; Theocr. et al.; pap, LXX; TestSol 6:10; Joseph.; Mel., P. 71, 515) drag, pull, draw, drag away τὶ someth. (cp. PFlor 158, 7 τὸ ταυρικὸν σύρει τὰ ξύλα) σύροντες τὸ δίκτυον dragging in the net J 21:8 (ς. in catching fish: Plut., Mor. 977f). Of the dragon in heaven: ἡ οὐρὰ αὐτοῦ σύρει τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀστέρων his tail swept away a third of the stars Rv 12:4.—τινά drag someone away (by force) (Ps.-Theocr., Hymn to the Dead Adonis ln. 12 [Bucoliques Grecs ed. ELegrand 1925 vol. II p. 112] ἔσυρον αἰχμάλωτον; Epict. 1, 29, 16; 22; Jos., Bell. 1, 452; 2, 491, Ant. 20, 136.—4 Macc 6:1 ἐπί τι; Mel., P. 71, 515 εἰς σφαγήν) Ac 8:3; GPt 3:7 (cp. Eutecnius 4 p. 41, 33 σύρειν αἰσχρῶς κατὰ γῆς). ἀδελφοὺς ἐπὶ τοὺς πολιτάρχας Ac 17:6.—ὡς δὲ ἐσύρετο as he (Paul) was dragged (into the amphitheater) AcPl Ha 4, 11. Of a (supposedly) lifeless human body (Herodian 1, 13, 6; 5, 8, 9) ἔσυρον ἔξω τῆς πόλεως Ac 14:19. S. κατασύρω.—DELG. M-M.

ἀγριέλαιος, ον (growing) from a wild olive tree really an adj. (B-D-F §120, 3; Rob. 168, cp. 166) and so perh. Ro 11:17 (as Erycius in Anth. Pal. 9, 237; Ps.-Theocr., Idyll 25, 257). But it may also be taken as a subst., as we say ‘oak’ of a piece of furniture (see next).—DELG s.v. ἀγρός. M-M.

ἀγριέλαιος, ου, ἡ wild olive tree (Theophr., HP 2, 2, 5; Theocr. 7, 18; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 66, 40 Jac.; PCairZen 184, 7=PEdgar 100 [=Sb 6815], 7 [255 B.C.]. As masc. in schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 2, 843, 848–50a; B-D-F §241, 6) fig. of the gentiles Ro 11:17, 24 (if subst., but s. preceding entry; opp. καλλιέλαιος).—TFischer, D. Ölbaum 1904; WRamsay, The Olive-Tree and the Wild-Olive: Exp. 6th ser., 11, 1905, 16–34; 152–60; EFickendey, D. Ölbaum in Kleinasien 1922; SLinder, D. Pfropfen m. wilden Ölzweigen (Ro 11:17): PJ 26, 1930, 40–43; FJBruijel, De Olijfboom: GereformTT 35, ’35, 273–80.—M-M.

ἀλώπηξ, εκος, ἡ (since Archilochus [VII B.C.], Hdt.; Pla., Rep. 365c; Theocr. 5, 112; graffito Sb 7223, 6 [II B.C.]; LXX; En 89; Jos., Ant. 5, 295 [after Judg 15:4]; SibOr 8, 41)

① lit. fox. αἱ ἀ. φωλεοὺς ἔχουσιν Mt 8:20; Lk 9:58.

② metaph., with craftiness of the fox in the foreground (Alcaeus [VII–VI B.C.] 42, 6 Diehl² [69, 6 L.-P]; Theocr. 5, 112; of the trail left by a fox Plut., Solon 95e [30, 2]=Solon Fgm. 8, 5, Diehl³=West 11, 5; Sulla 469e [28, 5]; Epict. 1, 3, 7; Artem. 2, 12 p. 104, 9.; cp. the simile Pind., P. 2, 77 ‘like foxes in disposition’.—Billerb. II 678) thus suggesting a crafty pers. of Herod Antipas εἴπατε τῇ ἀλώπεκι ταύτῃ tell that fox Lk 13:32 (cp. Lam 5:18).—B. 186. DELG.

ἐκ, before vowels ἐξ, prep. w. gen. (Hom.+; s. lit. s.v. ἀνά and εἰς beg.)

① marker denoting separation, from, out of, away from

ⓐ w. the place or thing fr. which separation takes place. Hence esp. w. verbs of motion ἀναβαίνω, ἀναλύω, ἀνίστημι, ἐγείρομαι, εἰσέρχομαι, ἐκβάλλω, ἐκπορεύομαι, ἐξέρχομαι, ἔρχομαι, ἥκω, καταβαίνω, μεταβαίνω, ῥύομαι, συνάγω, φεύγω; s. these entries. καλεῖν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου Mt 2:15 (Hos 11:1); ἐκ σκότους 1 Pt 2:9. αἴρειν ἐκ τ. κόσμου J 17:15. ἐξαλείφειν ἐκ τῆς βίβλου Rv 3:5 (Ex 32:32f; Ps 68:29). ἀποκυλίειν τ. λίθον ἐκ τ. θύρας Mk 16:3; cp. J 20:1; Rv 6:14; σῴζειν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγ. Jd 5; διασῴζειν ἐκ τ. θαλάσσης Ac 28:4. παραγίνεσθαι ἐξ ὁδοῦ arrive on a journey (lit. from, i.e. interrupting a journey) Lk 11:6; fig. ἐπιστρέφειν ἐξ ὁδοῦ bring back fr. the way Js 5:20; cp. 2 Pt 2:21. ἐκ τῆς χειρός τινος (Hebraistically מִיַּד פּ׳, oft. LXX; s. B-D-F §217, 2; Rob. 649) from someone’s power ἐξέρχεσθαι J 10:39; ἁρπάζειν 10:28f (cp. Plut., Ages. 615 [34, 6] ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν Ἐπαμινώνδου τ. πόλιν ἐξαρπάσας; JosAs 12:8 ἅρπασόν με ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἐχθροῦ); ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Ac 12:11 (cp. Aeschin. 3, 256 ἐκ τ. χειρῶν ἐξελέσθαι τῶν Φιλίππου; Sir 4:9; Bar 4:18, 21 al.); ῥύεσθαι Lk 1:74; cp. vs. 71 (Ps 105:10; Wsd 2:18; JosAs 12:10); εἰρυσταί σε κύριος ἐκ χειρὸς ἀνόμου AcPlCor 1:8 (cp. ἐκ τούτων ἄπαντων PsSol 13:4).—After πίνειν, of the object fr. which one drinks (X., Cyr. 5, 3, 3): ἐκ τ. ποτηρίου Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23; 1 Cor 11:28; cp. 10:4; J 4:12. Sim. φαγεῖν ἐκ τ. θυσιαστηρίου Hb 13:10.

ⓑ w. a group or company fr. which separation or dissociation takes place (Hyperid. 6, 17 and Lucian, Cyn. 13 ἐξ ἀνθρώπων) ἐξολεθρεύειν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ Ac 3:23 (Ex 30:33; Lev 23:29). συμβιβάζειν ἐκ τ. ὄχλου 19:33; ἐκλέγειν ἐκ τ. κόσμου J 15:19; cp. Mt 13:41, 47; Ac 1:24; 15:22; Ro 9:24. For ἐκ freq. ἐκ μέσου Mt 13:49; Ac 17:33; 23:10; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:17 (cp. Ex 31:14).—ἀνιστάναι τινὰ ἔκ τινων Ac 3:22 (Dt 18:15); ἐκ νεκρῶν 17:31. ἐγείρειν τινὰ ἐκ νεκρῶν J 12:1, 9, 17; Ac 3:15; 4:10; 13:30; Hb 11:19; AcPlCor 2:6; ἀνίστασθαι ἐκ νεκρῶν Ac 10:41; 17:3; ἀνάστασις ἐκ νεκρ. Lk 20:35; 1 Pt 1:3; cp. Ro 10:7. Also s. ἠρεμέω.

ⓒ of situations and circumstances out of which someone is brought, from: ἐξαγοράζειν ἔκ τινος redeem fr. someth. Gal 3:13; also λυτροῦν (cp. Sir 51:2) 1 Pt 1:18; σῴζειν ἔκ τινος save fr. someth. J 12:27; Hb 5:7; Js 5:20 (Od. 4, 753; MLetronne, Recueil des Inscr. 1842/8, 190; 198 σωθεὶς ἐκ; SIG 1130, 1f; UPZ 60:6f [s. διασῴζω]; PVat A, 7 [168 B.C.]=Witkowski 36, 7 διασεσῶσθαι ἐκ μεγάλων κινδύνων; Sir 51:11; EpJer 49; JosAs 4:8 ἐκ τοῦ … λιμοῦ); ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Ac 7:10 (cp. Wsd 10:1; Sir 29:12). τηρεῖν ἔκ τινος keep from someth. Rv 3:10; μεταβαίνειν ἔκ τινος εἴς τι J 5:24; 1J 3:14; μετανοεῖν ἔκ τινος repent and turn away fr. someth. Rv 2:21f; 9:20f; 16:11. ἀναπαύεσθαι ἐκ τ. κόπων rest fr. one’s labors 14:13. ἐγείρεσθαι ἐξ ὕπνου wake fr. sleep (Epict. 2, 20, 15; Sir 22:9; cp. ParJer 5:2 οὐκ ἐξυπνίσθη ἐκ τοῦ ὕπνου αὐτοῦ) Ro 13:11. ζωὴ ἐκ νεκρῶν 11:15. ζῶντες ἐκ νεκρῶν people who have risen fr. death to life 6:13 (cp. Soph., Oed. R. 454; X., An. 7, 7, 28; Demosth. 18, 131 ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς; Palaeph. 3, 2). S. ἀνάστασις 2b.

ⓓ of pers. and things with whom a connection is severed or is to remain severed: τηρεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ keep them fr. the evil one J 17:15; cp. Ac 15:29. Pregnant constr.: ἀνανήφειν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος 2 Ti 2:26. νικᾶν ἔκ τινος free oneself from … by victory Rv 15:2 (for possible Latinism s. reff. to Livy and Velleius Paterculus in OLD s.v. ‘victoria’; but s. also RCharles, ICC Rv II, 33). ἐλεύθερος ἐκ 1 Cor 9:19 (cp. Eur., Herc. Fur. 1010 ἐλευθεροῦντες ἐκ δρασμῶν πόδα ‘freeing our feet from flight’ [=we recovered from our flight]). καθαρός εἰμι ἐγὼ ἐξ αὐτῆς I practiced abstinence with her GJs 15:4.

② marker denoting the direction fr. which someth. comes, from καταβαίνειν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους (Il. 13, 17; X., An. 7, 4, 12; Ex 19:14; 32:1 al.; JosAs 4:1 ἐκ τοῦ ὑπερῴου) Mt 17:9. θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν οὐ μὴ ἀπόληται Lk 21:18. ἐκπίπτειν ἐκ τ. χειρῶν Ac 12:7. διδάσκειν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου Lk 5:3. ἐκ τῆς βάτου χρηματισμοῦ διδομένου 1 Cl 17:5 (cp. Just., A I, 62:3). ἐκ τῆς πρύμνης ῥίψαντες τὰς ἀγκύρας Ac 27:29. κρέμασθαι ἔκ τινος (Hom. et al.; 1 Macc 1:61; 2 Macc 6:10; Jos., Ant. 14, 107) 28:4. ἐκ ῥιζῶν to (lit. from) its roots (Job 28:9; 31:12) Mk 11:20; B 12:9.—Since the Greek feeling concerning the relation betw. things in this case differed fr. ours, ἐκ could answer the question ‘where?’ (cp. Soph., Phil. 20; Synes., Ep. 131 p. 267a ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας μερίδος=on the other side; BGU 975, 11; 15 [45 A.D.]; PGM 36, 239; LXX; JosAs 16:12 εἱστήκει … ἐξ εὐωνύμων; 22:7) ἐκ δεξιῶν at (on) the right (δεξιός 1b) Mt 20:21, 23; 22:44 (Ps 109:1); 25:33; Lk 1:11; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8), 34 (Ps 109:1); 7:55f; B 11:10. ἐξ ἐναντίας opposite Mk 15:39 (Hdt. 8, 6, 2; Thu. 4, 33, 1; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 461, 6; Sir 37:9; Wsd 4:20 al.); ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας the opponent (Sext. Emp., Adv. Phys. 1, 66 [=Adv. Math. 9, 66]; 2, 69 [=Adv. Math. 10, 69], Adv. Eth. 1, 25; Bias in Diog. L. 1, 84) Tit 2:8.—ἐκ τοῦ κατωτάτου ᾅδου … προσευχομένου Ἰωνᾶ AcPlCor 2:30.

③ marker denoting origin, cause, motive, reason, from, of

ⓐ in expr. which have to do w. begetting and birth from, of, by: ἐκ introduces the role of the male (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 9 ἐκ θεοῦ ἔστι; JosAs 21:8 συνέλαβεν Ἀσενὲθ ἐκ τοῦ Ἰωσήφ; Tat. 33, 3 συλλαμβάνουσιν ἐκ φθορέως; Ath. 22, 4 ἐκ τοῦ Κρόνου; SIG 1163, 3; 1169, 63; OGI 383, 3; 5 [I B.C.]) ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Mt 1:18. κοίτην ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Ro 9:10; also of the female (SIG 1160, 3; PEleph 1, 9 [311/10 B.C.] τεκνοποιεῖσθαι ἐξ ἄλλης γυναικός; PFay 28, 9 γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 14 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 1, 191; Ath. 20, 3 ἐξ ἧς παῖς Διόνυσος αὐτῷ) γεννᾶν τινα ἐκ beget someone by (a woman; s. γεννάω 1a) Mt 1:3, 5, etc. ἐκ Μαρίας ἐγεννῄθη AcPlCor 1:14; 2:5; γίνεσθαι ἐκ γυναικός (Jos., Ant. 11, 152; Ar. 9, 7) Gal 4:4; cp. vs. 22f.—γεννᾶσθαι ἐξ αἱμάτων κτλ. J 1:13; ἐκ τ. σαρκός 3:6; ἐκ πορνείας 8:41. ἐγείρειν τινὶ τέκνα ἐκ Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8. (τὶς) ἐκ καρποῦ τ. ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ Ac 2:30 (Ps 131:11). γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ τ. θεοῦ J 1:13; 1J 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18 (Just., A I, 22, 2); ἐκ τ. πνεύματος J 3:6 (opp. ἐκ τ. σαρκός). εἶναι ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ (Menand., Sam. 602 S. [257 Kö.]) J 8:47; 1J 4:4, 6; 5:19; opp. εἶναι ἐκ τ. διαβόλου J 8:44; 1J 3:8 (cp. OGI 90, 10 of Ptolemaeus Epiphanes ὑπάρχων θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ κ. θεᾶς).

ⓑ to denote origin as to family, race, city, people, district, etc.: ἐκ Ναζαρέτ J 1:46. ἐκ πόλεως vs. 44. ἐξ οἴκου Lk 1:27; 2:4. ἐκ γένους (Jos., Ant. 11, 136) Phil 3:5; Ac 4:6. ἐκ φυλῆς (Jos., Ant. 6, 45; 49; PTebt I, 26, 15) Lk 2:36; Ac 13:21; 15:23; Ro 11:1. Ἑβρ. ἐξ Ἑβραίων a Hebrew, the son of Hebrews Phil 3:5 (Goodsp., Probs., 175f; on the connotation of ancestral ἀρετή Phil 3:5 cp. New Docs VII 233, no. 10, 5). ἐκ σπέρματός τινος J 7:42; Ro 1:3; 11:1. ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ac 15:23; cp. Gal 2:15. Cp. Lk 23:7; Ac 23:34. ἐκ τ. γῆς J 3:31. For this ἐκ τῶν κάτω J 8:23 (opp. ἐκ τ. ἄνω). ἐκ (τούτου) τ. κόσμου 15:19ab; 17:14; 1J 2:16; 4:5. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30.—To express a part of the whole, subst.: οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ the Israelites Ro 9:6. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας selfish, factious people 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου partisans of the law 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ πίστεως those who have faith Gal 3:7, 9; cp. the sg. Ro 3:26; 4:16. οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς the circumcision party Ac 11:2; Ro 4:12; Gal 2:12. οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς Tit 1:10. For this οἱ ὄντες ἐκ περιτομῆς Col 4:11. οἱ ἐκ τ. συναγωγῆς members of the synagogue Ac 6:9. οἱ ἐκ τῶν Ἀριστοβούλου Ro 16:10f. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22 (s. Καῖσαρ and οἰκία 3). In these cases the idea of belonging, the partisan use, often completely overshadows that of origin; cp. Dg 6:3.

ⓒ to denote derivation (Maximus Tyr. 13, 3f φῶς ἐκ πυρός; Ath. 18:3 γένεσιν … ἐξ ὕδατος) καπνὸς ἐκ τ. δόξης τ. θεοῦ Rv 15:8 (cp. EpJer 20 καπνὸς ἐκ τ. οἰκίας). ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τ. Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν J 4:22. εἶναι ἔκ τινος come, derive from someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 7, 209) Mt 5:37; J 7:17, 22; 1J 2:16, 21; εἶναι is oft. to be supplied Ro 2:29; 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6 ( Plut., Mor. 1001c); 11:12; 2 Cor 4:7; Gal 5:8. ἔργα ἐκ τοῦ πατρός J 10:32. οἰκοδομὴ ἐκ θεοῦ 2 Cor 5:1; χάρισμα 1 Cor 7:7; δικαιοσύνη Phil 3:9. φωνὴ ἐκ τ. στόματος αὐτοῦ Ac 22:14. Here belongs the constr. w. ἐκ for the subj. gen., as in ἡ ἐξ ὑμῶν (v.l.) ἀγάπη 2 Cor 8:7; ὁ ἐξ ὑμῶν ζῆλος 9:2 v.l.; Rv 2:9 (cp. Vett. Val. 51, 16; CIG II 3459, 11 τῇ ἐξ ἑαυτῆς κοσμιότητι; pap. [Rossberg 14f]; 1 Macc 11:33 χάριν τῆς ἐξ αὐτῶν εὐνοίας; 2 Macc 6:26). ἐγένετο ζήτησις ἐκ τ. μαθητῶν Ἰωάννου there arose a discussion on the part of John’s disciples J 3:25 (Dionys. Hal. 8, 89, 4 ζήτησις πολλὴ ἐκ πάντων ἐγένετο; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 24 §91 σφαγή τις ἐκ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐγένετο).

ⓓ of the effective cause by, because of (cp. the ‘perfectivizing’ force of ἐκ and other prepositions in compounds, e.g. Mt 4:7; Mk 9:15. B-D-F §318, 5)

α. personal in nature, referring to originator (X., An. 1, 1, 6; Diod S 19, 1, 4 [saying of Solon]; Arrian, Anab. 3, 1, 2; 4, 13, 6 of an inspired woman κατεχομένη ἐκ τοῦ θείου; Achilles Tat. 5, 27, 2; SibOr 3, 395; Just.: A I, 12, 5 ἐκ δαιμόνων φαύλων … καὶ ταῦτα … ἐνεργεῖσθαι, also D. 18, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 7, 85 H. ἐκ θεῶν σεσωσμένη; Ps.-Clem., Hom. p. 7, 19 Lag. τὸν ἐκ θεοῦ σοι ἀποδιδόμενον μισθόν): ὠφελεῖσθαι ἔκ τινος Mt 15:5; Mk 7:11. ζημιοῦσθαι 2 Cor 7:9. λυπεῖσθαι 2:2. εὐχαριστεῖσθαι 1:11. ἀδικεῖσθαι Rv 2:11. ἐξ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλάλησα J 12:49 (cp. Soph., El. 344 οὐδὲν ἐξ σαυτῆς λέγεις).

β. impersonal in nature (Arrian, Anab. 3, 21, 10 ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐκ τ. τραυμάτων; 6, 25, 4; JosAs 29:8 ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος τοῦ λίθου; POxy 486, 32 τὰ ἐμὰ ἐκ τ. ἀναβάσεως τ. Νίλου ἀπολωλέναι): ἀποθανεῖν ἐκ τ. ὑδάτων Rv 8:11. πυροῦσθαι 3:18. σκοτοῦσθαι 9:2. φωτίζεσθαι 18:1. κεκοπιακὼς ἐκ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας J 4:6 (Aelian, VH 3, 23 ἐκ τοῦ πότου ἐκάθευδεν). ἔκαμον ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ GJs 15:1.

ⓔ of the reason which is a presupposition for someth.: by reason of, as a result of, because of (X., An. 2, 5, 5; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 42 §185 ἐκ προδοσίας; POxy 486, 28f ἐκ τῆς ἐπιστολῆς; Just., A I, 68, 3 ἐξ ἐπιστολῆς; numerous examples in Mayser II/2 p. 388; Philo, De Jos. 184 ἐκ διαβολῆς; Jos., Vi. 430; JosAs 11 παραλελυμένη … ἐκ τῆς πολλῆς ταπεινώσεως; Ar. 8, 6 ἐκ τούτων … τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων τῆς πλάνης; Just., A I, 4, 1 ἐκ τοῦ … ὀνόματος; also inf.: 33, 2 ἵνα … ἐκ τοῦ προειρῆσθαι πιστευθῇ 68, 3 al.): δικαιοῦσθαι ἔκ τινος Ro 4:2; Gal 2:16; 3:24; cp. Ro 3:20, 30 (cp. εἴ τις ἐκ γένους [δίκαι]ος=has the right of citizenship by descent [i.e. has the law on his side]: letter of MAurelius 34, ZPE 8, ’71, 170); οὐκ … ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ he does not live because of his possessions Lk 12:15. ἐκ ταύτης τ. ἐργασίας Ac 19:25. ἐξ ἔργων λαβεῖν τὸ πνεῦμα Gal 3:2, 5; cp. Ro 11:6. ἐξ ἀναστάσεως λαβεῖν τ. νεκρούς Hb 11:35. ἐσταυρώθη ἐξ ἀσθενείας 2 Cor 13:4. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν as far as it depends on you Ro 12:18.—ἐκ τοῦ πόνου in anguish Rv 16:10; cp. vs. 11; 8:13.—ἐκ τούτου for this reason, therefore (SIG 1168, 47; 1169, 18; 44; 62f; BGU 423, 17=Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 480, 17) J 6:66; 19:12.

ⓕ Sim. ἐκ can introduce the means which one uses for a definite purpose, with, by means of (Polyaenus 3, 9, 62 ἐξ ἱμάντος=by means of a thong) ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ Lk 16:9 (X., An. 6, 4, 9; PTebt 5, 80 [118 B.C.] ἐκ τ. ἱερῶν προσόδων; ParJer 1:7 [of Jerusalem] ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν σου ἀφανισθήτω; Jos., Vi. 142 ἐκ τ. χρημάτων); cp. 8:3.

ⓖ of the source, fr. which someth. flows or comes:

α. λαλεῖν ἐκ τ. ἰδίων J 8:44. ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος τ. καρδίας Mt 12:34. τὰ ἐκ τ. ἱεροῦ the food from the temple 1 Cor 9:13. ἐκ τ. εὐαγγελίου ζῆν get one’s living by proclaiming the gospel vs. 14.

β. information, insight, etc. (X., An. 7, 7, 43 ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κατέμαθες; Just., A I, 28, 1 ἐκ τῶν ἡμετέρων συγγραμμάτων … μαθεῖν 34, 2 al.) κατηχεῖσθαι ἐκ Ro 2:18. ἀκούειν ἐκ J 12:34. γινώσκειν Mt 12:33; Lk 6:44; 1J 3:24; 4:6. ἐποπτεύειν 1 Pt 2:12. δεικνύναι Js 2:18 (cp. ἀποδεικνύναι Just., D. 33, 1).

γ. of the inner life, etc., fr. which someth. proceeds (since Il. 9, 486): ἐκ καρδίας Ro 6:17; 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. (cp. Theocr. 29, 4; M. Ant. 3, 3). ἐκ ψυχῆς Eph 6:6; Col 3:23 (X., An. 7, 7, 43, Oec. 10, 4; Jos., Ant. 17, 177; 1 Macc 8:27). ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 Ti 1:5; 2 Ti 2:22; 1 Pt 1:22. ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. ψυχῆς σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. διανοίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. ἰσχύος σου Mk 12:30; cp. Lk 10:27 (Dt 6:5; cp. Wsd 8:21; 4 Macc 7:18; Epict. 2, 23, 42 ἐξ ὅλης ψυχῆς). ἐκ πίστεως Ro 14:23; cp. 2 Cor 2:17. Also of circumstances which accompany an action without necessarily being the source of it: γράφειν ἐκ πολλῆς θλίψεως write out of great affliction 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 1:17.

ⓗ of the material out of which someth. is made (Hdt. 1, 194; Pla., Rep. 10, 616c; OGI 194, 28 [42 B.C.] a statue ἐκ σκληροῦ λίθου; PMagd 42, 5 [221 B.C.]=PEnteux 83, 5; POxy 707, 28; PGM 13, 659; Wsd 15:8; 1 Macc 10:11; Jdth 1:2; En 99:13; JosAs 3:9; Just., A I, 59, 1) of, from στέφανος ἐξ ἀκανθῶν Mt 27:29; J 19:2; cp. 2:15; 9:6; Ro 9:21; 1 Cor 15:47; Rv 18:12; 21:21; perh. also 1 Cor 11:12 ἡ γυνὴ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρός.

ⓘ of the underlying rule or principle according to, in accordance with (Hdt., Pla. et al. [Kühner-G. I 461g], also OGI 48, 12 [III B.C.] ἐκ τ. νόμων; PEleph 1, 12 [312/11 B.C.] ἐκ δίκης; PPetr III, 26, 9 ἐκ κρίσεως; LXX, e.g. 1 Macc 8:30; Jos., Ant. 6, 296 ἐκ κυνικῆς ἀσκήσεως πεποιημένος τὸν βίον) ἐκ τ. λόγων Mt 12:37 (cp. Wsd 2:20). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε by what you have said Lk 19:22 (cp. Sus 61 Theod.; also X., Cyr. 2, 2, 21 ἐκ τ. ἔργων κρίνεσθαι). ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων on the basis of things written Rv 20:12. ἐκ τ. καλοῦντος Ro 9:12. ἐκ τ. ἔχειν in accordance w. your ability 2 Cor 8:11. ἐξ ἰσότητος on the basis of equality vs. 13.

④ marker used in periphrasis, from, of

ⓐ for the partitive gen. (B-D-F §164, 1 and 2; 169; Rob. 599; 1379).

α. after words denoting number εἷς, μία, ἕν (Hdt. 2, 46, 2 ἐκ τούτων εἷς; POxy 117, 14ff [II/III A.D.] δύο … ἐξ ὧν … ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν; Tob 12:15 BA; Sir 32:1; Jos., Bell. 7, 47; JosAs 20:2 ἐκ τῶν παρθένων μία Just., D. 126, 4) Mt 10:29; 18:12; 22:35; 27:48; Mk 9:17 al.; εἷς τις J 11:49; δύο Mk 16:12; Lk 24:13; J 1:35; 21:2. πέντε Mt 25:2. πολλοί (1 Macc 5:26; 9:69) J 6:60, 66; 7:31; 11:19, 45. οἱ πλείονες 1 Cor 15:6. οὐδείς (Epict. 1, 29, 37; 1 Macc 5:54; 4 Macc 14:4; Ar. 13, 6; Just., D. 16, 2) J 7:19; 16:5. χιλιάδες ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς Rv 7:4.

β. after the indef. pron. (Plut., Galba 1065 [27, 2]; Herodian 5, 3, 9; 3 Macc 2:30; Jos., Vi. 279) Lk 11:15; J 6:64; 7:25, 44, 48; 9:16; 11:37, 46 al. Also after the interrog. pron. Mt 6:27; 21:31; Lk 11:5; 12:25; 14:28 al.

γ. the partitive w. ἐκ as subj. (2 Km 11:17) εἶπαν ἐκ τ. μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ J 16:17.—Rv 11:9. As obj., pl. Mt 23:34; Lk 11:49; 21:16; 2J 4 (cp. Sir 33:12; Jdth 7:18; 10:17 al.).

δ. used w. εἶναι belong to someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 12, 399) καὶ σὺ ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ you also belong to them Mt 26:73; cp. Mk 14:69f; Lk 22:58; J 7:50; 10:26; Ac 21:8; cp. 2 Cl 18:1. οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τ. σώματος I do not belong to the body 1 Cor 12:15f; cp. 2 Cl 14:1.

ε. after verbs of supplying, receiving, consuming: ἐσθίειν ἔκ τινος (Tob 1:10; Sir 11:19; Jdth 12:2; JosAs 16:8) 1 Cor 9:7; 11:28; J 6:26, 50f; Rv 2:7. πίνειν Mt 26:29; Mk 14:25; J 4:13f; Rv 14:10; χορτάζειν ἔκ τινος gorge w. someth. 19:21 (s. ζ below); μετέχειν 1 Cor 10:17; λαμβάνειν (1 Esdr 6:31; Wsd 15:8) J 1:16; Rv 18:4; Hs 9, 24, 4. τὸ βρέφος … ἔλαβε μασθὸν ἐκ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ the child took its mother’s breast GJs 19:2; διδόναι (Tob 4:16; Ezk 16:17) Mt 25:8; 1J 4:13. διαδιδόναι (Tob 4:16 A) J 6:11.

ζ. after verbs of filling: ἐπληρώθη ἐκ τῆς ὀσμῆς was filled w. the fragrance J 12:3 cp. Rv 8:5. χορτασθῆναι ἔκ τινος to be satisfied to the full w. someth. Lk 15:16. γέμειν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς be full of greed Mt 23:25.

ⓑ in periphrasis for the gen. of price or value for (Palaeph. 45; PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.]; 119, 5 [c. 100 A.D.]; 131, 5; PLond II, 277, 9 p. 217 [23 A.D.]; BGU III, 916, 19 [I A.D.]; PAmh II, 133, 19 [II A.D.]; Jos., Ant. 14, 34; B-D-F §179) ἀγοράζειν τι ἔκ τινος Mt 27:7 (POxy 745, 2 [c. 1 A.D.] τ. οἶνον ἠγόρασας ἐκ δραχμῶν ἕξ; EpJer 24); cp. Ac 1:18; Mt 20:2.

⑤ marker denoting temporal sequence, from

ⓐ of the time when someth. begins from, from … on, for, etc. ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός from birth (Ps 21:11; 70:6; Is 49:1) Mt 19:12 al.; also ἐκ γενετῆς J 9:1 (since Il. 24, 535; Od. 18, 6; s. also γενετή). ἐκ νεότητος (since Il. 14, 86; Ps 70:5; Sir 7:23; Wsd 8:2; 1 Macc 2:66; JosAs 17:4) Mk 10:20; Lk 18:21. ἐξ ἱκανῶν χρόνων for a long time 23:8. ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων a long time before 1 Cl 42:5 (cp. Epict. 2, 16, 17 ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου. Cp. ἐκ πολλοῦ Thu. 1, 68, 3; 2, 88, 2; ἐξ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν Lysias, Epitaph. 1). ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων Ac 15:21 (cp. X., Hell. 6, 1, 4 ἐκ πάντων προγόνων). ἐκ τ. αἰῶνος since the world began J 9:32 (cp. ἐξ αἰῶνος Sext. Emp., Adv. Math. 9, 76; Diod S 4, 83, 3; Aelian, VH 6, 13; 12, 64; OGI 669, 61; Sir 1:4; 1 Esdr 2:17, 21; Jos., Bell. 5, 442). ἐξ ἐτῶν ὀκτώ for eight years Ac 9:33; cp. 24:10. ἐξ ἀρχῆς (PTebt 40, 20 [117 B.C.]; Sir 15:14; 39:32; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 225; Ath. 8, 1) J 6:64. ἐκ παιδιόθεν fr. childhood Mk 9:21 (s. παιδιόθεν. Just., A I, 15, 6 ἐκ παίδων. On the use of ἐκ w. an adv. cp. ἐκ τότε POxy 486 [II A.D.]; ἐκ πρωίθεν 1 Macc 10:80).

ⓑ of temporal sequence

α. ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας day after day 2 Pt 2:8; 2 Cl 11:2 (cp. Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 445; Henioch. Com. 5:13 K.; Theocr. 18, 35; Gen 39:10; Num 30:15; Sir 5:7; Esth 3:7; En 98:8; 103:10).

β. ἐκ δευτέρου for the second time, again, s. δεύτερος 2. ἐκ τρίτου Mt 26:44 (ParJer 7:8; cp. PHolm 1, 32 ἐκ τετάρτου).

⑥ various uses and units

ⓐ blending of constructions, cp. Rob. 599f: ἐκ for ἐν (Hdt., Thu. et al., s. Kühner-G. I 546f; LXX, e.g. Sus 26 Theod.; 1 Macc 11:41; 13:21; Jdth 15:5) ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ δώσει Lk 11:13. μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ Mt 24:17. τὴν ἐκ Λαοδικείας (ἐπιστολὴν) ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀναγνῶτε Col 4:16.

ⓑ like the OT use of מִן: ἔκρινεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς God has pronounced judgment for you against her Rv 18:20 (cp. Ps 118:84; Is 1:24; En 100:4; 104:3). ἐξεδίκησεν τὸ αἷμα τ. δούλων αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῆς 19:2, cp. 6:10 (both 4 Km 9:7).

ⓒ adv. expressions (Just., A I, 2, 1 ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ‘in every way’): ἐξ ἀνάγκης (ἀνάγκη 1). ἐκ συμφώνου by mutual consent (BGU 446, 13=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 257, 13; CPR I, 11, 14 al. in pap; cp. Dssm., NB 82f [BS 225]) 1 Cor 7:5. ἐκ λύπης reluctantly 2 Cor 9:7. ἐκ περισσοῦ extremely (Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 64; Lucian, Pro Merc. Cond. 13; Da 3:22 Theod.; Galen, CMG V/10/2/2 p. 284, 17 [-ττ]) Mk 6:51; 1 Th 5:13 v.l.; ἐκ μέτρου by measure = sparingly J 3:34. ἐκ μέρους (Galen, CMG V/10/2/2 p. 83, 24) part by part = as far as the parts are concerned, individually 1 Cor 12:27 (distributive; cp. PHolm 1, 7 ἐκ δραχμῶν Ϛ´=6 dr. each); mostly in contrast to ‘complete’, only in part 13:9 (BGU 538, 35; 574, 10; 887, 6; 17 al. in pap; EpArist 102). ἐξ ὀνόματος individually, personally, by name IEph 20:2; IPol 4:2; 8:2.

ⓓ ἐκ … εἰς w. the same word repeated gives it special emphasis (Plut., Galba 1058 [14, 2] ἐκ προδοσίας εἰς προδοσίαν; Ps 83:8) ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν Ro 1:17.—2 Cor 2:16 (twice).—The result and goal are thus indicated Ro 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16. AFridrichsen, ConNeot 12, ’48, 54.—DELG s.v. ἐξ. M-M.

n. a sore, of wounds and scabs, Bs. ii. 20 (in a verse), Mar.; fullr kauna, Luke xvi. 26: freq. in mod. usage is the phrase, blása í kaunin, to blow on one’s sores, of fingers burnt, sore, or cold, Grönd. 46, = ὁ δ ἄλγεε και χέρ ἐφύση of Theocr. 19. 3.

2. the Rune ᚴ, see introduction to letter K.

ăd-ĕdo, ēdi, ēsum (less correctly, adessum), 3, v. a. (adest = adedit, Luc. 6, 265; cf. ĕdo), to begin to eat, to bite, to nibble at, to gnaw, etc.—As verb finite very rare, and mostly poet.; not found in prose of Cic.

Prop.:

angues duo ex occulto allapsi adedere jecur,

Liv. 25, 16, 2; so,

adeso jecinore,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 8:

favos,

Verg. G. 4, 242.—Hence metaph. of fire:

cum me supremus adederit ignis,

Ov. Am. 1, 15, 41:

flamma plurima postibus haesit adesis,

Verg. A. 9, 537.—

In an enlarged sense (as a consequence of a continued biting, gnawing, etc.; and hence only in the perf. or part. pass.; cf.: accīdo, absumo, abrumpo), to eat up, to consume entirely: frumento adeso, quod ex areis in oppidum portatum est, Sisenn. ap. Non. 70, 32; so,

extis adesis,

Liv. 1, 7, 13;

pisces ex parte adesi,

Quint. 6, 3, 90: and metaph., to use up, to consume, waste (as money, strength, etc.):

non adesa jam, sed abundante etiam pecunia,

Cic. Quint. 12:

adesis fortunis omnibus,

Tac. A. 13, 21:

bona adesa,

id. H. 1, 4:

adesus cladibus Asdrubal,

Sil. 13, 680.—Hence, ădēsus, a, um, P. a., eaten, gnawed; hence poet., worn away, esp. by water:

adesi lapides,

smooth, polished, Hor. C. 3, 29, 36 (after Theocr. 22, 49; hous potamos periexese):

scopulus,

Ov. H. 10, 26: sale durus adeso caseus, poet. for sale adesus caseus, Verg. Mor. 98.

Arcăs, ădis, m., = Arkas.

Son of Jupiter and Callisto, the progenitor of the Arcadians, after his death placed as a constellation (Arctophylax) in heaven, Ov. F. 1, 470; 2, 190; id. M. 2, 468; 2, 497; Hyg. Fab. 176, and Astr. 2, 4 (cf. Apollod. 3, 8, 2).—

An Arcadian; plur. Arcădĕs, um, m. (acc. Gr. Arcadăs, Verg. A. 10, 397), = Arkades, the Arcadians.

As the most ancient men, Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 154; Ov. F. 2, 289 al.—

As skilled in pastoral music: Tamen cantabitis, Arcades, inquit, Montibus haec vestris;

soli cantare periti, Arcades,

Verg. E. 10, 31:

Arcades ambo, Et cantare pares et respondere parati,

id. ib. 7, 4 (cf. id. ib. 4, 58 sq.; Theocr. 22, 157; Polyb. 4, 20).—Hence, Arcas,

Kat exochên.

Mercury, who was said to have been born on the Arcadian mountain Cyllene (cf. 1. Arcadia, B.), Mart. 9, 35, 6; Luc. 9, 661; Stat. S. 5, 1, 107.—

Parthenopœus, the son of Atalanta from Arcadia, Stat. Th. 8, 745; 12, 805.—

Tyrannus, i. e. Lycaon, grandfather of Arcas (a poet. prolepsis), Ov. M. 1, 218.—

Bipennifer, i. e. Ancœus, Ov. M. 8, 391.—

Adj., = Arcadius, Arcadian, Verg. A. 12, 518; Mart. 5, 65, 2; Stat. S. 5, 2, 123; id. Th. 7, 94; Sil. 6, 636.

Bellĕrŏphōn, ontis ( Bellĕrŏ-phontes, ae, Aus. Ep. 25 fin.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 118; 6, 288), m., = Bellerophôn, Theocr. (regularly formed Bellerophontês), son of Glaucus and grandson of Sisyphus; he was sent by Prœtus, at the calumnious instigation of his wife Sthenebœa, with a letter to Iobates, in which the latter was requested to put him to death;

he received from him the commission to slay the Chimæra, which he executed, riding upon the flying Pegasus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63; Hor. C. 3, 7, 15; 3, 12, 7; 4, 11, 28; Manil. 5. 97; Juv. 10, 325; Hyg. Fab. 2; 57; id. Astr. 2, 18; Serv. l. l.; Fulg. Myth. 3, 1.—Prov. for any one who carries a message unfavorable to himself (cf. Uriah's letter), Plaut. [p. 226] Bacch. 4, 7, 12.—Hence,

Bellĕrŏ-phontēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Bellerophon:

equus,

i. e. Pegasus, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 2:

habenae,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 560:

sollicitudines,

Rutil. Itin. 1, 449.

Bellĕrŏphōn, ontis ( Bellĕrŏ-phontes, ae, Aus. Ep. 25 fin.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 118; 6, 288), m., = Bellerophôn, Theocr. (regularly formed Bellerophontês), son of Glaucus and grandson of Sisyphus; he was sent by Prœtus, at the calumnious instigation of his wife Sthenebœa, with a letter to Iobates, in which the latter was requested to put him to death;

he received from him the commission to slay the Chimæra, which he executed, riding upon the flying Pegasus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63; Hor. C. 3, 7, 15; 3, 12, 7; 4, 11, 28; Manil. 5. 97; Juv. 10, 325; Hyg. Fab. 2; 57; id. Astr. 2, 18; Serv. l. l.; Fulg. Myth. 3, 1.—Prov. for any one who carries a message unfavorable to himself (cf. Uriah's letter), Plaut. [p. 226] Bacch. 4, 7, 12.—Hence,

Bellĕrŏ-phontēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Bellerophon:

equus,

i. e. Pegasus, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 2:

habenae,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 560:

sollicitudines,

Rutil. Itin. 1, 449.

Bellĕrŏphōn, ontis ( Bellĕrŏ-phontes, ae, Aus. Ep. 25 fin.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 118; 6, 288), m., = Bellerophôn, Theocr. (regularly formed Bellerophontês), son of Glaucus and grandson of Sisyphus; he was sent by Prœtus, at the calumnious instigation of his wife Sthenebœa, with a letter to Iobates, in which the latter was requested to put him to death;

he received from him the commission to slay the Chimæra, which he executed, riding upon the flying Pegasus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63; Hor. C. 3, 7, 15; 3, 12, 7; 4, 11, 28; Manil. 5. 97; Juv. 10, 325; Hyg. Fab. 2; 57; id. Astr. 2, 18; Serv. l. l.; Fulg. Myth. 3, 1.—Prov. for any one who carries a message unfavorable to himself (cf. Uriah's letter), Plaut. [p. 226] Bacch. 4, 7, 12.—Hence,

Bellĕrŏ-phontēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Bellerophon:

equus,

i. e. Pegasus, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 2:

habenae,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 560:

sollicitudines,

Rutil. Itin. 1, 449.

dē-flŭo, xi, xum, 3, v. n.

To flow down.

Lit.: quod sanguen defluxerat, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19; cf.:

sanguis a renibus,

Plin. 24, 18, 105, § 169:

defluit lapidosus rivus,

Ov. F. 3, 273:

flamma ex Aetna monte,

Liv. Fragm. 1, 116: flumen Lavida Tauro monte defluens, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 680 P.; cf.:

saxis umor,

Hor. Od. 1, 12, 29; Plin. 33, 5, 26, § 86:

Anaxum quo Varamus defluit,

Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 126:

potus defluit ad pulmonem,

Gell. 17, 11, 1.—

Transf., of things not liquid, to move downwards softly or gradually; to glide or flow down, descend:

jam ipsae defluebant coronae,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62.—Of clothing:

pedes vestis defluxit ad imos,

Verg. A. 1, 404:

toga defluit male laxus,

hangs carelessly, Hor. Sat. 1, 3, 31.—Of floating objects:

aries mersus secundo defluit amni,

floats, swims down, Verg. G. 3, 447; id. A. 7, 495; 8, 549:

Ostiam Tiberi,

to sail down, Suet. Ner. 27; Curt. 9, 8 fin. —Of riders:

tota cohors imitata relictis Ad terram defluxit equis,

dismounted, Verg. A. 11, 501; cf.:

ex equo,

Curt. 7, 7 fin.: in humum (ex equo), Furius poët. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4:

ad terram,

Liv. 2, 20;

and, a dextro armo in latus,

Ov. M. 6, 229.—

Trop., to flow, come, pass:

hoc totum e sophistarum fontibus defluxit in forum,

Cic. Or. 27 fin.:

a necessariis artificiis ad elegantiora,

id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62; cf.:

(adolescentes) tantum ab eo (sc. Seneca) defluebant, quantum, etc.,

departed, deviated, Quint. 10, 1, 126 Frotsch., Cic. Lael. 26, 100:

a quibus duplex Octaviorum familia defluxit,

are derived, descended, Suet. Aug. 2; cf. Vell. 1, 16, 4:

ne quid in terram defluat,

be spilled on the ground, be lost, Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

multaque merces tibi defluat aequo ab Jove,

flow to thee in abundance, Hor. Od. 1, 28, 28 (cf. Theocr. 1, 5: Es te katarrhei):

a superis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 31, 79; cf.:

si quid redundarit, ad illum defluxisse, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 66. —

To flow or pass away so as to disappear, to cease flowing.

Lit.:

rusticus exspectat dum defluat amnis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32; cf.:

cum hiberni defluxere torrentes,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 3.—

Trop., to cease, vanish, pass away, disappear, be lost:

ex novem tribunis unus defluxit,

has deserted, proved unfaithful, Cic. Sest. 32:

ubi salutatio defluxit,

has ceased, is over, id. Fam. 9, 20 fin.:

ubi per socordiam vires, tempus, ingenium defluxere,

Sall. J. 1, 4:

tenerae sucus Defluat praedae,

Hor. Od. 3, 27, 55; id. Ep. 2, 1, 158.—So of the falling out of the hair, Plin. 11, 37, 56, § 154; 11, 39, 94, § 231:

comae,

Ov. M. 6, 141.—In eccl. Lat. = defloresco:

folium,

Vulg. Isa. 34, 4; 1, 30; id. Psa. 1, 3.

frīgĭdus, a, um, adj. [frigeo], cold, cool, chill, chilling (opp. calidus; syn.: gelidus, algidus, glacialis; corresp. in most of its senses to the Gr. psuchros).

Lit.:

calida et frigida, et amara et dulcia,

Cic. Rep. 3, 8 fin.:

fons luce diurnā Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,

Lucr. 6, 849:

fons,

id. ib. 6, 873; 879; cf.:

frigidior umor,

id. 6, 840; 844:

nec ullum hoc frigidius flumen attigi,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

ut nec frigidior Thracam ambiat Hebrus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 13:

loca frigidissima,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1 fin.:

rura,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 9:

Praeneste,

id. C. 3, 4, 22:

Tempe,

Verg. G. 2, 469:

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 404:

aura,

Ov. Am. 2, 16, 36; cf.:

manet sub Jove frigido Venator,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 25:

umbra noctis,

Verg. E. 8, 14:

caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,

cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

frigidus aëra vesper Temperat,

Verg. G. 3, 336:

frigidus latet anguis in herba,

id. E. 3, 93:

anguis,

id. ib. 8, 71 (cf. psuchron ophin, Theogn. 602;

Theocr. 15, 58): pellis duraque,

Lucr. 6, 1194:

febris,

an ague, Plin. 26, 11, 71, § 289; so,

quartana,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 290:

fomenta,

id. Ep. 1, 3, 26.— Poet.:

ille frigidas Noctes non sine multis Insomnis lacrimis agit,

i. e. without a bedfellow, lonely, Hor. C. 3, 7, 6:

frigidus annus,

winter, Verg. A. 6, 311; Tib. 4, 8, 4 Huschke (al. amnis).—Prov.: aquam frigidam suffundere, to pour cold water over for to slander, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; v. suffundo.—

As subst.

frīgĭdum, i, n., the cold: obaequalitas ferventis ac frigidi, Apul. Dog. Plat. 1, p. 11, 24.— Plur.:

frigida (opp. calida),

Ov. M. 1, 19.—

frī-gĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), cold water (like calida or calda, ae, warm water):

frigida lavare lubenter,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 1:

frigidam bibere,

Cels. 1, 5:

frigidam aegro dare,

Suet. Claud. 40:

frigidā lavari,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11:

noxia ut frigidam febri,

Quint. 5, 11, 31.—

In a contracted form: FRIDVM, i, n.: DA FRIDVM PVSILLVM, i. e. a little ice-water, Inscr. Pompej. in Mus. Borbon. IV. p. 5 (cf.:

solve nives,

Mart. 5, 64).—

In partic., cold, chilled, of a dead person, or one stiffened with fright (for the latter cf.:

est et frigida multa, comes formidinis aura,

Lucr. 3, 290; poet.):

illa (Eurydice) Stygiā nabat jam frigida cymbā,

Verg. G. 4, 506; Ov. M. 7, 136; also,

transf.: Eurydicen vox ipsa et frigida lingua, Ah, miseram Eurydicen! anima fugiente vocabat,

Verg. G. 4, 525:

membra nati,

Ov. M. 14, 743:

mors,

Verg. A. 4, 385; Val. Fl. 5, 26; cf.:

pausa vitaï,

Lucr. 3, 930:

stricto Aesonides stans frigidus ense,

stiffened with fright, Val. Fl. 7, 530:

miles nec frigidus aspicit hostem,

i. e. fearless, Sil. 9, 49; cf.:

formidine turpi Frigida corda tremunt,

id. 2, 339:

frigida mens criminibus,

Juv. 1, 166:

mihi frigidus horror Membra quatit,

Verg. A. 3, 29.

Trop.

Without ardor or encrgy, cold, frigid, indifferent, inactive, remiss, indolent, feeble:

nimis lentus in dicendo et paene frigidus,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

accusatoribus frigidissimis utitur,

lukewarm, indolent, id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 3:

non frigida virgo,

i. e. glowing with love, Ov. Am. 2, 1, 5; cf.:

frigidus aevo Laomedontiades,

Juv. 6, 325: (equus) Frigidus in Venerem senior, Verg. [p. 782] G. 3, 97:

(Empedocles) ardentem Frigidus Aetnam Insiluit,

in cold blood, Hor. A. P. 465:

in re frigidissima cales, in ferventissima friges,

Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21:

frigidae litterae,

cold, frigid, Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1:

solacia,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 45; cf.

cura,

Lucr. 4, 1060 (with which cf.:

curarum frigus,

Ov. P. 3, 9, 25):

frigida bello Dextera,

feeble, Verg. A. 11, 338:

ensis,

inactive, idle, Luc. 5, 245; 7, 502:

(apes) Contemnuntque favos et frigida tecta relinquunt,

i. e. not animated by labor, Verg. G. 4, 104 (cf. opp. fervet opus, id. ib. 169).—

Without force or point, flat, insipid, dull, trivial, frigid, vain (syn.: jejunus, inanis;

opp. salsus, facetus, esp. in post-Aug. prose): cave in ista tam frigida, tam jejuna calumnia delitescas,

Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; cf.:

haec aut frigida sunt, aut tum salsa, cum aliud est exspectatum,

id. de Or. 2, 64, 260:

(sententias) dicere leves, frigidas ineptas,

Quint. 8, 5, 30:

verba frigidiora vitare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256; cf. id. Or. 26, 89:

frigidi et arcessiti joci,

Suet. Claud. 21; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 69:

illud frigidum et inane,

id. 10, 2, 17:

illud apud Euripidem frigidum sane, quod, etc.,

id. 5, 10, 31:

frigida et puerilis affectatio,

id. 4, 1, 77:

frigida et inanis affectatio,

id. 7, 3, 74:

genus acuminis in reprehendendis verbis, nonnumquam frigidum, interdum etiam facetum,

Cic. Brut. 67, 236:

in salibus aliquando frigidus,

Quint. 12, 10, 12:

dies frigidis rebus absumere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3:

negotia,

id. ib. 9, 2, 1; cf.:

omnia ista frigida et inania videntur,

id. ib. 4, 17, 4; Sen. de Ira, 2, 11.— With a subject-clause:

leve ac frigidum sit his addere, quo propinquos amicosque pacto tractaverit,

Suet. Calig. 26.—

With active meaning, causing cold or fright, frightening:

frigidus a rostris manat per compita rumor,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 50.—Hence, adv.: frīgĭde (only acc. to II. and very rare; not in Cic.).

Inactively, slowly, feebly: quae cupiunt, tamen ita frigide agunt, ut nolle existimentur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3.—

Flatly, trivially, insipidly, frigidly:

verbis inepte et frigide uti,

Gell. 13, 24, 7;

so with inaniter,

id. 7, 3, 43;

with exigue, opp. graviter,

id. 19, 3, 1; cf.

also: quae sunt dicta frigidius,

Quint. 6, 3, 4:

transire in diversa subsellia, parum verecundum est... Et si aliquando concitate itur, numquam non frigide reditur,

i. e. in a silly, ridiculous manner, id. 11, 3, 133:

tum ille infantem suam frigidissime reportavit,

id. 6, 1, 39.

frīgĭdus, a, um, adj. [frigeo], cold, cool, chill, chilling (opp. calidus; syn.: gelidus, algidus, glacialis; corresp. in most of its senses to the Gr. psuchros).

Lit.:

calida et frigida, et amara et dulcia,

Cic. Rep. 3, 8 fin.:

fons luce diurnā Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,

Lucr. 6, 849:

fons,

id. ib. 6, 873; 879; cf.:

frigidior umor,

id. 6, 840; 844:

nec ullum hoc frigidius flumen attigi,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

ut nec frigidior Thracam ambiat Hebrus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 13:

loca frigidissima,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1 fin.:

rura,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 9:

Praeneste,

id. C. 3, 4, 22:

Tempe,

Verg. G. 2, 469:

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 404:

aura,

Ov. Am. 2, 16, 36; cf.:

manet sub Jove frigido Venator,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 25:

umbra noctis,

Verg. E. 8, 14:

caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,

cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

frigidus aëra vesper Temperat,

Verg. G. 3, 336:

frigidus latet anguis in herba,

id. E. 3, 93:

anguis,

id. ib. 8, 71 (cf. psuchron ophin, Theogn. 602;

Theocr. 15, 58): pellis duraque,

Lucr. 6, 1194:

febris,

an ague, Plin. 26, 11, 71, § 289; so,

quartana,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 290:

fomenta,

id. Ep. 1, 3, 26.— Poet.:

ille frigidas Noctes non sine multis Insomnis lacrimis agit,

i. e. without a bedfellow, lonely, Hor. C. 3, 7, 6:

frigidus annus,

winter, Verg. A. 6, 311; Tib. 4, 8, 4 Huschke (al. amnis).—Prov.: aquam frigidam suffundere, to pour cold water over for to slander, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; v. suffundo.—

As subst.

frīgĭdum, i, n., the cold: obaequalitas ferventis ac frigidi, Apul. Dog. Plat. 1, p. 11, 24.— Plur.:

frigida (opp. calida),

Ov. M. 1, 19.—

frī-gĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), cold water (like calida or calda, ae, warm water):

frigida lavare lubenter,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 1:

frigidam bibere,

Cels. 1, 5:

frigidam aegro dare,

Suet. Claud. 40:

frigidā lavari,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11:

noxia ut frigidam febri,

Quint. 5, 11, 31.—

In a contracted form: FRIDVM, i, n.: DA FRIDVM PVSILLVM, i. e. a little ice-water, Inscr. Pompej. in Mus. Borbon. IV. p. 5 (cf.:

solve nives,

Mart. 5, 64).—

In partic., cold, chilled, of a dead person, or one stiffened with fright (for the latter cf.:

est et frigida multa, comes formidinis aura,

Lucr. 3, 290; poet.):

illa (Eurydice) Stygiā nabat jam frigida cymbā,

Verg. G. 4, 506; Ov. M. 7, 136; also,

transf.: Eurydicen vox ipsa et frigida lingua, Ah, miseram Eurydicen! anima fugiente vocabat,

Verg. G. 4, 525:

membra nati,

Ov. M. 14, 743:

mors,

Verg. A. 4, 385; Val. Fl. 5, 26; cf.:

pausa vitaï,

Lucr. 3, 930:

stricto Aesonides stans frigidus ense,

stiffened with fright, Val. Fl. 7, 530:

miles nec frigidus aspicit hostem,

i. e. fearless, Sil. 9, 49; cf.:

formidine turpi Frigida corda tremunt,

id. 2, 339:

frigida mens criminibus,

Juv. 1, 166:

mihi frigidus horror Membra quatit,

Verg. A. 3, 29.

Trop.

Without ardor or encrgy, cold, frigid, indifferent, inactive, remiss, indolent, feeble:

nimis lentus in dicendo et paene frigidus,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

accusatoribus frigidissimis utitur,

lukewarm, indolent, id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 3:

non frigida virgo,

i. e. glowing with love, Ov. Am. 2, 1, 5; cf.:

frigidus aevo Laomedontiades,

Juv. 6, 325: (equus) Frigidus in Venerem senior, Verg. [p. 782] G. 3, 97:

(Empedocles) ardentem Frigidus Aetnam Insiluit,

in cold blood, Hor. A. P. 465:

in re frigidissima cales, in ferventissima friges,

Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21:

frigidae litterae,

cold, frigid, Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1:

solacia,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 45; cf.

cura,

Lucr. 4, 1060 (with which cf.:

curarum frigus,

Ov. P. 3, 9, 25):

frigida bello Dextera,

feeble, Verg. A. 11, 338:

ensis,

inactive, idle, Luc. 5, 245; 7, 502:

(apes) Contemnuntque favos et frigida tecta relinquunt,

i. e. not animated by labor, Verg. G. 4, 104 (cf. opp. fervet opus, id. ib. 169).—

Without force or point, flat, insipid, dull, trivial, frigid, vain (syn.: jejunus, inanis;

opp. salsus, facetus, esp. in post-Aug. prose): cave in ista tam frigida, tam jejuna calumnia delitescas,

Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; cf.:

haec aut frigida sunt, aut tum salsa, cum aliud est exspectatum,

id. de Or. 2, 64, 260:

(sententias) dicere leves, frigidas ineptas,

Quint. 8, 5, 30:

verba frigidiora vitare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256; cf. id. Or. 26, 89:

frigidi et arcessiti joci,

Suet. Claud. 21; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 69:

illud frigidum et inane,

id. 10, 2, 17:

illud apud Euripidem frigidum sane, quod, etc.,

id. 5, 10, 31:

frigida et puerilis affectatio,

id. 4, 1, 77:

frigida et inanis affectatio,

id. 7, 3, 74:

genus acuminis in reprehendendis verbis, nonnumquam frigidum, interdum etiam facetum,

Cic. Brut. 67, 236:

in salibus aliquando frigidus,

Quint. 12, 10, 12:

dies frigidis rebus absumere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3:

negotia,

id. ib. 9, 2, 1; cf.:

omnia ista frigida et inania videntur,

id. ib. 4, 17, 4; Sen. de Ira, 2, 11.— With a subject-clause:

leve ac frigidum sit his addere, quo propinquos amicosque pacto tractaverit,

Suet. Calig. 26.—

With active meaning, causing cold or fright, frightening:

frigidus a rostris manat per compita rumor,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 50.—Hence, adv.: frīgĭde (only acc. to II. and very rare; not in Cic.).

Inactively, slowly, feebly: quae cupiunt, tamen ita frigide agunt, ut nolle existimentur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3.—

Flatly, trivially, insipidly, frigidly:

verbis inepte et frigide uti,

Gell. 13, 24, 7;

so with inaniter,

id. 7, 3, 43;

with exigue, opp. graviter,

id. 19, 3, 1; cf.

also: quae sunt dicta frigidius,

Quint. 6, 3, 4:

transire in diversa subsellia, parum verecundum est... Et si aliquando concitate itur, numquam non frigide reditur,

i. e. in a silly, ridiculous manner, id. 11, 3, 133:

tum ille infantem suam frigidissime reportavit,

id. 6, 1, 39.

ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:

eapse = ea ipsa,

id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

eampse,

Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:

eāpse,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.

In gen.

With substt. or pronn.

Expressing eminence or distinction:

ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

ille ipse Marcellus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

natura ipsa,

id. Brut. 29, 112:

dicet pro me ipsa virtus,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

ipsa res publica,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,

id. ib. 6, 10, 2:

ipse Moeris,

Verg. E. 8, 96:

rex ipse Aeneas,

id. A. 1, 575:

ipse aries,

id. E. 3, 95:

ductores ipsi,

id. A. 1, 189:

si in ipsa arce habitarem,

Liv. 2, 7, 10;

esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,

Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:

Pater ipse,

Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:

Venus ipsa,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:

ipse pater Pluton,

Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586.—

For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:

adest optime ipse frater,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:

in orationibus hisce ipsis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:

ea ipsa hora,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,

Verg. E. 10, 63:

tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:

ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ipse ille divinationis auctor,

id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,

the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:

estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:

cui tutor is fuerat ipse,

Liv. 5, 33, 3:

jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,

even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:

tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,

id. 2, 42, 5:

Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,

id. 2, 38, 1:

eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,

id. de Sen. 22, 80:

ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,

Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:

ipsum dicere ineptum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?

the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:

ipsum, quod habuisti,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:

et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,

Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—

Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:

atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

quaeram ex ipsā,

Cic. Cael. 14:

tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,

id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:

laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,

id. 28, 4, 1:

a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:

ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —

To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.

Ipse alone:

litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,

i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

id. Off. 2, 22, 76:

tris ipse excitavit recitatores,

he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:

neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:

Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,

Sall. J. 11, 1:

hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,

Verg. A. 2, 394.—

With conjunctions.

With etiam (class.):

ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,

Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;

his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,

id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —

With quoque:

quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,

Liv. 3, 21, 4:

consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,

id. 8, 12, 9:

cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,

Flor. 3, 21, 7.—

With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.

Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,

Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:

deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?

id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,

Liv. 4, 31, 5:

credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,

id. 21, 21, 3:

Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,

id. 21, 17, 7:

qui et ipse crus fregerat,

Suet. Aug. 43:

Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,

Eutr. 8, 7:

virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 43. —

With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):

primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

Liv. 23, 18, 4:

nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,

id. 37, 20, 8:

neque ipsi,

id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;

sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,

id. 34, 32, 9.

Esp.

By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:

ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:

ipsum praesto video,

id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

ego eo quo me ipsa misit,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:

suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,

Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:

Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,

i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:

nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,

Quint. 11, 1, 27:

cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,

the great man, Juv. 1, 33:

anseris ante ipsum jecur,

before the host, id. 5, 114.—

Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:

videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,

id. Div. 1, 37, 74:

ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,

Verg. E. 4, 21:

ipsi potum venient juvenci,

id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:

aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,

id. G. 2, 10:

fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,

Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—

Himself exclusively.

By or in one ' s self, alone:

haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,

Verg. A. 6, 185:

his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,

id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:

quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:

multa secum ipse volvens,

Sall. C. 32, 1:

aestimando ipse secum,

Liv. 25, 23, 11.—

In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:

ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—

Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:

erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,

Cic. Clu. 15, 44:

duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,

Sall. J. 52, 1:

natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,

id. ib. 89, 5.—

With advv. of time.

Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:

nunc ipsum exurit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:

nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:

nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,

id. ib. 12, 16. —

Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:

id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,

id. Off. 2, 17, 60:

et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—

With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):

triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:

ipsas undecim esse legiones,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,

id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:

ipso vigesimo anno,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —

In reflexive uses,

Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,

With subject.

In gen.:

non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,

Cic. Lael. 3, 10:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,

Nep. Dat. 5:

ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,

Sall. J. 85; cf.:

deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,

Liv. 24, 4, 9:

deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—

With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):

cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:

qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,

id. ib. 5, 10, 29:

quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,

id. ib. 3, 18, 59:

nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—

With object:

neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:

Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51:

Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—

Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:

natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;

jubeant abire se,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4:

in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,

Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—

Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,

Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):

cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:

quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?

id. Sest. 14, 32:

quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,

id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,

id. ib. 3, 19, 64:

nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—

In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;

esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:

legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,

Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:

ipsis mortuis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

ipsius,

id. ib. 2, 22, 55:

nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,

id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;

opp. id quod adversario prodest),

id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—

In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):

nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,

Liv. 35, 46, 13:

pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,

id. 4, 26, 6:

inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,

Curt. 3, 5, 15:

Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,

id. 3, 8, 7:

dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,

id. 4, 2, 3:

a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,

id. ib. 3, 13, 5:

sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,

id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:

verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—

Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;

only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,

Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,

id. 29, 2, 2:

C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,

id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:

Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,

Sall. C. 18, 5:

amisso et ipse Pacoro,

Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):

adsentando indignandoque et ipse,

Liv. 40, 23, 1:

cogendo ipse,

id. 39, 49, 3:

agendo ipse,

id. 41, 24, 2:

aestimando ipse secum,

id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.

Am. prol. 102:

ipsimet nobis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

ipsemet profugiam,

Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,

ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),

Petr. 75, 11; and:

ipsimi nostri,

id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:

eapse = ea ipsa,

id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

eampse,

Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:

eāpse,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.

In gen.

With substt. or pronn.

Expressing eminence or distinction:

ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

ille ipse Marcellus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

natura ipsa,

id. Brut. 29, 112:

dicet pro me ipsa virtus,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

ipsa res publica,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,

id. ib. 6, 10, 2:

ipse Moeris,

Verg. E. 8, 96:

rex ipse Aeneas,

id. A. 1, 575:

ipse aries,

id. E. 3, 95:

ductores ipsi,

id. A. 1, 189:

si in ipsa arce habitarem,

Liv. 2, 7, 10;

esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,

Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:

Pater ipse,

Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:

Venus ipsa,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:

ipse pater Pluton,

Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586.—

For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:

adest optime ipse frater,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:

in orationibus hisce ipsis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:

ea ipsa hora,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,

Verg. E. 10, 63:

tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:

ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ipse ille divinationis auctor,

id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,

the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:

estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:

cui tutor is fuerat ipse,

Liv. 5, 33, 3:

jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,

even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:

tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,

id. 2, 42, 5:

Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,

id. 2, 38, 1:

eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,

id. de Sen. 22, 80:

ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,

Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:

ipsum dicere ineptum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?

the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:

ipsum, quod habuisti,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:

et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,

Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—

Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:

atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

quaeram ex ipsā,

Cic. Cael. 14:

tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,

id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:

laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,

id. 28, 4, 1:

a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:

ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —

To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.

Ipse alone:

litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,

i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

id. Off. 2, 22, 76:

tris ipse excitavit recitatores,

he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:

neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:

Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,

Sall. J. 11, 1:

hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,

Verg. A. 2, 394.—

With conjunctions.

With etiam (class.):

ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,

Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;

his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,

id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —

With quoque:

quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,

Liv. 3, 21, 4:

consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,

id. 8, 12, 9:

cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,

Flor. 3, 21, 7.—

With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.

Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,

Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:

deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?

id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,

Liv. 4, 31, 5:

credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,

id. 21, 21, 3:

Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,

id. 21, 17, 7:

qui et ipse crus fregerat,

Suet. Aug. 43:

Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,

Eutr. 8, 7:

virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 43. —

With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):

primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

Liv. 23, 18, 4:

nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,

id. 37, 20, 8:

neque ipsi,

id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;

sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,

id. 34, 32, 9.

Esp.

By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:

ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:

ipsum praesto video,

id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

ego eo quo me ipsa misit,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:

suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,

Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:

Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,

i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:

nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,

Quint. 11, 1, 27:

cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,

the great man, Juv. 1, 33:

anseris ante ipsum jecur,

before the host, id. 5, 114.—

Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:

videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,

id. Div. 1, 37, 74:

ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,

Verg. E. 4, 21:

ipsi potum venient juvenci,

id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:

aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,

id. G. 2, 10:

fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,

Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—

Himself exclusively.

By or in one ' s self, alone:

haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,

Verg. A. 6, 185:

his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,

id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:

quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:

multa secum ipse volvens,

Sall. C. 32, 1:

aestimando ipse secum,

Liv. 25, 23, 11.—

In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:

ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—

Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:

erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,

Cic. Clu. 15, 44:

duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,

Sall. J. 52, 1:

natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,

id. ib. 89, 5.—

With advv. of time.

Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:

nunc ipsum exurit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:

nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:

nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,

id. ib. 12, 16. —

Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:

id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,

id. Off. 2, 17, 60:

et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—

With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):

triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:

ipsas undecim esse legiones,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,

id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:

ipso vigesimo anno,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —

In reflexive uses,

Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,

With subject.

In gen.:

non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,

Cic. Lael. 3, 10:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,

Nep. Dat. 5:

ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,

Sall. J. 85; cf.:

deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,

Liv. 24, 4, 9:

deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—

With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):

cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:

qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,

id. ib. 5, 10, 29:

quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,

id. ib. 3, 18, 59:

nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—

With object:

neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:

Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51:

Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—

Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:

natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;

jubeant abire se,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4:

in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,

Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—

Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,

Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):

cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:

quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?

id. Sest. 14, 32:

quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,

id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,

id. ib. 3, 19, 64:

nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—

In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;

esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:

legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,

Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:

ipsis mortuis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

ipsius,

id. ib. 2, 22, 55:

nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,

id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;

opp. id quod adversario prodest),

id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—

In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):

nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,

Liv. 35, 46, 13:

pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,

id. 4, 26, 6:

inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,

Curt. 3, 5, 15:

Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,

id. 3, 8, 7:

dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,

id. 4, 2, 3:

a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,

id. ib. 3, 13, 5:

sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,

id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:

verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—

Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;

only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,

Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,

id. 29, 2, 2:

C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,

id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:

Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,

Sall. C. 18, 5:

amisso et ipse Pacoro,

Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):

adsentando indignandoque et ipse,

Liv. 40, 23, 1:

cogendo ipse,

id. 39, 49, 3:

agendo ipse,

id. 41, 24, 2:

aestimando ipse secum,

id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.

Am. prol. 102:

ipsimet nobis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

ipsemet profugiam,

Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,

ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),

Petr. 75, 11; and:

ipsimi nostri,

id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

ἀέλιος, ἅλιος (ᾶε-, αε-, ᾶ-. ἀελίου, ἀελίου, ἀελίοιο, ἁλίῳ, ἅλιον, ἀέλιον. v. Forssman, 6ff.)