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121 use
I [ju:z] verb1) (to employ (something) for a purpose: What did you use to open the can?; Use your common sense!)2) (to consume: We're using far too much electricity.)•- usable- used - user - user-friendly - user guide - be used to something - be used to - used to II [ju:s]1) (the act of using or state of being used: The use of force to persuade workers to join a strike cannot be justified; This telephone number is for use in emergencies.)2) (the/a purpose for which something may be used: This little knife has plenty of uses; I have no further use for these clothes.)3) ((often in questions or with negatives) value or advantage: Is this coat (of) any use to you?; It's no use offering to help when it's too late.)4) (the power of using: She lost the use of her right arm as a result of the accident.)5) (permission, or the right, to use: They let us have the use of their car while they were away.)•- useful- usefulness - usefully - useless - be in use - out of use - come in useful - have no use for - it's no use - make good use of - make use of - put to good use - put to use -
122 by
by ⇒ Usage note: byA prep1 (showing agent, result) par ; he was bitten by a snake il a été mordu par un serpent ; the house was designed by an architect la maison a été conçue par un architecte ; a building destroyed by fire un bâtiment détruit par le feu ; we were overwhelmed by the news nous avons été bouleversés par la nouvelle ; by working extra hours, he was able to earn more money en faisant des heures supplémentaires, il a pu gagner plus d'argent ; by selling some valuables, she was able to raise some money en vendant quelques objets de valeur, elle a pu rassembler des fonds ; to begin by saying that commencer par dire que ; any money paid by you will be reimbursed tout ce que vous avez payé vous sera remboursé ;2 ( through the means of) to travel by bus/train voyager en bus/train ; by bicycle à bicyclette, en vélo ; to pay by cheque payer par chèque ; you can reach me by phone vous pouvez me contacter par téléphone ; by candlelight [dine] aux chandelles ; [read] à la bougie ; I know her by sight je la connais de vue ; I took him by the hand je l'ai pris par la main ; he grabbed me by the hair il m'a attrapé par les cheveux ; she was holding it by the handle elle le tenait par le manche ; he has two children by his first wife il a deux enfants de sa première femme ;3 (according to, from evidence of) à ; by my watch it is three o'clock à ma montre, il est trois heures ; I could tell by the look on her face that she was angry rien qu'à la regarder je savais qu'elle était fâchée ; what did you understand by her remarks? comment est-ce que tu as compris ses remarques? ; I knew him by his walk je l'ai reconnu à sa démarche ; it's all right by me ça me va ;4 (via, passing through) par ; we entered by the back door nous sommes entrés par la porte de derrière ; we'll get there quicker if we go by Birmingham nous y arriverons plus rapidement si nous passons par Birmingham ; we travelled to Rome by Venice and Florence nous sommes allés à Rome en passant par Venise et Florence ;5 (near, beside) à côté de, près de ; by the bed/the window à côté du lit/de la fenêtre ; by the sea au bord de la mer ; come and sit by me viens t'asseoir à côté de moi ;6 ( past) to go ou pass by sb passer devant qn ; she walked by me elle est passée devant moi ; they passed us by in their car ils nous ont dépassés dans leur voiture ; please let us get by s'il vous plaît, laissez-nous passer ;7 ( showing authorship) de ; a film by Claude Chabrol un film de Claude Chabrol ; a novel by Virginia Woolf un roman de Virginia Woolf ; who is it by? c'est de qui? ;8 (before, not later than) avant ; it must be done by four o'clock/next Thursday il faut que ce soit fait avant quatre heures/jeudi prochain ; by this time next week d'ici la semaine prochaine ; by the time she had got downstairs he was gone le temps qu'elle descende, il était parti ; he ought to be here by now il devrait être déjà là ; by now it was clear that they were going to win à ce moment-là il était clair qu'ils allaient gagner ; but by then it was too late mais il était déjà trop tard ;9 ( during) by day as well as by night de jour comme de nuit ; by daylight au jour ; by moonlight au clair de lune ;10 ( according to) forbidden by law interdit par la loi ; to play by the rules jouer selon les règles ; it seems primitive by western standards cela a l'air primitif selon or d'après les critères occidentaux ;11 ( to the extent or degree of) de ; prices have risen by 20% les prix ont augmenté de 20% ; he's taller than me by two centimetres il fait deux centimètres de plus que moi, il est plus grand que moi de deux centimètres ; by far de loin ; she is by far the cleverest/the youngest elle est de loin la plus intelligente/la plus jeune ; it's better by far c'est beaucoup mieux ;12 ( in measurements) sur ; a room 20 metres by 10 metres une pièce de 20 mètres sur 10 ;14 (showing rate, quantity) à ; to be paid by the hour être payé à l'heure ; by the dozen à la douzaine ;15 (in successive degrees, units) little by little peu à peu ; day by day jour après jour ; one by one un par un, un à un ;16 ( with regard to) de ; he is an architect by profession ou trade il est architecte de son métier ; by birth de naissance ;18 ( used with reflexive pronouns) he did it all by himself il l'a fait tout seul ; she was sitting by herself elle était assise toute seule ;19 (in promises, oaths) by God, I could kill him! je le jure, je pourrais le tuer! ; I swear by heaven je jure devant Dieu ;B adv1 ( past) to go by passer ; the people walking by les gens mpl qui passent/passaient, les passants mpl ; he walked on by without stopping il est passé sans s'arrêter ; a lot of time has gone by since then il s'est écoulé beaucoup de temps depuis lors ; as time goes by avec le temps ;2 ( near) près ; he lives close by il habite tout près ;3 (aside, in reserve) to put money by mettre de l'argent de côté ;4 ( to one's house) come by for a drink passe prendre un verre ; she called by during the week elle est passée dans la semaine.by and by bientôt ; by the by, by the bye à propos ; but that's by the by mais ça c'est un détail, mais ça c'est autre chose. -
123 كتب
كَتَبَ \ inscribe: to write, esp. by cutting letters in stone or metal or wood. note: (usu. with down) to write a note about: The policeman noted (down) the number of their car. record: to write (sth.) so that it shall be remembered: History does not record the cause of his death. write (wrote): to draw signs that make words: She writes neatly. I wrote his name down (I made a note of it). Write this out three times (Make three full copies of it). \ See Also سجل (سَجَّلَ)، نقش (نَقَشَ) \ كَتَبَ (مقالة أو كتابًا، إلخ) \ write: to put into words; to create for printing (a book, article, etc. esp. for a living): He wrote an account of the accident. She writes books on science. He has stopped teaching to that he can write (as a job). \ See Also ألف (أَلَّفَ) \ كَتَبَ \ pencil: to write or draw with a pencil: She pencilled a quick note. \ See Also رَسَمَ بقلم الرَّصاص \ كَتَبَ التاريخ على \ date: to put a date on sth.: This letter is not dated. \ كَتَبَ ثانِيَةً \ rewrite: to write again: You must rewrite this page more neatly. The book was rewritten in simpler English. -
124 inscribe
كَتَبَ \ inscribe: to write, esp. by cutting letters in stone or metal or wood. note: (usu. with down) to write a note about: The policeman noted (down) the number of their car. record: to write (sth.) so that it shall be remembered: History does not record the cause of his death. write (wrote): to draw signs that make words: She writes neatly. I wrote his name down (I made a note of it). Write this out three times (Make three full copies of it). \ See Also سجل (سَجَّلَ)، نقش (نَقَشَ) -
125 note
كَتَبَ \ inscribe: to write, esp. by cutting letters in stone or metal or wood. note: (usu. with down) to write a note about: The policeman noted (down) the number of their car. record: to write (sth.) so that it shall be remembered: History does not record the cause of his death. write (wrote): to draw signs that make words: She writes neatly. I wrote his name down (I made a note of it). Write this out three times (Make three full copies of it). \ See Also سجل (سَجَّلَ)، نقش (نَقَشَ) -
126 record
كَتَبَ \ inscribe: to write, esp. by cutting letters in stone or metal or wood. note: (usu. with down) to write a note about: The policeman noted (down) the number of their car. record: to write (sth.) so that it shall be remembered: History does not record the cause of his death. write (wrote): to draw signs that make words: She writes neatly. I wrote his name down (I made a note of it). Write this out three times (Make three full copies of it). \ See Also سجل (سَجَّلَ)، نقش (نَقَشَ) -
127 write (wrote)
كَتَبَ \ inscribe: to write, esp. by cutting letters in stone or metal or wood. note: (usu. with down) to write a note about: The policeman noted (down) the number of their car. record: to write (sth.) so that it shall be remembered: History does not record the cause of his death. write (wrote): to draw signs that make words: She writes neatly. I wrote his name down (I made a note of it). Write this out three times (Make three full copies of it). \ See Also سجل (سَجَّلَ)، نقش (نَقَشَ) -
128 note
دَوَّنَ \ note: (usu. with down) to write a note about: The policeman noted (down) the number of their car. put: to express; say or write: You could put that idea more clearly. Put that (down) in your notebook. Put that sentence into French. record: to write (sth.) so that it shall be remembered: History does not record the cause of his death. write: to put into words; to create for printing (a book, articles, etc., esp. for a living): He wrote an account of the accident. She writes books on science. He has stopped teaching to that he can write (as a job). \ See Also كتب (كَتَبَ)، ألف (أَلَّفَ)
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