-
1 the roofs are white with snow
[dhë ru:fs a: wait with snëu] çatitë zbardhin nga dëbora -
2 black
[blæk] adj., n., v. -adj 1. i zi; i errët; i nxirë; black in the face i nxirë në fytyrë (nga inati); look black at sb, give sb a black look shikoj me inat dikë; not so black as one is painted jo aq i zi/i lig sa ç'e bëjnë. 2. fig. i thellë; i madh; black despair pikëllim i thellë. 3. zezak, i zi; black theatre teatër zezak. 4. i nxirë; black with soot të nxira nga bloza. 5. i zymtë, i vrenjtur(mot).-n 1. e zezë, të zi; dressed in black veshur në të zeza. 2. blozë. 3. zezak.● have sth down in black and white shkruaj të zezë mbi të bardhë, hedh në letër; in the black pa humbje; me fitim. / -v 1. nxij. 2. nxihem. 3. lyej (këpucët)● black out a me bie të fikët; b) errësoj (në raste bombardimesh); c) mbaj të fshehtë, bllokoj (një lajm)● blackamoor ['blækëmuë:] n. lëkurëzi; zezak● black-and-blue ['blækënblu:] adj. vula-vula, tërë vurata (nga të rrahurit)● black art n. magji* * *i zi -
3 BIOS
['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)What is BIOS?BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:What is firmware?Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.What is the difference between memory and disk storage?Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.What is RAM?RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.What is ROM?ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.What is an ACPI BIOS?ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.What is CMOS?CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.htmlMost commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.How do I enter the Setup program in my BIOS?Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:Press F2 to enter SetupMany newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS. -
4 book
[buk] n.,v. -n 1. libër. 2. The Book ( the Book of Book, the Good book) Bibla. 3. tufë, bllok (biletash, pullash etj). 4. bllok shënimesh. 5. libret (opere). 6. regjistër i basteve. 7. pl. libër llogarish; keep the book for the business mbaj llogaritë e firmës. 8. the book numratori telefonik, libri i telefonave. 9. katalog.● be in sb's bad/black book më ka në listen e zezë; bring sb to book (forsth) i kërkoj shpjegime dikujt, i kërkoj llogari; by the book siç duhet, sipas rregullave; know like a book e kam në majë të gishtave, e di fare mirë; keep/make a book (on) vë bast (për); not suit one's book s'është i përshtatshëm, s'më vjen për mbarë; on the books në listen e (anëtarëve të një klubi etj); throw the book at gj.fol. i jap dënimin maksimal.- v 1. fus në listë; regjistroj; shënoj. 2. akuzoj; she was booked on a charge of theft ajo u akuzua (në polici) për vjedhje. 3. rezervoj; book a room zë /rezervoj një dhomë (në hotel). 4. angazhoj, pajtoj; be booked for every night pajtohem për të gjitha netët● book end ['buk end] em. mbajtëse e librave (në raft)● book in ['buk in] a) zë dhomë (në hotel); b) i rezervoj dhomë● bookmaking ['bukmeiking] em. industri e librit.● regjistrimi i basteve (në garat e vrapimeve me kuaj)● bookmaker ['bukmeikë:] n 1. libralidhës; punëtor i librarisë. 2. tipograf. 3. bastevënës, agjent bastesh për garat e kuajve; bukmeikër (regjistrues i basteve në vrapimet me kuaj)● bookmark [bukmark] shenjë në libër; reference e cila na drejton kah ndonjë dokument i caktuar hipertekstual i Internetit● bookmarker [bukmarkë:] n. tregues i faqes (ku është ndërprerë leximi i librit)● book-minded [bukmaindid] adj. (njeri) i etur për lexim● book-mindedness [bukmaindidnis] n. etje për lexim● book learning ['buk 'lë:(r)ning] em. njohuri librore.● shkollim● book lover ['buk 'lavë:(r)] em. amator i librit; libërdashës● book-loving ['buk 'laving] em. libërdashës● book up ['buk ap] rezervoj; zë (dhomë); the hotel is booked up until August hoteli është i zënë deri në gusht● book club ['buk klab] n. rreth letrar; klub që u shet libra me zbritje antarëve të vet; klub takimi për të diskutuar dhe rishqirtuar librat● book jacket [buk'xhækit] n. këmishë, mbështjellëse (e kapakut të librit)● bookrest ['buk rest] n. mbështetëse e librit● book review ['buk rivju:] n. referat; reçensë● book reviewer [buk ri'vju:ë:(r)] n. recensues; kritik letrar● book room [bukrum] n. sallë e librave; sallë leximi.● bibliotekë● bookshelf ['bukshelf] n. raft (dollap) librash (në librari)● bookshop ['bukshop] n. librari● book-store ['buksto:(r)] n. librari● book token ['buk 'toukën] n. dëftesë e blerjes së librit● book work [bukwë:k] n. pyetje provimi (për lëndën e përfshirë në tekstin mësimor).● studim (mësim) përmendësh.● shtyp. punë e repartit të librarisë.● mbajtje e librit të llogarisë.● visitors' book ['vizitë:(r)z buk] n 1. libër përshtypjesh. 2. regjistër (i klientëve të hotelit)● class book [kla:s buk] n. libër mësimi (shkolle)● classbook ['klas:buk] n. regjistër (i klasës)● picture book ['pikçë:(r) buk] n. libër me ilustrime● blue book ['blu:'buk] n 1. Br. libër i kaltërt (i qeverisë britanike); libri i njerëzve të shquar. 2. amer. fletore provimesh; regjistër i nënpunësve të shtetit (në SHBA)● white book [wait buk] libër i bardhë; raport zyrtar i qeverisë në Britani● minute book ['minit buk] regjistër i proçesverbaleve* * *libër; rezervoj -
5 with
[widh, with] prep 1. me; come with me eja me mua; do you take sugar with coffee? me sheqer e pi kafen? 2. me, në anën e; dakord me; I'm with you all the way jam plotësisht dakord me ju. 3. me, i pajisur me, që ka; passengers with tickets udhëtarët e pajisur me biletë. 4. (mënyrë) me; say with a smile them me buzë në gaz; do sth with great care e bëj diçka me kujdes të madh. 5. (mjet) me, me anën e; write with a pencil shkruaj me laps. 6. (shkak) nga; jump with joy hidhem përpjetë nga gëzimi; the roofs are white with snow çatitë zbardhin nga dëbora. 7. (varësi) në varësi të, sipas; vary with the weather ndryshon sipas motit. 8. kundër; me; at war with Japan në luftë kundër Japonisë; in competition with në konkurencë me. 9. (ndarje) me; nga; prej; part with sb/sth ndahem me dikë/prej diçkaje. 10. (përkatësi) me; në lidhje me; be honest with them tregohu i ndershëm me ta; what's with her?, what's the matter with her?, what's up with her? si e ka punën/hallin ajo?, ç'ka ndodhur me të? 11. (kohë) me, krahas me; with the approach of spring me afrimin e pranverës; rise with the sun zgjohem me të dale dielli. 12. (lejim) megjithë, pavarësisht nga; with all his mistakes he is still the best megjithë gabimet që ka bërë, ai mbetet përsëri më i miri. 13. (në shprehje thirrore): away with you! ik tutje!, largohu! down with hypocrites! poshtë hipokritët! off with his head! t'i pritet koka! ( keep in with gj.fol. mbaj shoqëri me; with it zhrg. i kohës, i modes; with that ndërkaq, në të njëjtën kohë.* * *me -
6 wear
['weë:] v.,n. -v. ( wore; worn) 1. vesh; mbath; mbaj; wear a hat mbaj kapeië; wear white vishem me të bardha; wear one's hair long i mbaj flokët të gjatë. 2. mbaj, kam; wear an air of satisfaction kam një pamje të kënaqur. 3. mbaj, përballoj; wear one's age /years well mbahem mirë për moshën që kam. 4. konsumoj, ha, prish; wear holes in a shoe, wear the shoe into holes i hap vrima këpucës; the rug was worn thin/threadbare qilimi qe holluar sa i patën dalë penjtë. 5. Br. duroj, lejoj, pranoj; they won't wear that ata nuk do ta pranojnë/nuk do ta hanë këtë. 6. rron, reziston, mban (rroba etj); this hat will wear forever kjo kapelë rron tërë jetën; she has worn well gj.fol. ajo është mbajtur mirë; a friendship that did not wear një miqësi që nuk mbajti gjatë. 7. hahet, grihet (rroba etj); konsumohet (edhe fig.); that excuse has worn thin! ky justifikim nuk shkon më! 8. përfundon; wear towards its end/a close i afrohet fundit. 9. lodh; the job was extremely wearing puna ishte rraskapitëse /-n 1. veshje; mbathje; mbajtje; clothes for evening wear rroba që vishen në mbrëmje; compulsory wear for officers veshje e detyrueshme për oficerët; these shoes have had/seen some hard wear këto këpucë janë veshur goxha gjatë. 2. përdorim, konsumim; ngrënie; it has had a lot of wear and tear është përdorur goxha; the wear and tear on the engine konsumimi i motorit. 3. treg. rroba, veshje; children's wear rroba për fëmijë; winter wear veshje dimri● wear away ['weë: ë'wei] a) hahet, grihet; b) gërryhet; c) shuhet; d) ha, grin; e) gërryen; f) shuan● wear down ['weë: daun] a) hahen (takat); b) harxhohet (lapsi); c) sos (durimin); d) ul, dobësoj (rezistencën); e) lodh● wear off ['weë: of] a) del (boja); b) shuhet, zhduket; c) bie, pakësohet; qefesoi set (dhimbja); d) ha, konsumoj● wear on ['weë: on] a) ecën, kalon (koha); b) vazhdon (diskutimi)● wear out ['weë: aut] a) hahet, konsumohet (rroba, këpuca); b) soset (durimi); c) konsumoj; d) sos; e) lodh; wear oneself out lodh veten, këputem● wear through ['weë: thru:] i hap vrimë● wearer ['vveërë:] n. mbajtës; përdorues; direct from maker to wearer direkt nga prodhuesi te përdoruesi● weariness ['wiërinis] n 1. lodhje; këputje. 2. mërzi* * *vesh; veshje
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