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the+upper+servants

  • 1 the upper servants

    the upper servants старшая прислуга (дворецкий и т. п.)

    Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > the upper servants

  • 2 the upper servants

    Общая лексика: старшая прислуга (дворецкий и т. п.)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the upper servants

  • 3 upper

    upper [ˊʌpə]
    1. a
    1) ве́рхний; вы́сший;

    the U. House ве́рхняя пала́та

    ;

    the upper servants ста́ршая прислу́га ( дворецкий и т.п.)

    ;

    the upper ten (thousand) верху́шка о́бщества

    ;
    а) ве́рхняя ко́рка ( буханки);
    б) разг. верху́шка о́бщества, аристокра́тия;
    а) ве́рхний эта́ж;
    б) разг. башка́, «черда́к»;

    he is a little wrong in the upper storey ≅ у него́ не все до́ма

    2) горн. восстаю́щий ( о шпуре)
    2. n
    1) передо́к боти́нка
    2) pl ге́тры; гама́ши
    3) разг. ве́рхняя по́лка ( в вагоне)
    4) ве́рхний зуб
    5) горн. восстаю́щий шпур
    а) быть без гроша́; быть в стеснённых обстоя́тельствах;
    б) ходи́ть в сто́птанных башмака́х

    Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > upper

  • 4 upper

    ˈʌpə
    1. прил.
    1) верхний;
    высший, наивысший upper crust Upper House upper servants upper storey upper ten
    2) горн. восстающий( о шпуре)
    2. сущ.
    1) передок ботинка
    2) мн. гетры;
    гамаши
    4) верхний зуб
    5) горн. восстающий шпур ∙ be down on one's uppers передок ботинка гетры, гамаши ( разговорное) верхнее место (в вагоне) верхняя челюсть или верхний зуб( горное) восстающий шпур (американизм) (сленг) возбуждающий наркотик, стимулянт > to be (down) on one's *s ходить в стоптанных башмаках;
    быть без гроша, быть в стесненных обстоятельствах верхний - * lid верхнее веко - * jaw верхняя челюсть - * deck верхняя палуба( корабля) полетная палуба( авианосца) - * storey верхний этаж;
    (разговорное) "башка", "чердак" - * water (гидрология) верхний бьеф - * works( морское) надводная часть( судна) ;
    надстройки (сленг) голова, мозги уличный, верхний ( об одежде) высший (по положению, чину) - * servants старшая прислуга относящийся ко второй половине (десятилетия и т. п.) - he is in his * eighties ему под девяносто( горное) восстающий (о шпуре) > the * ten thousand верхушка общества > to have the * hand одержать верх, одолеть, выиграть to be (down) on one's ~s быть без гроша;
    быть в стесненных обстоятельствах to be (down) on one's ~s ходить в стоптанных башмаках the ~ storey разг. башка, "чердак";
    he is a little wrong in the upper storey = у него не все дома ~ crust верхняя корка( буханки) ~ crust верхушка общества, аристократия ~ crust разг. голова;
    шляпа upper верхний;
    высший;
    the Upper House верхняя палата;
    the upper servants старшая прислуга (дворецкий и т. п.) ;
    the upper ten (thousand) верхушка общества upper верхний;
    высший;
    the Upper House верхняя палата;
    the upper servants старшая прислуга (дворецкий и т. п.) ;
    the upper ten (thousand) верхушка общества

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > upper

  • 5 upper

    [ˈʌpə]
    to be (down) on one's uppers быть без гроша; быть в стесненных обстоятельствах to be (down) on one's uppers ходить в стоптанных башмаках the upper storey разг. башка, "чердак"; he is a little wrong in the upper storey = у него не все дома upper crust верхняя корка (буханки) upper crust верхушка общества, аристократия upper crust разг. голова; шляпа upper верхний; высший; the Upper House верхняя палата; the upper servants старшая прислуга (дворецкий и т. п.); the upper ten (thousand) верхушка общества upper верхний; высший; the Upper House верхняя палата; the upper servants старшая прислуга (дворецкий и т. п.); the upper ten (thousand) верхушка общества

    English-Russian short dictionary > upper

  • 6 upper

    1. adjective
    1) верхний; высший; the Upper House верхняя палата; the upper servants старшая прислуга (дворецкий и т. п.); the upper ten (thousand) верхушка общества;
    upper crust
    а) верхняя корка (буханки);
    б) верхушка общества, аристократия;
    в) collocation голова; шляпа;
    the upper storey
    а) верхний этаж;
    б) collocation башка, 'чердак'; he is a little wrong in the upper storey = у него не все дома
    2) mining восстающий (о шпуре)
    2. noun
    1) передок ботинка
    2) (pl.) гетры; гамаши
    3) collocation верхняя полка (в вагоне)
    4) верхний зуб
    5) mining восстающий шпур
    to be (down)
    on one's uppers
    а) ходить в стоптанных башмаках;
    б) быть без гроша; быть в стесненных обстоятельствах
    * * *
    (a) верхний; высший
    * * *
    верхний, высший
    * * *
    [up·per || 'ʌpə(r)] n. передок ботинка, верхняя полка, верхний зуб, восстающий шпур adj. верхний, высший, восстающий
    * * *
    верхний
    высший
    * * *
    1. прил. 1) а) верхний б) в) внешний 2) дальний; лежащий дальше от входа 3) наземный, расположенный выше уровня земли 4) высший; старший (по должности или званию); наиболее влиятельный 2. сущ. 1) обыкн. мн. а) верх обуви б) гетры 2) верхний зуб; верхняя челюсть;верхний зубной протез 3) а) б) сленг учащийся высшей школы в) разг.

    Новый англо-русский словарь > upper

  • 7 upper

    1. [ʹʌpə] n
    1. обыкн. pl передок ботинка
    2. обыкн. pl гетры, гамаши
    3. разг. верхнее место ( в вагоне)
    4. верхняя челюсть или верхний зуб
    5. горн. восстающий шпур
    6. амер. сл. возбуждающий наркотик, стимулянт

    ♢ to be (down) on one's uppers - а) ходить в стоптанных башмаках; б) быть без гроша, быть в стеснённых обстоятельствах

    2. [ʹʌpə] a
    1. 1) верхний

    upper jaw [lip] - верхняя челюсть [губа]

    upper storey - а) верхний этаж; б) разг. «башка», «чердак»

    upper water - гидр. верхний бьеф

    upper works - а) мор. надводная часть ( судна); надстройки; б) сл. голова, мозги

    2) уличный, верхний ( об одежде)
    2. высший (по положению, чину)
    3. относящийся ко второй половине (десятилетия и т. п.)
    4. горн. восстающий ( о шпуре)

    ♢ the upper ten thousand - верхушка общества

    to have /to get/ the upper hand - одержать верх, одолеть, выиграть

    НБАРС > upper

  • 8 upper

    1. n обыкн. передок ботинка
    2. n обыкн. гетры, гамаши
    3. n разг. верхнее место
    4. n верхняя челюсть или верхний зуб
    5. n горн. восстающий шпур
    6. n амер. сл. возбуждающий наркотик, стимулянт
    7. a уличный, верхний
    8. a высший

    upper class — аристократия; дворянство; высшие слои общества

    9. a относящийся ко второй половине
    10. a горн. восстающий

    to have the upper hand — одержать верх, одолеть, выиграть

    Синонимический ряд:
    1. above (adj.) above; ahead; higher; loftier; more elevated; over; overhead; topmost; uppermost
    2. above (other) about; above; aloft; covering; over; overtop; roofing

    English-Russian base dictionary > upper

  • 9 storey

    ˈstɔ:rɪ сущ. этаж;
    ярус этаж;
    ярус - on the third * на четвертом этаже - to add a * to a house надстроить этаж > the top /upper/ * мозги, "котелок" > he is weak in the upper * у него котелок плохо варит storey этаж;
    ярус;
    to add a storey to a house надстроить дом;
    the upper storey см. upper second ~ третий этаж (США) storey этаж;
    ярус;
    to add a storey to a house надстроить дом;
    the upper storey см. upper ~ этаж ~ ярус story: story = storey storey этаж;
    ярус;
    to add a storey to a house надстроить дом;
    the upper storey см. upper upper: upper верхний;
    высший;
    the Upper House верхняя палата;
    the upper servants старшая прислуга (дворецкий и т. п.) ;
    the upper ten (thousand) верхушка общества ~ верхний ~ верхний зуб ~ разг. верхняя полка (в вагоне) ~ горн. восстающий( о шпуре) ~ горн. восстающий шпур ~ высший ~ pl гетры;
    гамаши ~ передок ботинка storey этаж;
    ярус;
    to add a storey to a house надстроить дом;
    the upper storey см. upper upper: the ~ storey разг. башка, "чердак";
    he is a little wrong in the upper storey = у него не все дома the ~ storey верхний этаж

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > storey

  • 10 storey

    [ˈstɔ:rɪ]
    storey этаж; ярус; to add a storey to a house надстроить дом; the upper storey см. upper second storey третий этаж (США) storey этаж; ярус; to add a storey to a house надстроить дом; the upper storey см. upper storey этаж storey ярус story: story = storey storey этаж; ярус; to add a storey to a house надстроить дом; the upper storey см. upper upper: upper верхний; высший; the Upper House верхняя палата; the upper servants старшая прислуга (дворецкий и т. п.); the upper ten (thousand) верхушка общества storey верхний storey верхний зуб storey разг. верхняя полка (в вагоне) storey горн. восстающий (о шпуре) storey горн. восстающий шпур storey высший storey pl гетры; гамаши storey передок ботинка storey этаж; ярус; to add a storey to a house надстроить дом; the upper storey см. upper upper: the storey storey разг. башка, "чердак"; he is a little wrong in the upper storey = у него не все дома the storey storey верхний этаж

    English-Russian short dictionary > storey

  • 11 house

    [̘. ̈n.haus]
    accepting house акцептный дом (Великобритания) accepting house торговый банк, специализирующийся на финансировании внешней торговли и операциях на финансовых рынках adjoining house соседний дом house театр; публика, зрители; appreciative house отзывчивая публика, аудитория; to bring down the (whole) house вызвать гром аплодисментов; full house аншлаг auction house здание, где происходит аукцион banking house банк banking house банкирский дом barter house торговый дом house театр; публика, зрители; appreciative house отзывчивая публика, аудитория; to bring down the (whole) house вызвать гром аплодисментов; full house аншлаг business house торговый дом clearing house банковская расчетная палата clearing house депозитарно-распределительный документационный центр clearing house клиринговая палата clearing house (банковская) расчетная палата clearing house центр анализа и синтеза информации club house помещение клуба commercial house коммерческий дом confirming house дом для конфирмации council house муниципальный дом court house здание суда discount house вексельная контора discount house розничный магазин, торгующий по сниженным ценам discount house учетный банк house of correction исправительно-трудовая колония; on the house за счет предприятия, бесплатно; a drink on the house бесплатная выпивка dwelling house жилой дом third house амер. sl. кулуары конгресса; to enter the House стать членом парламента export house экспортная фирма fabricated house стандартный дом; дом из сборных элементов, изготовленных заводским способом finance house финансовый дом (Великобритания) house представление; сеанс; the first house starts at five o'clock первый сеанс начинается в пять часов free house с доставкой на дом house театр; публика, зрители; appreciative house отзывчивая публика, аудитория; to bring down the (whole) house вызвать гром аплодисментов; full house аншлаг half-way houses "дома на пол-пути" (реабилитационные учреждения, предоставляют кров наркоманам, не имеющим средств к существованию и поддержки со стороны семьи) holiday house загородный дом house (the H.) разг. (лондонская) биржа house вмещать(ся), помещаться house гостиница, постоялый двор house дом; семья; хозяйство; to keep house вести хозяйство; to keep the house сидеть дома house дом; жилище; здание house дом house жилище house жить (в доме); we can house together мы можем поселиться вместе house квартира house колледж университета; пансион при школе house (тж. the H.) палата (парламента); a parliament of two houses двухпалатный парламент; lower house нижняя палата; upper house верхняя палата house помещать, убирать (о вещах, имуществе и т. п.) house поселить, приютить house предоставлять жилище; обеспечивать жильем house предоставлять жилище house представление; сеанс; the first house starts at five o'clock первый сеанс начинается в пять часов house (the H.) разг. работный дом house воен. расквартировывать house религиозное братство house мор. рубка house семья, род; дом, династия house семья house театр; публика, зрители; appreciative house отзывчивая публика, аудитория; to bring down the (whole) house вызвать гром аплодисментов; full house аншлаг house торговая фирма house недв. торговая фирма house торговый дом house с.-х. убирать (хлеб); загонять (скот) house недв. хозяйство house attr. домашний, комнатный; house and home дом, домашний уют house attr. домашний, комнатный; house and home дом, домашний уют house of call помещение, где собираются в ожидании клиентов возчики, рассыльные; извозчичья биржа House of Commons парл. палата общин (Великобритания) House of Commons палата общин; House of Lords палата лордов; House of Representatives палата представителей, нижняя палата конгресса США house of correction исправительно-трудовая колония; on the house за счет предприятия, бесплатно; a drink on the house бесплатная выпивка House of Lords юр. палата лордов (Великобритания) House of Commons палата общин; House of Lords палата лордов; House of Representatives палата представителей, нижняя палата конгресса США house of parliament парл. здание парламента House of Representatives парл. палата представителей (США) House of Commons палата общин; House of Lords палата лордов; House of Representatives палата представителей, нижняя палата конгресса США representative: house (R.) амер. член палаты представителей; House of Representatives палата представителей house party компания гостей, проводящая несколько дней в загородном доме issuing house эмиссионное учреждение issuing house эмиссионный банк issuing house эмиссионный дом house дом; семья; хозяйство; to keep house вести хозяйство; to keep the house сидеть дома keep house банкрот. прекращать платежи по долгам keep: house управлять, вести; to keep house вести хозяйство house дом; семья; хозяйство; to keep house вести хозяйство; to keep the house сидеть дома leasehold house арендованный дом to set (или to put) one's house in order привести в порядок свои дела; like a house on fire разг. быстро и легко linked house родственная компания house (тж. the H.) палата (парламента); a parliament of two houses двухпалатный парламент; lower house нижняя палата; upper house верхняя палата Lower House нижняя палата (в двухпалатном парламенте) lower: Lower House нижняя палата (в двухпалатном парламенте) mail-order house компания посылочной торговли mail-order house магазин "товары почтой" mail-order: mail-order: house house магазин "товары почтой" to divide the house парл. провести поименное голосование; to make a house обеспечить кворум (в палате общин) move house менять место жительства move: house переезжать; переселяться; to move house переезжать на другую квартиру multifamily house многосемейный дом multistorey house многоэтажный дом house of correction исправительно-трудовая колония; on the house за счет предприятия, бесплатно; a drink on the house бесплатная выпивка one-family house дом для одной семьи one-family house односемейный дом owner-occupied house дом, занимаемый владельцем house (тж. the H.) палата (парламента); a parliament of two houses двухпалатный парламент; lower house нижняя палата; upper house верхняя палата pensioner's house дом престарелых public house бар public house закусочная public house пивная public house трактир, кабак, пивная, таверна public: public разг. см. public house publishing house издательство publishing: house house, house office издательство road house придорожная закусочная, буфет; придорожная гостиница rough house sl скандал, шум row house дом периметральной застройки row house дом строчной застройки semidetached house сблокированный двухквартирный дом semidetached: semidetached имеющий общую стену; semidetached house один из двух особняков, имеющих общую стену to set (или to put) one's house in order привести в порядок свои дела; like a house on fire разг. быстро и легко show house выставочный зал show house демонстрационный зал single-family house одноквартирный дом single-family house односемейное жилище social tenant house дом, находящийся в коллективной собственности software house comp. программотехническая фирма software house вчт. фирма программного обеспечения storage house склад storage house хранилище summer house летний дом tenement house сдаваемый в аренду многоквартирный дом terraced house дом рядовой застройки third house амер. sl. кулуары конгресса; to enter the House стать членом парламента town house богадельня (США) town house городская квартира town house городская тюрьма (США) town house работный дом (США) town house ратуша town: house attr. городской; town house городская квартира; town water вода из городского водопровода; a man about town человек, ведущий светский образ жизни trading house торговый дом two-family house жилой дом на две семьи underwriting house банк, размещающий ценные бумаги underwriting house инвестиционный банкир underwriting house эмиссионное учреждение underwriting house эмиссионный дом house (тж. the H.) палата (парламента); a parliament of two houses двухпалатный парламент; lower house нижняя палата; upper house верхняя палата upper: upper верхний; высший; the Upper House верхняя палата; the upper servants старшая прислуга (дворецкий и т. п.); the upper ten (thousand) верхушка общества house жить (в доме); we can house together мы можем поселиться вместе

    English-Russian short dictionary > house

  • 12 livery

    ̈ɪˈlɪvərɪ I прил.
    1) напоминающий по цвету или консистенции печень
    2) разг. связанный с расстройством или болезнью печени, предполагающий расстройство печени You had too much port: port always makes you livery. ≈ Ты выпил слишком много портвейна: портвейн всегда делает тебя желчным. Mr. Bishop is inclined to be testy when 'livery'. ≈ Мистер Бишоп склонен к раздражительности при расстройстве печени. II сущ.
    1) ист. а) распределение, выдача продовольствия или одежды слугам, вассалам Syn: allowance
    1. б) рацион, порция еды, выдаваемая слугам или вассалам
    2) а) прокорм, содержание лошадей (в платной конюшне) б) платная конюшня в) прокат( лошадей, экипажей и т. п.) Syn: livery stable
    3) ливрея in livery ≈ в ливрее out of livery ≈ в обычном платье( не в ливрее) livery servant ≈ ливрейный лакей
    4) отличительный знак, эмблема, символ, цвет ( на товарах, транспорте и др., указывающих производителя или собственника) Syn: emblem
    1., device
    5) собир. а) слуги в ливрее She is above the livery, and belongs to the upper servants. ≈ Она выше по положению, чем слуги в ливрее, и принадлежит к слугам более высокого ранга. б) гильдия, члены гильдии to take up one's livery ≈ стать членом гильдии
    6) поэт. наряд, одеяние, убор the livery of spring ≈ весенний наряд (природы) Syn: garb
    1.
    7) юр. а) формальная передача собственности другому лицу б) документ, подтверждающий право владения ливрея - * servant ливрейный лакей - in * носящий ливрею;
    в ливрее (о слуге) - out of * в обычном костюме (о слуге) (историческое) костюм члена гильдии (историческое) членство в гильдии - to take up one's * стать членом гильдии наряд, убор;
    покров - birds in their winter * птицы в зимнем оперении - trees in the * of spring деревья в весеннем уборе - the sombre liveries of the rooks темный, мрачный наряд грачей прокорм или содержание лошади( в платной конюшне) - at * помещенный в платную конюшню прокат (лошадей, экипажей) (американизм) платная конюшня;
    извозчичий двор( историческое) содержание или выдача продовольствия и одежды слугам или вассалам (юридическое) ввод во владение;
    формальная передача собственности - to receive in * принять во владение (имущество) документ, подтверждающий право владение темно-каштановый( разговорное) страдающий болезнью печени (разговорное) желчный (просторечие) вязкий( о почве) ~ прокорм или содержание лошади;
    прокат (лошадей, экипажей, лодок и т. п.) ;
    at livery помещенный в платную конюшню (о лошади) livery = liverish ~ юр. ввод во владение ~ ист. костюм члена гильдии ~ attr. ливрейный;
    livery servant ливрейный лакей ~ ливрея ~ поэт. наряд, убор;
    the livery of spring весенний наряд (природы) ~ платная конюшня ~ прокорм или содержание лошади;
    прокат (лошадей, экипажей, лодок и т. п.) ;
    at livery помещенный в платную конюшню (о лошади) ~ раздражительный ~ темно-каштановый ~ поэт. наряд, убор;
    the livery of spring весенний наряд (природы) ~ attr. ливрейный;
    livery servant ливрейный лакей

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > livery

  • 13 livery

    I ['lɪv(ə)rɪ] разг.; = = liverish II ['lɪv(ə)rɪ] сущ.
    2) употр. с гл. во мн. ливрейные лакеи

    She is above the livery, and belongs to the upper servants. — Она выше по положению, чем ливрейные слуги, и принадлежит к слугам более высокого ранга.

    3) ист.
    4) поэт. наряд, одеяние, убор
    Syn:
    5) ист.
    а) распределение, выдача продовольствия или одежды слугам, вассалам
    б) рацион, порция еды, выдаваемая слугам или вассалам
    •
    Syn:
    6)
    а) прокорм, содержание лошадей ( в платной конюшне)
    в) прокат (лошадей, экипажей)
    7) отличительный знак, эмблема, символ, цвет (на товарах, транспорте и др., указывающих производителя или собственника)
    Syn:
    8) юр.
    б) документ, подтверждающий право владения

    Англо-русский современный словарь > livery

  • 14 hand

    [hænd] 1. сущ.
    1)

    delicate / gentle hands — изящные, нежные руки

    to clap one's hands — хлопать, аплодировать

    to clasp / grab / grasp smb.'s hand — сжать кому-л. руку

    to hold / join hands — держаться за руки

    to lower / raise one's hands — опускать / поднимать руки

    to shake hands with smb. — здороваться с кем-л. за руку

    to take smb.'s hand — пожать протянутую руку

    He grasped the hot metal with his bare hands. — Он схватил горячий металл голыми руками.

    б) передняя лапа или нога ( животных); конечность ( у обезьян); клешня ( у ракообразных)
    2)
    а) сила, власть, твёрдая рука

    Her father was released from prison by the unbarring hand of death. — Её отец вышел из тюрьмы с помощью открывающей все засовы руки смерти.

    б) контроль, надзор; защита, охрана

    firm / iron hand — строгий контроль

    to fall into smb.'s hands — попасть кому-л. в лапы

    to suffer at smb.'s hands — натерпеться от кого-л.

    The land round his house was in his own hands. — Земля вокруг его дома принадлежала ему.

    The documents fell into enemy hands. — Документы попали в руки врага.

    The condemned man's fate is in the governor's hands. — Судьба приговорённого находится в руках губернатора.

    Syn:
    3) средство, посредничество, помощь

    to give / lend a hand — оказать помощь

    Give me a hand with the dishes. — Помоги мне с посудой.

    Give me a hand with this ladder. — Помоги мне с этой лестницей.

    He would not lift a hand to help. — Он пальцем не пошевелит, чтобы помочь.

    Syn:
    4) доля, участие (в выполнении чего-л.)

    to have / take a hand in smth. — участвовать в чём-л.

    5)
    а) сторона, направление

    no traffic on either hand of the road — никакого движения ни с той, ни с другой стороны дороги

    The mountains on either hand become loftier and steeper. — Горы с обеих сторон становятся выше и круче.

    Syn:
    Syn:
    6) обещание, клятва; рука (как символ обещания выйти замуж; как символ принятия приглашения на танец)

    to ask for smb.'s hand — просить чьей-л. руки

    Catharine's hand is promised - promised to a man whom you may hate. (W. Scott) — Рука Кэтрин уже обещана - обещана человеку, которого вы, возможно, ненавидите.

    … when the dancing recommenced and Darcy approached to claim her hand. (J. Austen) — … когда танцы возобновились и Дарси приблизился, чтобы предложить ей руку.

    7)
    а) рабочий, работник (человек, занимающийся физическим трудом)

    The foreman hired three new hands last week. — На прошлой неделе мастер нанял ещё трёх рабочих.

    Syn:
    б) автор, исполнитель

    two portraits by the same hand — два портрета, принадлежащие одной и той же кисти

    Syn:

    All hands on board perished. — Все матросы на судне погибли.

    She has just hands enough to weigh anchor. — На судне едва хватает матросов, чтобы поднять якорь.

    9)
    а) разг. мастер, умелец

    I am a bad hand at criticising men. — Из меня неважнецкий критик.

    He was a good hand at singlestick. — Он был силён в фехтовании.

    б) разг. лицо, определяемое в отношении его характера

    His moral character was exceedingly bad, he is still a loose hand. — У него очень низкие моральные качества, он по-прежнему очень распущен.

    Little S. is well known as a cool hand. — Малыш С. хорошо известен своим хладнокровием.

    10) ловкость, сноровка, мастерство, умение, способность

    to keep one's hand in smth. — продолжать совершенствоваться, не терять искусства в чём-л.

    I had always a hand at carpentry. — У меня всегда были способности к плотницкому делу.

    A jockey must have a hand for all sorts of horses, and in the case of two and three year olds a very good hand it must be. — Жокей должен уметь управлять любыми лошадьми, а чтобы управлять двухлетками и трёхлетками, требуется особое мастерство.

    Syn:
    11) разг. аплодисменты

    big / good hand — продолжительные аплодисменты

    Give the little girl a great big hand. — Давайте устроим малышке овации.

    It's a good act - we got a good hand. — Это действие сыграли хорошо - нам долго хлопали.

    The second curtain fell without a hand. — После второго действия не было ни одного хлопка.

    Syn:
    12)
    а) почерк; стиль письма

    Aunt Edna writes a beautiful hand. — У тёти Эдны великолепный почерк.

    But he will recognize my hand. — Но он узнает мою руку.

    Syn:
    Syn:
    13)
    14) ладонь (мера длины, = 4 дюйма; употребляется для измерения роста лошадей)
    15) пучок, связка ( листового табака), кисть, гроздь ( бананов)
    17) карт.

    good, strong hand — хорошие карты

    to show / declare one's hand — раскрывать карты

    to have / hold a hand — иметь карты

    He felt that life had dealt him a bad hand. — Он считал, что жизнь к нему несправедлива.

    в) партия, кон

    We have a room where we can take a hand at whist. — У нас есть комната, где мы могли бы сыграть партию в вист.

    ••

    to live from hand to mouth — жить без уверенности в будущем; жить впроголодь, кое-как сводить концы с концами

    to put / set one's hands to smth. — предпринять, начать что-л.; браться за что-л.

    to play into the hands of smb. — играть на руку кому-л.

    hands down — легко, без усилий

    - on one's hands
    - out of hand
    - for one's own hand
    - in hand
    - hand in hand
    - by hand
    - on hand
    - hand and foot
    - hand and glove
    - hand in glove
    - hand over hand
    - hand over fist
    - gain the upper hand
    - hands up!     2. прил.
    3) портативный, ручной; наручный, носимый на руке
    3. гл.
    1)
    а) давать, передавать, вручать; разносить блюда ( во время еды)

    Hand me the newspaper, please. — Подай мне, пожалуйста, газету.

    At smart tables, dishes were now handed by the servants. — За нарядными столами слуги разносили блюда.

    She handed the documents back to me. — Она протянула мне назад документы.

    Please hand down the large dish from the top shelf, I can't reach. — Пожалуйста, дай мне вон ту большую тарелку с верхней полки, я не могу её достать.

    Your test paper must be handed in by Monday. — Ваша письменная работа должна быть сдана к понедельнику.

    The precious flame representing the spirit of the Games is handed on from runner to runner. — Драгоценный огонь, символизирующий дух Олимпийских игр, передаётся бегунами из рук в руки.

    Hand out the question papers as the students enter the examination room. — Раздайте контрольные работы, когда студенты войдут в комнату.

    Hand your cases over to the doorman, he will see that they are delivered to your room. — Отдайте ваши сумки портье, он проследит, чтобы они были доставлены в ваш номер.

    It was such a wealthy party that special servants were employed to hand the drinks round. — Это был такой шикарный приём, что напитки разносили специально нанятые слуги.

    б) амер. давать, снабжать

    She handed him a surprise. — Она поразила его.

    •
    Syn:
    2) вести за руку; помогать, протягивать руку

    Remember how Sir Walter Raleigh handed Queen Elizabeth across the mud puddle? — Помнишь, как сэр Уолтер Ралей протянул руку королеве Елизавете, чтобы помочь ей перебраться через грязь?

    The loyal servant handed the lady down from her carriage. — Слуга помог леди выйти из экипажа.

    Syn:
    3) уст.
    а) дотрагиваться, брать, хватать рукой
    б) делать, управлять руками
    в) иметь дело с (кем-л. / чем-л.)
    4) мор. убирать, сворачивать ( паруса)
    •
    - hand down
    - hand in
    - hand off
    - hand on
    - hand out
    - hand over
    - hand up

    Англо-русский современный словарь > hand

  • 15 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
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    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
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    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
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    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
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    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

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