-
81 VIGG
n. poet. horse, steed.* * *n. [A. S. wicg; akin to vega = to carry; cp. Lat. vehic-ulum]:—a horse, steed, Edda (Gl.); vigg at söðla, vagn at beita, Gkv. 2. 18: freq. in poët. phrases for a ship, sund-vigg, the horse of the sea, sea-steed; öldu vigg, unn-vigg, haf-vigg, sund-vigg, borð-vigg, hlunn-vigg, hlýr-vigg, súð-vigg, stafn-vigg, segl-vigg, = the wave-steed, … sail-steed; veggjar vigg = a house, Lex. Poët.: as also in compds, vigg-baldr, -beitir, -finnandi, viggj-álfr, vigg-rennandi, -ríðandi, -runnr, -þollr, = a sailor, mariner, farer on the sea-steed, Lex. Poët.II. Vigg, an island in Norway: viggjar-skalli, a nickname, Fms. vii. -
82 VIÐA
I)(að), v. to furnish wood.f.1) mast (lét hann reisa viðuna ok draga seglit); láta skip renna at (or á) viðum, to let the ship run under bare poles;2) a high deck or bridge, amidships on ships of war (Sverrir konungr hljóp upp á viðuna).* * *1.að, to furnish wood; þú skalt viða heim öllum sumar-viði, Hrafn. 6; viða í skógi, Landn. 214, v. l.; viða heim til eldi-branda, Fms. ii. 82.2. to pile up wood; hafi sá björn er veiddi nema inni sá viðaðr, þá hafi sá er inni viðaði, N. G. L. i. 242 (cp. Orkn. 112, ok hlóðu köst fyrir dyrum); þeir viðuðu fyrir dyrr (dyrr öll, Sturl. l. c.) allar ok lögðu eld í þekjuna, Bs. i. 672.B. Metaph. to cut down, fell, destroy; unz fótverkr vígmiðlung of viða skyldi, Ýt. 26; er sikling vágr vindlauss um viða skyldi, 1: at Aðils fjörvi vitta vettr um viða skyldi, 16. This sense of the word is poët., peculiar to the poem Ýt., for Bkv. 11 is somewhat corrupt: viða cannot stand for ‘vinna,’ for nn changes into ð only before an r.2.u, f. a mast with its step and other supports (?); allt þat reiði er því skipi fylgir, bæði viðu, vatnker ok akkeri, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 168; hann braut skip sitt en meiddisk sjálfr í viðum, Landn. 272; hann lét ofan leggja seglit ok svá viðu … þá lét hann reisa viðuna ok draga seglit, Ó. H. 170; þá reistu þeir viðu ok settu upp segl sín, 165 (viðor, Fms. iv. 362, v. l.); reisa viður (viðurnar, viðuna, v. l.) ok draga upp seglin, Fms. viii. 146: reisit viðurnar dragit síðan seglin, vii. 310.2. renna at viðum, to let her run under bare poles, of a ship; lögðu segl sín ok létu skipin renna at viðum at Eyrum, they took in sail and let her run under bare poles to E., Fms. viii. 161; létu renna skipin á viðum inn í höfnina er hlaðit var seglunum, x. 245; renndu skipin at viðum fyrir vindi, viii. 335; en skipin renndu at viðum fram þá renndi hvárt á árar annars ok braut í sundr, 288.II. a high deck or bridge raised as a shelter, amidships, on ships of war; þá er maðr stóð upp á viðunum, þá náðu þeir upp á þilfarit, Fms. ix. 33; þenna umbúnað þarf á skipi at hafa til varnar, víggyrðla vel ok vígása rammliga, leggja hátt viðu ok göra undir viðti fjögur hlið … en gera með bryggjum útan tvá vega slétt stræti til ástigs hjá viðum, Sks. 86 new Ed.; a mitt skipit fyrir aptan siglu undir viðurnar (viðuna, v. l.), Fms. viii. 388; féll Áskell ofan af viðunni, id. (af viðunum, v. l.); var hann upp kominn á viðuna hjá siglunni, id.; stóð konungr upp á viðuna, 381: Sverrir konungr hljóp upp á viðuna, 139; þeir urpu sér jafnan meðal viðanna, Nj. 126; eigi vóru viðurnar upp reistar á konungs skipum, en þat sá, Baglar ok ætluðu at kaupskip væri, Fms. viii. 417 (thus, viðurnir uppreistir Cod. F; viðurnar lagðar Ed., but erroneously).2. of a bulwark on land; hleypr hann þegar út yfir viðuna, Sturl. ii. 251. -
83 þreyta
(-tta, -ttr), v. to prosecute a thing stoutly to strive hard in a thing;þreyta leik, rás við e-n, to contend in a game, run a race with one;þreyta kapp-sigling, to sail a race;þreyta drykkju við e-n, to vie in drinking with one;þreyta á drykkjuna, to strive hard to drink;þreyta e-t með kappmælum, to dispute eagerly;þreyta lög um e-t, to contend at law;jarlarnir þreyttu þetta með sér, it came to high words between them;þeir þreyttu at komast inn í borgina, they tried hard to get into the burgh;þreyta hest sporum, to prick the horse with the spurs.* * *u, f. wear and tear, exhaustion, freq. in mod. usage. -
84 ÞVERR
a.lá hverr um annan þveran, in heaps;fara þverr á fœti at e-u, to be unwilling for a thing;beita þvert, to sail close-hauled, near the wind;2) adverse, contrary (veðr hörð ok þver);3) cross, obstinate;hann kvazt ekki þverr vera í því at selja skipit, he said he would not be hard about selling the ship;setja þvert nei fyrir, to deny flatly;ek vil þó eigi þvert taka, ef þér er lítit um, I will not take it crossly, if it is not to thy mind.* * *þver, þvert, adj., compar. þverari, þverast, but also þverstr; [Ulf. þwairhs = ὀργίλος, ὀργισθείς, þwairgei = ὄργη, ἔρις; A. S. þweorh; Engl. a-thwart, and also queer; Germ. quer (kv = þv, like kvistr, kvísl, for tvistr, tvísl); Dan. tvær; cp. Engl. to thwart]:—athwart, across, transverse, opp. to longways; tjalda um þveran skálann, Fms. i. 265; um þvert andlitið, Ó. H. 217; um þveran dal, Jb. 194; lá hvarr um þveran annan, in heaps, Fms. ix. 31; falla hvárr um þveran annan, pass.; járnspengr um þveran skjöld, Gþl. 105; þverrar handar hár, a hand’s breadth, Sd. 147; þremr þverum fingrum minni, Bs. i. 376; svá langt at þvers fótar sé, Karl. 112; ferr þú lítt þverr á fæti at fjándskap við oss, Ölk. 36: um þvert, across; geng ek um þvert frá leiki, out of their way, Sighvat: storm mikinn ok veðr þvert, adverse winds, Eg. 405; veðr hörð ok þver, Fms. x. 150; veðr þver af suðri, Grett. 86 A; sem sá í þveru veðri beitir löngum, Bs. i. 750; beittu þá sem þverast austr fyrir landit, Eg. 161.II. metaph., taka e-n þvert, to take it athwart, to deny flatly, Eg. 524; ek vil þó eigi þvert taka ( I will not insist on it) ef þér er lítið um, Nj. 26; var þat af þveru frá glíkendum, Bs. i. 347; setja þvert nei fyrir, to refuse, deny flatly, Ld. 196; hann kvaðsk ekki þverr vera í því at selja skipit, Nj. 259; biskup flutti ákafliga en Þórðr var inn þverasti, Sturl. iii. 17; var Þórgils þá svá þverr, at hann sagði svá, at …, 229; hvárr-tveggi var inn þverasti ok hvárrgi vildi til láta við annan, Bs. i. 760: þvert á móti, as adverb, quite the contrary (Dan. tværtimod), 687.III. þvers, adv. across, athwart; nú er þar þvers á móti gört, Bs. i. 740; hann snýr þvers af leiðinni, Nj. 132; hann snýr þvers á braut í skóginn, Edda 30; vísaði hann ollurn þvers frá því sem þau vóru, Fms. i. 72; hljóp hann þá þvers á brott at fela sik, vi. 303; þá víkja þeir þvers út eptir firðinum, ix. 43; sneri þvers annan veg frá liðinu, vii. 56; höfðu þeir þvers farit frá því sem þeir skyldu, viii. 56; þvers í mót yðvarri hugsan, Fb. i. 513: superl. þverst, ef þér kœmið í þverst þvari (see þvari), Hkv. Hjörv. 18 (Bugge, not þverz). þvers-um, adv. across.B. COMPDS: þverá, Þverá, Þverárhlíð, þverbak, þverbrestr, þverbrot, þverfell, þverfeta, þverfingr, þverfjörðr, þvergarðr, þvergyrðingr, Þverhlíðingr, þverhníptr, þvergniptr, þverhöggt, þverhönd, þverknýta, þverkominn, þverkyrfa, þverlyndi, þverlyndr, þvermóðska, þverneita, þverpallr, þversigling, þverskallast, þverskeytingr, þverskipa, þverskurðr, þverslag, þverslá, þverstigr, þverstræti, þversyll, þversök, þvertaka, þvertré, þverúð, þvervegr, þverþili, Þveræingr. -
85 bruna
(að), v. to advance with great speed, to rush (bruna fram).* * *að, to advance with the speed of fire; b. fram, of a standard in the heat of battle, Mag. 2: of ships advancing under full sail, Fins, viii. 131, 188: freq. in mod. usage, Helius rann upp af því fagra vatni, og brunaði fram á það eirsterka himinhvolf, Od. iii. 1. Bb. 3. 18. -
86 hlaða
I)(hleð; hlóð, hlóðum; hlaðinn), v.1) to pile up (h. korni í hjálma); h. grjóti (hellum) at höfði oðrum, to be present at another’s burial, to survive;2) to build, with acc. (h. vegg, vörðu);3) to load, esp. lade a ship (h. skip e-u, af e-u, með e-u); kistur hlaðnar af gulli, chests laden with gold;4) to fell, lay prostrate, with dat. (gátu þeir hlaðit honum um síðir ok bundu hann); h. seglum, to take in sail;5) to slay (bera vápn á Finnana ok fá hlaðit þeim);6) refl., hlaðast at, to throng, crowd; vér viljum eigi, at fjölmenni hlaðist at ( throng to see), er vér erum afklæddir; hlaðast á mara bóga, to mount the horses.f. store-house, barn.* * *u, f. [Old Engl. lathe in Chaucer, still used in North. E.; Dan. lade]:—a store-house, barn (also, hey-h., bygg-h., korn-h.), Eg. 235, Grág. ii. 286, Dropl. 18, Eb. 190, 318, Rm. 19, Rd. 284, 285, Glúm. 357, Ó. H. 30, Sturl. i. 95; hlöðu dyrr, Grett. 112, Ísl. ii. 69; hlöðu-kálfr, for the pun see Glúm. 359; hlöðu vindauga, Sturl. ii. 43; bók-hlaða, a library, (mod.) -
87 SEIL
f. string, line; koma á s. e-m, to be carried along by one.* * *f. [a Goth. form sail is assumed from sailjan = χαλαν, Mark ii. 4; A. S. sæl; Germ. seil]:—a string, line, esp. in Icel. used of a line on which fishermen string their catch of fish and trail them behind the boat; the word is rare in old writers, koma á seil e-m, to be carried along by one, Þd. 9; rás seil, Merl. 2. 12; seil grundar, ‘earth-thong,’ a snake, Lex. Poët.; seilar sól, a shield; þrym-seil, id. -
88 ÞAULAR
f. pl. complicated state of things; mæla sik í þaular, to talk oneself into troubles.* * *f. pl. [the etymology and exact sense of this word is not certain, perh. akin to þylja, referring to a lost strong pret. þaul, þulu]:—a long-winded and complex thing; it is, however, only used in metaph. phrases; svá lízk mér sem mínir menn muni hafa mælt sik í þaular um þetta mál meirr enn þú, would have talked themselves into troubles, Fb. i. 348; rekum af oss tjöldin, róum út ór þessum þaular-vági, reisum viðu ok siglum norðr undan, let us row out of this winding creek, hoist sail and stand out northwards! Fms. viii. 130: the mod. phrase, læra, lesa í þaula = læra í belg, to learn, read by rote; as also, þaul-lesinn, adj.; hann er þaullesinn, one who has read a thing through and through, got through a weary task: þaul-reið, f. a riding steadily on like a log, plodding wearily on: þaul-sætinn, adj. sitting log-like without stirring. -
89 ÞRÁÐR
(gen. þráðar; pl. þræðir, acc. þráðu; nom. and acc. also þræðr), m. thread.* * *m., gen. þráðar, dat. þræði, pl. þræðir, þræðr, Sks. l. c., Pr. 411; acc. þráðu: [A. S. þræd; Engl. thread; Germ. draht; Dutch draad; Dan. traad: the root verb is in A. S. þrawan; O. H. G. drabjan; Engl. throw in throwster; Germ. drehen; Lat. torquere]:—a thread, end; rauðr þráðr, Fms. v. 319; landit skalf sem á þræði léki, Fas. i. 424; var þráðr bundinn við sporðinn, Fms. vi. 296; öðrum þræði batt hann fyrir framan …, Bs. i. 644; nál ok þræðr, Pr. 411; þráðrinn, Rb. 472; hör-þráðr, silki-þráðr, Bs. i. 644, O. H. L. 73; örlags-þráðuna, Al. 79; þráðar-endi, a thread’s end; þráðar-spotti.2. naut. term, the brails of a sail (?); nálar margar ok ærna þræðr eða sviptingar, Sks. 30 B; þráða-riða; eyrir við líksíma hvert, eyri fyrir þráða-riðu hverja, eyri fyrir hanka hvern, N. G. L. i. 101. -
90 dœgr
n.1) one half of the astron. Day, twelve hours of the day or night (í degi dœgr tvau, í dœgri stundir tólf; tuttugu ok fjórar stundir skulu vera í tveimr dœgrum);2) an astronomical day; twenty-four hours; sjau dœgra sigling, a sail of seven days (between Norway and Iceland). -
91 ása
að, a mod. sea term, to move the yard of a sail. -
92 GEISA
* * *(að), v. to rage, be furious; þeirra ofsi geisar hátt, their insolence runs high.* * *að, [Ulf. gaisjan or usgaisjan means to be alarmed, astonished; mid. Germ. gise and Swed. gäsa = to ferment; cp. Engl. yeast]:—to chafe, rage, of fire, Vsp. 57; láta gráðugan loga geisa, Mar. 530; hón (an excited lady) geisaði mjök, Nj. 57; látum Gamminn geisa, of a ship under sail, 135 (in a ditty); þeirra ofsi geisar hátt, their insolence runs high, Edda 146 (pref.); hversu sunnarlega geisar ríki föður þíns, Bær. 13; ofarr lét Grettir g. saxit í fyrra, Grett. 99 new Ed. Cod. Ups.II. to be panic-stricken, a notion which only appears in the word geiski: cp. geysask. -
93 hand-rif
n. [cp. handsyfte, Ivar Aasen], ‘hand-reefing,’ a naut. term, in the phrase, svipta h., to reef a sail; síga skyldi láta seglin, ok heldr seint, en svipta af handrifi, Ó. H. 182, (svipta af neðan handrifi, Fms. iii. 44.) -
94 HANKI
* * * -
95 há-segl
n. the ‘high-sail,’ mainsail, Fas. ii. 494, Hkv. I. 29. -
96 heflan
f. a hauling in the clews and bunts of a sail, N. G. L. i. 282, v. l. -
97 KALA
(kell, kól, kalinn), v. impers., mik kell, I freeze, become frost-bitten (kalinn á fótum); e-n kell í hel, one freezes to death.* * *pret. kól, kólu; pres. kell, mod. kelr; part. kalinn: [cp. Engl. chill, cool; Germ. kühl]:—to freeze, esp. impers. of limbs to be numb and dead from frost; ok er sveininn (acc.) tók at kala, Landn. 77, v. l.; ok kól hana í hel, she froze to death, Sd. 143; svá at þik kali, Fas. i. 30; alla kól þá um nóttina, 78; kell mik í höfuð, Vkv. 29; mik tekr nú at kala, en mér var heitt fyrir stundu, Fb. ii. 112; var bæði at hann kól mjök ok hungraði, en veiddi ekki, Bs. i. 350; hann var kalinn á fótum svá at af leysti sumar tærnar, Orkn. 432, Sturl. iii. 198; hann kól sem aðra hundtík, Fs. 71; ok mun þik kala ef ek sit svá lengi ok útarliga sem ek em vanr, Edda 35; dýrit var kalit á fyrra fæti, Fs. 179; kalit í hel, frozen to death, Fær. 185; sveinar tveir, veslingar, kalnir ok máttdregnir, 42; á kné kalinn, Hm. 3; kalinn ok klæðlauss, Fas. iii. 8; klæða kalna, O. H. L. 22:—part. kalinn [= Germ. kahl], of a field barren from cold or frost.II. naut., of a sail, to lose the wind; seglið (acc.) kelr, whence kalreip, q. v. -
98 kal-reip
n. [kala II], a rope attached to a sail, so as to prevent it from shaking out the wind. -
99 lauf-segl
n. a leaf-shaped sail; in the phrase, sigla með laufsegli at e-m, to deal leniently with a person, Eb. 96, Fas. i. 7. -
100 rá-benda
d, to ‘bend a sail,’ make it fast to the yard, cp. Eg. 579. rá-bundinn, part. ‘yard-bound,’ an epithet of a ship, Korm. (in a verse).
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