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81 amistoso
adj.friendly, cordial, affable, amicable.* * *► adjetivo1 friendly* * *1.ADJ (=amigable) friendly, amicable; (Dep) friendly; (Inform) user-friendly2.SM (Dep) friendly, friendly game* * ** * *= friendly [friendlier -comp., friendliest -sup.], amicable, chummy [chummier -comp., chummiest -sup.].Ex. Her face broke into a warm friendly smile.Ex. Feaver mentioned that she and Claverhouse frequently engage in some real 'donnybrooks,' as she put it, which invariably include a lot of amicable bantering, whenever they discuss anything.Ex. Within that chummy, insular world of imperial elites, Senator Jaguaribe recoiled in horror at the prospect of a permanent pauper class supported by public funds.----* amistoso = friendly match.* partido amistoso = friendly match.* poco amistoso = off-putting, unfriendly.* * ** * *= friendly [friendlier -comp., friendliest -sup.], amicable, chummy [chummier -comp., chummiest -sup.].Ex: Her face broke into a warm friendly smile.
Ex: Feaver mentioned that she and Claverhouse frequently engage in some real 'donnybrooks,' as she put it, which invariably include a lot of amicable bantering, whenever they discuss anything.Ex: Within that chummy, insular world of imperial elites, Senator Jaguaribe recoiled in horror at the prospect of a permanent pauper class supported by public funds.* amistoso = friendly match.* partido amistoso = friendly match.* poco amistoso = off-putting, unfriendly.* * *amistoso -sa1 ‹consejo/palmadita/charla› friendly2 ‹partido/torneo› friendly ( before n)* * *
amistoso◊ -sa adjetivo ‹consejo/palmadita/charla› friendly;
‹ partido› friendly ( before n)
amistoso,-a adjetivo friendly
' amistoso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amistosa
- cordial
- palmada
- partido
English:
amicable
- friendly
- unfriendly
* * *amistoso, -a♦ adjfriendly;Depun partido amistoso a friendly♦ nmDep friendly* * *I adj friendly;partido amistoso DEP friendly (game)II m DEP friendly* * *amistoso, -sa adj: friendly♦ amistosamente adv* * * -
82 Cour des Comptes
Accounts court, or Public Auditor's Office. The mission of the Cour des Comptes is to audit the accounts of public bodies, notably the accounts of the state, of the Social Security system, and private bodies using public funds. The Cour des Comptes is independent of the government. In the regions, public accounts - for instance those of Departments or Universities - are audited by the Chambre Régional des Comptes.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Cour des Comptes
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83 unterschlagen
unterschlagen v 1. FIN misappropriate; 2. GEN embezzle (Gelder); 3. RECHT embezzle* * *v 1. < Finanz> misappropriate; 2. < Geschäft> Gelder embezzle; 3. < Recht> embezzle* * *unterschlagen
to embezzle, to defalcate, to misappropriate, to defraud, to peculate;
• Gelder unterschlagen to misapply funds;
• öffentliche Gelder unterschlagen to misappropriate public funds;
• Mündelgelder unterschlagen to embezzle the funds of a ward;
• 10.000 Pfund unterschlagen to make defalcations to the extent of L 10,000;
• Testament unterschlagen to suppress a will. -
84 algemeen
algemeen1〈 het〉1 [het geheel van een zaak/voorstelling] 〈zie voorbeelden 1〉2 [de mensen] general public♦voorbeelden:1 in het algemeen hebt u gelijk • broadly speaking, you're rightzij zijn in het algemeen betrouwbaar • they are mostly reliablein/over het algemeen • by and large, in general————————algemeen21 [publiek, gemeenschappelijk] public, general ⇒ common2 [voor alle gevallen geldig] general, universal3 [het geheel betreffend] general5 [alledaags, veel voorkomend] common♦voorbeelden:Algemeen Beschaafd Nederlands • Standard Dutchvoor algemeen gebruik • for general usemet algemene instemming • by common consentalgemeen kies-, stemrecht • universal suffragealgemene middelen • public fundsde algemene overtuiging, het algemeen gevoelen • the consensusmet algemene stemmen • unanimouslyop algemeen verzoek • by popular demandhet is algemeen bekend • it is common knowledgeeen algemeen aanvaard feit • a generally accepted factalgemeen beschouwd worden als • be (publicly) known asde Algemene Beschouwingen (over de begroting) • the Budget Debatealgemene onkosten • overheadsalgemene ontwikkeling • general knowledgeeen algemeen overzicht • a general surveyin algemene zin • in a general sensezich te algemeen uitdrukken • make sweeping statements -
85 fund
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86 staatlich
staatlich I adj (staatl.) GEN governmental, national, nat. • staatliche Ansprüche erlassen STEUER grant administrative relief • unter staatlicher Aufsicht ADMIN government-controlled staatlich II adv GEN, POL by the state, sovereign • staatlich finanziert FIN government-financed • staatlich gefördert FIN government-supported, government-sponsored • staatlich gelenkt POL government-regulated • staatlich unterstützt FIN government-backed* * *adj (staatl.) < Geschäft> governmental, national (nat.) ■ mit staatlicher Hilfe <Pol, Vw> state-aided ■ staatliche Ansprüche erlassen < Steuer> grant administrative relief ■ unter staatlicher Aufsicht < Verwalt> government-controlledadv <Geschäft, Pol> by the state, sovereign ■ staatlich finanziert < Finanz> government-financed ■ staatlich gefördert < Finanz> government-supported, government-sponsored ■ staatlich gelenkt < Pol> government-regulated ■ staatlich unterstützt < Finanz> government-backed* * *staatlich
national, governmental, public;
• staatlich anerkannt state-registered, certificated;
• staatlich besteuert state-taxed;
• staatlich finanziert state-paid, bounty-fed;
• staatlich gefördert government-sponsored;
• staatlich unterstützt state- (bounty-) fed;
• staatlich subventioniert sein to be subsidized by the state;
• staatliche Aktiengesellschaft state (government) corporation (US);
• unter staatlicher Aufsicht state-controlled;
• staatlicher Ausbildungsvertrag government training contract;
• staatliche Ausfuhrversicherung government export credit insurance;
• staatliches Ausschreibungsverfahren government bidding process;
• staatlich konzessionierte Bank state bank;
• staatliche Beihilfe state aid, subsidy, subvention, state grant;
• staatliches Beschaffungswesen government procurement;
• staatliche Beteiligung government participation;
• staatliche Bewirtschaftung governmental (state) planning;
• staatlicher Dirigismus planned economy;
• in staatlicher Eigenschaft in its governmental capacity;
• staatlicher Eingriff state interference;
• staatliche Einkaufsgesellschaft state-buying organization;
• staatliche Einrichtungen state facilities;
• staatliche Finanzierung government spending;
• staatliche Förderungsmaßnahmen government promotion;
• staatliche Fürsorge national (Br.) (public, US) assistance;
• staatliches Gehalt government salary;
• staatliche Gehaltsliste state payroll;
• staatliche Gesellschaft government company (corporation, US);
• staatlicher Gesundheitsdienst National Health Service (Br.);
• staatlicher Grundbesitz crown (Br.) (state, US) lands;
• staatliche Handelsgesellschaft state-trading company;
• mit staatlicher Hilfe state-aided;
• staatlicher Hoheitsakt act of state;
• staatliche Intervention state intervention;
• staatliche Kontrolle government (state) control;
• staatliche Kreditaufnahme government borrowing;
• staatliche Kredithilfe government financial credit;
• staatliche Kreditmittel state loans;
• staatliche Mittel public funds (Br.);
• staatliche Neuverschuldung new public debt (US);
• staatlicher Personalaufwand government payrolls;
• staatliche Planungsbehörde state-planning agency;
• staatliche Preisüberwachung price control (administration, US);
• staatlicher Rechnungsprüfer state auditor;
• staatliche Rente government annuity;
• staatliche Richtlinien government guidelines (directives);
• staatlicher Schlichter government mediator;
• staatliche Schlichtungsstelle government conciliation board;
• staatliche Stelle government agency;
• staatlich geprüfter Übersetzer certified translator;
• staatliches Unternehmen government-owned enterprise, government corporation;
• staatliche Unterstützung state subsidy (aid, US), government assistance (support);
• staatliches Unterstützungsprogramm state-aid program(me);
• staatliche Wirtschaftslenkung government economic manipulation, planned economy;
• staatlich geförderter Wohnungsbau federally financed low-cost housing (US);
• staatliche Zuschüsse governmental grants (subsidy), grants-in-aids (US). -
87 averiguar
v.1 to find out.2 to quarrel, to argue.* * *(unstressed u; gu changes to gü before e)Past Indicativeaverigüé, averiguaste, averiguó, averiguamos, averiguasteis, averiguaron.Present SubjunctiveImperative* * *verb* * *1.VT to find out, establish frmnunca averiguaron quién era el asesino — they never found out o frm established o discovered who the killer was
ya han averiguado la identidad del padre — they have found out o frm established o discovered the identity of the father
averiguar las causas de un problema — to find out o frm establish the causes of a problem
un estudio para averiguar el alcance de la tragedia — a study to find out o frm establish the extent of the tragedy
han averiguado que el presidente malversaba fondos — it has been established o discovered that the president was embezzling funds
-¿quién ha roto el vaso? -¡averigua! — "who broke the glass?" - "who knows!"
2.3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo to find out2.averigua a qué hora sale el tren — find out o check what time the train leaves
averiguar vi (Méx) to quarrel, argueaveriguárselas — (Méx)
averiguárselas con alguien — (Méx) to deal with somebody
* * *= ascertain, find out, uncover, come to + light, puzzle out, figure out, lay + hands on, check into, check up on, keep + tabs on, get + a sense of, make + enquiry, gain + a sense of, tease apart, ferret out, suss (out).Ex. If no edition or imprint date can be ascertained, then an attempt is made to provide a date from amongst any other dates given on the work, such as copyright dates, and reprint dates.Ex. For example, a person can consult the system holdings files to find out whether a library in the network owns a copy of the document.Ex. It requires an extraordinarily astute librarian to uncover this shortcoming at the interview stage.Ex. A further disquieting feature which came to light was the number of people who did not approach staff for help.Ex. It is certainly easier to ask for the trusted opinion of a relative or friend than to try and puzzle out where other sources of answers might be found.Ex. It turns out that the public, the students, have figured out that that's a way of doing some kind of subject searching, and they do it all the time.Ex. It is, therefore, expedient to look into history to lay hands on the root of the problem.Ex. You might want to check into local firms that do that sort of work.Ex. The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex. The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex. Jones (1997) examined several young adult Web pages to get a sense of the quantity and quality of teen Web pages in libraries around the country.Ex. The author discusses the general tendency noted for more girls than boys to make enquiries at the library.Ex. The best way of gaining some sense of what life used to be like is through the literature of the time.Ex. The author and his colleagues embarked on a series of studies to tease apart hereditary and environmental factors thought to be implicated in schizophrenia.Ex. As a rule analysts are left on their own to ferret out useful and appropriate areas to be investigated.Ex. He was incredulous when he sussed that the noises came from bona-fide gibbons.----* acción de averiguar y resolver problemas = troubleshooting [trouble shooting].* averiguar cómo = figure out how.* averiguar el límite de Algo = plumb + the depths of.* averiguar el precio = cost.* averiguar la verdad = discern + the truth.* averiguar lo que ocurre alrededor = put + Posesivo + ear to the ground.* averiguárselas = manage to, get by.* averiguar un problema = investigate + problem.* persona que intenta averiguar y resolver problemas = troubleshooter.* * *1.verbo transitivo to find out2.averigua a qué hora sale el tren — find out o check what time the train leaves
averiguar vi (Méx) to quarrel, argueaveriguárselas — (Méx)
averiguárselas con alguien — (Méx) to deal with somebody
* * *= ascertain, find out, uncover, come to + light, puzzle out, figure out, lay + hands on, check into, check up on, keep + tabs on, get + a sense of, make + enquiry, gain + a sense of, tease apart, ferret out, suss (out).Ex: If no edition or imprint date can be ascertained, then an attempt is made to provide a date from amongst any other dates given on the work, such as copyright dates, and reprint dates.
Ex: For example, a person can consult the system holdings files to find out whether a library in the network owns a copy of the document.Ex: It requires an extraordinarily astute librarian to uncover this shortcoming at the interview stage.Ex: A further disquieting feature which came to light was the number of people who did not approach staff for help.Ex: It is certainly easier to ask for the trusted opinion of a relative or friend than to try and puzzle out where other sources of answers might be found.Ex: It turns out that the public, the students, have figured out that that's a way of doing some kind of subject searching, and they do it all the time.Ex: It is, therefore, expedient to look into history to lay hands on the root of the problem.Ex: You might want to check into local firms that do that sort of work.Ex: The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex: The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex: Jones (1997) examined several young adult Web pages to get a sense of the quantity and quality of teen Web pages in libraries around the country.Ex: The author discusses the general tendency noted for more girls than boys to make enquiries at the library.Ex: The best way of gaining some sense of what life used to be like is through the literature of the time.Ex: The author and his colleagues embarked on a series of studies to tease apart hereditary and environmental factors thought to be implicated in schizophrenia.Ex: As a rule analysts are left on their own to ferret out useful and appropriate areas to be investigated.Ex: He was incredulous when he sussed that the noises came from bona-fide gibbons.* acción de averiguar y resolver problemas = troubleshooting [trouble shooting].* averiguar cómo = figure out how.* averiguar el límite de Algo = plumb + the depths of.* averiguar el precio = cost.* averiguar la verdad = discern + the truth.* averiguar lo que ocurre alrededor = put + Posesivo + ear to the ground.* averiguárselas = manage to, get by.* averiguar un problema = investigate + problem.* persona que intenta averiguar y resolver problemas = troubleshooter.* * *vtto find outse trata de averiguar el motivo de esta tragedia the aim is to establish the cause of o to find out what caused this tragedyno pudieron averiguar su paradero they couldn't find out where he was, they were unable to ascertain his whereabouts ( frml)averigua a qué hora sale el tren find out o check what time the train leaves■ averiguarvi( Méx) to quarrel, argueaveriguárselas ( Méx): me las averiguaré para conseguir el dinero I'll manage to get the money somehowaveriguárselas con algn ( Méx); to deal with sb* * *
Multiple Entries:
averiguar
averiguar algo
averiguar ( conjugate averiguar) verbo transitivo
to find out
verbo intransitivo (Méx) to quarrel, argue;◊ averiguárselas (Méx) to manage
averiguar verbo transitivo to ascertain
' averiguar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ver
- descubrir
- enterarse
English:
ascertain
- check up on
- find out
- trace back
- find
* * *♦ vt[indagar] to find out♦ viCAm, Méx [discutir] to argue, to quarrel* * *I v/t find out* * *averiguar {10} vt1) : to find out, to ascertain2) : to investigate* * * -
88 bienestar público
• common weal• general weal• policy of the law• public funds• public good• public goods• public verdict• public warehouse• public weal• public welfare• public works -
89 Economy
Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging. -
90 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 11 June 1910 Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France[br]French marine explorer who invented the aqualung.[br]He was the son of a country lawyer who became legal advisor and travelling companion to certain rich Americans. At an early age Cousteau acquired a love of travel, of the sea and of cinematography: he made his first film at the age of 13. After an interrupted education he nevertheless passed the difficult entrance examination to the Ecole Navale in Brest, but his naval career was cut short in 1936 by injuries received in a serious motor accident. For his long recuperation he was drafted to Toulon. There he met Philippe Tailliez, a fellow naval officer, and Frédéric Dumas, a champion spearfisher, with whom he formed a long association and began to develop his underwater swimming and photography. He apparently took little part in the Second World War, but under cover he applied his photographic skills to espionage, for which he was awarded the Légion d'honneur after the war.Cousteau sought greater freedom of movement underwater and, with Emile Gagnan, who worked in the laboratory of Air Liquide, he began experimenting to improve portable underwater breathing apparatus. As a result, in 1943 they invented the aqualung. Its simple design and robust construction provided a reliable and low-cost unit and revolutionized scientific and recreational diving. Gagnan shunned publicity, but Cousteau revelled in the new freedom to explore and photograph underwater and exploited the publicity potential to the full.The Undersea Research Group was set up by the French Navy in 1944 and, based in Toulon, it provided Cousteau with the Opportunity to develop underwater exploration and filming techniques and equipment. Its first aims were minesweeping and exploration, but in 1948 Cousteau pioneered an extension to marine archaeology. In 1950 he raised the funds to acquire a surplus US-built minesweeper, which he fitted out to further his quest for exploration and adventure and named Calypso. Cousteau also sought and achieved public acclaim with the publication in 1953 of The Silent World, an account of his submarine observations, illustrated by his own brilliant photography. The book was an immediate success and was translated into twenty-two languages. In 1955 Calypso sailed through the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean, and the outcome was a film bearing the same title as the book: it won an Oscar and the Palme d'Or at the Cannes film festival. This was his favoured medium for the expression of his ideas and observations, and a stream of films on the same theme kept his name before the public.Cousteau's fame earned him appointment by Prince Rainier as Director of the Oceanographie Institute in Monaco in 1957, a post he held until 1988. With its museum and research centre, it offered Cousteau a useful base for his worldwide activities.In the 1980s Cousteau turned again to technological development. Like others before him, he was concerned to reduce ships' fuel consumption by harnessing wind power. True to form, he raised grants from various sources to fund research and enlisted technical help, namely Lucien Malavard, Professor of Aerodynamics at the Sorbonne. Malavard designed a 44 ft (13.4 m) high non-rotating cylinder, which was fitted onto a catamaran hull, christened Moulin à vent. It was intended that its maiden Atlantic crossing in 1983 should herald a new age in ship propulsion, with large royalties to Cousteau. Unfortunately the vessel was damaged in a storm and limped to the USA under diesel power. A more robust vessel, the Alcyone, was fitted with two "Turbosails" in 1985 and proved successful, with a 40 per cent reduction in fuel consumption. However, oil prices fell, removing the incentive to fit the new device; the lucrative sales did not materialize and Alcyone remained the only vessel with Turbosails, sharing with Calypso Cousteau's voyages of adventure and exploration. In September 1995, Cousteau was among the critics of the decision by the French President Jacques Chirac to resume testing of nuclear explosive devices under the Mururoa atoll in the South Pacific.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLégion d'honneur. Croix de Guerre with Palm. Officier du Mérite Maritime and numerous scientific and artistic awards listed in such directories as Who's Who.Bibliography1953, The Silent World.1972, The Ocean World of Jacques Cousteau, 21 vols.Further ReadingR.Munson, 1991, Cousteau, the Captain and His World, London: Robert Hale (published in the USA 1989).LRD -
91 cerrado
adj.closed, locked, shut, not open.past part.past participle of spanish verb: cerrar.* * *1→ link=cerrar cerrar► adjetivo1 shut, closed2 LINGÚÍSTICA close, closed3 (acento) broad, thick4 (curva) tight, sharp5 (ovación) thunderous6 (barba) bushy, thick9 figurado (persona introvertida) uncommunicative, reserved10 figurado (intransigente) intransigent, unyielding\a ojos cerrados figurado with one's eyes closedser cerrado,-a de mollera familiar to be pig-headed* * *(f. - cerrada)adj.1) closed, shut2) thick3) reserved* * *ADJ1) (=no abierto) [puerta, ventana, boca] closed; [puño] clenched; [curva] sharp, tight"cerrado por vacaciones" — "closed for holidays", "closed for vacation" (EEUU)
puerta 3)¿está el grifo bien cerrado? — is the tap turned off properly?
2) (=apretado) [barba] thick, full; [bosque] dense, thick; [ambiente, atmósfera] stuffydescarga 3)el candidato fue recibido con una cerrada ovación — the presidential candidate was given a rapturous welcome
3) [cielo] cloudy, overcast; [noche] dark, black4) (Ling) [acento] broad, strong; [vocal] closedtiene un acento muy cerrado — she has a very broad o strong accent
hablaba con cerrado acento gallego — he spoke with a broad o strong o thick Galician accent
5) [persona]a) (=intransigente)c) (=reservado) reserved6) (Com) [precio] fixed* * *- da adjetivo1)a) <puerta/ventana/ojos/boca> closed, shut; <mejillones/almejas> closed; <sobre/carta> sealed; < puño> clenched; < cortinas> drawn, closed2) <tienda/restaurante/museo> closed, shutcerrado por defunción/reformas — closed owing to bereavement/for alterations
3)a) <espacio/recinto> enclosedc) < grupo> closedd) (Mat) <serie/conjunto> closed4) (Ling) < vocal> close, closed; <acento/dialecto> broad5) < curva> sharp6) ( nublado) overcast; ( referiéndose a la noche)7) < barba> thick8) ( enérgico)9)a) (poco receptivo, intransigente) set in one's waysestar cerrado a algo: está cerrado a todo cambio his mind is closed to change; el país ha estado cerrado a influencias externas — the country has been shut off from outside influence
b) ( poco comunicativo) uncommunicativec) (fam) ( torpe) dense (colloq), thick (colloq)10) (Esp) (Fin)apartamentos de lujo, precio cerrado — apartments, price guaranteed
* * *- da adjetivo1)a) <puerta/ventana/ojos/boca> closed, shut; <mejillones/almejas> closed; <sobre/carta> sealed; < puño> clenched; < cortinas> drawn, closed2) <tienda/restaurante/museo> closed, shutcerrado por defunción/reformas — closed owing to bereavement/for alterations
3)a) <espacio/recinto> enclosedc) < grupo> closedd) (Mat) <serie/conjunto> closed4) (Ling) < vocal> close, closed; <acento/dialecto> broad5) < curva> sharp6) ( nublado) overcast; ( referiéndose a la noche)7) < barba> thick8) ( enérgico)9)a) (poco receptivo, intransigente) set in one's waysestar cerrado a algo: está cerrado a todo cambio his mind is closed to change; el país ha estado cerrado a influencias externas — the country has been shut off from outside influence
b) ( poco comunicativo) uncommunicativec) (fam) ( torpe) dense (colloq), thick (colloq)10) (Esp) (Fin)apartamentos de lujo, precio cerrado — apartments, price guaranteed
* * *cerrado1= closed, static, enclosed, bolt-on.Ex: In order to be able to calculate due dates, DOBIS/LIBIS must know what days the library is open so that it does not make a book due on a closed day.
Ex: The list or thesaurus cannot be static.Ex: Book clubs need not be enclosed, much less ingrown = Los clubs de lectores no deben ser cerrados y cuanto mucho menos conservadores.Ex: These may be perceived as unimportant ' bolt-on' courses about irrelevant systems.* aprobar con los ojos cerrados = sail through + exam.* a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.* con olor a cerrado = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].* curva muy cerrada = hairpin bend, hairpin curve, hairpin turn.* en circuito cerrado = looped.* en lugares cerrados = indoors.* espacio cerrado = closed space.* formando un circuito cerrado = looped.* mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.* pregunta cerrada = closed-ended question.* puño cerrado = clenched fist.* recinto cerrado = walled garden.cerrado22 = cliquish, insular, cliquey [cliquy].Ex: Book clubs do not have to be cliquish, pretentious, stuffily self-inflated, or bolt-holes for ethereal literary spirits.
Ex: Within that chummy, insular world of imperial elites, Senator Jaguaribe recoiled in horror at the prospect of a permanent pauper class supported by public funds.Ex: She worked at a local clothing company for a while and found the other staff and managers to all be very cliquey, bitchy and rather shallow.* círculo cerrado de gente = clique.* coto cerrado = closed shop.cerrado33 = bushy [bushier -comp., bushiest -sup.].Ex: Whether short and thin or long and bushy, applying a fake mustache is often the best solution to create the look of a character.
* * *cerrado -daA1 ‹puerta/ventana› closed, shut; ‹ojos/boca› closed, shut; ‹mejillones/almejas› closedla puerta estaba cerrada con llave the door was lockedtenía los ojos cerrados she had her eyes closed o shutel frasco no está bien cerrado the top ( o lid etc) isn't on properly, the jar isn't closed properlyun sobre cerrado a sealed envelopelas cortinas estaban cerradas the curtains were drawn o closednormalmente tenemos la mesa cerrada we usually keep the table closed/down2 ‹válvula› closed, shut offlos grifos están cerrados the taps are turned offB ‹tienda/restaurante/museo› closed, shut[ S ] cerrado closed[ S ] cerrado por defunción/reformas closed owing to bereavement/for alterationsC1 (confinado, limitado) ‹espacio/recinto› enclosed2 (cargado) ‹ambiente› stuffy3 ‹grupo›un círculo de amigos muy cerrado a very closed circle of friendsun club de ambiente cerrado y snob a club with a very exclusive and snobbish atmosphereD ( Ling)1 ‹vocal› close, closed2 ‹acento/dialecto› broadtiene un acento andaluz cerrado he has a broad o thick Andalusian accentE ‹curva› sharpF1 (nublado) overcast2(referiéndose a la noche): ya era noche cerrada cuando salimos when we left it was already completely darkG ‹barba› thickH(enérgico): lo recibieron con una cerrada ovación he was given an ecstatic receptionmantienen una cerrada pugna por el título they are engaged in a fierce fight for the titleI ‹persona›1(poco receptivo, intransigente): son muy cerrados y no se adaptan a estas novedades they're very set in their ways and they won't adapt to these new ideasno lo vas a convencer, es muy cerrado you'll never persuade him, he's very stubborn o he's very set in his waysestar cerrado A algo:está cerrado a todo lo que signifique cambiar his mind is closed to o he's against anything that involves changeel país ha estado cerrado durante años a todo tipo de influencias externas the country has, for years, been shut off from all outside influence2 (poco comunicativo) uncommunicativees muy cerrado de mollera he's very dense ( colloq), he's as thick as two short planks ( BrE colloq)J* * *
Del verbo cerrar: ( conjugate cerrar)
cerrado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
cerrado
cerrar
cerrado◊ -da adjetivo
1
‹mejillones/almejas› closed;
‹sobre/carta› sealed;
‹ puño› clenched;
‹ cortinas› drawn, closed;
‹grifo/llave› turned off
2 ‹tienda/restaurante/museo› closed, shut
3 ‹espacio/recinto› enclosed;
‹ curva› sharp
4 ‹acento/dialecto› broad
5 ‹ persona› ( poco comunicativo) uncommunicative;
cerrado a influencias externas shut off from outside influence
cerrar ( conjugate cerrar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ojos/boca› to shut, close;
‹ frasco› to put the lid on;
‹ sobre› to seal
‹ libro› to close, shut;
‹ puño› to clench
‹ persianas› to lower, pull down;
‹ abrigo› to fasten, button up;
‹ cremallera› to do … up
‹ válvula› to close, shut off
2
( definitivamente) to close (down)
3
d) ‹acto/debate› to bring … to an end
verbo intransitivo
1 (hablando de puerta, ventana):
¿cerraste con llave? did you lock up?
2 [puerta/ventana/cajón] to close, shut
3 [comercio/oficina] ( en el quehacer diario) to close, shut;
( definitivamente) to close (down)
cerrarse verbo pronominal
1
2 ( refl) ‹ abrigo› to fasten, button up;
‹ cremallera› to do … up
3 [acto/debate/jornada] to end
cerrado,-a adjetivo
1 closed, shut
(recinto) enclosed ➣ Ver nota en cerrar
2 (intransigente) uncompromising, unyielding
(a las novedades, etc) narrow minded
3 (tímido) reserved
4 (un acento, una forma de hablar) broad
5 (curva) tight, sharp
6 (tupido) bushy
♦ Locuciones: a puerta cerrada, behind closed doors
cerrar
I verbo transitivo
1 to shut, close
(con llave) to lock
(un grifo abierto) to turn off
(el ordenador) to turn off, switch off
(subir una cremallera) to do up
(un sobre) to seal
(los puños) to clench
2 (un negocio temporalmente) to close
(definitivamente) to close down
3 (un trato, un acuerdo) to finalize
(liquidar una cuenta bancaria) to close
4 (un acceso, un servicio de transporte) to close
(bloquear) cerrarle el paso a alguien, to block sb's way
II verbo intransitivo
1 to close, shut
2 (un negocio temporalmente) to close
(definitivamente) to close down
♦ Locuciones: familiar cerrar el pico, to shut one's trap
' cerrado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agobiante
- cal
- cerrada
- concesión
- cuadriculada
- cuadriculado
- defunción
- herméticamente
- reforma
- cuadrado
- estacionamiento
- mollera
- televisión
- tufo
English:
cliquey
- closed
- hermetically
- musty
- secure
- sharp
- shut
- small-minded
- to
- broad
- enclose
- insular
- loop
- narrow
- repair
- small
- stock
- unlock
* * *cerrado, -a♦ participiover cerrar♦ adj1. [puerta, boca, tienda] closed, shut;[con llave, pestillo] locked; [puño] clenched; [sobre] closed;la botella no está bien cerrada the top of the bottle isn't on properly;en esta habitación huele a cerrado this room smells stuffy;la puerta estaba cerrada con llave the door was locked;cerrado por obras/vacaciones [en letrero] closed for alterations/holidays;cerrado los fines de semana [en letrero] closed at weekends2. [curva] sharp, tight3. [circuito] closed4. [aplauso, ovación] rapturous5. [lucha] bitter;una cerrada lucha por el liderazgo a bitter leadership struggle7. [acento, deje] broad, thick;habla con un acento gallego cerrado she speaks with a broad o thick Galician accent8. [mentalidad, sociedad] closed (a to);tiene una actitud muy cerrada she has a very closed mentality;es muy cerrado he's very narrow-minded;está cerrado al cambio he is not open to change9. [tiempo, cielo] overcast;la noche era cerrada it was a dark night10. [rodeado] surrounded;[por montañas] walled in;no se adaptan a espacios cerrados they aren't suited to living in confined spaces;una terraza cerrada a glazed balcony11. [vegetación, bosque] thick, dense;[barba] thick12. [poco claro, difícil] abstruse;su estilo es muy cerrado his style is very abstruse13. [introvertido, tímido] reserved;le cuesta hacer amigos porque es muy cerrado he finds making friends difficult because he's very reserved14. [estricto] strict;el colegio tiene criterios muy cerrados de admisión the school has very strict entrance requirements15. [torpe] dense, stupid;es un poco cerrado, hay que explicarle todo varias veces he's rather dense o stupid, you have to explain everything to him over and over again;Famser cerrado de mollera to be thick in the head16. [obstinado] obstinate, stubborn♦ nmfenced-in garden* * *adj1 closed;oler a cerrado smell stuffy2 persona narrow-minded3 ( tímido) introverted4 cielo overcast5 acento broad6:curva cerrada tight curve* * *cerrado, -da adj1) : closed, shut2) : thick, broadtiene un acento cerrado: she has a thick accent3) : cloudy, overcast4) : quiet, reserved5) : dense, stupid* * *cerrado adj1. (en general) closed / shut2. (con llave) locked3. (acento) broad4. (curva) sharp -
92 cour
cour [kuʀ]1. feminine nouna. [de bâtiment] courtyardb. ( = tribunal) courtc. [de roi] court2. compounds► cour d'appel ≈ Court of Appeal, ≈ appellate court (US)► cour d'assises ≈ court of assizes* * *kuʀ1) (de maison, bâtiment) courtyard; ( où l'on joue) playground; ( de ferme) yardla cour des grands — lit the older children's playground; fig the big league
2) ( de souverain) court; ( de personne en vue) entourage3) ( à une jeune fille) courtship4) Droit court‘messieurs, la cour’ — ‘all rise’
•Phrasal Verbs:••* * *kuʀ nf1) [ferme, jardin] yard, courtyard2) [immeuble] courtyard"Fenêtre sur Cour", d'Alfred Hitchcock — "Rear Window" by Alfred Hitchcock
"appartement sur cour, très calme et ensoleillé" — "apartment overlooking the courtyard, very quiet and sunny"
3) ÉDUCATIONcour de récréation — schoolyard, playground
4) DROIT court5) (royale) court6) (amoureuse)* * *cour nf1 (de maison, bâtiment) courtyard; ( où l'on joue) playground; ( de ferme) yard; la cour des grands lit the older children's playground; fig the big league; cour de ferme farmyard; sur cour overlooking the courtyard;2 ( de souverain) court; ( de personne en vue) entourage; cour d'Angleterre English court; cour royale/pontificale royal/papal court; habit de cour court dress; le roi et sa cour the king and his courtiers; être bien/mal en cour to be in/out of favourGB (auprès de with);3 ( à une jeune fille) courtship; faire la cour à to court; faire sa cour à lit, fig to pay court to;cour d'appel Jur court of appeal GB ou appeals US; cour d'arrivée arrivals area; cour d'assises Jur criminal court; cour de caserne barracks square; cour constitutionnelle Admin constitutional court; cour de départ departures area; cour d'école schoolyard; cour de gare station forecourt; cour d'honneur main courtyard; cour d'immeuble inner courtyard; cour intérieure inner courtyard; cour martiale Mil court-martial; passer en cour martiale to be court-martialled; faire passer qn en cour martiale to court-martial sb; cour des Miracles Hist area of a city frequented by beggars and thieves; fig den of thieves; cour de récréation playground; cour de renvoi court of appeal GB ou appeals US; Cour de cassation court of cassation; Cour des comptes national audit office; Cour européenne des droits de l'homme European Court of Human Rights; Cour européenne de justice European Court of Justice; Cour internationale de justice International Court of Justice; Cour de justice des communautés européennes = Cour européenne de justice; Cour suprême ( des États-Unis) Supreme Court; Cour de sûreté de l'État state security court.jouer dans la cour des grands to take on the big boys.[kur] nom féminin1. [d'immeuble] courtyardavec vue sur (la) cour looking onto the inside of the building ou onto the courtyard2. [d'un roi] courtêtre bien/mal en cour to be in/out of favour[tribunal]Cour des comptesthe French audit office, ≃ controller and auditor general (UK), ≃ General Accounting Office (US)5. (locution)faire la cour à quelqu'un to court somebody, to woo somebodyThis is the court which hears criminal cases. It is made up of a president, two assessors, and a jury of laymen. Normally the court meets every three months in each département.The highest court of civil and criminal appeal in France. The court has the power to overturn the decisions of lower courts when it believes the law has been misinterpreted. It does not rehear cases but simply analyses the way the law was applied.A state body that supervises the financial affairs of public bodies and local authorities, and monitors the way public funds are used. -
93 공채
n. public debt, debt of a country; public funds, money that belongs belongs to the government and is used for the good of the public -
94 благотворительный маркетинг
благотворительный маркетинг
Дополнительная деятельность маркетинг-партнера по сбору средств в поддержку Олимпийской организации. Собранные средства могут поступать от маркетинг-партнера, широкой общественности или из обоих источников. Подобная деятельность может включать:
• покупку населением премиального товара с перечислением вырученных средств в поддержку сборной команды России;
• выплату маркетинг-партнером денежной суммы ОКОИ, НОК, Олимпийской сборной команде России, НПК или Паралимпийской сборной команде России всякий раз, когда приобретается товар, предоставляемый маркетинг-партнером, используется услуга, оказываемая маркетинг-партнером, и т.д.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
cause-related marketing
Marketing partner’s incremental fund-raising activities aimed at supporting the Olympic organization. The funds raised can come from the marketing partner, the general public, or a combination of both. Activities may include:
• the purchase by the public of a premium item with the resultingrevenues going to support the Russian team;
• the marketing partner's contribution of a sum of money to the OCOG, NOC, Olympic Russian team, NPC or Paralympic Russian team each time the marketing partner's product is purchased or service is used; etc.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > благотворительный маркетинг
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95 Inanspruchnahme
Inanspruchnahme f 1. BANK drawdown; 2. SOZ take-up, recourse, claim on sth (Sozialleistungen); use (Nutzen); 3. COMP, KOMM, RECHT use of, acceptance of an offer to use* * *f 1. < Bank> drawdown; 2. < Sozial> Sozialleistungen take-up, recourse, claim on sth, Nutzen use; 3. <Comp, Komm, Recht> use of, acceptance of an offer to use* * *Inanspruchnahme
use, utilization;
• ohne Inanspruchnahme öffentlicher Mittel without recourse to public funds;
• finanzielle Inanspruchnahme financial drain;
• starke Inanspruchnahme drain;
• Inanspruchnahme von Abschreibungen claim to capital allowance;
• Inanspruchnahme eines Anwalts employment of a solictor (Br.), retaining a lawyer;
• Inanspruchnahme eines Autos für Geschäftszwecke use of a car for business;
• erhöhte Inanspruchnahme der Banken increased borrowings from the banks;
• Inanspruchnahme von Firmenmitteln für die Bedürfnisse leitender Angestellter use of company resources for the private gain of senior officials;
• Inanspruchnahme eines Fonds use of a fund;
• übermäßige Inanspruchnahme von Geldmitteln drain on financial resources;
• Inanspruchnahme des Gerichts resort to court;
• Inanspruchnahme von Hilfsmitteln drain on the resources;
• Inanspruchnahme ungenutzter Kapazitäten absorption of idle capacities;
• Inanspruchnahme des Kapitalmarktes recourse to the capital market;
• Inanspruchnahme eines Kredits availment of a credit [line], recourse to a credit, borrowing, using (utilization of a) credit;
• Inanspruchnahme der Landeszentralbankfazilitäten [etwa] member-bank borrowings (US);
• starke Inanspruchnahme der Mitarbeiter (des Personals) heavy demands on the staff;
• Inanspruchnahme des Mitbürgen benefit of division;
• Inanspruchnahme öffentlicher Mittel recourse to public money;
• Inanspruchnahme von Raum occupancy of space;
• Inanspruchnahme des Rentenmarktes tap of the gilt-edged market (Br.);
• Inanspruchnahme der Steuervergünstigung für Berufstätige claim for earned income relief (Br.). -
96 argent
argent [aʀʒɑ̃]1. masculine noun• il a de l'argent ( = il est riche) he's got money• jeter l'argent par les fenêtres to throw money down the drain (PROV) l'argent ne fait pas le bonheur money can't buy happinessb. ( = métal, couleur) silver2. compounds* * *aʀʒɑ̃nom masculin1) ( monnaie) money2) ( métal) silveren argent, d'argent — silver (épith)
•Phrasal Verbs:••prendre pour argent comptant — to take [something] at face value
* * *aʀʒɑ̃ nm1) (monnaie) moneyJe n'ai pas d'argent sur moi. — I don't have any money on me.
Je n'ai plus d'argent. — I don't have any more money., I have no money left.
Ils ont beaucoup d'argent. — They have a lot of money.
argent liquide — ready money, cash
2) (= métal) silver3) (= couleur) silver* * *1 ( monnaie) money; argent facile/frais/sale easy/ready/dirty money; argent public public funds (pl) ou money; déposer de l'argent à la banque to deposit money in the bank; retirer de l'argent à la banque to withdraw money from the bank; l'argent me fond dans les mains money just runs through my fingers; ça rapporte peu d'argent it doesn't bring in much money; faire de l'argent to make money; se faire de l'argent en vendant qch/par la spéculation/sur le dos des autres to make money by selling sth/through speculation/at the expense of others; dépenser son argent sans compter to spend one's money like water○; pour de l'argent for money; perdre son argent au jeu to gamble one's money away; en avoir/vouloir pour son argent to get/to want one's money's worth; parler d'argent to talk about money (matters); l'argent de la drogue drug money; ⇒ bonheur, fenêtre, odeur, serviteur;2 ( métal) silver; en argent [bracelet, couvert] silver ( épith); d'argent [fil, feuille] silver ( épith);3 Hérald argent.argent liquide cash; argent de poche pocket money.le temps c'est de l'argent time is money; prendre qch pour argent comptant to take sth at face value.[arʒɑ̃] nom masculin1. [métal] silver2. [monnaie] moneyavoir de l'argent to have money, to be wealthyaccepter ou prendre quelque chose pour argent comptant to take something at face valueargent liquide ready cash ou moneyen avoir pour son argent: tu en auras pour ton argent you'll get your money's worth, you'll get value for moneyjeter l'argent par les fenêtres to throw money down the drain, to squander money3. [couleur] silver colour4. HÉRALDIQUE argent————————[arʒɑ̃] adjectif invariable————————d'argent locution adjectivale1. [en métal] silver (modificateur)3. [pécuniaire] money (modificateur)4. [intéressé]homme/femme d'argent man/woman for whom money mattersen argent locution adjectivalesilver (modificateur) -
97 dotation
dɔtasjɔ̃1) ( somme allouée) allocation; ( matériel) endowment2) ( revenu de chef d'État) salary* * *dɔtasjɔ̃ nf(en équipement) allocation, (à un poste budgétaire) allocation* * *dotation nf1 Fin, Admin ( somme allouée) allocation; ( matériel) endowment; dotation de fonctionnement allocation for running costs; dotation en capital capital endowment;[dɔtasjɔ̃] nom féminin1. [fonds versés - à un particulier, une collectivité] endowment ; [ - à un service public] grant, funds3. [attribution - de matériel] equipmentla somme est réservée pour la dotation du service en ordinateurs the sum has been earmarked for providing ou equipping the department with computers -
98 Juppé, Alain
(born 1945)conservative politician, Foreign Minister 1993 - 1995, Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997, under President Jacques Chirac. In 2004 Juppé was convicted of mishandling public funds, and retired from public life. To the surprise of many, he nevertheless retained the confidence and support of many of his supporters and political stablemates, including Chirac, and in 2006 began a political comeback, being reelected as mayor of Bordeaux.. In 2007, he was briefly minister for the environment, but resigned from this job after failing to get reelected to parliament by voters in his Bordeaux constituency, a city of which he remains mayor. He returned to government in March 2011, recalled by Nicolas Sarkozy to replace Foreign Secretary Michèle Aliot Marie, who was ousted following revelations of her dealings with former but recently ousted North African leaders.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Juppé, Alain
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99 veruntreuen
veruntreuen v 1. FIN misappropriate, peculate; 2. RECHT defalcate, embezzle (öffentliche Gelder)* * *v 1. < Finanz> misappropriate, peculate; 2. < Recht> öffentliche Gelder defalcate, embezzle* * *veruntreuen
to embezzle, to peculate, to job;
• Gelder veruntreuen to defalcate;
• öffentliche Gelder veruntreuen to misapply public funds;
• Mündelgelder veruntreuen to embezzle the funds of a ward. -
100 quaestūra
quaestūra ae, f [QVAES-], the office of quaestor, quaestorship: quaestura primus gradus honoris: ex quaesturā consulatum petere, L.— The quaestor's chest, public funds: translator quaesturae.* * *quaestorship; public money
См. также в других словарях:
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