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41 fundamental
fundamental [‚fʌndəˈmentl][principle, right, question] fondamental• this is fundamental to the smooth running of the company c'est essentiel pour la bonne marche de l'entreprise• it is fundamental to our understanding of the problem c'est fondamental si nous voulons comprendre le problème━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━✎ fondamental is spelt with an o instead of a u.* * *[ˌfʌndə'mentl] 1.fundamentals plural noun2.the fundamentals — ( of abstract ideas) les fondements mpl (of de); ( of skill) les règles fpl de base
adjective [issue, meaning] fondamental (to pour); [error, importance] capital; [concern] principal -
42 fundamental
1. adjective(of great importance; essential; basic: Respect for law and order is fundamental to a peaceful society.) afgørende; fundamental2. noun(a basic or essential part of any thing: Learning to read is one of the fundamentals of education.) grundlag; fundament* * *1. adjective(of great importance; essential; basic: Respect for law and order is fundamental to a peaceful society.) afgørende; fundamental2. noun(a basic or essential part of any thing: Learning to read is one of the fundamentals of education.) grundlag; fundament -
43 fundamental
fundamental [‚fʌndə'mentəl](a) (basic → concept, rule, principle) fondamental, de base; (→ difference, quality) fondamental, essentiel; (→ change, mistake) fondamental;∎ a knowledge of economics is fundamental to a proper understanding of this problem il est essentiel ou fondamental d'avoir des connaissances en économie pour bien comprendre ce problème;∎ fundamental research recherche f fondamentale∎ it's of fundamental importance c'est d'une importance capitale2 noun(a) (usu pl) the fundamentals of chemistry les principes mpl de base de la chimie;∎ when it comes to the fundamentals quand on en vient à l'essentiel►► Physics fundamental particle particule f élémentaire;Physics fundamental unit unité f fondamentaleUn panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > fundamental
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44 основные приёмы приготовления пищи
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > основные приёмы приготовления пищи
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45 основы физики
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46 элементарные правила приготовления пищи
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > элементарные правила приготовления пищи
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47 множество верхнего контура
множество, внутренне устойчивое — internally stable set
Множество возможностей потребления является подмножеством пространства товаров с элементами в виде потребительских наборов, которые индивид, по-видимому, может потреблять при заданности физических ограничений его окружением. — The consumption set is a subset of the commodity space whose elements are the consumption bundles that the individual can conceivably consume given the physical constraints imposed by his environment.
множество возможностей потребления, выпуклое — convex consumption set
множество возможностей реализации полезности, выпуклое — convex utility possibility set
множество (набор) возможных (взаимоисключающих) альтернатив — set of possible (mutually exclusive) alternatives
Отправной точкой любой задачи принятия индивидуального решения является набор возможных (взаимоисключающих) альтернатив, из которых индивид должен сделать выбор. Обозначим этот набор альтернатив абстрактно Х. — The starting point for any individual decision problem is a set of possible (mutually exclusive) alternatives from which the individual must choose. We denote this set of alternatives abstractly by X.
Предположим, что предпочтения допускают представление ожидаемой полезности и множество состояний S таково, что, во-первых, вероятностные оценки одинаковы по индивидам и, во-вторых, состояния не затрагивают основ экономики; это означает, что функции полезности Бернулли и обеспеченности каждого потребителя i однородны по состояниям. Такое множество состояний называется множеством ненаблюдаемых сигналов. — Suppose that preferences admit an expected utility presentation and that the set of states S is such that, first, the probability estimates for the different states are the same across consumers and, second, that the states do not affect the fundamentals of the economy; that is, the Bernoulli utility functions and the endowments of every consumer i are uniform across states. Such a set of states is called a sunspot set.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > множество верхнего контура
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48 анализ
•Satisfactory analysis (or assay) can be performed (or made, or done) on these samples.
••This may be determined from an analysis of moonrock.
•Medical tests ( such as specimen analyses)...
•анализ на присутствие анализировать анализируемыйUrinalysis (an analysis of urine)...
* * *Анализ -- analysis, treatment (математический); consideration, inspection, interpretation, observation (рассмотрение); survey (литературы), review (обзор); parsing (синтаксический)It is the purpose of this paper to present an analysis that accounts for the roll deformation.Thorough treatment of the fundamentals of gas lubricated films, is given by F. [...].The relation is also evident from examination of the meridional velocity profiles.Inspection of the table reveals that the pressure loss is markedly affected by the degree of blockage.Observation of the data of Figs.... and... leads to the conclusion that significant temperature separation can be maintained in the vortex tube.A review indicated that the work done to date was applicable to nuclear pressure vessels.Before illustrating this point, we briefly recount some of the ways of dealing with this problem in parsing.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > анализ
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49 Section I. Main Provisions
Chapter 1. The Fundamentals of the Constitutional SystemArticle 2 Article 3 Article 4 Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8 Article 9 Article 10 Article 11 Article 12 Article 13 Article 14 Article 15 Article 16Chapter 2. Rights and Freedoms of Man and CitizenArticle 18 Article 19 Article 20 Article 21 Article 22 Article 23 Article 24 Article 25 Article 26 Article 27 Article 28 Article 29 Article 30 Article 31 Article 32 Article 33 Article 34 Article 35 Article 36 Article 37 Article 38 Article 39 Article 40 Article 41 Article 42 Article 43 Article 44 Article 45 Article 46 Article 47 Article 48 Article 49 Article 50 Article 51 Article 52 Article 53 Article 54 Article 55 Article 56 Article 57 Article 58 Article 59 Article 60 Article 61 Article 62 Article 63 Article 64Chapter 3. The Federal StructureArticle 66 Article 67 Article 68 Article 69 Article 70 Article 71 Article 72 Article 73 Article 74 Article 75 Article 76 Article 77 Article 78 Article 79Chapter 4. The President of the Russian FederationArticle 81 Article 82 Article 83 Article 84 Article 85 Article 86 Article 87 Article 88 Article 89 Article 90 Article 91 Article 92 Article 93Chapter 5. The Federal AssemblyArticle 95 Article 96 Article 97 Article 98 Article 99 Article 100 Article 101 Article 102 Article 103 Article 104 Article 105 Article 106 Article 107 Article 108 Article 109Chapter 6. The Government of the Russian FederationArticle 111 Article 112 Article 113 Article 114 Article 115 Article 116 Article 117Chapter 7. Judicial PowerArticle 119 Article 120 Article 121 Article 122 Article 123 Article 124 Article 125 Article 126 Article 127 Article 128 Article 129Chapter 8. Local Self-governmentArticle 131 Article 132 Article 133Chapter 9. Constitutional Amendments and Review of the ConstitutionArticle 135 Article 136 Article 137__________<На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Раздел I. Основные положения[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Abschnitt I. Die Grundbestimmungen[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Titre I. Les Dispositions generales[/ref]>The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Section I. Main Provisions
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50 теория рынков Вальраса
С материальной точки зрения теория общего равновесия имеет более конкретное значение: это теория определения равновесных цен и количеств в системе совершенно конкурентных рынков (из работы Л. Вальраса (1874)). Её часто называют теорией рынков Вальраса. Теория рынков Вальраса весьма амбициозна. Она пытается ни больше, ни меньше как прогнозировать полный вектор конечных возможностей потребления и производства, используя только основные отрасли экономики (перечень товаров, состояние технологии, предпочтения и обеспеченности), институциональное предположение о назначении цены для каждого товара (включая товары, которые не участвуют в торговле в ситуации равновесия) и предположение о поведении в условиях получения цены потребителями и фирмами. — From a substantive viewpoint, the general equilibrium theory has a more specific meaning: it is a theory of the determination of equilibrium prices and quantities in a system of perfectly competitive markets (from L. Walras (1874)). This theory is often referred to as the Walrasin theory of markets. The Walrasin theory of markets is very ambitious. It attempts no less than to predict the complete vector of final consumptions and productions using only the fundamentals of the economy (the list of commodities, the state of technology, preferences and endowments), the institutional assumption that a price is quoted for every commodity (including those that will not be traded at equilibrium) and the behavioral assumption of price taking by consumers and firms.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > теория рынков Вальраса
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51 перейти к существу вопроса
1) General subject: come down to the core of the subject, come down to the essentials, come down to the fundamentals2) Diplomatic term: come down to the substance of the matter3) Makarov: come to the substance of the matterУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > перейти к существу вопроса
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52 elemen|t
Ⅰ m (G elementu) 1. (składnik) component, element- podstawowym elementem mózgu jest neuron the neuron is the basic unit of the brain- obce elementy w języku foreign elements in a language- produkował metalowe elementy balustrad he produced the metal components of railings- zabrakło mu kilku elementów, aby złożyć samolot he couldn’t assemble the model plane because some parts were missing2. (cecha) element- gospodarka rynkowa jest jednym z ważnych elementów kapitalizmu a market economy is an important element of capitalism- istnieje tu także element ryzyka there’s also an element of risk involved3. książk., pejor. (grupa ludzi) element zw. pl- zamieszki spowodowane przez element wywrotowy disturbances caused by subversive elements4. pot. (środowisko przestępcze) the underworld U 5. Filoz., Mat. element Ⅱ elementy plt (wybrane informacje) elements; (podstawy) the fundamentals- kurs z fizyki z elementami astronomii a physics course including elements of astronomy- elementy informatyki the elements of computer science- □ element grzejny Techn. (heating) elementThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > elemen|t
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53 design
1. сущ.1)а) общ. замысел, план, проектmore by accident than design — скорее случайно, чем по плану
He has ambitious designs for his son. — Он строит амбициозные планы, насчет сына.
Syn:б) общ. намерение, цельby design — (пред)намеренно, (пред)умышленно
в) общ., часто мн. умысел, замысел; интригаto have designs on [against\] smb. — вынашивать коварные замыслы против кого-л.
to have designs on smb.'s life — покушаться на чью-л. жизнь
2)а) общ. чертеж, эскиз, набросок, рисунок (демонстрирующий конструкцию проектируемого здания, разрабатываемого товара и т. д.); образец, конструкция, модель, шаблонSyn:See:б) общ. рисунок, узор; оформление; дизайнThey are hand painted and gilded, inside and out, with a lovely design of flowers. — Изнутри и снаружи на них вручную нанесена позолота и симпатичный узор из цветов.
See:в) общ. модель, шаблон; лежащая в основе схема; композицияThis is the natural design of life. — Это естественный ход жизни.
Syn:See:3) общ. дизайн; проектирование, моделирование, конструирование, разработка (вид деятельности, связанный с подготовкой эскизов, схем и т. д., разработкой фасонов одежды, оформлением интерьеров и др.)design department — конструкторское бюро, конструкторский отдел; отдел дизайна
See:design consultant, design director, design manager, design specialist, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations COMBS: communication design product design4) пат. (промышленный) образецSee:2. гл.1)а) общ. задумывать, придумывать, разрабатывать; замышлятьHe designed the perfect crime. — Он замыслил идеальное преступление.
б) общ. намереваться, собираться (сделать что-л.)2) общ. предназначатьThe book is designed for readers who are familiar with the fundamentals and wish to study a particular topic. — Эта книга предназначена для читателей, которые знакомы с основами проблемы и хотят продолжить ее изучение.
3)а) общ. проектировать, конструировать; планировать, составлять план [схему\]б) общ. делать эскизы [наброски\]; создавать узоры [рисунки, фасоны\] -
54 основы
•This chapter discusses the basics (or elements, or rudiments) of machine control.
•The essentials of these radio systems are discussed in this article.
•The foundations of mathematics...
•In earlier papers the author has explained the fundamentals of such a method.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > основы
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55 Chapitre 1. Fondements de L'ordre Constitutionnel
Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8 Article 9 Article 10 Article 11 Article 12 Article 13 Article 14 Article 15 Article 16 __________ <На английском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (English)"]Chapter 1. The Fundamentals of the Constitutional System[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Kapitel 1. Grundlagen der Verfassungsordnung[/ref]> <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя[/ref]>Constitution de la Russie > Chapitre 1. Fondements de L'ordre Constitutionnel
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56 Kapitel 1. Grundlagen der Verfassungsordnung
Artikel 2 Artikel 3 Artikel 4 Artikel 5 Artikel 6 Artikel 7 Artikel 8 Artikel 9 Artikel 10 Artikel 11 Artikel 12 Artikel 13 Artikel 14 Artikel 15 Artikel 16 __________ <На английском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (English)"]Chapter 1. The Fundamentals of the Constitutional System[/ref]> <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Chapitre 1. Fondements de L'ordre Constitutionnel[/ref]>Verfassung der Russischen Föderation > Kapitel 1. Grundlagen der Verfassungsordnung
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57 на заре туманной юности
(А. Кольцов)at the dawn of misty youth; in the misty dawn of youthНичто в этой гостинице не напоминало мне той милой моей Рязани, где когда-то, "на заре туманной юности", изучил я основы политграмоты и получил военную подготовку. (В. Аксёнов, Дикой) — There was nothing in that hotel to remind me of the Ryazan I loved and where, 'at the dawn of misty youth', I had learned the fundamentals of politics and had received my military training.
Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > на заре туманной юности
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58 основные черты
1) General subject: the main features2) Mathematics: the fundamentals of, the prominent features, the salient features (of) -
59 fundamental
1. adjective(of great importance; essential; basic: Respect for law and order is fundamental to a peaceful society.) grunnleggende, fundamental2. noun(a basic or essential part of any thing: Learning to read is one of the fundamentals of education.) grunnlag/-trekk; (noe av) det grunnleggendefundamentalIsubst. \/ˌfʌndəˈmentl\/1) grunnprinsipp2) ( musikk) grunntone, fundamentaltoneIIadj. \/ˌfʌndəˈmentl\/1) fundamental, prinsipiell, grunn-, grunnleggende2) vesentlig, hoved-, ledende• the fundamental ideas of the philosophy are...3) utgangs-fundamental unit grunnenhet -
60 основные черты
•Let us begin by considering some of the salient (or prominent, or main) features of particle accelerators.
•The fundamentals of the basic oxygen steelmaking process are as follows.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > основные черты
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