-
21 Chamberlen (the Elder), Peter
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. c. 1601 London, Englandd. 22 December 1683 Woodham Mortimer, Essex, England[br]English obstetrician who was a member of a family of obstetricians of the same name who made use of a secret design of obstetric forceps (probably designed by him).[br]Of Huguenot stock, his ancestor William having probably come to England in 1569, he was admitted to Cambridge University in 1615 at the age of 14. He graduated Doctor of Medicine in Padua in 1619, having also spent some time at Heidelberg. In 1628 he was elected a Fellow of the College of Physicians, though with some reservations on account of his dress and conduct; these appear to have had some foundation for he was dismissed from the fellowship for repeated contumacy in 1659. Nonetheless, he was appointed Physician in Ordinary to Charles I in 1660. There are grounds for suspecting that in later years he developed some signs of insanity.Chamberlen was engaged extensively in the practice of midwifery, and his reputation and that of the other members of the family, several of whom were also called Peter, was enhanced by their possession of their own pattern of obstetric forceps, hitherto unknown and kept carefully guarded as a family secret. The original instruments were discovered hidden at the family home in Essex in 1815 and have been preserved by the Royal Society of Medicine. Chamberlen appears to have threatened the physicians' obstetric monopoly by attempting to organize mid-wives into a corporate company, to be headed by himself, a move which was successfully opposed by the College of Physicians.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPhysician in Ordinary to King Charles I, King Charles II, King James II, Queen Mary and Queen Anne.Bibliography1662, The Accomplished Midwife. The Sober Mans Vindication, discovering the true cause and manner how Dr. Chamberlen came to be reported mad, London.Further ReadingMariceau, 1668, Des Malades des femmes grosses et accouchées, Paris. J.H.Aveling, 1883, The Chamberlens and the Midwifery Forceps, London.MGBiographical history of technology > Chamberlen (the Elder), Peter
-
22 Open the TV
refers to turning something on. This is due to the verbs for to open and to close being the same as the verbs for to turn on and to turn off in Urdu and other Pakistani languages. Pakistani EnglishIभारतीय अंग्रेजी खिचड़ी (Indian-English slang) > Open the TV
-
23 Close the TV
refers to turning something on or off. This is due to the verbs for to open and to close being the same as the verbs for to turn on and to turn off in Urdu and other Pakistani languages. Pakistani EnglishIभारतीय अंग्रेजी खिचड़ी (Indian-English slang) > Close the TV
-
24 передать трубку (put granny on the phone ,will you?)
American English: put on the phoneУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > передать трубку (put granny on the phone ,will you?)
-
25 toad in the hole
An English dish consisting of pieces of meat or sausages covered with batter and baked in the oven. -
26 Associate Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
1) General subject: AMI Mech E2) British English: " AMIMechEУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Associate Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
-
27 Council for the Advancement of Communication with Deaf People
British English: CACDPУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Council for the Advancement of Communication with Deaf People
-
28 State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R.C
Patents: SIPO (Государственное Ведомство по интеллектуальной собственности Народной Республики Китай; http://english.sipo.gov.cn/)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R.C
-
29 fresh off the boat
American English: FOBУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > fresh off the boat
-
30 перевернуть страницу (turn the page)
Latin: verte (Latin-English Glossary by Pnina at ProZ.com)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > перевернуть страницу (turn the page)
-
31 пустая трата времени (useless , not worth the time)
British English: schtrops (Yiddish)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > пустая трата времени (useless , not worth the time)
-
32 one of the most renowned English companies producing t
General subject: royal doulton (its products include dinnerware, giftware, cookware, porcelain, glassware, collectables, jewellery, linens, curtains, and lighting, among other items.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > one of the most renowned English companies producing t
-
33 английски
Englishанглийски език English, the English languageанглийска болест rickets (sg. and. pl.), rachitisанглийска сол Epsom saits, bitter salt* * *англѝйски,прил., -а, -о, -и English; Английската банка Bank of England; \английскии език English, the English language; • \английскиа болест ( рахит) rickets (sg. and pl.), rachitis; \английскиа сол Epson salts, bitter salt.* * *British, English* * *1. English 2. АНГЛИЙСКИ език English, the English language 3. английска болест rickets (sg. and. pl.), rachitis 4. английска сол Epsom saits, bitter salt -
34 Literature
The earliest known examples of literary writing in the Portuguese language is a collection of songbooks ( cancioneiros) that date from the 12th century, written by anonymous court troubadours, aristocrats, and clerics with poetic and musical talent. In the 13th and 14th centuries, ballads ( romanceiros) became popular at court. One of these written after the battle of Aljubarrota is considered to be the Portuguese equivalent of the English Arthurian legend. Literary prose in Portuguese began in the 14th century, with the compilation of chronicles ( chrónicos) written by Fernão Lopes de Castenhada who was commissioned by King Duarte (1430-38) to write a history of the House of Aviz.During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portuguese chroniclers turned their attention to the discoveries and the Portuguese overseas empire. The Portuguese discoveries in India and Asia were chronicled by João de Barros, whose writing appeared posthumously under the pen name of Diogo Do Couto; Fernão Lopes de Castenhade wrote a 10-volume chronicle of the Portuguese in India. The most famous chronicle from this period was the Peregrinação (Pilgrimage), a largely true adventure story and history of Portugal that was as popular among 17th-century readers in Iberia as was Miguel de Cer-vantes's Don Quixote. Portugal's most celebrated work of national literature, The Lusiads ( Os Lusíadas), written by Luís de Camões chronicled Vasco da Gama's voyage to India (1497-99) within the context of the history of Portugal.During the period when Portugal was under Spanish domination (1580-1640), the preferred language of literary expression was Castilian Spanish. The greatest writer of this period was Francisco Manuel de Melo, who wrote in Castilian and Portuguese. His most famous work is an eyewitness account of the 1640 Catalan revolt against Castile, Historia de los Movimientos y Separación de Cata-luna (1645), which allowed the Portuguese monarchy to regain its independence that same year.Little of note was written during the 17th century with the exception of Letters of a Portuguese Nun, an enormously popular work in the French language thought to have been written by Sister Mariana Alcoforado to a French officer Noel Bouton, Marquise de Chamilly.Modern Portuguese writing began in the early 19th century with the appearance of the prose-fiction of João Baptista de Almeida Garrett and the historian-novelist Alexandre Herculano. The last half of the 19th century was dominated by the Generation of 1870, which believed that Portugal was, due to the monarchy and the Catholic Church, a European backwater. Writers such as José Maria Eça de Queirós dissected the social decadence of their day and called for reform and national renewal. The most famous Portuguese poet of the 20th century is, without doubt, Fernando Pessoa, who wrote poetry and essays in English and Portuguese under various names. António Ferro (1895-1956) published best-selling accounts of the right-wing dictatorships in Italy and Spain that endeared him to Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar, who made him the Estado Novo's secretary of national propaganda.The various responses of the Portuguese people to the colonial African wars (1961-75) were chronicled by António Lobo Antunes. In 1998, the noted Portuguese novelist, poet, essayist, and travel writer, José Saramago was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first writer in the Portuguese language of whatever nationality to be so honored. His most famous novels translated into English include: Baltazar and Blimunda (1987), The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis (1991), and The History of the Siege of Lisbon (1996). -
35 A Portuguesa
The official Portuguese national anthem since 1911. A Portuguesa, which means "The Portuguese Woman," refers to the historical symbolic female figure or "Lady Republic," a Portuguese woman who wears republican garb, including a republican banner or flag and a Phrygian bonnet. The concept and name were modeled on the similar figure from the French Revolution of 1789, and the name of the French national anthem, "The Woman from Marseilles," and republican symbols from France's Third Republic. Under the constitutional monarchy, the national anthem was called "The Hymn of the Charter," referring to the 1826 Charter or constitution drafted by Emperor Pedro I of Brazil or Pedro IV of Portugal to replace the controversial 1822 Constitution.A Portuguesa was composed during the popular frenzy and outcry generated by the English Ultimatum crisis of January 1890. Portugal capitulated to an English ultimatum presented to Lisbon by London during an Anglo-Portuguese conflict over possession of territory in central-east Africa. Intense feelings of patriotism, nationalism, and xenophobia were generated in the wake of the Lisbon government's capitulation and its subsequent resignation from office. Inspired by the popular reaction to this incident, Alfredo Keil, a Portuguese musician and opera composer of German descent, wrote the music for A Portuguesa, whose melody bears a slight resemblance to that of the stirring Internationale. The sentimental, bellicose lyrics were written by Keil's friend, Lopes de Mendonça.During the remaining years of the waning monarchy, A Portuguesa was sung as a rallying cry by republican partisans who wished to abolish the monarchy. The song's spirit is not only nationalistic, but is imbued with an imperative of Portuguese national revival in order to remind the people of their greatness of centuries ago. After the First Republic replaced the monarchy, the republic's Constituent Assembly adopted A Portuguesa as the country's national anthem in June 1911, and it has remained so ever since. The first verse with chorus imparts the spirit of the entire patriotic message of the anthem:Heroes of the sea, noble racevaliant and immortal nation,now is the hour to raise up on high once morePortugal's splendor.From out of the mists of memory,of Homeland, we hear the voicesof your great forefathersthat shall lead you on to victory!To arms, to armson land and sea!To arms, to armsto fight for our Homeland!To march against the enemy guns! -
36 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
The world's oldest diplomatic connection and alliance, an enduring arrangement between two very different nations and peoples, with important practical consequences in the domestic and foreign affairs of both Great Britain (England before 1707) and Portugal. The history of this remarkable alliance, which has had commercial and trade, political, foreign policy, cultural, and imperial aspects, can be outlined in part with a list of the main alliance treaties after the first treaty of commerce and friendship signed between the monarchs of England and Portugal in 1373. This was followed in 1386 by the Treaty of Windsor; then in 1654, 1661, 1703, the Methuen Treaty; and in 1810 and 1899 another treaty also signed at Windsor.Common interests in the defense of the nation and its overseas empire (in the case of Portugal, after 1415; in the case of England, after 1650) were partly based on characteristics and common enemies both countries shared. Even in the late Middle Ages, England and Portugal faced common enemies: large continental countries that threatened the interests and sovereignty of both, especially France and Spain. In this sense, the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance has always been a defensive alliance in which each ally would assist the other when necessary against its enemies. In the case of Portugal, that enemy invariably was Spain (or component states thereof, such as Castile and Leon) and sometimes France (i.e., when Napoleon's armies invaded and conquered Portugal as of late 1807). In the case of England, that foe was often France and sometimes Spain as well.Beginning in the late 14th century, England and Portugal forged this unusual relationship, formalized with several treaties that came into direct use during a series of dynastic, imperial, naval, and commercial conflicts between 1373 and 1961, the historic period when the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance had its most practical political significance. The relative world power and importance of each ally has varied over the centuries. During the period 1373-1580, the allies were similar in respective ranking in European affairs, and during the period 1480-1550, if anything, Portugal was a greater world power with a more important navy than England. During 1580-1810, Portugal fell to the status of a third-rank European power and, during 1810-1914, England was perhaps the premier world power. During 1914-61, England's world position slipped while Portugal made a slow recovery but remained a third- or fourth-rank power.The commercial elements of the alliance have always involved an exchange of goods between two seafaring, maritime peoples with different religions and political systems but complementary economies. The 1703 Methuen Treaty establ ished a trade link that endured for centuries and bore greater advantages for England than for Portugal, although Portugal derived benefits: English woolens for Portuguese wines, especially port, other agricultural produce, and fish. Since the signing of the Methuen Treaty, there has been a vigorous debate both in politics and in historical scholarship as to how much each nation benefited economically from the arrangement in which Portugal eventually became dependent upon England and the extent to which Portugal became a kind of economic colony of Britain during the period from 1703 to 1910.There is a vast literature on the Alliance, much of it in Portuguese and by Portuguese writers, which is one expression of the development of modern Portuguese nationalism. During the most active phase of the alliance, from 1650 to 1945, there is no doubt but that the core of the mutual interests of the allies amounted to the proposition that Portugal's independence as a nation in Iberia and the integrity of its overseas empire, the third largest among the colonial powers as of 1914, were defended by England, who in turn benefited from the use by the Royal Navy of Portugal's home and colonial ports in times of war and peace. A curious impact on Portuguese and popular usage had also come about and endured through the impact of dealings with the English allies. The idiom in Portuguese, "é para inglês ver," means literally "it is for the Englishman to see," but figuratively it really means, "it is merely for show."The practical defense side of the alliance was effectively dead by the end of World War II, but perhaps the most definitive indication of the end of the political significance of an alliance that still continues in other spheres occurred in December 1961, when the army of the Indian Union invaded Portugal's colonial enclaves in western India, Goa, Damão, and Diu. While both nations were now North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies, their interests clashed when it came to imperial and Commonwealth conflicts and policies. Portugal asked Britain for military assistance in the use of British bases against the army of Britain's largest former colony, India. But Portugal was, in effect, refused assistance by her oldest ally. If the alliance continues into the 21st century, its essence is historical, nostalgic, commercial, and cultural.See also Catherine of Braganza.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
-
37 ламанш
-
38 Pétanque
The most popular form of the game known as boules, pétanque is the French version of the English game of bowls. It has been played in a fairly similar form since Roman times, and is particularly popular in the south of France. The modern game is played on a gravel surface using solid metalboules about the size of a tennis ball. Unlike in the English game where the balls are rolled, in pétanque they are usually lobbed. The aim of the game is to get one's boule as close as possible to the jack, known as the cochonnet in French. Though the game can be played on any patch of gravel surface, many towns have special boules areas known as boulodromes.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Pétanque
-
39 pollag
-
40 dive
English Definition: Tagalog slang for sucking the female genitalia; pronounced the same way as the English word DIVE.L2 Definition: (salitang balbal) pagsipsip sa ari ng babae
См. также в других словарях:
The English Concert — is a Baroque orchestra playing on authentic instruments based in London. Founded in 1972 and directed from the harpsichord by Trevor Pinnock for 30 years, it is now directed from the violin by Andrew Manze. In September 2007, harpsichordist Harry … Wikipedia
The Making of the English Working Class — … Wikipedia
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language — (AHD) is an American dictionary of the English language published by Boston publisher Houghton Mifflin, the first edition of which appeared in 1969. Its creation was spurred by the controversy over the Webster s Third New International Dictionary … Wikipedia
The English Civil War Society — is the umbrella organisation for the King s Army and the Roundhead Association. The purpose of the Society is to raise awareness of the conflict between King Charles I of England and his supporters and their opponents in Parliament and Scotland.… … Wikipedia
The English Intelligencer — was a literary magazine/newsletter founded and edited by the poets Andrew Crozier and Peter Riley. It played a key role in the emergence of many of the poets associated with the British Poetry Revival. Consciously conceived as an attempt to unite … Wikipedia
The English Constitution — is a book by Walter Bagehot. Written in 1867, it explores the constitution of the United Kingdom, specifically the functioning of Parliament and the British monarchy and the contrasts between British and American government. The book became a… … Wikipedia
The English Teeth — are a band from Calgary. They play a mostly Anglo blend of 60 s garage and discerning 70 s and 80 s rock and punk. Most of the songs are about sex, food and a trip members Tom and Mark took to England some 20 odd years ago. The band features Tom… … Wikipedia
The English Patient — Infobox Book | name = The English Patient image caption = First edition cover author = Michael Ondaatje cover artist = Cecil Beaton (first edition) country = England language = English genre = Historiographic metafiction, Novel publisher =… … Wikipedia
The English Patient (film) — Infobox Film name= The English Patient caption= Film poster for The English Patient . director= Anthony Minghella writer= Anthony Minghella (screenplay) Michael Ondaatje (novel) starring= Ralph Fiennes Kristin Scott Thomas Willem Dafoe Juliette… … Wikipedia
The English Cat — Hans Werner Henze … Wikipedia
The English Teacher — infobox Book | name = The English Teacher title orig = translator = image caption = author = R. K. Narayan illustrator = cover artist = country = India language = English series = genre = Autobiographical novel publisher = University of Chicago… … Wikipedia
