Перевод: со словенского на английский

с английского на словенский

that)+is+why

  • 1 bě̄dà

    bě̄dà Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `need, poverty, misery'
    Page in Trubačev: II 54-56
    Old Church Slavic:
    běda `distress, need, necessity' [f ā]
    Russian:
    bedá `misfortune, trouble' [f ā]
    Czech:
    bída `poverty, misery' [f ā];
    běda `woe!' [interj]
    Slovak:
    bieda `poverty, calamity' [f ā]
    Polish:
    bieda `poverty, misery' [f ā];
    biada `woe!' [interj]
    Old Polish:
    biada `distress, necessity' [f ā] \{1\}
    Upper Sorbian:
    běda `grief, woe, misery' [f ā]
    Lower Sorbian:
    běda `grief, pain' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    bijèda `grief, misfortune' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    bẹ́da `misery' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    bedá `misfortune, misery' [f ā]
    Indo-European reconstruction: bʰoidʰ-eh₂ \{2\}
    IE meaning: force
    Certainty: +
    Page in Pokorny: 117
    Comments: According to Būga (RR I: 345-346), Lith. bėdà 4 `misfortune, trouble, guilt' is probably not a borrowing from Slavic because it has ė instead of the expected ie (cf. biẽdnas `poor'). Indeed, there seems to be no obvious reason why bėdà and Latv. bę̀da `sorrow, grief, distress' should not be old. These words could be connected with bãdas `hunger' and Skt. bā́dhate `oppress' (Būga l.c., Derksen 1996: 258). However, a dilemma arises if we consider that Slavic běditi `force, persuade' cannot be separated from Go. baidjan `force'. We must either declare the Baltic forms borrowings or assume that in Slavic *běd- < *bhoidh- and *běd- < *bʰēdʰ- were contaminated (cf. Anikin 1998: 39). In the latter case OCS běda `distress' and `necessity' would continue different roots. This is a possibility which cannot be excluded. The hypothesis that Lith. baidýti `to scare' < *bʰiH- `to fear' is cognate with *bē̌dà and *běditi (cf. Trubačëv II: 55-56) must be rejected, if only on formal grounds.
    Other cognates:
    Alb. be `oath' [f] \{2\}
    Notes:
    \{1\} The vocalism of Modern Polish bieda `id.' is of Mazowian origin, cf. biada `woe!'. \{2\} According to Būga (RR I: 345-346), Lith. bėdà 4 `misfortune, trouble, guilt' is probably not a borrowing from Slavic because it has ė instead of the expected ie (cf. biẽdnas `poor'). Indeed, there seems to be no obvious reason why bėdà and Latv. bę̀da `sorrow, grief, distress' should not be old. These words could be connected with bãdas `hunger' and Skt. bā́dhate `oppress' (Būga l.c., Derksen 1996: 258). However, a dilemma arises if we consider that Slavic běditi `force, persuade' cannot be separated from Go. baidjan `force'. We must either declare the Baltic forms borrowings or assume that in Slavic *běd- < *bhoidh- and *běd- < *bʰēdʰ- were contaminated (cf. Anikin 1998: 39). In the latter case OCS běda `distress' and `necessity' would continue different roots. This is a possibility which cannot be excluded. The hypothesis that Lith. baidýti `to scare' < *bʰiH- `to fear' is cognate with *bē̌dà and *běditi (cf. Trubačëv II: 55-56) must be rejected, if only on formal grounds. \{3\} Demiraj prefers *bʰeidʰ-i-s to an ā-stem (1997: 94).

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > bě̄dà

  • 2 drozdъ

    drozdъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c (/b?) Proto-Slavic meaning: `thrush'
    Page in Trubačev: V 126-127
    Russian:
    drozd `thrush, (čërnyj d. ) blackbird' [m o], drozdá [Gens] \{1\}
    Ukrainian:
    drizd `thrush' [m o], drozdá [Gens]
    Czech:
    drozd `thrush' [m o]
    Slovak:
    drozd `thrush' [m o]
    Polish:
    drozd `thrush' [m o]
    Slovincian:
    drȯ́u̯zd `thrush' [m o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    drȏzd `thrush' [m o];
    drȏzak `thrush' [m o], drȏzga [Gens];
    drȏzak `thrush' [m o], drȍzga [Gens];
    Čak. drȍzak `thrush' [m o], drȍzga [Accs]
    Slovene:
    drǫ̑zd `thrush' [m o];
    drǫ̑zg `thrush, (črni d. ) blackbird' [m o]
    Bulgarian:
    drozd `thrush, (coll.) blackbird' [m o]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: trozdós
    Lithuanian:
    strãzdas `thrush, (juodasis s.) blackbird, (dial.) starling' [m o] 4
    Latvian:
    strazds `thrush, (melnais s.) blackbird, (mājas s. ) starling' [m o]
    Old Prussian:
    tresde `thrush'
    Indo-European reconstruction: trozd-o-
    Comments: In order to explain why * drozdъ was not, or rather only partly affected by the generalization of accentual mobilty in masculine o-stems, Illič-Svityč (1963: 45) reconstructs an u -stem, referring to OIc. ʮrǫstr < *-uz. I am inclined to consider the possibility that owing to the cluster - zd-, which prevented the Balto-Slavic retraction called Ebeling's law, *drozdъ belonged to a marginal oxytone type that in principle merged with AP (b). In that case it is no longer necessary to posit a u-stem. It must be said, by the way, that the evidence for AP (c) seems to outweigh the evidence for (c).
    Other cognates:
    Lat. turdus `thrush'
    ;
    OIr. truit `thrush' [f] \{2\};
    OIc. ʮrǫstr `thrush'
    Notes:
    \{1\} AP (c) in Old Russian (Zaliznjak 1985: 137). \{2\} OIr. also truid, druid.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > drozdъ

  • 3 dъždžь

    dъždžь Grammatical information: m. jo Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `rainstorm, rain'
    Page in Trubačev: V 195-197
    Old Church Slavic:
    dъždь `rain, rainstorm' [m jo]
    Russian:
    dožd' `rain' [m jo], doždjá `rain' [Gens]
    Czech:
    déšt' `rain' [m jo];
    dešt' `rain' [m jo]
    Old Czech:
    déšč `rain' [m jo], dšče [Gens]
    Slovak:
    dážd' `rain' [m jo], dažd'a [Gens]
    Polish:
    deszcz `rain' [m jo]
    Old Polish:
    deżdż `rain' [m jo], dżdżu [Gens]
    Slovincian:
    dẽi̯šč `rain' [m jo]
    Upper Sorbian:
    dešć `rain' [m jo]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    dȃžd (Vuk: SW dial.) `rain' [m o], dà̀žda [Gens];
    dȁžd (Dubr.) `rain' [m o], dàžda;
    dȁžd (Prčanj) `rain' [m o], daždȁ [Gens];
    Čak. dȁž (Vrgada) `rain' [m jo], dažȁ;
    Čak. dãš (Orbanići) `rain' [m jo], dajžȁ `rain' [Gens], dažljȁ [Gens]
    Slovene:
    dǝ̀ž `rain' [m jo], dǝžjà `rain' [Gens]
    Bulgarian:
    dăžd `rain' [m o]
    Indo-European reconstruction: dus-diu-(s)
    Page in Pokorny: 227+184
    Comments: Watkins (1991: 175-176) argues that the basic meaning `rainstorm', attested in OCS, is in agreement with Skt. durdina- < * dus-di-n- explains why the compound contains the element * dus- `bad'. In this way he challenges the view that Trubetzkoy's and Vaillant's etymology cannot be correct because to the farmer rain is beneficial.
    Other cognates:
    Skt. durdina- `rain, shower, rainy weather' [n];
    Gk. εὐδία `fair weather' [f]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > dъždžь

  • 4 sъdòrvъ

    sъdòrvъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `healthy'
    Old Church Slavic:
    sъdravъ `healthy' [adj o]
    Russian:
    zdoróvyj `healthy' [adj o];
    zdoróv `healthy' [adj o], zdorová [Nomsf], zdorovó [Nomsn] \{1\}
    Old Russian:
    zdorovъ `healthy' [adj o];
    storovъ (Novg.) `healthy' [adj o]
    Czech:
    zdravý `healthy' [adj o]
    Slovak:
    zdravý `healthy' [adj o]
    Polish:
    zdrowy `healthy' [adj o]
    Old Polish:
    strowy (Gn.) `healthy' [adj o]
    Upper Sorbian:
    strowy `healthy' [adj o]
    Lower Sorbian:
    strowy `healthy' [adj o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    zdrȁv `healthy' [adj o];
    Čak. zdrå̃v `healthy' [adj o], zdrȁva [Nomsf], zdravȁ [Nomsf];
    Čak. zdrãf `healthy' [adj o], zdrȁva [Nomsf], zdrȁvo [Nomsn]
    Slovene:
    zdràv `healthy' [adj o], zdráva [Nomsf]
    Bulgarian:
    zdrav `healthy' [adj o]
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₁su-dʰor-uo-
    Comments: A reconstruction *h₁su-dor(H)uo- - with the root of * dervo - would leave us with the problem why Winter's law did not affect the first member of the compound, cf. Lith. sū́drus `thick, dense'. It seems to me that Meillet's etymology (1902-1905: 364), according to which * sъdravъ is cognate with Skt. dhruvá- `firm, solid' and Av. druua- `in good health' is preferable. To explain the prosodic characteristics of the noun one could posit a seṭ variant *dʰorH- (cf. Le Feuvre 2006: 240-241), but this is not necessary, as *sъdòrvъ may originate from *sъ̀dorvъ as a result of Dybo's law, cf. Ru. ogoród `kitchen-garden'.
    Other cognates:
    Skt. dhruvá- `fixed, firm' [adj];
    Av. druua- `healthy' [adj]
    Notes:
    \{1\} AP (a) in Old Russian (Zaliznjak 1985: 133).

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > sъdòrvъ

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