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101 BÓK
* * *(gen. bókar and bœkr; pl. bœkr), f.1) beech, beechtree;2) poet. textile fabric with figures woven in it (bœkr þínar enar bláhvítu);3) book;lesa á bók, to read a book;rita á bók, setja á bœkr, to set down in writing, to put on record;kunna (festa) et útan bókar, to know (to get) by heart;heilög bók, the divine book, the bible;4) the gospel (vinna eið at bók; cf. bókareiðr);5) Latin kenna em á bók, to teach one Latin;nema á bók, to learn Latin;setja en til bókar, to put one to school (in order to make him a priest);hann heitir á bók ( in Latin) Jaskonius;svá segir (er sagt) í bókum (in Latin books);6) lawbook, code of law (lögbók, Jónsbók).* * *1.ar, f. [Lat. fāgus; Gr. φηγός; A. S. bôc; Engl. beech; Germ. buche (fem.); Swed. bok; Dan. böge, etc.]:—a beech, Edda (Gl.), Lex. Poët. Owing to the absence of trees in Icel., the word rarely occurs; moreover the collect. beyki, n., is more freq.2.gen. bókar, but also in old writers bækr, pl. bækr, [Ulf. renders by bôca the Gr. βίβλος, γράμματα, επιστολή, etc.; A. S. bôc; Engl. book; Germ. buch (neut.); Swed. bok; Dan. bog: the identity between bók fāgus and bók liber seems certain; the gender is in all Scandinavian idioms the same; modern German has made a distinction in using buche fem., buch neut.; both are akin to the Gr.-Lat. fāgus, φηγός; cp. also the analogy with Gr. βίβλος and Lat. liber ( book and bark): bók-stafr also properly means a beech-twig, and then a letter. In old times, before the invention of parchment, the bark of trees was used for writing on]:—a book.I. the earliest notion, however, of a ‘book’ in Scandin. is that of a precious stuff, a textile fabric with figures, or perhaps characters, woven in it; it occurs three or four times in old poems in this sense; bók ok blæja, bjartar váðir, Skv. 3. 47; bækr (bekr) þínar enar bláhvítu ofnar völundum (of bed-sheets?), Hðm. 7, Gh. 4: bók-rúnar, Sdm. 19, may refer to this; or is it = runes engraven on beech-wood?II. a book in the proper sense. Icel. say, rita and setja saman bók (sögu), to write and compose a book ( story); old writers prefer saying, rita ‘á’ bók (dat. or acc.) instead of ‘í,’ perhaps bearing in mind that the earliest writings were on scrolls, or even on stones or wooden slabs—barbara fraxineis pingatur runa tabellis; they also prefer to use the plur. instead of sing. without regard to volumes (as in Engl. writings); það finst ritað á bókum, Fms. i. 157; á bókum Ara prests hins Fróða, iii. 106; historia ecclesiarum á tveim (sjau) bókum, Dipl. v. 18; á bókum er sagt, Landn. (pref.); á bókum Enskum, id.; á bók þessi (acc.) lét ek rita fornar frásagnir, Hkr. (pref.); but svá segir í bók þeirri sem Edda heitir, Skálda 222; þá hluti sem frammi standa í bók þessi, 159; svá sem hann (viz. Ari) hefir sjálfr ritað í sínum bókum, Ó. H. 188; þeir er Styrmir reiknar í sinni bók, Fb. ii. 68; hér fyrr í bókinni.III. a book, i. e. a story, history (Saga), since in Icel. histories were the favourite books; cp. Íslendinga-bók, Konunga-bók, bók Styrmis; Landnáma-bók; bækr þær er Snorri setti saman, Sturl. ii. 123. It is used of the Gospel in the law phrases, sem búar virða við bók, vinna eið at bók (bókar-eiðr), of a verdict given or an oath taken by laying the hand upon the Gospel, Grág. (Þ. Þ.) several times; as the Engl. phrase ‘to swear on the book’ is common; of a code (of law) = Jóns-bók, after A. D. 1272 or 1281, Bs. i. 720, 723, vide Ann. those years; hafa bók even means to hold the book, i. e. to hold the office of lögmaðr (law-man, judge); Þórðr Narfa son hafði bók, Ann. (Hol.) A. D. 1304; á bókarinnar vegna, on the part of the book, i. e. the law, D. N. ii. 492. Mod. phrases: skrifa, rita, semja bók, to write it; lesa í bók, to read it; but syngja á bók, to sing from a book; fletta bók, to turn over the leaves; líta, blaða, í bók, to peruse, look into a book (hann lítr aldrei í bók, he never looks into a book); lesa bók ofan í kjölinn, to read a book carefully, v. lesa bók spjaldanna í milli, to read it from end to end:—sálma-bók, flokka-bók, a hymn-book; kvæða-bók, ljóða-bók, a book of poems; sögu-bók, of histories; lög-bók, of laws; Guðs orða-bók, God’s word-book, a religious book:—also of MSS., Flateyjar-bók (Cod. Flateyensis), Orms-bók, Uppsala-bók, Konungs-bók, Staðarfells-bók, Skálholts-bók, etc.:—phrases relating to books: það er allt á eina bókina lært, all learnt from the same book, i. e. all of one piece (esp. denoting one-sidedness); blindr er bóklauss maðr, blind is a bookless man; læra utan-bókar, to learn without book, by heart; bókvit, ‘bookwit,’ knowledge got from books; mannvit, mother-wit, common sense; allra manna vit er minna en þeirra er af bókum taka mannvit sitt, Sks. 22:—also, setja e-n til bækr, to set one to book, i. e. put one to school in order to make him priest; berja e-n til bækr, to thrash one to the book, i. e. into learning, Bs. i; a book has spjöld, boards; kjöl, keel, back; snið, cut; brot, size.COMPDS: bókagull, bókagörð, bókakista, bókalectari, bókalist, bókarblað, bókarbót, bókareiðr, bókareiðstafr, bókarlag, bókarskeyting, bókarskrá, bókarstóll, bókartak, bókarvitni, bókaskápr, bókasteinn, bókastokkr. -
102 помол
2) Engineering: comminution (измельчение), grinding3) Textile: milling (более тонкий)4) Silicates: grinding (более грубый), size degradation5) Cellulose: paper stock7) Plastics: grinding stock8) Makarov: coarse grinding (грубый; качество или тонина помола), coarse milling (грубый; качество или тонина помола), fine grinding (тонкий; качество или тонина помола), fine milling (тонкий; качество или тонина помола), grind (качество измельчения)9) Combustion gas turbines: grinding (твёрдого топлива)10) Cement: size reduction -
103 аппретировать
1) Engineering: glaze3) Oil: finish, gloss, lay the grain -
104 аппретура
3) Chemistry: sizing agent4) Textile: finishing, starch5) Oil: gloss, polishing material6) Leather: lustre7) Food industry: seasoning8) Plastics: coupling agent, size -
105 весовой номер
1) Military: weight ratio2) Textile: denier size, linear density, titre (волокна или пряжи) -
106 грунт
1) General subject: a son of the soil, bottom, coat, coating, couch (краски, лака на холсте), field, ground, impression (картины), naked, soil, rock mantle3) Naval: oozy bottom, spoil4) Military: dirt5) Engineering: backing coat (первый слой штукатурки), base coat (под лакокрасочным покрытием), brown coat (второй слой штукатурки), browning (второй слой штукатурки), browning coat (второй слой штукатурки), earth, fining coat (двухслойной штукатурки), finish coat (двухслойной штукатурки), finishing coat (двухслойной штукатурки), first coat, floated coat (второй слой штукатурки), floating coat (второй слой штукатурки), prime colour, primer (под лакокрасочным покрытием), priming coat, puddled earth, rolled earth, sealing coat, second coat (второй слой штукатурки), setting coat (двухслойной штукатурки), skim coat (двухслойной штукатурки), skimming coat (двухслойной штукатурки), substrate, terrain, topping coat (второй слой штукатурки), white coat (двухслойной штукатурки)6) Construction: dirt, ground coat, ground coat paint, subfoundation, underground7) Automobile industry: couch (при окраске), paint primer, prime coat, seal coat, undercoat8) Architecture: foundation, land, size (под покраску стен или написание картины), undersoil9) Painting: excipient, ground-color, priming11) Forestry: priming color, priming stain12) Textile: background, field (напр. ткани), plain weave ground, backing (в коврах - AD)13) Oil: footing (на который ставится буровая вышка), precoat, precoating14) Special term: first-coat15) Sociology: subsurface16) Advertising: dead colour, priming colour18) American English: clay [as in clay tennis court]19) Polymers: base coat (под лакокрасочное покрытие)20) Plastics: daub21) General subject: ground (поверхность земли)22) Makarov: base coating (под лакокрасочное покрытие), brown coat (штукатурный второй слой), earth (для земляных плотин, насыпей и т.п.), earth (нескальный), ground coat (первый слой краски), material, primer (в живописи), substratum, undercoat (штукатурки)23) General subject: rocky soil -
107 грунтовка
2) Aviation: primer coating, priming coat, undercoating3) Naval: paint priming, prime coating4) Engineering: base coat, bottom layer, coating, flattening (при окраске), gesso, ground, knotting (перёд окраской древесины), lining (процесс), paint primer, prime color, prime colour, primer paint, priming paint, sizing (под краску), substrate (под покраску), undercoat (под краску)5) Construction: dead colour (о живописи), first cleavage, floor oil, ground cleavage, paint base, presizing (под покраску), primer coat, bottom, primary cleavage, size6) Railway term: coat-work7) Law: grounding8) Automobile industry: base coating, clairecolle, clearcole, filler paste, ground-coat paint, padding, paste filler, precoating, prime coat, prime paint9) Architecture: foundation (в живописи), pad (под покраску), pre-coating, prime (priming) paint, primer (в живописи и малярном деле), priming (в живописи и малярном деле)10) Painting: claircole, dead colour, priming11) Forestry: calking sealer, dead color, filler, killing knots, priming stain12) Metallurgy: first layer, printing coat13) Polygraphy: padded work14) Textile: bottom printing, bottoming15) Oil: precoat16) Special term: first-coat17) Silicates: ground coating, primary coat18) Drilling: coat19) Sakhalin energy glossary: precoat (precoatting), precoatting, primary painting20) Oil&Gas technology lay21) Polymers: first coat, ground coat, ground coat paint, intermediate coat, precoat (ing), primer composition, priming lacquer22) Makarov: base coating (под лакокрасочное покрытие), clairecolle (под клеевую краску), clearcole (под клеевую краску), liner, mount, paint primer (грунтовочный состав), prime coat (of paint) (нижний слой покрытия), primer (грунтовочный состав), seal coat23) Bicycle: dirt road24) Tengiz: primery painting25) Software: Underpaying -
108 загустка
1) Textile: paste, printing gum (для печати), size, stock colour paste, thickener (вещество), thickening paste2) Oil: thickening, thickening agent, thickening material -
109 замасливатель
1) Engineering: lubricant (волокна), lubricating agent, oiling agent, oiling device, sizing agent, sizing device, softener, lubricator (замасливатель воздуха в пневмо-устройствах)2) Textile: oil, Spin finish (производство химического волокна), finishing agent (текстильная промышленность)3) Silicates: size applicator, sizer (стекловолокна)4) Polymers: finishing oil, gloss finish (для стекловолокна), keying agent, lubricating substance, spinning oil5) Makarov: oil agent -
110 замасливать
1) General subject: grease2) Engineering: soften3) Textile: oil4) Silicates: size (стекловолокно) -
111 застой
1) General subject: backwater, congestion, dead-lock, deadlock, hypostasis, jogtrot, languor, languor (в торговле, деятельности), slack, stagnation, standstill, suspended animation, wasteland (интеллектуальный), damp, economic glut, slack period, stagnancy3) Economy: dead season (в делах), dullness, lack of business, sluggishness, the dead season (в делах)4) Accounting: slackness, standstill (в экономике)5) Automobile industry: dead season (напр. при сезонных перевозках)6) Diplomatic term: sluggishness (в экономической активности)7) Forestry: stagnation (воды)8) Telecommunications: degeneration9) Textile: hard size10) Banking: flatness11) Business: depression, softening12) Marine science: still stand13) Makarov: congestion (напр. крови, жёлчи), settling, stagnation (состояние или качество воды)14) Non-profit-making organization: languour15) General subject: stagnation (воды) -
112 калибр
2) American: caliber4) Engineering: calibrating device, caliper, calipers, clearance gage, feeler gage, ga, gap gage, groove, template, (резьбы) gages5) Construction: gage (листового металла или проволоки), gauge (листового металла или проволоки), mortise gauge, templet, limit6) Mathematics: gage (топологического пространства)8) Mining: templex10) Textile: setting gauge11) Oil: pattern14) Automation: fixed gage, roll opening (прокатного стана), roll-pass (прокатного стана)15) Arms production: caliber gauge (для определения пробоин, замера диаметра канала ствола или пули), gauge (амер.)16) Cables: die (в крутильных машинах)17) General subject: cylinder gauge, measuring plug -
113 клеевар
1) Forestry: size and alum man2) Textile: sizeman -
114 клеящее вещество
1) General subject: agglutinant2) Engineering: banding agent, bonding agent, cement, glue4) Polygraphy: adhesive substance5) Textile: sizing preparation6) Astronautics: adhesive7) Silicates: sizing agent8) Polymers: adhesive material, glue matter, size -
115 маточный раствор
1) General subject: bittern (в солеварнях)2) Geology: mother waters3) Medicine: mother liquor4) Engineering: growth solution (эпитаксиального слоя), mother, mother solution5) Metallurgy: master solution, mother metal, (водный) mother water6) Textile: heavy stock size, mother (красителя)7) Oil: mother water8) Sakhalin energy glossary: stock solution9) Gold mining: barren solution10) Electrochemistry: supernatant liquid11) Aluminium industry: pregnant liquor -
116 недомерок
1) General subject: halfsized2) Colloquial: shorty3) Metallurgy: scanty bar4) Textile: undersized5) Automation: under size6) Makarov: undersize7) Derogatory: peck -
117 нестандартный
1) General subject: bastard, fourth rate, fourth-rate, irregular, king sized, king-sized, off standard, off-gauge, outsize, outsized, subsize (по размеру), unstandardized, king-size, substandard, unusual, creatively different, unorthodox2) Colloquial: off kilter3) Military: unconventional5) Agriculture: grade-out (напр. об овощной продукции)6) Construction: off-standard7) Mathematics: abnormal, atypical, non-traditional8) Railway term: non-typical9) Economy: nonstock10) Accounting: nonroutine, ungraded11) Linguistics: non-standard12) Automobile industry: non-type13) Forestry: undersized14) Metallurgy: off-gauge (о прокате)15) Telecommunications: nonconventional, off gauge16) Textile: sub-standard17) Jargon: off the wall18) Information technology: out-of-order, tailor-made19) Oil: NS (non-standard), bastard (о буровом инструменте местного изготовления), denormal, nonstandard, not standard, off-gage (о деталях), tailormade20) Coolers: off-grade21) Advertising: kingsize, daring (вызывающий)22) Polymers: off register25) Arms production: nontype26) Makarov: offgrade, substandard (напр. о качестве пищевого продукта), substandard (напр., о качестве пищевого продукта), unconditional, undergrade28) Tengiz: substandard (низкого качества) -
118 номер нити
1) Textile: yarn size2) Polymers: thread count, yarn number -
119 номер пряжи
1) General subject: count, count of yarn, grist2) Engineering: yarn count, yarn number3) Textile: number of yarn, yarn size4) Polymers: unit fineness5) Cables: fibre count -
120 номер ровницы
1) Textile: roving hank, roving size2) Polymers: hank roving
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