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1 TEN
quëan, quain. (In earlier sources the word cainen occurs, but according to VT48:12, Tolkien eventually rejected this word.) For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. GROUP OF TEN (10 similar things) maquat (actually the dual form of maqua "hand", referring to the ten fingers on both hands). Ordinal TENTH quainëa. The fraction ONE TENTH is given as caista (and cast) in VT48:11, but since Tolkien later decided that the word for "ten" was to have the initial sound qu- rather than c-, we must apparently read *quaista (and *quast, but normally Quenya words do not end in consonant clusters). –VT48:6, 11, VT47:7, VT42:25, cf. KAYAN, KAYAR -
2 ARRIVE
The verb ten- is used for this meaning in one source (present tense téna “is on point of arrival, is just coming to the end”). Other attested forms are tenë (aorist; 1st person tenin), pa.t. tennë “arrived, reached” (“usually used with locative not allative”: tennen sís “I arrive[d] here”), perfect eténië, future tenuva “will arrive”. Tolkien subsequently changed ten- to men-, but the latter is elsewhere ascribed the meaning “go”. –VT49:23-24 -
3 THEY, THEM
(3rd person pl. and dual forms): As the pronominal ending for “they”, Tolkien hesitated between -ltë and -ntë. For instance, a verb like “they do” is attested both as cariltë and carintë (VT49:16, 17). In one text, the ending -ltë is marked as archaic or poetic (VT49:17), but in other paradigms no such qualification occurs (VT49:51). The alternative form -nte- occurs in UT:317, with a second pronominal marker (-s “it”, denoting the object) following: Tiruvantes "they will keep it". General considerations of euphony may favour -ltë rather than -ntë (e.g. *quenteltë rather than *quententë for “they spoke” – in the past tense, many verbs end in -ntë even before any pronominal endings are supplied, like quentë “spoke” in this example). The ending -ltë (unlike -ntë) would also conform with the general system that the plural pronominal endings include the plural marker l (VT48:11). – In Tolkien’s early material, the ending -ltë appears as -lto instead (e.g. tulielto “they have come”, LT1:270). – A simple plural verb (with ending -r) can have “they” as its implied subject, as in the example quetir en “they still say” (PE17:167). – In the independent pronouns, distinct forms of may be used depending on whether “they, them” refers to living beings (persons, animals or even plants) or to non-living things or abstracts. The “personal” independent pronoun is te, which may have a long vowel when stressed (té, VT49:51). It is also attested in object position (laita te “bless them”, LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, VT43:20). It can receive case endings, e.g. dative ten (VT49:14; variant forms téna and tien, VT49:14, VT43:12, 21). As the “impersonal” they, them referring to non-living things, Tolkien in some sources used ta (VT43:20; 8, 9), but this apparently caused dissatisfaction because he also wanted ta to be the singular pronoun “that, it”. According to VT49:32, the form tai was introduced as the word for impersonal or inanimate “they, them” (in some places changed to te, apparently suggesting that Tolkien considered using te for both personal and impersonal “they/them”, abandoning the distinction). Another source (VT49:51) lists sa as the pl. impersonal form, but all other published sources use this pronoun for singular impersonal “it”, not pl. “they”. – The object “them” can also be expressed by the ending -t following another pronominal suffix (laituvalmet, “we shall bless [or praise] them", LotR:989 cf Letters:308). Presumably this ending -t makes no distinction between personal and impersonal forms. – Quenya also possesses special dual forms of “they, them”, used where only two persons or things are referred to (none of these pronouns distinguish between personal and impersonal forms). In VT49:16, the old ending for dual “they” is given as -stë (marked as archaic or poetic), but this would clash with the corresponding 2nd person ending. According to VT49:51, this ending was changed (also within the imaginary world) from -stë to -ttë, which seems the better alternative (*carittë, “the two of them do”). The independent dual pronoun is given as tú (ibid.) However, it may also be permissible to use te for “they, them” even where only two persons are involved (te is seemingly used with reference to Frodo and Sam in one of the examples above, laita te “bless them”). – Genitive forms, see THEIR; reflexive pronoun, see THEMSELVES.
См. также в других словарях:
ten to one — In all probability • • • Main Entry: ↑ten * * * very probably ten to one you ll never find out who did this * * * ten to one informal : very likely Ten to one they ll lose. [=I think they ll almost certainly lose] • • • Main … Useful english dictionary
ten\ to\ one — • ten to one • two to one adv or adj. phr. informal Almost certainly, nearly sure to be true; very likely to happen. Ten to one it will rain tomorrow. It is ten; to one that Bill will be late … Словарь американских идиом
Ten to one — ten of one (i.e., one as in one o clock) … Dictionary of Australian slang
ten to one — ► ten to one very probably. Main Entry: ↑ten … English terms dictionary
ten to one — or[two to one] {adv.} or {adj. phr.}, {informal} Almost certainly, nearly sure to be true; very likely to happen. * /Ten to one it will rain tomorrow./ * /It is ten; to one that Bill will be late./ … Dictionary of American idioms
ten to one — or[two to one] {adv.} or {adj. phr.}, {informal} Almost certainly, nearly sure to be true; very likely to happen. * /Ten to one it will rain tomorrow./ * /It is ten; to one that Bill will be late./ … Dictionary of American idioms
ten to one — Australian Slang ten of one (i.e., one as in one o clock) … English dialects glossary
ten to one — used for saying that something is very likely Ten to one it belongs to her … English dictionary
Ten on One (The Singles) — Álbum recopilatorio de Sandra Publicación Octubre de 1987 Grabación Enero 1985 Agosto 1987 Data Alpha Studio, Múnich Género(s) Synth pop … Wikipedia Español
Ten on One — The Singles — Альбом Сандры Дата выпуска Октябрь 1987 Жанр Поп музыка Длительность 42:20 (10 треков) Продюсер Мишель Крету … Википедия
Ten on One (The Singles) — Сборник Сандры Дата выпуска октябрь 1987 … Википедия
