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81 technicality
(a) (technical nature) technicité f(b) (formal detail) détail m ou considération f (d'ordre) technique; (technical term) terme m technique;∎ it's only a technicality ce n'est qu'un détail technique;∎ Law to lose one's case on a technicality perdre un procès pour vice de formeUn panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > technicality
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82 Westinghouse, George
[br]b. 6 October 1846 Central Bridge, New York, USAd. 12 March 1914 New York, New York, USA[br]American inventor and entrepreneur, pioneer of air brakes for railways and alternating-current distribution of electricity.[br]George Westinghouse's father was an ingenious manufacturer of agricultural implements; the son, after a spell in the Union Army during the Civil War, and subsequently in the Navy as an engineer, went to work for his father. He invented a rotary steam engine, which proved impracticable; a rerailing device for railway rolling stock in 1865; and a cast-steel frog for railway points, with longer life than the cast-iron frogs then used, in 1868–9. During the same period Westinghouse, like many other inventors, was considering how best to meet the evident need for a continuous brake for trains, i.e. one by which the driver could apply the brakes on all vehicles in a train simultaneously instead of relying on brakesmen on individual vehicles. By chance he encountered a magazine article about the construction of the Mont Cenis Tunnel, with a description of the pneumatic tools invented for it, and from this it occurred to him that compressed air might be used to operate the brakes along a train.The first prototype was ready in 1869 and the Westinghouse Air Brake Company was set up to manufacture it. However, despite impressive demonstration of the brake's powers when it saved the test train from otherwise certain collision with a horse-drawn dray on a level crossing, railways were at first slow to adopt it. Then in 1872 Westinghouse added to it the triple valve, which enabled the train pipe to charge reservoirs beneath each vehicle, from which the compressed air would apply the brakes when pressure in the train pipe was reduced. This meant that the brake was now automatic: if a train became divided, the brakes on both parts would be applied. From then on, more and more American railways adopted the Westinghouse brake and the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893 made air brakes compulsory in the USA. Air brakes were also adopted in most other parts of the world, although only a minority of British railway companies took them up, the remainder, with insular reluctance, preferring the less effective vacuum brake.From 1880 Westinghouse was purchasing patents relating to means of interlocking railway signals and points; he combined them with his own inventions to produce a complete signalling system. The first really practical power signalling scheme, installed in the USA by Westinghouse in 1884, was operated pneumatically, but the development of railway signalling required an awareness of the powers of electricity, and it was probably this that first led Westinghouse to become interested in electrical processes and inventions. The Westinghouse Electric Company was formed in 1886: it pioneered the use of electricity distribution systems using high-voltage single-phase alternating current, which it developed from European practice. Initially this was violently opposed by established operators of direct-current distribution systems, but eventually the use of alternating current became widespread.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLégion d'honneur. Order of the Crown of Italy. Order of Leopold.BibliographyWestinghouse took out some 400 patents over forty-eight years.Further ReadingH.G.Prout, 1922, A Life of "George Westinghouse", London (biography inclined towards technicalities).F.E.Leupp, 1918, George Westinghouse: His Life and Achievements, Boston (London 1919) (biography inclined towards Westinghouse and his career).J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 152–4.PJGR -
83 ad hoc reporting
A reporting system that enables end users to run queries and create custom reports without having to know the technicalities of the underlying database schema and query syntax. -
84 technicality
/'tekni'kæliti/ * danh từ - chi tiết kỹ thuật, chi tiết chuyên môn =building technicalities+ những chi tiết chuyên môn về xây dựng - thuật ngữ chuyên môn - sự phân biệt về chuyên môn - tính chất kỹ thuật, tính chất chuyên môn
См. также в других словарях:
Technicalities — Technicality Tech ni*cal i*ty, n.; pl. {Technicalities}. 1. The quality or state of being technical; technicalness. [1913 Webster] 2. That which is technical, or peculiar to any trade, profession, sect, or the like. [1913 Webster] The… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
technicalities — tech·ni·cal·i·ty || ‚teknɪ kælÉ™tɪ n. technical detail, something that is technical; detail meaningful only to a specialist … English contemporary dictionary
technicalities — details of theory or practice within a particular field. → technicality … English new terms dictionary
Now, as always, the conflict over technicalities — Now, as always, the conflict over technicalities, mostly procedural, between judge and lawyers, takes more time than is occupied by the actual evidence. Now, as always, the conflict over technicalities Harold J. Laski Nolo’s Plain English Law… … Law dictionary
Wrong must not win by technicalities. — Wrong must not win by technicalities. Aeschylus, Eumenides Nolo’s Plain English Law Dictionary. Gerald N. Hill, Kathleen Thompson Hill. 2009 … Law dictionary
popularized technicalities — This was Fowler s term (1926) for technical terms that are adopted into general use, and the one he named as being then most in vogue was acid test. Some popularizations (e.g. leading question) involve a change in meaning and are therefore… … Modern English usage
Legal technicality — The term legal technicality is a casual or colloquial phrase referring to a technical aspect of law. The phrase is not a term of art in the law; it has no exact meaning, nor does it have a legal definition. The words legal technicality are often… … Wikipedia
technicality — tech|ni|cal|i|ty [ˌteknıˈkælıti] n plural technicalities 1.) technicalities [plural] the small details of how to do something or how a system or process works technicalities of ▪ I don t really want to get into discussing the technicalities of… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Henriette Avram — Henriette Davidson Avram (October 7 1919 April 22 2006) was a computer programmer and systems analyst who developed the MARC format (Machine Readable Cataloging), which is the national and international data standard for bibliographic and… … Wikipedia
Henriette Avram — Henriette Davidson Avram, née le 7 octobre 1919 et morte le 22 avril 2006, était une ingénieure informaticienne, programmatrice et analyste système américaine, qui est à l origine des formats MARC, qui constituent les normes… … Wikipédia en Français
technicality — [[t]te̱knɪkæ̱lɪti[/t]] technicalities 1) N PLURAL: usu N of n The technicalities of a process or activity are the detailed methods used to do it or to carry it out. ...the technicalities of classroom teaching. 2) N COUNT A technicality is a point … English dictionary
