Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

technical+design

  • 81 Issigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine (Alec)

    [br]
    b. 18 November 1906 Smyrna (now Izmir), Turkey
    d. 2 October 1988 Birmingham, England
    [br]
    British automobile designer whose work included the Morris Minor and the Mini series.
    [br]
    His father was of Greek descent but was a naturalized British subject in Turkey who ran a marine engineering business. After the First World War, the British in Turkey were evacuated by the Royal Navy, the Issigonis family among them. His father died en route in Malta, but the rest of the family arrived in England in 1922. Alec studied engineering at Battersea Polytechnic for three years and in 1928 was employed as a draughtsman by a firm of consulting engineers in Victoria Street who were working on a form of automatic transmission. He had occasion to travel frequently in the Midlands at this time and visited many factories in the automobile industry. He was offered a job in the drawing office at Humber and lived for a couple of years in Kenilworth. While there he met Robert Boyle, Chief Engineer of Morris Motors (see Morris, William Richard), who offered him a job at Cowley. There he worked at first on the design of independent front suspension. At Morris Motors, he designed the Morris Minor, which entered production in 1948 and continued to be manufactured until 1971. Issigonis disliked mergers, and after the merger of Morris with Austin to form the British Motor Corporation (BMC) he left to join Alvis in 1952. The car he designed there, a V8 saloon, was built as a prototype but was never put into production. Following his return to BMC to become Technical Director in 1955, his most celebrated design was the Mini series, which entered production in 1959. This was a radically new concept: it was unique for its combination of a transversely mounted engine in unit with the gearbox, front wheel drive and rubber suspension system. This suspension system, designed in cooperation with Alex Moulton, was also a fundamental innovation, developed from the system designed by Moulton for the earlier Alvis prototype. Issigonis remained as Technical Director of BMC until his retirement.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Peter King, 1989, The Motor Men. Pioneers of the British Motor Industry, London: Quiller Press.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Issigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine (Alec)

  • 82 технорабочий проект

    1) Construction: detail design, detailed design

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > технорабочий проект

  • 83 gráfico

    adj.
    graphic, graphical, pictorial.
    m.
    graphic, graph, diagram, chart.
    * * *
    1 graphic
    2 figurado (vívido) vivid, graphic
    1 (dibujo) sketch, chart
    \
    artes gráficas graphic arts
    ————————
    1 (dibujo) sketch, chart
    * * *
    1. noun m.
    1) graph, chart
    2. (f. - gráfica)
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [diseño, artes] graphic

    información gráfica — photographs pl, pictures pl

    2) [descripción, relato] graphic
    2. SM
    1) (=diagrama) chart; (Mat) graph

    gráfico de sectores, gráfico de tarta — pie chart

    2) pl gráficos (Inform) graphics
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    a) (Art, Impr) graphic
    b) <relato/narración> graphic; < gesto> expressive
    II
    a) (Mat) graph
    b) (Inf) graphic
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    a) (Art, Impr) graphic
    b) <relato/narración> graphic; < gesto> expressive
    II
    a) (Mat) graph
    b) (Inf) graphic
    * * *
    gráfico1
    1 = graphic.
    Nota: Un gráfico es una representación bidimensional opaca (ej., una fotografía o un dibujo técnico) o para ser proyectada (ej., una filmina).

    Ex: A graphic is a two-dimensional representation whether opaque (e.g., art originals and reproductions, flash cards, photographs, technical drawings) or intended to be viewed, or projected, without motion, by means of an optical device (e.g., filmstrips, stereographs, slides).

    * gráfico animado = motion graphic.
    * gráfico de flechas = arrowgraph.
    * gráfico de tarta = pie chart.
    * gráfico en movimiento = animated graphic.
    * gráfico en vídeo = video graphic.
    * gráfico fijo = still graphic.
    * graficos en movimiento = animated media.
    * gráficos por ordenador = computer graphics.
    * interfaz por medio de gráficos = graphics interfacing.
    * menú de herramientas para trabajar con gráficos = tool palette.
    * tarjeta de gráficos = graphics card.

    gráfico2
    2 = diagrammatic, graphic, pictorial, figurative, graphical, representational.

    Ex: Diagrammatic presentation of the layout of the collection conveniently placed, for example, near the entrance.

    Ex: In addition, 10 non-bibliographic CD-ROMs, containing full-text, numeric or graphic data, were acquired and evaluated.
    Ex: Forms of symbol used for presentation are: 1 language, eg Arabic; 2 mathematical, eg. graphs, formulae; 3 pictorial, eg drawings.
    Ex: The system, called 'T-Search', includes not only automatic phonetic searching but also capabilities of full text search and couples them with the capability to search the figurative elements of trademarks.
    Ex: There are learning advantages in using a graphical rather than a linear approach to the presentation of material in information systems.
    Ex: 'Data base' is a term referring to machine-readable collections of information, whether numerical, representational or bibliographic.
    * alfabetización gráfica = graphic literacy.
    * artes gráficas, las = graphic arts, the.
    * capacidad de interpretar información gráfica = graphic literacy.
    * diseñador gráfico = graphic artist, graphic designer.
    * diseño gráfico = graphic design.
    * ecualizador gráfico = graphic equaliser.
    * GUI (Interfaze Gráfico de Usuario) = GUI (Graphic User Interface).
    * guión gráfico = storyboard.
    * historieta gráfica = cartoon.
    * interfaz gráfico de consulta imprecisa = graphical browser.
    * material gráfico = graphic material.
    * presentación gráfica de términos permutados = permuted display.
    * representación gráfica = graphic display.
    * taller gráfico = printing company, printing press, printing firm, printing house.

    * * *
    gráfico1 -ca
    1 ( Art, Impr) graphic
    talleres gráficos Anaya Anaya press, Anaya printing house
    2 ‹relato/narración› graphic; ‹gesto› expressive
    1 ( Mat) graph
    2 ( Inf) graphic
    Compuestos:
    bar chart
    ● gráfico por computadora or ( Esp) ordenador
    computer graphic
    gráfico3 -ca
    masculine, feminine
    ( RPl) printer
    * * *

     

    gráfico 1
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    graphic;

    ‹ gesto› expressive
    gráfico 2 sustantivo masculino
    a) (Mat) graph

    b) (Inf) graphic

    gráfico,-a
    I adjetivo graphic
    diseño gráfico, graphic design
    gráfico de tarta, pie chart
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino graph
    ' gráfico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cuadro
    - gráfica
    - humorista
    - reportaje
    - periodista
    - pico
    - reportero
    - tabla
    English:
    apostrophe
    - artwork
    - bar chart
    - chart
    - diagram
    - graph
    - graphic
    - graphic account
    - graphic design
    - graphic designer
    - photojournalism
    - pie chart
    - square
    - storyboard
    - vivid
    - ball
    - cartoon
    - graphics
    - press
    - wall
    * * *
    gráfico, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [de la imprenta] graphic;
    artes gráficas graphic arts
    2. [con signos, dibujos] graphic;
    diseño gráfico graphic design
    3. [con imágenes] graphic;
    un reportaje gráfico a photo story, an illustrated feature;
    un reportero gráfico a press photographer
    4. [expresivo, claro] graphic;
    hizo un gesto muy gráfico he made a very expressive gesture;
    lo explicó de una manera muy gráfica she explained it very graphically
    ♦ nm
    [figura] graph, chart; [dibujo] diagram gráfico de barras bar chart;
    gráfico circular pie chart;
    Am gráficos de computadora computer graphics; Esp gráficos de ordenador computer graphics;
    gráficos para presentaciones presentation o business graphics;
    gráfico de tarta pie chart;
    gráficos vectoriales vector graphics
    ♦ nm,f
    RP printer
    * * *
    I adj graphic;
    artes gráficas graphic arts
    II m
    1 MAT graph
    2 INFOR graphic
    * * *
    gráfico, -ca adj
    : graphic
    1) : graph, chart
    2) : graphic (for a computer, etc.)
    3)
    gráfico de barras : bar graph
    * * *
    gráfico1 adj graphic
    gráfico2 n graph

    Spanish-English dictionary > gráfico

  • 84 Kapp, Gisbert Johann Eduard Karl

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 2 September 1852 Mauer, Vienna, Austria
    d. 10 August 1922 Birmingham, England
    [br]
    Austrian (naturalized British in 1881) engineer and a pioneer of dynamo design, being particularly associated with the concept of the magnetic circuit.
    [br]
    Kapp entered the Polytechnic School in Zurich in 1869 and gained a mechanical engineering diploma. He became a member of the engineering staff at the Vienna International Exhibition of 1873, and then spent some time in the Austrian navy before entering the service of Gwynne \& Co. of London, where he designed centrifugal pumps and gas exhausters. Kapp resolved to become an electrical engineer after a visit to the Paris Electrical Exhibition of 1881 and in the following year was appointed Manager of the Crompton Co. works at Chelmsford. There he developed and patented the dynamo with compound field winding. Also at that time, with Crompton, he patented electrical measuring instruments with over-saturated electromagnets. He became a naturalized British subject in 1881.
    In 1886 Kapp's most influential paper was published. This described his concept of the magnetic circuit, providing for the first time a sound theoretical basis for dynamo design. The theory was also developed independently by J. Hopkinson. After commencing practice as a consulting engineer in 1884 he carried out design work on dynamos and also electricity-supply and -traction schemes in Germany, Italy, Norway, Russia and Switzerland. From 1891 to 1894 much of his time was spent designing a new generating station in Bristol, officially as Assistant to W.H. Preece. There followed an appointment in Germany as General Secretary of the Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker. For some years he edited the Electrotechnische Zeitschrift and was also a part-time lecturer at the Charlottenberg Technical High School in Berlin. In 1904 Kapp was invited to accept the new Chair of Electrical Engineering at the University of Birmingham, which he occupied until 1919. He was the author of several books on electrical machine and transformer design.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Institution of Civil Engineers Telford Medal 1886 and 1888. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1909.
    Bibliography
    10 October 1882, with R.E.B.Crompton, British patent no. 4,810; (the compound wound dynamo).
    1886, "Modern continuous current dynamo electric machines and their engines", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 83: 123–54.
    Further Reading
    D.G.Tucker, 1989, "A new archive of Gisbert Kapp papers", Proceedings of the Meeting on History of Electrical Engineering, IEE 4/1–4/11 (a transcript of an autobiography for his family).
    D.G.Tucker, 1973, Gisbert Kapp 1852–1922, Birmingham: Birmingham University (includes a bibliography of his most important publications).
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Kapp, Gisbert Johann Eduard Karl

  • 85 технічний

    технічний нагляд — engineering follow up, test authority

    технічний огляд — checkup, check, overhaul, inspection

    технічний персонал — technical personnel, operating personnel

    3) спорт. highly skilled ( qualified)

    Українсько-англійський словник > технічний

  • 86 Ayrton, William Edward

    [br]
    b. 14 September 1847 London, England
    d. 8 November 1908 London, England
    [br]
    English physicist, inventor and pioneer in technical education.
    [br]
    After graduating from University College, London, Ayrton became for a short time a pupil of Sir William Thomson in Glasgow. For five years he was employed in the Indian Telegraph Service, eventually as Superintendent, where he assisted in revolutionizing the system, devising methods of fault detection and elimination. In 1873 he was invited by the Japanese Government to assist as Professor of Physics and Telegraphy in founding the Imperial College of Engineering in Tokyo. There he created a teaching laboratory that served as a model for those he was later to organize in England and which were copied elsewhere. It was in Tokyo that his joint researches with Professor John Perry began, an association that continued after their return to England. In 1879 he became Professor of Technical Physics at the City and Guilds Institute in Finsbury, London, and later was appointed Professor of Physics at the Central Institution in South Kensington.
    The inventions of Avrton and Perrv included an electric tricycle in 1882, the first practicable portable ammeter and other electrical measuring instruments. By 1890, when the research partnership ended, they had published nearly seventy papers in their joint names, the emphasis being on a mathematical treatment of subjects including electric motor design, construction of electrical measuring instruments, thermodynamics and the economical use of electric conductors. Ayrton was then employed as a consulting engineer by government departments and acted as an expert witness in many important patent cases.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1881. President, Physical Society 1890–2. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1892. Royal Society Royal Medal 1901.
    Bibliography
    28 April 1883, British patent no. 2,156 (Ayrton and Perry's ammeter and voltmeter). 1887, Practical Electricity, London (based on his early laboratory courses; 7 edns followed during his lifetime).
    1892, "Electrotechnics", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 21, 5–36 (for a survey of technical education).
    Further Reading
    D.W.Jordan, 1985, "The cry for useless knowledge: education for a new Victorian technology", Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 132 (Part A): 587– 601.
    G.Gooday, 1991, History of Technology, 13: 73–111 (for an account of Ayrton and the teaching laboratory).
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Ayrton, William Edward

  • 87 Maybach, Wilhelm

    [br]
    b. 9 February 1846 Heilbronn, Württemberg, Germany
    d. 14 December 1929 Stuttgart, Germany
    [br]
    German engineer and engine designer, inventor of the spray carburettor.
    [br]
    Orphaned at the age of 10, Maybach was destined to become one of the world's most renowned engine designers. From 1868 he was apprenticed as a draughtsman at the Briiderhaus Engineering Works in Reurlingen, where his talents were recognized by Gottlieb Daimler, who was Manager and Technical Director. Nikolaus Otto had by then developed his atmospheric engine and reorganized his company, Otto \& Langen, into Gasmotorenfabrik Deutz, of which he appointed Daimler Manager. After employment at a machine builders in Karlsruhe, in 1872 Maybach followed Daimler to Deutz where he worked as a partner on the design of high-speed engines: his engines ran at up to 900 rpm, some three times as fast as conventional engines of the time. Maybach made improvements to the timing, carburation and other features. In 1881 Daimler left the Deutz Company and set up on his own as a freelance inventor, moving with his family to Bad Cannstatt; in April 1882 Maybach joined him as Engineer and Designer to set up a partnership to develop lightweight high-speed engines suitable for vehicles. A motor cycle appeared in 1885 and a modified horse-drawn carriage was fitted with a Maybach engine in 1886. Other applications to small boats, fire-engine pumps and small locomotives quickly followed, and the Vee engine of 1890 that was fitted into the French Peugeot automobiles had a profound effect upon the new sport of motor racing. In 1895 Daimler won the first international motor race and the same year Maybach became Technical Director of the Daimler firm. In 1899 Emil Jellinek, Daimler agent in France and also Austro-Hungarian consul, required a car to compete with Panhard and Levassor, who had been victorious in the Paris-Bordeaux race; he wanted more power and a lower centre of gravity, and turned to Maybach with his requirements, the 35 hp Daimler- Simplex of 1901 being the outcome. Its performance and road holding superseded those of all others at the time; it was so successful that Jellinek immediately placed an order for thirty-six cars. His daughter's name was Mercedes, after whom, when the merger of Daimler and Benz came about, the name Mercedes-Benz was adopted.
    In his later years, Maybach designed the engine for the Zeppelin airships. He retired from the Daimler Company in 1907.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Society of German Engineers Grashof Medal (its highest honour). In addition to numerous medals and titles from technical institutions, Maybach was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Stuttgart Institute of Technology.
    Further Reading
    F.Schidberger, Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach and Karl Benz, Stuttgart: Daimler Benz AG.
    1961, The Annals of Mercedes-Benz Motor Vehicles and Engines, 2nd edn, Stuttgart: Daimler Benz AG.
    E.Johnson, 1986, The Dawn of Motoring.
    KAB / IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Maybach, Wilhelm

  • 88 Stuart, Herbert Akroyd

    [br]
    b. 1864 Halifax, England
    d. 1927 Perth, Australia
    [br]
    English inventor of an oil internal-combustion engine.
    [br]
    Stuart's involvement with engines covered a period of less than ten years and was concerned with a means of vaporizing the heavier oils for use in the so-called oil engines. Leaving his native Yorkshire for Bletchley in Buckinghamshire, Stuart worked in his father's business, the Bletchley Iron and Tin Plate works. After finishing grammar school, he worked as an assistant in the Mechanical Engineering Department of the City and Guilds of London Technical College. He also formed a connection with the Finsbury Technical College, where he became acquainted with Professor William Robinson, a distinguished engineer eminent in the field of internal-combustion engines.
    Resuming work at Bletchley, Stuart carried out experiments with engines. His first patent was concerned with new methods of vaporizing the fuel, scavenging systems and improvement of speed control. Two further patents, in 1890, specified substantial improvements and formed the basis of later engine designs. In 1891 Stuart joined forces with R.Hornsby and Sons of Grantham, a firm founded in 1815 for the manufacture of machinery and steam engines. Hornsby acquired all rights to Stuart's engine patents, and their superior technical resources ensured substantial improvements to Stuart's early design. The Hornsby-Ackroyd engines, introduced in 1892, were highly successful and found wide acceptance, particularly in agriculture. With failing health, Stuart's interest in his engine work declined, and in 1899 he emigrated to Australia, where in 1903 he became a partner in importing gas engines and gas-producing plants. Following his death in 1927, under the terms of his will he was interred in England; sadly, he also requested that all papers and materials pertaining to his engines be destroyed.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    July 1886, British patent no. 9,866 (fuel vapourization methods, scavenging systems and improvement of speed control; the patent describes Stuart as Mechanical Engineer of Bletchley Iron Works).
    1890, British patent no. 7,146 and British patent no. 15,994 (describe a vaporizing chamber connected to the working cylinder by a small throat).
    Further Reading
    D.Clerk, 1895, The Gas and Oil Engine, 6th edn, London, pp. 420–6 (provides a detailed description of the Hornsby-Ackroyd engine and includes details of an engine test).
    T.Hornbuckle and A.K.Bruce, 1940, Herbert Akroyd Stuart and the Development of the Heavy Oil Engine, London: Diesel Engine Users'Association, p. 1.
    KAB

    Biographical history of technology > Stuart, Herbert Akroyd

  • 89 Watts, Philip

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 30 May 1846 Portsmouth, England
    d. 15 March 1926 probably London, England
    [br]
    English naval architect, shipbuilding manager and ultimately Director of Naval Construction.
    [br]
    Since he had a long family connection with the naval base at Portsmouth, it is not surprising that Watts started to serve his apprenticeship there in 1860. He was singled out for advanced training and then in 1866 was one of three young men selected to attend the Royal School of Naval Architecture at South Kensington in London. On completing his training he joined the technical staff, then had a period as a ship overseer before going to assist William Froude for two years, an arrangement which led to a close friendship between Watts and the two Froudes. Some interesting tasks followed: the calculations for HM Armoured Ram Polyphemus; the setting up of a "calculating" section within the Admiralty; and then work as a constructor at Chatham Dockyard. In 1885 the first major change of direction took place: Watts resigned from naval service to take the post of General Manager of the Elswick shipyard of Sir W.G.Armstrong. This was a wonderful opportunity for an enthusiastic and highly qualified man, and Watts rose to the challenge. Elswick produced some of the finest warships at the end of the nineteenth century and its cruisers, such as the Esmeralda of the Chilean Navy, had a legendary name.
    In 1902 he was recalled to the Navy to succeed Sir William White as Director of Naval Construction (DNC). This was one of the most exciting times ever in warship design and it was during Watts's tenure of the post that the Dreadnought class of battleship was produced, the submarine service was developed and the destroyer fleet reached high levels of performance. It has been said that Watts's distinct achievements as DNC were greater armament per ton displacement, higher speeds and better manoeuvring, greater protection and, almost as important, elegance of appearance. Watt retired in 1912 but remained a consultant to the Admiralty until 1916, and then joined the board of Armstrong Whitworth, on which he served until his death.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1905. FRS 1900. Chairman, Board of Trade's Load Line Committee 1913. Vice-President, Society for Nautical Research (upon its founding), and finally Chairman for the Victory preservation and technical committee. Honorary Vice-President, Institution of Naval Architects 1916. Master of the Worshipful Company of Shipwrights 1915.
    Bibliography
    Watts produced many high-quality technical papers, including ten papers to the Institution of Naval Architects.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Watts, Philip

  • 90 ИТП

    5) oil&gas: ( сокр. от) индивидуальный технический проект (на строительство скважины) = individual engineering design, individual front end design (for constuction of well)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ИТП

  • 91 внешнее оформление

    1) General subject: package
    2) Engineering: exterior design
    3) Mathematics: face lift
    4) Law: get-up
    5) Polygraphy: technical makeup
    6) Advertising: external design, styling
    8) Electrical engineering: design

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > внешнее оформление

  • 92 рабочая документация

    1) General subject: detailed design (РД)
    2) Engineering: working documentation
    4) Accounting: work papers
    5) Information technology: engineering documentation
    7) Power engineering: detailed design documentation

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > рабочая документация

  • 93 Zeichnung

    Zeichnung f 1. GEN design, drawing, signature, signing; 2. RW subscription; 3. VERSICH underwriting • zur Zeichnung auflegen BÖRSE, FIN invite subscriptions, offer for subscription • zur Zeichnung aufliegen BÖRSE, FIN be offered for subscription
    * * *
    f 1. < Geschäft> design, drawing, signature, signing; 2. < Rechnung> subscription; 3. < Versich> underwriting
    * * *
    Zeichnung
    (Aktien) application (Br.), (Entwurf) device, (Kapital) subscription, (Skizze) sketch, drawing, design;
    • zur Zeichnung aufgelegt open for subscription;
    • bedeutende Zeichnungen important sums subscribed;
    • maßstabsgerechte (maßstabsgetreue) Zeichnung protraction, scale drawing;
    • öffentliche Zeichnung issue to the public;
    • produktionsreife Zeichnung finished art work;
    • schematische Zeichnung skeleton sketch;
    • technische Zeichnung technical drawing;
    • Zeichnung von Kapitalanteilen capital stock subscription;
    • Öffentlichkeit zur Zeichnung von Aktien auffordern to invite applications for shares (Br.);
    • Öffentlichkeit zur Zeichnung einer Anleihe auffordern to invite the public to subscribe to a loan, to offer a loan for subscription to the public;
    • Anleihe zur Zeichnung auflegen to bring out (invite tenders for) a loan;
    • zur Zeichnung aufliegen to be offered (open) for subscription;
    • bei Zeichnung voll einzahlen to pay fully by subscription;
    • Zeichnung schließen to close a subscription.

    Business german-english dictionary > Zeichnung

  • 94 Konstruktionsänderung

    Konstruktionsänderung
    change in design;
    • Konstruktionsbüro drawing (Br.) (drafting) office, drafting room (US), technical bureau, engineering (designing) department;
    • ins Konstruktionsbüro zurück back to the drawing board;
    • zehn Jahre für den Weg vom Konstruktionsbüro über die Ausführung zur Inbetriebnahme benötigen to take ten years from the drawing board to construction and into operation;
    • Konstruktionsdaten design data;
    • neue Konstruktionselemente beinhalten to embody new features;
    • Konstruktionsentwurf engineering design;
    • Konstruktionsfehler fault of construction, structural defect (error), (Maschine) constructional defect (error), defect in machinery, fault in the construction of a machine, flaw;
    • Konstruktionsfirma engineering firm (shop);
    • Konstruktionskosten cost of construction, engineering charges;
    • Konstruktionsmerkmale constructive features;
    • Konstruktionsnorm code of construction;
    • Konstruktionsplan erection scheme.

    Business german-english dictionary > Konstruktionsänderung

  • 95 Aubert, Jean

    SUBJECT AREA: Canals, Civil engineering
    [br]
    b. 7 February 1894 Paris, France
    d. 25 November 1984 Paris, France
    [br]
    French civil engineer.
    [br]
    Aubert was educated at the Lycée Louis-leGrand in Paris, and entered the Ecole Polytechnique in 1913. His studies were interrupted by the First World War, when he served as an artillery officer, being wounded twice and awarded the Croix de Guerre in 1916. He returned to the Ecole Polytechnique in 1919, and from 1920 to 1922 he attended the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées; he graduated as Bachelor of Law from the University of Paris.
    In 1922 he began his long career, devoted principally to river and canal works. He was engineer in charge of the navigation works in Paris until 1932; he was then appointed Professor in the Chair of Internal Navigation at the Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées, a post he held until his retirement in 1961. From 1933 to 1945 he was general manager and later chairman of the Compagnie Nationale du Rhône; from 1945 to 1953, chairman of the electricity board of the Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer français; and from 1949 to 1967, chairman of the Rhine Navigation Company. Following his retirement, he was chairman of the Société des Constructions des Batignolles, and from 1966 consulting engineer and honorary chairman of SPIE Batignolles; he was also chairman of several other companies.
    In 1919 he published La Probabilité dans les tires de guerre, for which he was awarded the Pierson-Perrim prize by the Académie des Sciences in 1922. During his career he wrote numerous articles and papers on technical and economic subjects, his last, entitled "Philosophic de la pente d'eau", appearing in the journal Travaux in 1984 when he was ninety years old.
    Aubert's principal works included the construction of the Pont Edouard-Herriort on the Rhône at Lyon; the design and construction of the Génissiat and Lonzères-Mondragon dams on the Rhône; and the conception and design of the Denouval dam on the Seine near Andresy, completed in 1980. He was awarded the Caméré prize in 1934 by the Académie des Sciences for a new type of movable dam. Overseas governments and the United Nations consulted him on river navigation inter alia in Brazil, on the Mahanadi river in India, on the Konkomé river in Guinea, on the Vistula river in Poland, on the Paraguay river in South America and others.
    In 1961 he published his revolutionary ideas on the pente d'eau, or "water slope", which was designed to eliminate delays and loss of water in transferring barges from one level to another, without the use of locks. This design consisted of a sloping flume or channel through which a wedge of water, in which the barge was floating, was pushed by a powered unit. A prototype at Mon tech on the Canal Latéral at La Garonne, bypassing five locks, was opened in 1973. A second was opened in 1984 on the Canal du Midi at Fonserannes, near Béziers.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Croix de Guerre 1916. Académie des Sciences: Prix Pierson-Perrim 1922, Prix Caméré 1934. Ingénieur Général des Ponts et Chaussées 1951. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur 1960.
    Further Reading
    David Tew, 1984, Canal Inclines and Lifts, Gloucester: Alan Sutton.
    JHB

    Biographical history of technology > Aubert, Jean

  • 96 Strachey, Christopher

    [br]
    b. 16 November 1916 England
    d. 18 May 1975 Oxford, England
    [br]
    English physicist and computer engineer who proposed time-sharing as a more efficient means of using a mainframe computer.
    [br]
    After education at Gresham's School, London, Strachey went to King's College, Cambridge, where he completed an MA. In 1937 he took up a post as a physicist at the Standard Telephone and Cable Company, then during the Second World War he was involved in radar research. In 1944 he became an assistant master at St Edmunds School, Canterbury, moving to Harrow School in 1948. Another change of career in 1951 saw him working as a Technical Officer with the National Research and Development Corporation, where he was involved in computer software and hardware design. From 1958 until 1962 he was an independent consultant in computer design, and during this time (1959) he realized that as mainframe computers were by then much faster than their human operators, their efficiency could be significantly increased by "time-sharing" the tasks of several operators in rapid succession. Strachey made many contributions to computer technology, being variously involved in the design of the Manchester University MkI, Elliot and Ferranti Pegasus computers. In 1962 he joined Cambridge University Mathematics Laboratory as a senior research fellow at Churchill College and helped to develop the programming language CPL. After a brief period as Visiting Lecturer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he returned to the UK in 1966 as Reader in Computation and Fellow of Wolfeon College, Oxford, to establish a programming research group. He remained there until his death.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society 1972.
    Bibliography
    1961, with M.R.Wilkes, "Some proposals for improving the efficiency of Algol 60", Communications of the ACM 4:488.
    1966, "Systems analysis and programming", Scientific American 25:112. 1976, with R.E.Milne, A Theory of Programming Language Semantics.
    Further Reading
    J.Alton, 1980, Catalogue of the Papers of C. Strachey 1916–1975.
    M.Campbell-Kelly, 1985, "Christopher Strachey 1916–1975. A biographical note", Annals of the History of Computing 7:19.
    M.R.Williams, 1985, A History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Strachey, Christopher

  • 97 принцип

    principle, concept
    принцип работы — operating principle, operating concept

    Поставки машин и оборудования. Русско-английский словарь > принцип

  • 98 НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги

    1. internal arc-proof switchgear and controlgear assemblу
    2. arc-resistant switchgear
    3. arc-proof switchgear
    4. arc-proof switchboard
    5. arc-proof low voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly

     

    НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги
    комплектное устройство с защитой от электрической дуги
    низковольтное комплектное устройство с защитой от электрической дуги
    НКУ распределения и управления с защитой от электрической дуги
    -
    [Интент]

    EN

    arc-resistant switchgear
    A type of switchgear design which is designed to withstand the effects of an internal arcing fault, without causing harm to personnel who are located in defined areas. It is not intended to withstand these internal arcing fault without possibly causing physical damage to the structure and/or components, but often the physical damage is less with an arc-resistant design.

    There are three classes of protection:
    Type A - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front of the switchgear during an internal arcing fault,
    Type B - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front and sides of the switchgear during an internal arcing fault,
    Type C - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front and sides of the switchgear, from between compartments within the same cell, and between adjacent cells during an internal arcing fault.

    Arc-resistant switchgear has traditionally been metal-clad, but the basic concept could also be applied to other types of switchgear as well.

    arc-proof switchgear
    An incorrect term. Please refer to arc-resistant switchgear
    [Schneider Electric]
    [ http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/glossary-of-medium-voltage-switchgear-terms]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    If the electric arc occurs inside LV switchgear it generates internal overpressures and results in local overheatings which may cause high mechanical and thermal stresses in the equipment.

    Besides, the involved materials can generate hot decomposition products, gases or fumes, which, due to the overpressure, are almost always ejected to the outside of the enclosure thus jeopardizing the operator safety.

    The European Directive 2006/95/EC states the fundamental safety requirements for low voltage electric materials (from 50 V to 1000 V in alternating current, from 75 V to 1500 V in continuos current) to be put on the market within the European Community.

    Among the essential safety requirements defined by this Directive particular importance is given to the need of taking technical measures to prevent “temperature rises, electric arcs or radiations which may result in hazards” from occurring.

    This aspect has always been highly considered for apparatus, but it has been wrongly neglected for electrical switchgear and only in the last 10-15 years it has been catching on both at Italian as well as at international level.

    Safety for the operator and for the installation in case of arcing inside LV switchgear can be obtained through three different design philosophies:
    1. assemblies mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc (passive protection)
    2. assemblies equipped with devices limiting the effects of internal arcing (active protection)
    3. assemblies equipped with current limiting circuitbreakers.

    These three solutions (also combined together) have found a remakable development in the industrial field and have been successfully applied by the main manufacturers of LV switchgear and controlgear assemblies.

    As it can be seen hereafter by examining the first two solutions, an “active” protection against arc faults is intrinsecally more complex than a “passive” one.

    This because of the presence of additional electromechanical/ electronic devices5 which limit the arcing effects and which, by their nature, may be subject to faults or not-tripping.
    [ABB]

    Дуга, возникшая внутри НКУ, создает внутреннее избыточное давление и вызывает локальный перегрев, что может привести к воздействию на оборудование значительного механического напряжения и перепада температур.

    Кроме того, под воздействием дуги различные материалы разлагаются на продукты, имеющие высокую температуру, в том числе газы и дым, которые почти всегда вырываются из оболочки НКУ под высоким давлением, подвергая опасности оперативный персонал.

    Европейская директива 2006/95/EC определяет основные требования безопасности для низковольтного (от 50 до 1000 В переменного тока и от 75 до 1500 В постоянного тока) оборудования поставляемого на рынок Европейского Сообщества.

    Одно из основных требований безопасности, определяемое данной директивой как наиболее важное, заключается в необходимости предпринять технические меры для предотвращения "подъема температуры, возникновения электрической дуги или излучения", которые могут причинить ущерб.

    Данная проблема всегда учитывалась при создании различных аппаратов, но незаслуженно игнорировалась при разработке электрических комплектных устройств, и только в последние 10-15 лет ей стали уделять должное внимание как в Италии, так и во всем мире.

    При возникновении электрической дуги внутри НКУ безопасность оператора и электроустановки обеспечивается тремя способами:
    1. Конструкция НКУ должна выдерживать механические воздействия, возникающие при горении электрической дуги (пассивная защита).
    2. НКУ должно быть оснащено устройствами, ограничивающими воздействие электрической дуги (активная защита)
    3. НКУ должны быть оснащены токоограничивающими автоматическими выключателями.

    Указанные три способа (применяемые совместно) получили дальнейшее развитие в промышленности и успешно применяются основными изготовителями НКУ распределения и управления.

    Как будет показано далее при рассмотрении первых двух способов, активная защита от дуговых» неисправностей является более сложной, чем пассивная защита.

    Это объясняется необходимостью использования дополнительных электромеханических или электронных устройств, задачей которых является ограничение воздействий дуги и которые сами могут оказаться неисправными и не сработать.
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги

  • 99 предварительные технические требования

    2) Oil: PTR (preliminary technical requirements), preliminary technical requirements

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > предварительные технические требования

  • 100 техническая спецификация

    2) Railway term: design values

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > техническая спецификация

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • Technical Design Labs — was an early producer of personal computers. The company s Xitan had an S 100 bus and a Z 80 based CPU.The company was later renamed Xitan, in honor of its primary product.References* http://rwebs.net/micros/TDL/ Product brochure …   Wikipedia

  • Technical Design Advisor — A Technical Design Advisor is a role in Information technology, in which the person is charged with advising in technical aspects of design …   Wikipedia

  • Technical director — The Technical Director (TD) or Technical Producer (TP) is usually the most senior technical person within a Software Company, Theatrical company, or Film/Television Studio or agency. This person usually possesses the highest level of competence… …   Wikipedia

  • Technical architecture — is one of several architecture domains that form the pillars of an enterprise architecture or solution architecture. It describes the structure and behaviour of the technology infrastructure of an enterprise, solution or system. It covers the… …   Wikipedia

  • Design methods — is a broad area that focuses on: Divergence – Exploring possibilities and constraints of inherited situations by applying critical thinking through qualitative and quantitative research methods to create new understanding (problem space) toward… …   Wikipedia

  • Design for All (in ICT) — Design for All in the context of information technology is the conscious and systematic effort to proactively apply principles, methods and tools to promote universal design in computer related technologies, including internet based technologies …   Wikipedia

  • Design 1047 battlecruiser — A plan and profile of Nevesbu s Project 1047; it is not specified if this depicts the final design.[1] Class overview Name …   Wikipedia

  • Design by committee — is a term referring to a style of design and its resultant output when a group of entities comes together to produce something (often the design of technological systems or standards), particularly in the presence of poor leadership. The defining …   Wikipedia

  • Design thinking — refers to the methods and processes for investigating ill defined problems, acquiring information, analyzing knowledge, and positing solutions in the design and planning fields. As a style of thinking, it is generally considered the ability to… …   Wikipedia

  • Design and Technology — (DT) is a school subject offered at all levels of primary and secondary school. In some countries such as England it is a part of the National Curriculum. It is offered in many countries around the world such as Brunei, Bermuda, Singapore,… …   Wikipedia

  • Technical debt — (also known as design debt or code debt) are synonymous, neologistic metaphors referring to the eventual consequences of poor software architecture and software development within a codebase. Common causes of technical debt include (a combination …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»