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81 vendetta sf
[ven'detta]revenge, vengeanceprendersi una vendetta — to take one's revenge, wreak vengeance
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82 zem|sta
f sgt revenge, vengeance (za coś for sth)- dokonać na kimś zemsty to take (one’s) revenge on sb- wywarła zemstę na swoich wrogach she took revenge on her enemies- poprzysiąc komuś zemstę to swear vengeance a. to swear to take revenge on sb- żądza zemsty thirst for revenge- przez zemstę in revenge- wyrzuciła go z pracy, a on przez zemstę podpalił jej dom she had given him the sack, so in retaliation he set her house on fire■ zemsta jest rozkoszą bogów revenge is sweetThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > zem|sta
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83 vendetta
sf [ven'detta]revenge, vengeanceprendersi una vendetta — to take one's revenge, wreak vengeance
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84 stå
* * *I.:[ gå i stå] stop ( fx he stopped in the middle of a sentence; the watch(, clock) stopped; his heart stopped), come to a standstill ( fxproduction (, operations) came to a standstill), come to a stop,( langsomt) grind to a halt ( fx the train ground to a halt; when the strike began production ground to a halt);dried up in the middle of his speech);( om motor) stop, stall,T conk out, go on the blink;[ han er gået åndeligt i stå] he has come to a mental halt; he ispsychologically arrested;[ sætte i stå] stop, bring ( fx industry) to a standstill.II. vb (stod, stået)(= være) be ( fx there is a tree in front of the house);[ stå alene] be alone ( fx I was alone in the world);[ stå og], se ndf;[ som sagerne står] as matters stand;[ stå stille], se II. stille;[ uret står] the watch (, clock) has stopped;( finde sted) take place ( fx when will the marriage take place?), be (fx when is the marriage (to be)? there was a debate about it; there was a battle);[ brylluppet stod i domkirken] the wedding took place (, F: was solemnized) in the cathedral;[ brylluppet stod i London] the wedding took place (, F: was celebrated) in London;( også) a battle was fought;[ der står at...](i brev etc) it says that...;[ det står 3-2]( om sportskamp) the score is 3-2;[ det står hos Byron, det står i avisen], se ndf;[ med vb:][ sagen står og falder med...] the case stands or falls with...; the case hangs on...;[ det hele står og falder med ham] it all depends on him; he is the kingpin of the whole undertaking;[ kom som du står og går] come as you are;[ det tøj jeg står og går i] the clothes I stand up in;[ lade noget stå] let something stand,(= lade det være i fred) leave something alone,( ikke slette det) leave something in, keep something;[ lade døren stå] leave the door open;[ lade skægget stå], se I. skæg;[ han stod og så på mig] he stood looking (el. and looked) at me;[ stå og skulle til at] be about to, be on the point of -ing;[ med sig:][ stå sig]( hævde sig) hold one's own;[ stå sig godt med] be on good terms with, stand well with;[ kunne stå sig mod (el. over for) én] be a match for somebody;[ stå sig ved] serve oneself well (, best) by, profit by;( også) it pays me to wait;[ med præp & adv:][ stå `af](dvs af køretøj) get off,F dismount;(dvs melde fra) opt out ( fx when they began to get violent I opted out);(etc) get off the bus (etc);[ stå af cyklen] get off one's bicycle,F dismount from one's bicycle;[ stå bag](dvs støtte) stand behind;(dvs være ophavsmanden) be behind;[ stå bag én](dvs støtte også) back somebody up;(dvs er ophavsmanden) he is the one behind it all, he is the one who pulls the strings;[ stå én bi] stand by somebody ( fx stand by one's friend),F aid;[ lykken står den kække bi] fortune favours the brave;[ så det står efter] with a vengeance, like anything;[ stå fast] stand firm;[ det står fast at] it is an established fact that, the fact remains that;[ stå fast på] insist on;[ stå fast ved] stick to;( om flere) stand round somebody (, something) in a ring;[` stå for]( betyde) stand for ( fx what do the letters GATT stand for?),(mene etc) stand for ( fx I don't know what he stands for),( lede) be in charge of ( fx the arrangements), manage ( fx thehouse);[ kunne stå for] be able to resist ( fx they made him an offer he could not resist); stand up to ( fx this furniture will stand up to any amount of rough treatment; the theory will not (, did not) stand up to close examination);[ kunne stå for kritik] be proof against criticism,(om bog etc) pass muster;(dvs for mit indre blik) his face is still before me (el. still haunts me);[ hun er ikke til at stå for] she is irresistible;(se også skud);[ stå foran] stand in front of;[ når der står en vokal foran] when preceded by a vowel;[ stå frem] stand forward,( rage frem) stand out;(se også ndf: stå ud);[ stå frit]( være uafhængig) be independent,( have handlefrihed) have a free hand;[ det står dig frit for] you can do it if you like;[ det står dig frit for at] you are at liberty to ( fx accept the offer if you wish);[ det står dig frit for om du vil gøre det eller ej] you can decide for yourself whether you will do it or not;[ lade det stå hen] leave it open (el. undecided),F leave it in abeyance;[ som der står hos Byron] as Byron has it;[ det står hos Byron] it is in Byron;[ det står i avisen] it is (el. it says so) in the paper;[ der står i avisen at han er her] it says in the paper (el. the paper says) that he is here;[ det står i akkusativ] it is in the accusative;[ aktierne står i pari] the shares are quoted at par;[ pengene står i en bank] the money is (deposited) in a bank;[ pengene står i landejendomme] the money is invested in landed property;[huset stod ham i £50.000] the house cost him £50,000;[ stå noget igennem] come through something;[ vi håber hun vil stå det igennem] we hope she will pull through;[ få noget (dvs at spise) til at stå imod med] have something to put one on;[ lægge lidt penge til side til at stå imod med] put a little money away for a rainy day;[ stå ind mod land] head for the shore;[ stå inde for] answer for, vouch for,(se også indestå);[ stå lige], se III. lige;[` stå op] stand, be standing up;[ stå `op] stand up,( af sengen) get up,F rise ( fx rise with the sun),( om solen, månen etc) rise;[ stå op af døde, stå op fra de døde] rise from the dead;[ stå op på] get up on ( fx the table),F mount;(fig) get something off the ground; get something going;( også) get the show on the road;[ stå over]( overvåge) stand over,( være højere stillet end) be above,( være bedre end) be superior to;[ de der står over ham] his superiors;[ stå over for] face, stand facing,F be confronted by ( fx when he left the house he was confronted by a policeman),(fig, om vanskeligheder etc) face ( fx growing opposition), be faced with ( fx a choice),F be confronted by ( fx a difficult task);( kunne se frem til) be able to look forward to ( fx we can now look forward to falling unemployment);[ stå `på]( stige ind) get up, get in;[ barometeret står på regnvejr] the barometer is at rain;[ den står på bøf hver dag] we (, they) have steak every day;[ stå på cyklen] get on one's bicycle,F mount one's bicycle;[ en plade på hvilken der stod...] a tablet bearing the inscription...; a tablet on which was written...;[ stå på et tog (, en bus etc)](dvs stige ind) get on a train (, bus etc), board a train (, bus etc);[ termometeret står på 90ø] the thermometer stands at 90ø;[ viseren står på 3] the hand points to 3;[ stå på sin ret] stand on one's rights;[ mens det stod `på] while it lasted, while it was going on;[ mens forhandlingerne stod `på] during (, F: pending) the negotiations;[ den side hvor vinden står `på] the windward side, the side exposed to the wind;[ når solen står `på] when (it is) exposed to the sun;[ stå sammen] stand together,T stick together ( fx we must stick together);[ stå stærkt (, svagt)] be in a strong (, weak) position;[` stå til]( passe til) go well with,( om farver også) match;[ mit håb står kun til dig] I set all my hopes on you;[ han står til 4 år] he stands to get 4 years;( tage chancen) chance it,( opgive ævred) let things slide;[ hvordan står det til ( med dig, etc)?] how are you (etc)?T how are you (etc) doing?[ det står dårligt til] things are not (any) too good;T he is in a bad way;(dvs i landet) the economy is in a bad shape;[ stå til søs (el. havs)] put to sea;[ det står til dig at gøre det] it is up to you to do it;[ hvis det stod til ham] if he had his way;[ han står ikke til at redde] he is past praying for;(se også regnskab);[ stå tilbage]( være til rest) be left,F remain;( i udvikling) be backward;[ stå tilbage for] be inferior to, fall short of;[ han står ikke tilbage for nogen] he is second to none;[ stå ud](fx af vogn) get out,( rage frem) stick out,F project,( iøjnefaldende) jut out,F protrude;[ stå ud af sengen] get out of bed;(mar) stand off the land;[ stå udenfor](fig) have no part in it;( være holdt ude) be left out;[ stå under én]( under éns kommando) be under (the command of) somebody,( i rang) rank below somebody;( være ringere end én) be inferior to somebody, be below somebody;[ stå ved sit løfte] stand by one's promise;[ han tør stå ved sine meninger] he has the courage of his convictions; 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85 arm
m; -(e)s, -e1. arm; ein / zwei Arm voll Bücher an armful / two armfuls of books; am Arm führen / nehmen lead / take s.o. by the arm; auf den Arm nehmen (Kind) (hochheben) pick up; (tragen) carry; fig. pull s.o.’s leg; jemanden im Arm oder in den Armen halten embrace s.o., hold s.o. in one’s arms; in die Arme nehmen oder schließen hug, embrace; den Arm um jemanden legen put one’s arm (a)round s.o.; seine Arme um jemandes Hals schlingen hug s.o., put ( oder wrap) one’s arms around s.o.; jemandem in die Arme laufen fig. bump ( oder run) into s.o.; jemandem in den Arm fallen hold s.o. back, stop s.o.; sich jemandem in die Arme werfen throw o.s. into s.o.’s arms; sich einer Sache in die Arme werfen fig. launch into s.th. with a vengeance; jemanden einer Sache / jemandem in die Arme treiben fig.: drive s.o. to s.th. / into s.o.’s arms; jemandem unter die Arme greifen fig. help s.o. out ( mit with); jemanden mit offenen Armen empfangen fig. welcome s.o. with open arms; jemanden am ausgestreckten Arm verhungern lassen fig. put the screws ( oder squeeze) on s.o. umg.; einen langen Arm haben fig. have a lot of pull ( oder clout); den längeren Arm haben fig. have more pull (Am. clout) ( oder the whip hand); jemandes verlängerter Arm fig. the tool ( oder instrument) of s.o.; der Arm des Gesetzes fig. the (long) arm of the law2. (Ärmel) sleeve3. ZOOL. (Fangarm) tentacle* * *der Arm(Fluss) branch;(Körperteil) arm* * *Ạrm [arm]m -(e)s, -e(ANAT, TECH fig)arm; (von Fluss, Baum) branch; (von Waage) beam; (= Ärmel) sleeveüber/unter den Arm — over/under one's arm
die Arme voll haben — to have one's arms full
jds Arm nehmen — to take sb's arm, to take sb by the arm
or reichen — to offer sb one's arm
jdn im Arm or in den Armen halten — to hold sb in one's arms
jdn am Arm führen — to lead sb by the arm
jdm/sich in die Arme fallen or sinken — to fall into sb's/each other's arms
jdn auf den Arm nehmen — to take sb onto one's arm; (fig inf) to pull sb's leg (inf)
jdm in die Arme laufen (fig inf) — to run or bump (inf) into sb
jdm in den Arm fallen (fig) — to put a spoke in sb's wheel (Brit), to spike sb's guns (Brit), to throw sb a curve ball (US)
sich jdm/einer Sache in die Arme werfen (fig) — to throw oneself at sb/into sth
jdn am steifen Arm verhungern lassen (lit hum) — to get sb in an armlock; (fig) to put the screws on sb (inf)
der Arm des Gesetzes — the long arm of the law
der Arm der Gerechtigkeit (fig) — justice
jds verlängerter Arm — an extension of sb
* * *der1) (the part of the body between the shoulder and the hand: He has broken both his arms.) arm2) (anything shaped like or similar to this: She sat on the arm of the chair.) arm3) (having little money or property: She is too poor to buy clothes for the children; the poor nations of the world.) poor4) (deserving pity: Poor fellow!) poor* * *<-[e]s, -e>[arm]m1. ANAT armjdn am \Arm führen to lead sb by the armjdn im \Arm [o in den \Armen] halten to embrace sb, to hold sb in one's armsein Kind/ein Tier auf den \Arm nehmen to pick up a child/an animaljdn in die \Arme nehmen to take sb in one's armsjdn in die \Arme schließen (geh) to embrace sbjdm den \Arm umdrehen to twist sb's armmit den \Armen rudern [o die \Arme schwenken] to wave one's arms\Arm in \Arm arm in arm2. (Zugriff) grip3. (Flussarm) arm [or branch] of a river5.▶ jdm in den \Arm fallen to get in sb's way, to spike sb's guns▶ jdn jdm in die \Arme treiben to drive sb into the arms of sb▶ jdn mit offenen \Armen empfangen to welcome sb with open arms▶ jds verlängerter \Arm sb's right-hand man* * *der; Arm[e]s, Arme1) armjemandes Arm nehmen — take somebody's arm; take somebody by the arm
sich (Dat.) in den Armen liegen — lie in each other's or one another's arms
den längeren Arm haben — (fig. ugs.) have more clout (coll.)
jemandes verlängerter Arm sein — (fig.) be somebody's tool or instrument
jemanden auf den Arm nehmen — (fig. ugs.) have somebody on (Brit. coll.); pull somebody's leg
jemandem in die Arme laufen — bump or run into somebody
jemandem [mit etwas] unter die Arme greifen — help somebody out [with something]; s. auch Bein 1)
2) (armartiger Teil) arm3) (Ärmel) arm; sleeveein Hemd/eine Bluse mit halbem Arm — a short-sleeved shirt/blouse
* * *um 100 Euro ärmer sein be 100 euros worse off;um eine Hoffnung etcdas ist ja nicht wie bei armen Leuten umg we 'do have such things, we’re not on the breadline ( oder in the poorhouse) yet;Arm und Reich rich and poor2.arm an (+dat) poor in, lacking in;arm an Vitaminen low on vitamins3. (bedauernswert) poor;arm dran sein have nothing to laugh about;die armen Seelen im Fegefeuer KATH the poor souls (of the damned) in purgatory;ach, du Armer oderÄrmster! oh you poor thing!…arm im adj lacking in …, short of … präd;fantasiearm lacking in imagination;verlustarm low-loss, with low losses präd* * *der; Arm[e]s, Arme1) armjemandes Arm nehmen — take somebody's arm; take somebody by the arm
sich (Dat.) in den Armen liegen — lie in each other's or one another's arms
den längeren Arm haben — (fig. ugs.) have more clout (coll.)
jemandes verlängerter Arm sein — (fig.) be somebody's tool or instrument
jemanden auf den Arm nehmen — (fig. ugs.) have somebody on (Brit. coll.); pull somebody's leg
jemandem in die Arme laufen — bump or run into somebody
jemandem [mit etwas] unter die Arme greifen — help somebody out [with something]; s. auch Bein 1)
2) (armartiger Teil) arm3) (Ärmel) arm; sleeveein Hemd/eine Bluse mit halbem Arm — a short-sleeved shirt/blouse
* * *-e m.arm n. -
86 SNÚA
* * *(sný; snøra or snera; snúinn), v.1) to turn, with dat.;snýr jarl þangat herinum, the earl turns his host thither;snúa úfriði á hendr e-m, to begin hostilities against one;snúa aptr ferð sinni, to turn back;2) to turn, go;sneru þeir þá yfir ána, then they went across the river;þeir snerú í móti þeim ok börðust við þá, they turned against them and fought with them;snúa aptr, to turn back;snúa brott, to go away (maðrinn sneri þá brott);3) to change, alter (hann sneri síðan nafni sínu);snúa skapi sínu, to change one’s mind;4) to turn, twist, twine (snúa vönd í hárit);5) to translate (snúa Látinu-bréfinu í norrœnu);6) impers., snýr e-u, it is turned (snøri þá mannfalli í lið Kirjala); it changes (brátt sneri fjáærhaginum fyrir Teiti, er G. var í brottu);7) with preps.,snúa at e-m, to turn on one;snúm vér nú at þeim, let us turn upon them;snúa at brúðhlaupi, to prepare for;halt svá hendi yfir honum, at øngri hefnd sé til hans snúit, protect him so that no vengeance may befall him;snúa e-u til leiðar, to bring about;skiptir mik miklu, hversu þú vilt til snúa, what turn thou wilt take;snúa e-u um, to turn upside down, upset (um snýr þú öllum, sætunum); to change completely (hón kvaðst hafa ætlat at snúa þar um lands-lagi öllu);snúa undan, draw back, retreat, flee (en er Baglar sá þat, þá sneru þeir undan);8) refl., snúast.* * *pres. sný, snýr (snýrðu), snýr; plur. snúm, snúit, snúa: pret. snöri, sneri (also spelt sneyri); subj. snöri and sneri: imperat. snú, snúðú: part. snúinn: [Ulf. sniwan; Dan. snoe.]A. To turn, with dat.; sný ek hennar öllum sefa, Hm. 162; ek fékk snúit mínum hesti, Fms. ix. 382; himininn snýr sólu frá austri til vestrs. Rb. 474; hón lét hann mala ok s. kvern, Fas. ii. 377; þeir snúa skipum sínum ok láta framstafna horfa frá landi, Fms. xi. 101; Baglar vildu snúa Rauðsúðinni, viii. 378; hann hafði snúit út skinnunum, vii. 34; snýr jarl þangat herinum, Nj. 127; komask fyrir þá ok snúa þeim aptr, Al. 30: snúa umb öllu því er í er húsinu, Greg. 33; um snýr þú ( to turn up and down) öllum sæmdunum, Ölk. 37; snúa sínu ráði áleiðis með sæmd, to proceed well, take a good turn, Fms. vii. 21; mikit (better miklu) þótti mér þeir þá hafa snúit til leiðar, Edda i. 52; s. máli til sættar, Fms. x. 413; þá snýrðu öllum vanda á hendr mér, Nj. 215; sný ek þessu niði á hönd Eiríki, Eg. 389; at öngri hefnd sé til hans snúit, Nj. 266; snúa vináttu sinni til e-s, Fms. x. 51; s. úfriði á hendr e-m, to turn upon a person, begin hostilities, ix. 436; s. e-m til samþykkis við sik, vii. 307; snúa at brullaupi, to prepare for, Ld. 70, Fms. x. 105; s. til seyðis, Edda; nú skiptir miklu hversu þú vilt til snúa, what turn wilt thon take? Gísl. 58; snúa aptr ferð sinni, to turn back, Fms. vi. 89.2. to turn on a journey; göra þá ráð sitt, hvert hann sneyri (subj.) þaðan, … snéri konungr þá með þat lið austr, Fms. v. 24: snúa aptr, to turn back; þeir snéru aptr til Kvenlands, Eg. 59, Fms. vii. 289, viii. 378; at þeir snöri (subj.) heimleiðis … vildu þeir við þetta heim snúa, Rb. 261; sneyru þau suðr, Landn. 77; skipin snéru hér ok hvar undir nesit, Fms. ix. 314; snöri hann þá frá, Stj. 401; þá snéru þeir undan, drew back, Fms. ix. 216; snúm at þeim, let us turn upon them, Nj. 245; snéri hann þá í móti honum, 8; hann snýr í móti honum, 125; sólin snýr um jörðina, turns (passes) round the earth, Rb. 488.3. to change, alter; hann snéri siðan namni sínu, Fms. ix. 272; nú skulu vit snúa vísum þeim er mest eru ákveðin orð, v. 173; s. skapi sínu, Fas. i. 339; snúa þingboði í herör, Hkr. i. 270: sneri hón því í villu er hann hafði mælt, Nj. 161; sneri hann manns-líki á sik, 623. 35: to turn, translate, snúa Látinu-bréfinu í Norrænu, Bs. i. (Laur. S.); Rodbert ábóti sneri ok Hakon konungr … lét snúa þessi Norrænu-bók, El; snúa þeim lögum í Norrænu. K. Á. 122; s. ór Franzeizu í Norrænu, Art.II. to turn, twist, absol.; fá, mér leppa tvá ór hári-þínu, ok snúit þit móðir mín saman til boga-strengs mér, Nj. 114: with, acc., lét hann snúa hinu ramligustu blýbönd, Fb. i. 564; vóru snúin þar fyrir speld, a shutter for the window, Nj. 114; var vöndr snúinn í hár þeim, Fms. xi. 147; snúa e-n undir, to throw down by a turn or twist, in wrestling, 656 B. 9: so also, snúa e-n niðr, to throw down, Stj. 346; harð-snúinn, hard-twisted; margsnúinn, many-twisted, cp. snúðr, snúðigr; snúa vélar ok svik, to twist, contrive, Sks. 349.III. impers. it is turned; þá. snéri um sæti því, it was upset, Sks. 110 B: acc., þá snéri um höll konungsins ok öll önnur hús, 648 B, less correct; henni snýr frá austri til vestrs, Rb. 480; snéri þá mannfalli í lið Kirjála, Eg. 59; sneri mannfalli á hendr Ribbungum, Fms. ix. 313; brátt sneri fjárhaginum fyrir Teiti, Sturl. i. 131 C; ef konur hengja klæði út … en ef um snýr, if they be turned up and down, N. G. L. i. 349.B. Reflex. to turn oneself; hafði Gunnarr snúizk í hauginum, Nj. 118; snerisk hann á hæli, 253; allir Þrændir snérusk til hans, Fms. i. 55.2. snérisk hann suðr aptr, he returned, Fms. xi. 417; snýsk Jörmungandr í jötunmóði, Vsp.: en þegar eptir snýsk fram Viðarr, W. comes forth, Edda i. 192; snerisk sá maðr fyrir honum inn í höllina, wheeled round into the hall, Edda 34; snúask undan, Nj. 129; snúask at e-m, í móti e-m, við e-m, to turn upon, face about, to meet an attack or the like, 84, 115, 129. Eg. 380, 583, passim: snúask um, to turn up and down; snýsk jörðin um fyrir sjónum þeirra. Fms. i. 9; snúask í hring, to spin round, rotate, Rb. 100; svá snerisk ( it turned out so) at þér kómusk í engan lífs-háska, Eg. 45; þá snýsk veðrátta á inn hægra veg, Rb. 100; vatnið snýsk til loptsins svá, sem þat þynnisk, Stj.; þó er líkast hann snúisk til várrar ættar um vinfengit, Nj. 38; snúask til leiðar, to turn towards the right, Fms. vii. 136; snúask til hlýðni við e-n, i. 232; þú neitaðir Guði ok snérisk aptr ( returnest to sin), … þú tókt við skírn ok snérisk til Guðs, Hom. 151: vér snörumk frá Skapara órum, turned away from our Maker, Greg. 38; at þeir snúisk ok fram heilsu anda sinna, 623. 26; snérisk allr lyðr í sút ok sorg, Stj.: pass., snúask um, s. niðr, he turned up and down, Sks. 110 B.II. part., for snúandi, Bs. i. 139, l. 28, read suiuandi, i. e. svífandi.2. past part. snúinn, turning to, bent on; snúinn til fégirni, Fms. v. 35; snúinn til vináttu við e-n, xi. 350; lýðr s. Guði til handa, 656 B. 8; konungr var mjök snúinn á þat at sigla til Írlands, enn menn hans löttu, Fms. x. 142, v. l. -
87 kan
1. blood. 2. hem-, hemo-, hemi-, haem-, haemo-. 3. hemic, hematic. 4. lineage, family. -ı ağır 1. dull and boring by nature. 2. sluggish by nature. - ağlamak to shed tears of blood, be deeply distressed. - akçesi blood money, wergeld. - akıtmak 1. to sacrifice an animal. 2. to shed blood. - akmak for blood to be shed. - akmaksızın without bloodshed. - akrabalığı blood relationship, consanguinity. - aktarımı blood transfusion. - aktarmak /a/ to give (someone) a blood transfusion. - alacak damarı bilmek to know where to turn for help. - alma med. bloodletting. - almak /dan/ to take blood (from), bleed. - aramak to be out for blood. - bağı blood tie. - bankası blood bank. - basımı path. congestion. - basıncı blood pressure. - basıncı yüksekliği high blood pressure, hypertension. - başına sıçramak/- beynine çıkmak/vurmak to get or have one´s blood up, see red, blow one´s top. - boşalmak to hemorrhage. -a boyamak/bulamak /ı/ to wreak carnage in (a place). -a boyanmak/bulanmak to be covered with blood. -ı bozuk corrupt or evil by nature. - cisimciği blood corpuscle. - çanağı gibi bloodshot (eyes). - çekme med. dry cupping. -ı çekmek /a/ to resemble (a parent) (in looks and in character). - çıbanı boil, furuncle. - çıkar. Blood will flow./There will be a big fight. - çıkmak for blood to be spilled. - dalgası rush of blood to a part of the body, flush. - damarı blood vessel. - davası blood feud, vendetta. - değiştirme med. exchange transfusion. -ı dindirmek to stanch blood. -ına dokunmak /ın/ to make (one´s) blood boil. - dolaşımı/deveranı circulation of the blood. -ı donmak to be shocked, be horrified. - dökmek to shed blood. - dökücü bloodthirsty. -ına ekmek doğramak /ın/ 1. to be glad that one has caused (another´s) death. 2. to benefit by having caused (another´s) misfortune. -ını emmek /ın/ to exploit (someone) unmercifully. - gelmek to bleed. -ına girmek /ın/ 1. to have (someone´s) blood on one´s hands. 2. to deflower (a girl). 3. to damage, destroy. - gitmek /dan/ to bleed (while defecating or menstruating). - gövdeyi götürmek for much blood to be shed, for many people to be killed. - grubu blood group, blood type. - gütme blood feud, vendetta. - gütmek to seek blood vengeance, engage in a vendetta. - hücresi blood cell. -ı ısınmak /a/ to warm to, feel affectionate or sympathetic towards (someone). -ını içine akıtmak/-ı içine akmak to hide one´s sorrows. - iğnesi hypodermic injection of blood-building medicine. - istemek to be out for blood, want blood revenge. - işeme hematuria. -a kan! Blood for blood!/Death to the murderer! -a kan istemek to want blood revenge. -ı kanla yıkamak to exact blood revenge. - kardeşi blood brother. - kaybetmek to lose blood. - kaybı loss of blood. -ı kaynamak 1. to be full of beans, be full of pep. 2. /a/ to feel a sudden rush of affection for (someone). -ları kaynaşmak to come to like each other very quickly, become good friends in no time. - kesici styptic, hemostatic. - kırmızı blood-red, crimson. -ı kurumak to be exasperated. -ını kurutmak /ın/ to exasperate, vex. - kusmak 1. to vomit blood. 2. to be extremely pained or grieved. - kusturmak /a/ to oppress unmercifully. - kusup kızılcık şerbeti içtim demek to hide one´s sufferings from others. - lekesi blood stain. - merkezi blood transfusion center. - muayenesi law blood test (to determine paternity). - nakli blood transfusion. - olmak for murder to take place. (aralarında) - olmak to be involved in a blood feud. -ında olmak to run in the blood of, be in one´s blood. - oturmak /a/ to have a subcutaneous hemorrhage. - oturması subcutaneous hemorrhage. -ıyla ödemek /ı/ to pay with one´s life (for). -ı pahasına at the cost of one´s life. - pıhtılaşması blood coagulation. - portakalı blood orange. - revan içinde 1. bleeding profusely. 2. covered with blood. -ı sıcak outgoing, friendly, warm, sociable. -ı soğuk unsociable, reserved, cold. -ı sulanmak to -
88 Revanche
[re’va:∫ә] f; -, n revenge; jemandem Revanche geben give s.o. a chance to get even; für etw. Revanche nehmen take (one’s) revenge for s.th.; Revanche fordern issue a challenge to a return game ( SPORT auch match)* * *die Revancherevenge* * *Re|van|che [re'vãːʃ(ə)]f -, -ndu musst ihm Revanche geben! — you'll have to let him have or get his revenge, you'll have to give him a return match (Brit) or a rematch (US)
(für etw) Revanche nehmen — to have or get one's revenge (for sth)
2) no pl (= Rache) revenge, vengeance* * *Re·vanche<-, -n>[reˈvã:ʃə, reˈvaŋʃə]fjdm \Revanche geben to give sb a return matchals \Revanche as a return favour [or AM -or]danke für die Einladung, als \Revanche lade ich dich am nächsten Samstag ins Kino ein thanks for the invitation, in return I'll invite you to the cinema next Saturday* * *die; Revanche, Revanchen revenge; (Sport): (Rückkampf, Revanchespiel) return match/fight/game* * *jemandem Revanche geben give sb a chance to get even;für etwas Revanche nehmen take (one’s) revenge for sth;* * *die; Revanche, Revanchen revenge; (Sport): (Rückkampf, Revanchespiel) return match/fight/game* * *-n f.revenge n. -
89 dar importancia a Algo
to take something seriously* * *(v.) = put + Algo + on the agenda, be on the agendaEx. The author suggests a strategy for putting library needs on the agenda of government and lists a few cardinal rules to be observed.Ex. The prime minister said at the annual dinner that the issue was 'back on the agenda with a vengeance'.* * *(v.) = put + Algo + on the agenda, be on the agendaEx: The author suggests a strategy for putting library needs on the agenda of government and lists a few cardinal rules to be observed.
Ex: The prime minister said at the annual dinner that the issue was 'back on the agenda with a vengeance'. -
90 revanche
revanche [ʀ(ə)vɑ̃∫]feminine noun* * *ʀ(ə)vɑ̃ʃ
1.
1) revengedésir de/esprit de revanche — desire for/spirit of revenge
2) Sport return match GB ou game US; Jeux return game
2.
en revanche locution adverbiale on the other hand••à charge de revanche — provided you'll let me return the favour [BrE]
* * *ʀ(ə)vɑ̃ʃ nf1) (= vengeance) revengeprendre sa revanche — to get one's revenge, to get one's own back
Il a pris sa revanche en refusant de lui prêter son vélo. — He got his own back by refusing to lend him his bike.
prendre sa revanche sur qn — to get one's revenge on sb, to get one's own back on sb
C'est cher mais en revanche c'est de la bonne qualité. — It is dear but on the other hand it's good quality.
* * *A nf1 revenge; désir de/esprit de revanche desire for/spirit of revenge; avoir sa revanche to get one's revenge; prendre sa revanche to take one's revenge, to get even;B en revanche loc adv on the other hand.à charge de revanche provided you'll let me return the favourGB.[rəvɑ̃ʃ] nom féminin1. [sur un ennemi] revengeprendre sa revanche (sur quelqu'un) to take ou to get one's revenge (on somebody)en revanche locution adverbiale -
91 Macht
f; -, Mächte1. nur Sg. (Kraft) power; (Stärke) strength; bes. lit. might; mit aller Macht with all one’s might; lit. with might and main2. nur Sg. (Einfluss, Herrschaft) power; (Machtbefugnis) auch authority; es steht nicht in meiner Macht it’s not within my power; wenn es in meiner Macht stünde(, es zu tun) if I had it within my power (to do so); Macht der Gewohnheit force of habit; die Macht ergreifen seize power; an die Macht kommen oder zur Macht gelangen come (in)to power; an der Macht sein be in power4. metaphysische: power, force; die Macht des Schicksals the force of destiny; die Mächte der Finsternis the powers of darkness* * *die Machtmight; power; force; potency; authority* * *Mạcht [maxt]f -, -e['mɛçtə]die Macht der Gewohnheit/Verhältnisse/des Schicksals — the force of habit/circumstance(s)/destiny
alles, was in unserer Macht steht, alles in unserer Macht Stehende — everything (with)in our power
es stand nicht in seiner Macht, zu... — it was not or did not lie within his power to...
mit aller Macht —
Macht geht vor Recht (Prov) — might is right (Prov)
2) no pl (= Herrschaft, Befehlsgewalt) powerdie Macht ergreifen/erringen — to seize/gain power
jdn an die Macht bringen — to bring sb to power
an der Macht sein/bleiben — to be/remain in power
seine Macht behaupten — to maintain control, to continue to hold sway
die Macht übernehmen — to assume power, to take over
3) (= außerirdische Kraft, Großmacht) powerdie Mächte der Finsternis (old, liter) — the Powers of Darkness (old, liter)
4) (dated = Heeresmacht) forces pl* * *die1) mightiness2) (power or strength: The might of the opposing army was too great for us.) might3) powerfulness4) (authority or control: political groups fighting for power; How much power does the Queen have?; I have him in my power at last) power5) (a strong and influential country: the Western powers.) power* * *<-, Mächte>[ˈmaxt, pl ˈmɛçtə]fseine \Macht gebrauchen/missbrauchen to exercise [or wield]/abuse one's powerdie \Macht haben, etw zu tun to have the power to do sthseine \Macht behaupten to maintain one's hold on poweran der \Macht bleiben to remain in powernach der \Macht greifen to attempt to seize poweran der \Macht sein to be in poweran die \Macht kommen [o gelangen] to gain [or come to] powerdie \Macht übernehmen to assume [or take over] power3. (beherrschender Einfluss) powerdie \Macht der Gewohnheit the force of habit\Macht über jdn haben to have power over sbeine... \Macht auf jdn ausüben to have a... power over sbeine geistige \Macht mental powersaus eigener \Macht under one's own steammit aller \Macht with all one's strength [or might]mit \Macht with vigour [or AM -or]ich werde alles tun, was in meiner \Macht steht I'll do everything in my power4. (mächtiger Staat) powerverbündete Mächte allied powersKrieg führende Mächte warring powers6.* * *die; Macht, Mächtemit aller Macht — with all one's might
alles, was in seiner Macht steht, tun — do everything in one's power
seine Macht ausspielen — use one's authority or power
das liegt nicht in ihrer Macht — that is not within her power; that is outside her authority
die Macht der Gewohnheit/der Verhältnisse — the force of habit/circumstances
2) o. Pl. (Herrschaft) power no art.die Macht ergreifen od. an sich reißen — seize power
an der Macht sein — be in power
3) (Staat) power4)* * *mit aller Macht with all one’s might; liter with might and maines steht nicht in meiner Macht it’s not within my power;Macht der Gewohnheit force of habit;die Macht ergreifen seize power;zur Macht gelangen come (in)to power;an der Macht sein be in power4. metaphysische: power, force;die Macht des Schicksals the force of destiny;die Mächte der Finsternis the powers of darkness* * *die; Macht, Mächtealles, was in seiner Macht steht, tun — do everything in one's power
seine Macht ausspielen — use one's authority or power
das liegt nicht in ihrer Macht — that is not within her power; that is outside her authority
die Macht der Gewohnheit/der Verhältnisse — the force of habit/circumstances
2) o. Pl. (Herrschaft) power no art.die Macht ergreifen od. an sich reißen — seize power
3) (Staat) power4)* * *¨-e (über) f.power (of) n. ¨-e f.clout n.force n.might n.potency n. -
92 régler
régler [ʀegle]➭ TABLE 6 transitive verba. ( = conclure) [+ affaire, conflit, problème] to settle ; [+ dossier] to deal with• alors, c'est une affaire réglée or c'est réglé, vous acceptez ? that's settled then - you agree?b. ( = payer) [+ note, dette, compte] to settle ; [+ commerçant, créancier] to settle up with ; [+ travaux] to pay for• est-ce que je peux régler ? can I settle up with you?• est-ce que je peux régler par chèque ? can I pay by cheque?• on lui a réglé son compte ! (inf) (vengeance) they've settled his hash (inf) ; (assassinat) they've taken care of him (euphémisme)c. [+ mécanisme, débit, machine] to regulate ; [+ allumage, ralenti, dossier de chaise, tir] to adjust ; [+ moteur] to tune ; [+ réveil] to set• régler le thermostat à 18° to set the thermostat to 18°d. [+ modalités, programme] to settle one. ( = prendre comme modèle) régler sa conduite sur les circonstances to adjust one's conduct to the circumstances* * *ʀegle1) ( payer) to settle [compte, dette]; to pay [facture, montant, créancier, fournisseur]; to pay for [achat, travaux, fournitures]réglons nos comptes — lit let's settle up
avoir des comptes à régler avec quelqu'un — fig to have a score ou account to settle with somebody
régler son compte à quelqu'un — (colloq) to sort somebody out
2) ( résoudre) to settle [litige, problème]3) ( mettre au point) to settle [détails, modalités, ordre]; to fix, to decide on [programme, calendrier]; to arrange [mise en scène, chorégraphie]; to organize [défilé]4) ( ajuster) to adjust [hauteur, micro, chauffage]; to regulate, to adjust [vitesse, mécanisme]; to tune [moteur]; ( fixer d'avance) to set [allumage, pression]5) ( adapter)régler sa conduite sur celle de quelqu'un — to model one's behaviour [BrE] on somebody's
6) ( tracer des lignes) to rule (lines on) [papier]* * *ʀeɡle vt1) [question, conflit, problème] to settleLe problème est réglé. — The problem's settled.
2) [mécanisme, machine, température] to set, to adjust, [rétroviseur] to adjustIl faut que je règle mon rétroviseur. — I'll have to adjust my rear-view mirror.
3) [montre] to set4) [radio, fréquence] to tuneJ'ai réglé ma radio sur 95 FM. — I tuned my radio to 95 FM.
5) [moteur] to tune6) [thermostat] to setJ'ai réglé le thermostat à vingt degrés. — I've set the thermostat to 20 degrees.
7) [emploi du temps, vie] to organize, to planrégler qch sur; régler qch d'après — to model sth on
8) (= payer) [facture, dette] to settle, to pay, [fournisseur] to settle up with, to payElle a réglé sa facture. — She's settled her bill.
J'ai réglé Jean-Pierre pour l'essence. — I've settled up with Jean-Pierre for the petrol.
régler son compte à qn fig * — to sort sb out * to settle sb
9) [papier] to rule* * *régler verb table: céderA vtr1 ( payer) to settle [compte, dette]; to pay [facture, montant]; to settle, to pay [dette]; to pay [créancier, fournisseur, notaire]; to pay for [achat, travaux, fournitures]; régler en espèces/par chèque to pay cash/by cheque GB ou check US; réglons nos comptes lit let's settle up; on va régler nos comptes○ fig we're going to have it out○; avoir des comptes à régler avec qn fig to have a score ou account to settle with sb; régler son compte à qn○ ( frapper) to sort sb out; ( tuer) to bump sb off○, to kill sb;2 ( résoudre) to settle [question]; to settle, to sort out [litige, problème]; régler ses affaires to sort out one's affairs; réglez ça entre vous sort it out between you;3 ( mettre au point) to settle [détails, modalités, ordre]; to fix, to decide on [programme, calendrier]; to arrange [mise en scène, chorégraphie]; to organize [défilé]; régler le sort de qn to decide sb's fate;4 ( ajuster) to adjust [hauteur, dossier, micro, chauffage]; to regulate, to adjust [vitesse, mécanisme]; to tune [moteur]; ( fixer d'avance) to set [allumage]; régler la pression sur 3 to set the pressure at 3;5 ( adapter) régler sa conduite sur celle de qn to model one's behaviourGB on sb's; régler sa montre sur celle de qn to set one's watch by sb's; régler sa vitesse sur celle de qn to adjust one's speed to sb's;6 ( tracer des lignes) to rule (lines on) paper.B se régler vpr1 ( être ajusté) [hauteur, température] to be adjusted;2 ( se modeler) se régler sur qn/qch to model oneself on sb/sth.[regle] verbe transitif1. [résoudre - litige] to settle, to resolve ; [ - problème] to solve, to iron out (separable), to sort out (separable)alors c'est réglé, nous irons au bord de la mer it's settled then, we'll go to the seaside2. [payer - achat] to pay (for) ; [ - facture, mensualité] to settle ; [ - créancier] to settle up (inseparable) withrégler l'addition to pay ou settle the billrégler quelque chose par chèque/par carte de crédit to pay for something by cheque/by credit carda. (familier) [se venger de lui] to get even with somebodyb. [le tuer] to take care of somebody (euphémisme)3. [volume, allumage, phare etc.] to adjust[vitesse, thermostat] to set[température] to regulate[circulation] to control[moteur] to tunej'ai réglé mon réveil sur 7 h/le four à 200° I've set my alarm for seven o'clock/the oven at 200 degreesrégler quelque chose sur [accorder par rapport à] to set something by5. [papier] to rule————————se régler verbe pronominal (emploi passif)[mécanisme] to be set ou regulated[luminosité, phare] to be adjusted[récepteur] to be tuned————————se régler sur verbe pronominal plus préposition -
93 πνεῦμα
πνεῦμα, ατος, τό (πνέω; Aeschyl., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+. On the history of the word s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 308ff).① air in movement, blowing, breathing (even the glowing exhalations of a volcanic crater: Diod S 5, 7, 3)ⓐ wind (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX, EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 343; 349; SibOr 8, 297) in wordplay τὸ πνεῦμα πνεῖ the wind blows J 3:8a (EpJer 60 πνεῦμα ἐν πάσῃ χώρᾳ πνεῖ. But s. TDonn, ET 66, ’54f, 32; JThomas, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 219–24). ὀθόνη πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένη MPol 15:2. Of God ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα who makes his angels winds Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both Ps 103:4).ⓑ the breathing out of air, blowing, breath (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Tim. 79b; LXX) ὁ ἄνομος, ὅν ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 2 Th 2:8 (cp. Is 11:4; Ps 32:6).② that which animates or gives life to the body, breath, (life-)spirit (Aeschyl. et al.; Phoenix of Colophon 1, 16 [Coll. Alex. p. 231] πν.=a breathing entity [in contrast to becoming earth in death]; Polyb. 31, 10, 4; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 394b, 8ff; PHib 5, 54 [III B.C.]; PGM 4, 538; 658; 2499; LXX; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 19 [Stone p. 44] al.; JosAs 19:3; SibOr 4, 46; Tat. 4:2) ἀφιέναι τὸ πνεῦμα give up one’s spirit, breathe one’s last (Eur., Hec. 571; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 2) Mt 27:50. J says for this παραδιδόναι τὸ πν. 19:3 (cp. ApcMos 31 ἀποδῶ τὸ πν.; Just., D. 105, 5). Of the return of the (life-)spirit of a deceased person into her dead body ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πν. αὐτῆς Lk 8:55 (cp. Jdg 15:19). εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πν. μου into your hands I entrust my spirit 23:46 (Ps 30:6; for alleged focus on ἐλπίζειν s. EBons, BZ 38, ’94, 93–101). κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου Ac 7:59; composite of both passages AcPl Ha 10, 23 (cp. ApcMos 42). τὸ πν. μου ὁ δεσπότης δέξεται GJs 23:3 (on the pneuma flying upward after death cp. Epicharm. in Vorsokrat. 23 [=13, 4th ed.], B 9 and 22; Eur., Suppl. 533 πνεῦμα μὲν πρὸς αἰθέρα, τὸ σῶμα δʼ ἐς γῆν; PGM 1, 177ff τελευτήσαντός σου τὸ σῶμα περιστελεῖ, σοῦ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα … εἰς ἀέρα ἄξει σὺν αὑτῷ ‘when you are dead [the angel] will wrap your body … and take your spirit with him into the sky’). τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πν. νεκρόν ἐστιν Js 2:26. πν. ζωῆς ἐκ τ. θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the prophet-witnesses who have been martyred) Rv 11:11 (cp. Ezk 37:10 v.l. εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτοὺς πνεῦμα ζωῆς; vs. 5). Of the spirit that animated the image of a beast, and enabled it to speak and to have Christians put to death 13:15.—After a person’s death, the πν. lives on as an independent being, in heaven πνεύματα δικαὶων τετελειωμένων Hb 12:23 (cp. Da 3:86 εὐλογεῖτε, πνεύματα καὶ ψυχαὶ δικαίων, τὸν κύριον). According to non-biblical sources, the πν. are in the netherworld (cp. En 22:3–13; Sib Or 7, 127) or in the air (PGM 1, 178), where evil spirits can prevent them from ascending higher (s. ἀήρ2b). τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν 1 Pt 3:19 belongs here if it refers to Jesus’ preaching to the spirits of the dead confined in Hades (so Usteri et al.; s. also JMcCulloch, The Harrowing of Hell, 1930), whether it be when he descended into Hades, or when he returned to heaven (so RBultmann, Bekenntnis u. Liedfragmente im 1 Pt: ConNeot11, ’47, 1–14).—CClemen, Niedergefahren zu den Toten 1900; JTurmel, La Descente du Christ aux enfers 1905; JMonnier, La Descente aux enfers 1906; HHoltzmann, ARW 11, 1908, 285–97; KGschwind, Die Niederfahrt Christi in die Unterwelt 1911; DPlooij, De Descensus in 1 Pt 3:19 en 4:6: TT 47, 1913, 145–62; JBernard, The Descent into Hades a Christian Baptism (on 1 Pt 3:19ff): Exp. 8th ser., 11, 1916, 241–74; CSchmidt, Gespräche Jesu mit seinen Jüngern: TU 43, 1919, 452ff; JFrings, BZ 17, 1926, 75–88; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; RGanschinietz, Katabasis: Pauly-W. X/2, 1919, 2359–449; Clemen2 89–96; WBieder, Die Vorstellung v. d. Höllenfahrt Jesu Chr. ’49; SJohnson, JBL 79, ’60, 48–51; WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits ’65. S. also the lit. in Windisch, Hdb.2 1930, exc. on 1 Pt 3:20; ESelwyn, The First Ep. of St. Peter ’46 and 4c below.—This is prob. also the place for θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι• ἐν ᾧ καὶ … 1 Pt 3:18f (some mss. read πνεύματι instead of πνεύμασιν in vs. 19, evidently in ref. to the manner of Jesus’ movement; πνεῦμα is that part of Christ which, in contrast to σάρξ, did not pass away in death, but survived as an individual entity after death; s. ἐν 7). Likew. the contrast κατὰ σάρκα … κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 1:3f. Cp. 1 Ti 3:16.③ a part of human personality, spiritⓐ when used with σάρξ, the flesh, it denotes the immaterial part 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5. Flesh and spirit=the whole personality, in its outer and inner aspects, oft. in Ign.: IMg 1:2; 13:1a; ITr ins; 12:1; IRo ins; ISm 1:1; IPol 5:1; AcPl Ant 13, 18 (=Aa I 237, 3).—In the same sense beside σῶμα, the body (Simplicius, In Epict. p. 50, 1; Ps.-Phoc. 106f; PGM 1, 178) 1 Cor 5:3–5; 7:34.—The inner life of humans is divided into ψυχὴ καὶ πνεῦμα (cp. Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 10 p. 370c τὶ θεῖον ὄντως ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ=a divine spirit was actually in the soul; Wsd 15:11; Jos., Ant. 1, 34; Tat. 13, 2; 15, 1 et al.; Ath. 27, 1. S. also Herm. Wr. 10, 13; 16f; PGM 4, 627; 630. ἐκ τριῶν συνεστάναι λέγουσι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ πνεύματος Did., Gen. 55, 14) Hb 4:12. Cp. Phil 1:27. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα 1 Th 5:23 (s. GMilligan, Thess. 1908, 78f; EvDobschütz in Meyer X7 1909, 230ff; EBurton, Spirit, Soul, and Flesh 1918; AFestugière, La Trichotomie des 1 Th 5:23 et la Philos. gr.: RSR 20, 1930, 385–415; CMasson, RTP 33, ’45, 97–102; FGrant, An Introd. to NT Thought ’50, 161–66). σαρκί, ψυχῇ, πνεύματι IPhld 11:2.ⓑ as the source and seat of insight, feeling, and will, gener. as the representative part of human inner life (cp. PGM 4, 627; 3 Km 20:5; Sir 9:9 al.; Just., D. 30, 1; Did., Gen. 232, 5) ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ Mk 2:8. ἀναστενάξας τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ λέγει 8:12 (s. ἀναστενάζω). ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πν. μου Lk 1:47 (in parallelism w. ψυχή vs. 46, as Sir 9:9). ἠγαλλιάσατο τῷ πν. 10:21 v.l., Ἰησοῦς ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πν. J 11:33 (s. ἐμβριμάομαι 3); Ἰης. ἐταράχθη τῷ πν. 13:21. παρωξύνετο τὸ πν. αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ Ac 17:16; ζέων τῷ πν. with spirit-fervor 18:25 (s. ζέω). τὸ παιδίον ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι Lk 1:80; 2:40 v.l.; ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πν. Paul made up his mind Ac 19:21 (some would put this pass. in 6c, but cp. Lk 1:66 and analogous formulations Hom. et al. in L-S-J-M s.v. τίθημι A6). προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι of the spiritual, i.e. the pure, inner worship of God, that has nothing to do w. holy times, places, appurtenances, or ceremonies J 4:23; cp. vs. 24b. πν. συντετριμμένον (Ps 50:19) 1 Cl 18:17; 52:4.—2 Cl 20:4; Hv 3, 12, 2; 3, 13, 2.—This usage is also found in Paul. His conviction (s. 5 below) that the Christian possesses the (divine) πνεῦμα and thus is different fr. all other people, leads him to choose this word in preference to others, in order to characterize a believer’s inner being gener. ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πν. μου Ro 1:9. οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πν. μου 2 Cor 2:13. Cp. 7:13. As a matter of fact, it can mean simply a person’s very self or ego: τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν the Spirit (of God) bears witness to our very self Ro 8:16 (cp. PGM 12, 327 ἠκούσθη μου τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπὸ πνεύματος οὐρανοῦ). ἀνέπαυσαν τὸ ἐμὸν πν. καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν they have refreshed both me and you 1 Cor 16:18. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. μετά τοῦ πν. (ὑμῶν) Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25. Cp. 2 Ti 4:22. Likew. in Ign. τὸ ἐμὸν πν. my (unworthy) self IEph 18:1; IRo 9:3; cp. 1 Cor 2:11a—On the relation of the divine Spirit to the believer’s spiritual self, s. SWollenweider, Der Geist Gottes als Selbst der Glaubenden: ZTK 93, ’96, 163–92.—Only a part of the inner life, i.e. that which concerns the will, is meant in τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. That which is inferior, anxiety, fear of suffering, etc. is attributed to the σάρξ.—The mng. of the expr. οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 is difficult to determine w. certainty (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a πένης ἀνὴρ τὴν ψυχήν. The dat. as τῇ ψυχῇ M. Ant. 6, 52; 8, 51). The sense is prob. those who are poor in their inner life, because they do not have a misdirected pride in their own spiritual riches (s. AKlöpper, Über den Sinn u. die ursprgl. Form der ersten Seligpreisung der Bergpredigt bei Mt: ZWT 37, 1894, 175–91; RKabisch, Die erste Seligpreisung: StKr 69, 1896, 195–215; KKöhler, Die ursprgl. Form der Seligpreisungen: StKr 91, 1918, 157–92; JBoehmer, De Schatkamer 17, 1923, 11–16, TT [Copenhagen] 4, 1924, 195–207, JBL 45, 1926, 298–304; WMacgregor, ET 39, 1928, 293–97; VMacchioro, JR 12, ’32, 40–49; EEvans, Theology 47, ’44, 55–60; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 134ff; Betz, SM 116 n. 178 for Qumran reff.).ⓒ spiritual state, state of mind, disposition ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος with love and a gentle spirit 1 Cor 4:21; cp. Gal 6:1. τὸ πν. τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν Eph 4:23 (s. νοῦς 2a). ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος with the imperishable (gift) of a quiet disposition 1 Pt 3:4.④ an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses, spirit (ELangton, Good and Evil Spirits ’42).ⓐ God personally: πνεῦμα ὁ θεός J 4:24a (Ath. 16, 2; on God as a spirit, esp. in the Stoa, s. MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48/49. Hdb. ad loc. Also Celsus 6, 71 [Stoic]; Herm. Wr. 18, 3 ἀκάματον μέν ἐστι πνεῦμα ὁ θεός).ⓑ good, or at least not expressly evil spirits or spirit-beings (cp. CIG III, 5858b δαίμονες καὶ πνεύματα; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 69, 6; 12 Pasqu.; En 15:4; 6; 8; 10; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 15f [Stone p. 10, 15f] πάντα τὰ ἐπουράνια πνεύματα; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82] ὑψηλὸν πν.; PGM 3, 8 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, ἱερὸν πνεῦμα; 4, 1448; 3080; 12, 249) πνεῦμα w. ἄγγελος (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 108; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 33; 8, 12) Ac 23:8f. God is ὁ παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστης καὶ ἐπίσκοπος 1 Cl 59:3b.—Pl., God the μόνος εὐεργέτης πνεύματων 1 Cl 59:3a. Cp. 64 (s. on this Num 16:22; 27:16. Prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 351–55=LAE 423ff=SIG 1181, 2] τὸν θεὸν τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων; PGM 5, 467 θεὸς θεῶν, ὁ κύριος τῶν πν.; sim. the magic pap PWarr 21, 24; 26 [III A.D.]); the πατὴρ τῶν πνευμάτων Hb 12:9. Intermediary beings (in polytheistic terminology: δαίμονες) that serve God are called λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα Hb 1:14. In Rv we read of the ἑπτὰ πνεύματα (τοῦ θεοῦ) 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6; s. ASkrinjar, Biblica 16, ’35, 1–24; 113–40.— Ghost Lk 24:37, 39.ⓒ evil spirits (PGM 13, 798; 36, 160; TestJob 27, 2; ApcSed [both Satan]; AscIs 3:28; Just., D. 39, 6 al.; Ath. 25, 3), esp. in accounts of healing in the Synoptics: (τὸ) πνεῦμα (τὸ) ἀκάθαρτον (Just., D. 82, 3) Mt 12:43; Mk 1:23, 26; 3:30; 5:2, 8; 7:25; 9:25a; Lk 8:29; 9:42; 11:24; Rv 18:2. Pl. (TestBenj 5:2) Mt 10:1; Mk 1:27; 3:11; 5:13; 6:7; Lk 4:36; 6:18; Ac 5:16; 8:7; Rv 16:13; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.—τὸ πν. τὸ πονηρόν Ac 19:15f. Pl. (En 99:7; TestSim 4:9; 6:6, TestJud 16:1; Just., D. 76, 6) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f.—πν. ἄλαλον Mk 9:17; cp. vs. 25b (s. ἄλαλος). πν. πύθων Ac 16:16 (s. πύθων). πν. ἀσθενείας Lk 13:11. Cp. 1 Ti 4:1b. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου (s. δαιμόνιον 2) Lk 4:33. πνεύματα δαιμονίων Rv 16:14 (in effect = personified ‘exhalations’ of evil powers; for the combination of πν. and δαιμ. cp. the love spell Sb 4324, 16f τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δαιμόνων τούτων).—Abs. of a harmful spirit Mk 9:20; Lk 9:39; Ac 16:18. Pl. Mt 8:16; 12:45; Lk 10:20; 11:26.—1 Pt 3:19 (s. 2 above) belongs here if the πνεύματα refer to hostile spirit-powers, evil spirits, fallen angels (so FSpitta, Christi Predigt an die Geister 1890; HGunkel, Zum religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 72f; WBousset, ZNW 19, 1920, 50–66; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919, 25ff; Knopf, Windisch, FHauck ad loc.; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, esp. 54–56, 69).—Hermas also has the concept of evil spirits that lead an independent existence, and live and reign within the inner life of a pers.; the Holy Spirit, who also lives or would like to live there, is forced out by them (cp. TestDan 4) Hm 5, 1, 2–4; 5, 2, 5–8; 10, 1, 2. τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον … ἕτερον πονηρὸν πν. 5, 1, 2. These πνεύματα are ὀξυχολία 5, 1, 3; 5, 2, 8 (τὸ πονηρότατον πν.); 10, 1, 2; διψυχία 9:11 (ἐπίγειον πν. ἐστι παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου); 10, 1, 2; λύπη 10, 1, 2 (πάντων τῶν πνευμάτων πονηροτέρα) and other vices. On the complicated pneuma-concept of the Mandates of Hermas s. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hm 5, 2, 7; cp. Leutzsch, Hermas 453f n. 133.⑤ God’s being as controlling influence, with focus on association with humans, Spirit, spirit as that which differentiates God fr. everything that is not God, as the divine power that produces all divine existence, as the divine element in which all divine life is carried on, as the bearer of every application of the divine will. All those who belong to God possess or receive this spirit and hence have a share in God’s life. This spirit also serves to distinguish Christians fr. all unbelievers (cp. PGM 4, 1121ff, where the spirit is greeted as one who enters devotees and, in accordance w. God’s will, separates them fr. themselves, i.e. fr. the purely human part of their nature); for this latter aspect s. esp. 6 below.ⓐ the Spirit of God, of the Lord (=God) etc. (LXX; TestSim 4:4; JosAs 8:11; ApcSed 14:6; 15:6; ApcMos 43; SibOr 3, 701; Ps.-Phoc. 106; Philo; Joseph. [s. c below]; apolog. Cp. Plut., Numa 4, 6 πνεῦμα θεοῦ, capable of begetting children; s. παρθένος a) τὸ πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:11b, 14; 3:16; 6:11; 1J 4:2a (Just., D. 49, 3; Tat. 13, 3; Ath. 22, 3). τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πν. 1 Pt 4:14 (Just., A I, 60, 6). τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12b. τὸ πν. κυρίου Ac 5:9; B 6:14; B 9:2 (cp. Mel., P. 32, 222). τὸ πνεῦμά μου or αὐτοῦ: Mt 12:18 (Is 42:1); Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f.—Cp. 1QS 4:21); 1 Cor 2:10a v.l.; Eph 3:16; 1 Th 4:8 (where τὸ ἅγιον is added); 1J 4:13.—τὸ πν. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν Mt 10:20. τὸ πν. τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ro 8:11a.—Without the art. πν. θεοῦ (JosAs 4:9; Tat. 15:3; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 18]) the Spirit of God Mt 3:16; 12:28; Ro 8:9b, 14, 19; 1 Cor 7:40; 12:3a; 2 Cor 3:3 (πν. θεοῦ ζῶντος); Phil 3:3. πν. κυρίου Lk 4:18 (Is 61:1); Ac 8:39 (like J 3:8; 20:22; Ac 2:4, this pass. belongs on the borderline betw. the mngs. ‘wind’ and ‘spirit’; cp. Diod S 3, 60, 3 Ἕσπερον ἐξαίφνης ὑπὸ πνευμάτων συναρπαγέντα μεγάλων ἄφαντον γενέσθαι ‘Hesperus [a son of Atlas] was suddenly snatched by strong winds and vanished fr. sight’. S. HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919, 19ff; OCullmann, TZ. 4, ’48, 364); 1 Cl 21:2.ⓑ the Spirit of Christ, of the Lord (=Christ) etc. τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ Ac 16:7. τὸ πν. Χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:32. τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς πν. Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:11. πν. Χριστοῦ Ro 8:9c. πν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ AcPl Ha 8, 18. ἀπὸ τοῦ πν. τοῦ χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:10. τὸ πν. Ἰης. Χριστοῦ Phil 1:19. τὸ πν. κυρίου 2 Cor 3:17b (JHermann, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61). τὸ πν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ (=θεοῦ) Gal 4:6. As possessor of the divine Spirit, and at the same time controlling its distribution among humans, Christ is called κύριος πνεύματος Lord of the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18 (s. Windisch ad loc.); but many prefer to transl. from the Lord who is the Spirit.—CMoule, OCullmann Festschr., ’72, 231–37.ⓒ Because of its heavenly origin and nature this Spirit is called (the) Holy Spirit (cp. PGM 4, 510 ἵνα πνεύσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα.—Neither Philo nor Josephus called the Spirit πν. ἅγιον; the former used θεῖον or θεοῦ πν., the latter πν. θεῖον: Ant. 4, 118; 8, 408; 10, 239; but ἅγιον πνεῦμα Orig. C. Cels 1, 40, 16).α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (Is 63:10f; Ps 50:13; 142:10 v.l.; cp. Sus 45 Theod.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 10 [Stone p. 10]; JosAs 8:11 [codd. ADE]; AscIs 3, 15, 26; Just., D. 36, 6 al.) Mt 12:32 = Mk 3:29 = Lk 12:10 (τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα; on the ‘sin against the Holy Spirit’ s. HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 96–112; AFridrichsen, Le péché contre le Saint-Esprit: RHPR 3, 1923, 367–72). Mk 12:36; 13:11; Lk 2:26; 3:22; 10:21; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; 2:33; 5:3, 32; 7:51; 8:18 v.l.; 10:44, 47; 11:15; 13:2; 15:8, 28; 19:6; 20:23, 28; 21:11; 28:25; Eph 1:13 (τὸ πν. τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἅγιον); 4:30 (τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ); Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 16:2; 18:11 (Ps 50:13); 22:1; IEph 9:1; Hs 5, 5, 2; 5, 6, 5–7 (on the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Son in Hermas s. ALink, Christi Person u. Werk im Hirten des Hermas 1886; JvWalter, ZNW 14, 1913, 133–44; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. following Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 572–76).—τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα (Wsd 9:17; OdeSol 11:2; TestJob 51:2; ApcEsdr 7:16; Just. D. 25, 1 al.) Mt 28:19; Lk 12:10 (s. above), 12; Ac 1:8; 2:38 (epexegetic gen.); 4:31; 9:31; 10:45; 13:4; 16:6; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 13:13; 1J 5:7 v.l. (on the Comma Johanneum s. λόγο 3); GJs 24:4 (s. χρηματίζω 1bα). As the mother of Jesus GHb 20, 61 (HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 64ff; SHirsch, D. Vorstellg. v. e. weibl. πνεῦμα ἅγ. im NT u. in d. ältesten christl. Lit. 1927. Also WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 9ff).β. without the art. (s. B-D-F §257, 2; Rob. 761; 795) πνεῦμα ἅγιον (PGM 3, 289; Da 5:12 LXX; PsSol 17:37; AssMos Fgm. b; Just., D. 4, 1 al.; Ath. 24, 1. S. also Da Theod. 4:8, 9, 18 θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἅγιον or πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἅγιον) Mk 1:8; Lk 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25; 4:1; 11:13; J 20:22 (Cassien, La pentecôte johannique [J 20:19–23] ’39.—See also 1QS 4:20f); Ac 2:4a; 4:8; 7:55; 8:15, 17, 19; 9:17; 10:38; 11:24; 13:9; 19:2ab; Hb 2:4; 6:4; 1 Pt 1:12 v.l.; 1 Cl 2:2; AcPl 6:18; 9:4 (restored after Aa I 110, 11); AcPlCor 2:5.—So oft. in combination w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου Ac 1:2; 4:25; Ro 5:5; 2 Ti 1:14; 1 Cl 8:1 (cp. διὰ πν. αἰωνίου Hb 9:14). διὰ φωνῆς πν. ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 6. ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου (Eus., PE 3, 12, 3 of the Egyptians: ἐκ τ. πνεύματος οἴονται συλλαμβάνειν τὸν γῦπα. Here πνεῦμα= ‘wind’; s. Horapollo 1, 11 p. 14f. The same of other birds since Aristot.—On the neut. πνεῦμα as a masc. principle cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 13 of the two original principles: πατέρα μὲν φῶς, μητέρα δὲ σκότος) Mt 1:18, 20; IEph 18:2; GJs 14:2; 19:1 (pap). ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (PsSol 17:37; ApcZeph; Ar. 15, 1) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8 v.l.; Lk 3:16; J 1:33b; Ac 1:5 (cp. 1QS 3:7f); 11:16; Ro 9:1; 14:17; 15:16; 1 Cor 12:3b; 2 Cor 6:6; 1 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 1:12 (without ἐν v.l.); Jd 20. ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου 2 Pt 1:21. Cp. ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου Ro 15:13, 19 v.l. (for πνεύματος θεοῦ). μετὰ χαρᾶς πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6. διὰ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου Tit 3:5.ⓓ abs.α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα. In this connection the art. is perh. used anaphorically at times, w. the second mention of a word (s. B-D-F §252; Rob. 762); perh. Mt 12:31 (looking back to vs. 28 πν. θεοῦ); Mk 1:10, 12 (cp. vs. 8 πν. ἅγιον); Lk 4:1b, 14 (cp. vs. 1a); Ac 2:4b (cp. vs. 4a).—As a rule it is not possible to assume that anaphora is present: Mt 4:1; J 1:32, 33a; 3:6a, 8b (in wordplay), 34; 7:39a; Ac 8:29; 10:19; 11:12, 28; 19:1 D; 20:3 D, 22; 21:4; Ro 8:23 (ἀπαρχή 1bβ; 2), 26a, 27; 12:11; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:22 and 5:5 (KErlemann, ZNW 83, ’92, 202–23, and s. ἀρραβών); 12:18 (τῷ αὐτῷ πν.); Gal 3:2, 5, 14 (ἐπαγγελία 1bβ); Eph 4:3 (gen. of the author); 6:17 (perh. epexegetic gen.); 1 Ti 4:1a; Js 4:5; 1J 3:24; 5:6ab (some mss. add καὶ πνεύματος to the words διʼ ὕδατος κ. αἵματος at the beg. of the verse; this is approved by HvSoden, Moffatt, Vogels, Merk, and w. reservations by CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46, TManson, JTS 48, ’47, 25–33), vs. 8; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 14:13; 22:17; B 19:2, B 7= D 4:10 (s. ἐτοιμάζω b). ἐν τῷ πνεύματι (led) by the Spirit Lk 2:27.—Paul links this Spirit of God, known to every Christian, with Christ as liberating agent in contrast to legal constraint ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστιν the Lord means Spirit 2 Cor 3:17a (UHolzmeister, 2 Cor 3:17 Dominus autem Spiritus est 1908; JNisius, Zur Erklärung v. 2 Cor 3:16ff: ZKT 40, 1916, 617–75; JKögel, Ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 35–46; C Guignebert, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. II 1928, 7–22; EFuchs, Christus u. d. Geist b. Pls ’32; HHughes, ET 45, ’34, 235f; CLattey, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 187–89; DGriffiths ET 55, ’43, 81–83; HIngo, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61 [Paul]; JDunn, JTS 21, ’70, 309–20).β. without the art. πνεῦμα B 1:3. κοινωνία πνεύματος Phil 2:1 (κοινωνία 1 and 2). πνεύματι in the Spirit or through the Spirit Gal 3:3; 5:5, 16, 18; 1 Pt 4:6. εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν if we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit Gal 5:25. Freq. used w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. ἐξ (ὕδατος καὶ) πνεύματος J 3:5. ἐν πνεύματι in, by, through the Spirit Mt 22:43; Eph 2:22; 3:5; 5:18; 6:18; Col 1:8 (ἀγάπη ἐν πνεύματι love called forth by the Spirit); B 9:7. κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4f; Gal 4:29. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2 (s. ἁγιασμός).—In neg. expressions: οὔπω ἧν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39b. ψυχικοὶ πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες worldly people, who do not have the Spirit Jd 19.—ἓν πνεῦμα one and the same Spirit 1 Cor 12:13; Eph 2:18; 4:4; one (in) Spirit 1 Cor 6:17.ⓔ The Spirit is more closely defined by a gen. of thing: τὸ πν. τῆς ἀληθείας (TestJud 20:5) J 14:17; 15:26; 16:13 (in these three places the Spirit of Truth is the Paraclete promised by Jesus upon his departure); 1J 4:6 (opp. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης, as TestJud 20:1; PsSol 8:14 πλ. πλανήσεως; Just., D. 7, 3 πλάνου καὶ ἀκαθάρτου πνεύματος; cp. 1QS 4:23); τὸ τῆς δόξης πν. 1 Pt 4:14. τὸ πν. τῆς ζωῆς the Spirit of life Ro 8:2. το πν. τῆς πίστεως 2 Cor 4:13. πν. σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως Eph 1:17 (cp. Just., D. 87, 4). πν. υἱοθεσίας Ro 8:15b (opp. πν. δουλείας vs. 15a). πν. δυνάμεως AcPl Ha 8, 25. πν. δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 2 Ti 1:7 (opp. πν. δειλίας). τὸ πν. τῆς χάριτος (s. TestJud 24:2) Hb 10:29 (Zech 12:10); cp. 1 Cl 46:6.ⓕ Of Christ ‘it is written’ in Scripture: (ἐγένετο) ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν 1 Cor 15:45. The scripture pass. upon which the first part of this verse is based is Gen 2:7, where Wsd 15:11 also substitutes the words πνεῦμα ζωτικόν for πνοὴν ζωῆς (cp. Just., D. 6, 2). On the other hand, s. Philo, Leg. All. 1, 42 and s. the lit. s.v. Ἀδάμ ad loc.ⓖ The (divine) Pneuma stands in contrast to everything that characterizes this age or the finite world gener.: οὐ τὸ πν. τοῦ κόσμου ἀλλὰ τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12; cp. Eph 2:2 and 1 Ti 4:1ab.α. in contrast to σάρξ, which is more closely connected w. sin than any other earthly material (Just., D. 135, 6): J 3:6; Ro 8:4–6, 9a, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:17ab; 6:8. Cp. B 10:9. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος στρατεύεται Pol 5:3.β. in contrast to σῶμα (=σάρξ) Ro 8:10 and to σάρξ (=σῶμα, as many hold) J 6:63a (for τὸ πν. ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν cp. Philo, Op. Mund. 30; Herm. Wr. in Cyrill., C. Jul. I 556c=542, 24 Sc. the pneuma τὰ πάντα ζῳοποιεῖ καὶ τρέφει. S. also f above). Cp. Ro 8:11b.γ. in contrast to γράμμα, which is the characteristic quality of God’s older declaration of the divine will in the law: Ro 2:29; 7:6; 2 Cor 3:6ab, 8 (cp. vs. 7).δ. in contrast to the wisdom of humans 1 Cor 2:13.⑥ the Spirit of God as exhibited in the character or activity of God’s people or selected agents, Spirit, spirit (s. HPreisker, Geist u. Leben ’33).ⓐ πνεῦμα is accompanied by another noun, which characterizes the working of the Spirit more definitely: πνεῦμα καὶ δύναμις spirit and power Lk 1:17; 1 Cor 2:4. Cp. Ac 10:38; 1 Th 1:5. πνεῦμα καὶ ζωή J 6:63b. πνεῦμα κ. σοφία Ac 6:3; cp. vs. 10 (cp. TestReub 2:6 πνεῦμα λαλίας). πίστις κ. πνεῦμα ἅγιον 6:5 (cp. Just., D. 135, 6). χαρὰ καὶ πνεῦμα ἅγ. 13:52.ⓑ Unless frustrated by humans in their natural condition, the Spirit of God produces a spiritual type of conduct Gal 5:16, 25 and produces the καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος vs. 22 (s. Vögtle under πλεονεξία).ⓒ The Spirit inspires certain people of God B 12:2; B 13:5, above all, in their capacity as proclaimers of a divine revelation (Strabo 9, 3, 5 the πνεῦμα ἐνθουσιαστικόν, that inspired the Pythia; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; 33, 5 of the divine πν. that impels prophets and poets to express themselves; schol. on Pla. 856e of a μάντις: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 4 [=Fgm. 2, 4 p. 136 Holladay] τὸ θεῖον πν., καθʼ ὸ̔ καὶ προφήτης ἀνακεκήρυκται ‘[Moses possessed] the Divine Spirit with the result that he was proclaimed a prophet’; AscIs 1:7 τὸ πν. τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί; AssMos Fgm. f εἶδεν πνεύματι ἐπαρθείς; Just., A I, 38, 1 al.; Ath. 10, 3 τὸ προφητικὸν πν. Cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 23 of Proclus: οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ θείας ἐπινοίας … διαλέγεσθαι; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 23). προφητεία came into being only as ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 2 Pt 1:21; cp. Ac 15:29 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 8:1. David Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; cp. Ac 1:16; 4:25. Isaiah Ac 28:25. Moses B 10:2, B 9; the Spirit was also active in giving the tables of the law to Moses 14:2. Christ himself spoke in the OT διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου 1 Cl 22:1. The ἱεραὶ γραφαί are called αἱ διὰ τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἁγίου 45:2.—The Christian prophet Agabus also ἐσήμαινεν διὰ τοῦ πν. Ac 11:28; cp. Ac 21:11. Likew. Ign. IPhld 7:2. In general the Spirit reveals the most profound secrets to those who believe 1 Cor 2:10ab.—1 Cl claims to be written διὰ τοῦ ἁγ. πν. 63:2. On Ac 19:21 s. 3b.ⓓ The Spirit of God, being one, shows the variety and richness of its life in the different kinds of spiritual gifts which are granted to certain Christians 1 Cor 12:4, 7, 11; cp. vs. 13ab.—Vss. 8–10 enumerate the individual gifts of the Spirit, using various prepositions: διὰ τοὺ πν. vs. 8a; κατὰ τὸ πν. vs. 8b; ἐν τῷ πν. vs. 9ab. τὸ πν. μὴ σβέννυτε do not quench the Spirit 1 Th 5:19 refers to the gift of prophecy, acc. to vs. 20.—The use of the pl. πνεύματα is explained in 1 Cor 14:12 by the varied nature of the Spirit’s working; in vs. 32 by the number of persons who possess the prophetic spirit; on the latter s. Rv 22:6 and 19:10.ⓔ One special type of spiritual gift is represented by ecstatic speaking. Of those who ‘speak in tongues’ that no earthly person can understand: πνεύματι λαλεῖ μυστήρια expresses secret things in a spiritual way 1 Cor 14:2. Cp. vss. 14–16 and s. νοῦς 1b. τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις the Spirit pleads in our behalf with groans beyond words Ro 8:26b. Of speech that is ecstatic, but expressed in words that can be understood λαλεῖν ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7, 8; cp. vs. 9 (on the subject-matter 1 Cor 12:3; Jos., Ant. 4, 118f; TestJob 43:2 ἀναλαβὼν Ἐλιφᾶς πν. εἶπεν ὕμνον). Of the state of mind of the seer of the Apocalypse: ἐν πνεύματι Rv 17:3; 21:10; γενέσθαι ἐν πν. 1:10; 4:2 (s. γίνομαι 5c, ἐν 4c and EMoering, StKr 92, 1920, 148–54; RJeske, NTS 31, ’85, 452–66); AcPl Ha 6, 27. On the Spirit at Pentecost Ac 2:4 s. KLake: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 111–21. κατασταλέντος τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἐν Μύρτῃ when the Spirit (of prophecy) that was in Myrta ceased speaking AcPl Ha 7, 9.ⓕ The Spirit leads and directs Christian missionaries in their journeys (Aelian, NA 11, 16 the young women are led blindfolded to the cave of the holy serpent; they are guided by a πνεῦμα θεῖον) Ac 16:6, 7 (by dreams, among other methods; cp. vs. 9f and s. Marinus, Vi. Procli 27: Proclus ἔφασκεν προθυμηθῆναι μὲν πολλάκις γράψαι, κωλυθῆναι δὲ ἐναργῶς ἔκ τινων ἐνυπνίων). In Ac 16:6–7 τὸ ἅγιον πν. and τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ are distinguished.⑦ an activating spirit that is not fr. God, spirit: πν. ἔτερον a different (kind of) spirit 2 Cor 11:4. Cp. 2 Th 2:2; 1J 4:1–3. Because there are persons activated by such spirits, it is necessary to test the var. kinds of spirits (the same problem Artem. 3, 20 περὶ διαφορᾶς μάντεων, οἷς δεῖ προσέχειν καὶ οἷς μή) 1 Cor 12:10; 1J 4:1b. ὁ διάβολος πληροῖ αὐτὸν αὐτοῦ πν. Hm 11:3. Also οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε Lk 9:55 v.l. distinguishes betw. the spirit shown by Jesus’ disciples, and another kind of spirit.—Even more rarely a spirit divinely given that is not God’s own; so (in a quot. fr. Is 29:10) a πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ro 11:8.⑧ an independent transcendent personality, the Spirit, which appears in formulas that became more and more fixed and distinct (cp. Ath. 12, 2; Hippol., Ref. 7, 26, 2.—Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 12 θεόν, υἱόν πατρός, πνεῦμα ἐκ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον ἓν ἐκ τριῶν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς τρία, ταῦτα νόμιζε Ζῆνα, τόνδʼ ἡγοῦ θεόν=‘God, son of the father, spirit proceeding from the father, one from three and three from one, consider these as Zeus, think of this one as God’. The entire context bears a Christian impress.—As Aion in gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 2, 5 [Harv. I 21, 2]): βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the text s. βαπτίζω 2c; on the subject-matter GWalther, Die Entstehung des Taufsymbols aus dem Taufritus: StKr 95, 1924, 256ff); D 7:1, 3. Cp. 2 Cor 13:13; 1 Cl 58:2; IEph 9:1; IMg 13:1b, 2; MPol 14:3; 22:1, 3; Epil Mosq 5. On this s. HUsener, Dreiheit: RhM 58, 1903, 1ff; 161ff; 321ff; esp. 36ff; EvDobschütz, Zwei-u. dreigliedrige Formeln: JBL 50, ’31, 116–47 (also Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 92–100); Norden, Agn. Th. 228ff; JMainz, Die Bed. der Dreizahl im Judentum 1922; Clemen2 125–28; NSöderblom, Vater, Sohn u. Geist 1909; DNielsen, Der dreieinige Gott I 1922; GKrüger, Das Dogma v. der Dreieinigkeit 1905, 46ff; AHarnack, Entstehung u. Entwicklung der Kirchenverfassung 1910, 187ff; JHaussleiter, Trinitarischer Glaube u. Christusbekenntnis in der alten Kirche: BFCT XXV 4, 1920; JLebreton, Histoire du dogme de la Trinité I: Les origines6 1927; RBlümel, Pls u. d. dreieinige Gott 1929.—On the whole word FRüsche, D. Seelenpneuma ’33; HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 486–95; PVolz, Der Geist Gottes u. d. verwandten Erscheinungen im AT 1910; JHehn, Zum Problem des Geistes im alten Orient u. im AT: ZAW n.s. 2, 1925, 210–25; SLinder, Studier till Gamla Testamentets föreställningar om anden 1926; AMarmorstein, Der Hl. Geist in der rabb. Legende: ARW 28, 1930, 286–303; NSnaith, The Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 229–37; FDillistone, Bibl. Doctrine of the Holy Spirit: Theology Today 3, ’46/47, 486–97; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 341–46; ESchweizer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 482–508; DLys, Rûach, Le Souffle dans l’AT, ’62; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebr. Mngs. ’67, 202–93.—HGunkel, Die Wirkungen des Hl. Geistes2 1899; HWeinel, Die Wirkungen des Geistes u. der Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; EWinstanley, The Spirit in the NT 1908; HSwete, The Holy Spirit in the NT 1909, The Holy Spirit in the Ancient Church 1912; EScott, The Spirit in the NT 1923; FBüchsel, Der Geist Gottes im NT 1926; EvDobschütz, Der Geistbesitz des Christen im Urchristentum: Monatsschr. für Pastoral-theol. 20, 1924, 228ff; FBadcock, ‘The Spirit’ and Spirit in the NT: ET 45, ’34, 218–21; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 151–62 (Eng. tr. KGrobel, ’51, I 153–64); ESchweizer, Geist u. Gemeinde im NT ’52, Int 6, ’52, 259–78.—WTosetti, Der Hl. Geist als göttliche Pers. in den Evangelien 1918; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion. Der Ursprung des Geistbegriffs der Syn. Ev. aus der griech. Mystik 1922; AFrövig, Das Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. der Geist 1924; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist nach Syn. Überl.: Studies in Early Christianity, presented to FCPorter and BWBacon 1928, 209–36; FSynge, The Holy Spirit in the Gospels and Acts: CQR 120, ’35, 205–17; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit and the Gospel Trad. ’47.—ESokolowski, Die Begriffe Geist u. Leben bei Pls 1903; KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke bei Pls 1912; GVos, The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit: Bibl. and Theol. Studies by the Faculty of Princeton Theol. Sem. 1912, 209–59; HBertrams, Das Wesen des Geistes nach d. Anschauung des Ap. Pls 1913; WReinhard, Das Wirken des Hl. Geistes im Menschen nach den Briefen des Ap. Pls 1918; HHoyle, The Holy Spirit in St. Paul 1928; PGächter, Z. Pneumabegriff des hl. Pls: ZKT 53, 1929, 345–408; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 159–74 al. [Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, tr. WMontgomery ’31, 160–76 al.]; E-BAllo, RB 43, ’34, 321–46 [1 Cor]; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 8:11; Synge [s. above], CQR 119, ’35, 79–93 [Pauline epp.]; NWaaning, Onderzoek naar het gebruik van πνεῦμα bij Pls, diss. Amsterd. ’39; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 167–200.—HvBaer, Der Hl. Geist in den Lukasschriften 1926; MGoguel, La Notion joh. de l’Esprit 1902; JSimpson, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: Exp., 9th ser., 4, 1925, 292–99; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist im J.: Amicitiae Corolla (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 303–18; WLofthouse, The Holy Spirit in Ac and J: ET 52, ’40/41, 334–36; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: JTS 1 n.s., ’50, 1–15; FCrump, Pneuma in the Gospels, diss. Catholic Univ. of America, ’54; GLampe, Studies in the Gospels (RHLightfoot memorial vol.) ’55, 159–200; NHamilton, The Holy Spirit and Eschatology in Paul, ’57; WDavies, Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Flesh and Spirit: The Scrolls and the NT, ed. KStendahl, ’57, 157–82.—GJohnston, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ in the Qumran Lit.: NT Sidelights (ACPurdy Festschr.) ’60, 27–42; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT, RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II, ’66, 150–64; DHill, Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings, ’67, 202–93; WBieder, Pneumatolog. Aspekte im Hb, OCullmann Festschr. ’72, 251–59; KEasley, The Pauline Usage of πνεύματι as a Reference to the Spirit of God: JETS 27, ’84, 299–313 (statistics).—B. 260; 1087. Pauly-W. XIV 387–412. BHHW I 534–37. Schmidt, Syn. II 218–50. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG s.v. πνέω. M-M. Dict. de la Bible XI 126–398. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
94 sentir
sentir [sɑ̃tiʀ]➭ TABLE 161. transitive verb• il ne sent pas la différence entre le beurre et la margarine he can't tell the difference between butter and margarine• je ne sens plus mes jambes (de fatigue) my legs are dropping off (inf) (Brit) my legs are folding under me (US)• je ne le sens pas, ce type (inf) I don't like the look of himb. ( = avoir une odeur) to smell• sentir bon/mauvais to smell good/bad• ça ne sent pas la rose ! (inf) that doesn't smell too good!c. ( = dénoter) to smack ofd. ( = annoncer) ça sent le piège there's a trap• ça sent la pluie/la neige it looks like rain/snowe. ( = avoir conscience de) [+ changement, fatigue] to feel ; [+ importance de qch] to be aware of ; [+ danger, difficulté] to sense► se faire sentir [effet] to be felt• les effets des grèves vont se faire sentir à la fin du mois the effect of the strikes will be felt at the end of the month2. reflexive verba. [personne]• se sentir bien (physiquement, psychologiquement) to feel good• se sentir mieux/fatigué to feel better/tired• se sentir revivre/rajeunir to feel o.s. coming alive again/growing young again• il ne se sent plus ! (inf) he really thinks he's arrived!* * *sɑ̃tiʀ
1.
1) ( percevoir par l'odorat) to smell [parfum, fleur]2) (percevoir par le toucher, le corps, le goût) to feelj'ai marché trop longtemps, je ne sens plus mes pieds — I've been walking for too long, my feet are numb
sentir d'où vient le vent — lit, Nautisme to see how the wind blows ou lies; fig to see which way the wind is blowing
3) ( comprendre) to be conscious of [importance]; to feel [beauté, force]; to appreciate [difficulté]; to sense [danger, désapprobation]sentir que — ( percevoir) to feel that; ( avoir l'idée) to have a feeling that
je te sens inquiet, je sens que tu es inquiet — I can tell you're worried
se faire sentir — [besoin, présence, absence] to be felt
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( avoir une odeur) to smell2) ( puer) to smell3) ( révéler) to smack of
3.
se sentir verbe pronominal1) to feelne plus se sentir — (colloq) ( de joie) to be overjoyed; ( de vanité) to get above oneself
2) ( être perceptible) [phénomène, amélioration, effet] to be felt••je l'ai senti passer! — (piqûre, addition) it really hurt!; ( réprimande) I really got it in the neck!
* * *sɑ̃tiʀ1. vt"Ça t'a fait mal?" — "Non, je n'ai rien senti." — "Did it hurt?" — "No, I didn't feel a thing."
2) (= ressentir) to feelfaire sentir; Il m'a bien fait sentir que j'étais de trop. — He certainly made me feel I was in the way.
3) (répandre une odeur de) to smell ofÇa sent les frites ici. — It smells of chips in here.
4) (= dénoter, annoncer) to smack of5) * (= supporter) to standIl ne peut pas le sentir. — He can't stand him.
Il ne peut pas la sentir. — He can't stand her.
2. viÇa sent bon ici. — It smells good in here.
Ça sent mauvais ici. — It smells bad in here.
* * *sentir verb table: partirA vtr1 ( percevoir par l'odorat) to smell [parfum, fleur]; on sentait les foins or l'odeur des foins we could smell the hay; tu ne sens pas une odeur? can't you smell something?; je ne sens rien I can't smell anything; fais-moi sentir ce fromage let me smell that cheese; on sent que tu fumes le cigare one can tell that you smoke cigars by the smell;2 (percevoir par le toucher, le corps, le goût) to feel; sentir le froid/un caillou to feel the cold/a stone; je ne sens rien I can't feel anything; je ne sens plus mes orteils tellement j'ai froid I'm so cold I can't feel my toes any more; j'ai marché trop longtemps, je ne sens plus mes pieds I've been walking for too long, my feet are numb; elle m'a fait sentir sa bosse she made me feel her lump; on sent qu'il y a du vin dans la sauce one can smell ou taste the wine in the sauce; sentir d'où vient le vent lit, Naut to see how the wind blows ou lies; fig to see which way the wind is blowing; le froid commence à se faire sentir the cold weather is setting in; les effets du médicament se feront bientôt sentir the effects of the medicine will soon be felt;3 ( avoir conscience de) to be conscious of [importance]; ( percevoir) to feel [beauté, force]; ( apprécier) to appreciate [difficulté]; ( percevoir intuitivement) to sense [danger, désapprobation]; sentir les beautés d'un texte/la force d'une expression to feel the beauty of a text/the force of an expression; as-tu bien senti le message de ce film? did you fully appreciate the message of the film?; sentir que ( percevoir) to feel that; ( avoir l'idée) to have a feeling that; je sens qu'il est sincère I feel that he's sincere; je sens que ce livre te plaira I have a feeling that you'll like this book; on sent que l'hiver approche it feels wintry; il ne sent pas sa force he doesn't know his own strength; il ne sent pas (les subtilités de) l'art moderne he has no feeling for (the subtleties of) modern art; je te sens inquiet, je sens que tu es inquiet I can tell you're worried; faire sentir son autorité to make one's authority felt; les mesures commencent à faire sentir leurs effets the effects of the measures are beginning to make themselves felt ou to be felt; je leur ai fait sentir mon désaccord I made it clear to them that I didn't agree; faire sentir le rythme d'un poème to bring out the rhythm of a poem; se faire sentir [besoin, présence, absence] to be felt.B vi1 ( avoir une odeur) to smell; sentir bon/mauvais/fort to smell nice/bad/strong; tu sens le vin! you smell of wine!; ça sent le chou/la charogne/la cigarette it smells of cabbage/carrion/cigarettes; herbes qui sentent bon la Provence herbs smelling ou redolent sout of Provence; ça sent bon le café there's a nice smell of coffee; ça sent drôle ici there's a funny smell in here; fleurs qui ne sentent pas flowers which don't have a scent;2 ( puer) to smell; le poisson commence à sentir the fish is beginning to smell; qu'est-ce qui sent (comme ça)? what's that smell?; sentir des pieds/aisselles to have smelly feet/armpits; sentir de la bouche to have bad breath;3 ( révéler) to smack of; ta douleur/ton attitude sent la comédie or le théâtre your grief/your attitude smacks of insincerity; une fille qui sent la or sa province a girl with a touch of the provinces about her; ciel nuageux qui sent l'orage cloudy sky that heralds a storm.C se sentir vpr1 ( avoir la sensation de) to feel; se sentir mieux/las/chez soi to feel better/tired/at home; se sentir surveillé to feel that one is being watched; elle ne s'est pas sentie visée par ma remarque she didn't feel that my remark was aimed at her; elle s'est sentie rougir she felt herself blushing; elle s'est senti piquer par un moustique she felt a mosquito bite; non mais tu te sens bien (dans ta tête)○? are you feeling all right (in the head)○?; ne plus se sentir○ ( de joie) to be overjoyed; ( de vanité) to get above oneself; ne plus se sentir de joie○ to be beside oneself with joy;2 ( se reconnaître) to feel; se sentir assez fort pour faire, se sentir la force de faire to feel strong enough to do; se sentir libre de faire to feel free to do; se sentir victime d'une machination to feel that one is the victim of a scheme; se sentir une obligation envers qn to feel an obligation towards sb;3 ( être perceptible) [phénomène, amélioration, effet] to be felt; les sanctions commencent à se sentir the sanctions are beginning to bite, the effects of the sanctions are beginning to be felt.je ne peux pas le sentir I can't stand him; je l'ai senti passer! (piqûre, addition) it really hurt!; ( réprimande) I really got it in the neck!; elle va la sentir passer! (piqûre, addition) it's going to hurt!; ( réprimande) she's going to get it in the neck![sɑ̃tir] verbe transitifA.[AVOIR UNE IMPRESSION DE]1. [par l'odorat] to smell[par le toucher] to feel[par le goût] to tasteje ne sens plus ma main [d'ankylose] my hand's gone numb ou deadje ne sens plus mes jambes [de fatigue] my legs are killing meje n'ai pas senti l'après-midi/les années passer the afternoon/years just flashed byj'ai senti qu'on essayait de mettre la main dans ma poche I was aware ou I felt that someone was trying to reach into my pocketle sentir passer, la sentir passer (familier) [douleur, claque]: je l'ai sentie passer that really hurtvous allez la sentir passer, l'amende! you'll certainly know about it when you get the fine!c'est lui qui a payé le repas, il a dû le sentir passer! he paid for the meal, it must have cost him an arm and a leg!2. [avoir l'intuition de - mépris, présence, réticence] to feel, to sense, to be aware of ; [ - danger, menace] to be aware ou conscious of, to senseje le sentais venir (de loin) avec son petit air innocent! (familier) I could see him coming (a mile off) with that innocent look on his face!je le sentais prêt/résolu I could feel ou tell he was ready/determinedje sens bien qu'il m'envie I can feel ou tell that he envies mej'ai senti qu'on me suivait I felt ou sensed (that) I was being followedfaire sentir quelque chose à quelqu'un to make somebody aware of something, to show somebody somethingil m'a fait sentir que j'étais de trop he made me understand ou he hinted that I was in the wayles conséquences de votre décision se feront sentir tôt ou tard the implications of your decision will be felt sooner or later5. (familier) [être convaincu par]je ne le sens pas, ton projet I'm not convinced by your project6. [maîtriser - instrument, outil] to have a feel for ; [ - rôle, mouvement à exécuter] to feel at ease with7. (familier) [tolérer]je ne peux pas sentir sa sœur I can't bear the sight of ou stand her sisterje ne peux pas sentir ses blagues sexistes I can't stomach ou I just can't take his sexist jokesB.[EXHALER, DONNER UNE IMPRESSION]les roses ne sentent rien the roses don't smell (of anything) ou have no smellça sent bon le lilas, ici there's a nice smell of lilac in here2. [annoncer]ça sent la pluie/neige it feels like rain/snowse faire sentir [devenir perceptible] to be felt, to become obviousson interprétation/style sent un peu trop le travail her performance/style is rather too constrainedce n'est pas un acte de vandalisme, ça sentirait plutôt la vengeance it's not pure vandalism, it feels more like revenge————————[sɑ̃tir] verbe intransitif1. [avoir une odeur] to smella. [fleur, parfum] it smells niceb. [nourriture] it smells good ou niceça commence à sentir mauvais, filons! (familier & figuré) things are beginning to turn nasty, let's get out of here!il sent des pieds his feet smell, he's got smelly feet————————se sentir verbe pronominal (emploi réciproque)————————se sentir verbe pronominal (emploi passif)il ne l'aime pas — ça se sent he doesn't like her — you can tell (he doesn't) ou you can sense it————————se sentir verbe pronominal intransitifse sentir en sécurité/danger to feel safe/threateneda. [s'évanouir] to feel faintb. [être indisposé] to feel illse sentir bien to feel good ou all rightje ne m'en sens pas capable I don't feel up to it ou equal to itelle ne se sent plus depuis qu'elle a eu le rôle (familier) she's been really full of it since she landed the partne plus se sentir de joie to be bursting ou beside oneself with joy————————se sentir verbe pronominal transitifje ne me sens pas le courage/la force de marcher I don't feel up to walking/have the strength to walk -
95 volonté
volonté [vɔlɔ̃te]feminine nouna. ( = souhait, intention) wish ; ( = faculté) will• accomplir/respecter la volonté de qn to carry out/respect sb's wishes• volonté de guérir/réussir will to recover/succeed• « café à volonté » "as much coffee as you like"b. ( = disposition) bonne volonté willingness• il a beaucoup de bonne volonté mais peu d'aptitude he shows great willingness but not much aptitude• il met de la bonne/mauvaise volonté à faire son travail he goes about his work willingly/grudgingly• il fait preuve de bonne/mauvaise volonté he has a positive/negative attitudec. ( = caractère, énergie) willpower* * *vɔlɔ̃te
1.
1) ( disposition) willfaire preuve de bonne/mauvaise volonté — to show goodwill/ill-will
elle y met de la mauvaise volonté — she's doing it with bad grace or reluctantly
2) ( trait de caractère) willpower
2.
à volonté locution adverbiale1) ( autant que l'on veut)‘vin/pain/crudités à volonté’ — ‘unlimited wine/bread/salad’
2) ( comme on veut) [modulable] as required* * *vɔlɔ̃te nf1) [peuple] will2) (= énergie, fermeté) willpowerIl a beaucoup de volonté. — He's got a lot of willpower., He's strong-willed.
3) (= souhait, désir) wish4) (= disposition)bonne volonté — goodwill, willingness
mauvaise volonté — lack of goodwill, unwillingness
* * *A nf1 ( disposition) will; imposer sa volonté to impose one's will (à qn on sb); la volonté du peuple the will of the people; il a été inscrit contre sa volonté he was entered against his will; même avec la meilleure volonté du monde even with the best will in the world; ‘que ta volonté soit faite’ Relig ‘thy will be done’; bonne/mauvaise volonté goodwill/ill-will; faire preuve de bonne/mauvaise volonté to show goodwill/ill-will; être plein de bonne volonté to be full of goodwill; une personne/un geste de bonne volonté a person/an act of goodwill; elle y met de la mauvaise volonté she's doing it with bad grace or reluctantly; contrarier/aller contre la volonté de qn to thwart/go against sb's wishes; deux volontés contraires se sont exprimées two opposing wishes were expressed; manifester la volonté de faire to show one's willingness to do; leur volonté de signer les accords/refuser le compromis est claire their willingness to sign the agreements/refuse the compromise is clear; volonté de puissance/conquête/paix/vengeance desire for power/conquest/peace/revenge; faire appel aux bonnes volontés to appeal for volunteers; pour des raisons indépendantes de notre volonté for reasons beyond our control; ⇒ dernier, quatre;2 ( trait de caractère) willpower; avoir de la volonté to have willpower; faire preuve de volonté to show willpower; c'est une question de volonté it's a question of willpower; réussir à faire qch à force de volonté to succeed in doing sth by sheer willpower; avoir une volonté de fer to have an iron will.B à volonté loc adv2 ( comme on veut) [modulable] as required.[vɔlɔ̃te] nom fémininavoir de la volonté/beaucoup de volonté to have willpower/a strong willavoir une volonté de fer to have a will of iron ou an iron willil manque de volonté he lacks willpower, he doesn't have enough willpowerfaire quelque chose/aller contre la volonté de quelqu'un to do something/go against somebody's willla volonté de gagner/survivre the will to win/to survivela volonté divine ou de Dieu God's willque Ta/Votre volonté soit faite Thy will be done3. [disposition]allez, lève-toi, c'est de la mauvaise volonté! come on, get up, you're not really trying!————————à volonté locution adjectivalecafé à volonté as much coffee as you want, unlimited coffee————————à volonté locution adverbiale[arrêter, continuer] at will -
96 върна
вж. връщам* * *въ̀рна,връ̀щам гл.1. ( нещо) return, give/bring/take/send back, restore; ( някого) send back; ( храна за стомах) reject; \върна ( нещо купено) take back; \върна в по-долен клас put back; \върна годеж break off an engagement; \върна дело refer back a case (в to), bring a case before the court; \върна живота на, \върна към живот restore/bring back to life; bring to life again; \върна заем repay a loan; \върна залог refund a deposit; \върна книга return a book; \върна на работа reinstate s.o. in his job/post, restore s.o. to his old job; \върна ( пари) неточно give inaccurate change; \върна нещо на мястото му put back/return/restore s.th. to its place; ( нещо взето, намерено, откраднато) restore; ( пари) pay back, refund, reimburse; \върна някому със същото pay s.o. back in his own coin, амер. разг. even up on s.o.; \върна ( остатък) от give change for; \върна откраднатото имущество recover stolen property; \върна пари на купувач give change; \върна ( пари) повече give change in excess; \върна поздрав return a greeting; \върна ( пари) по-малко give short change, short-change; \върна посещение repay a visit, pay a return visit; \върна свободата на restore s.o. to liberty; \върна територия hand back a territory; \върна топка send back a ball; \върна удар strike back; връщат ми парите have o.’s money back;2. ( накарвам някого да се върне) make s.o. come back; ( отказвам да приема стока, да взема ученик) refuse; ( купувач, посетител, просяк) turn away; \върна ( страна) няколко десетилетия назад throw/push/thrust several decades back; \върна тъпкано give it (s.o.) back hot and strong; get o.’s own back with a vengeance; ще ти го върна I’ll get my own back, I’ll be/get even with you;\върна се go back, come back, return, be/turn back ( при to); ( към предишното състояние, тема) revert (to); ( към предишно лошо състояние) relapse (into); връща се доброто ми настроение regain o.’s spirits, recover o.’s good humour; връща се здравето ми recover o.’s health; връща се свободата ми have o.’s freedom restored; връща се увереността ми recover o.’s confidence; \върна се към миналото look back on the past; \върна се към първобитното си състояние revert to type/o.’s pristine condition; \върна се към старите си навици relapse into o.’s old habits; \върна се на главата на recoil on, boomerang; \върна се отново и отново ( към тема) harp on, ring the changes on; \върна се при родителите си be reunited with o.’s parents; \върна се по същия път go back the same way/the way one came, retrace o.’s. steps; \върна се с впечатления (от някъде) bring back impressions; все се \върна към миналото hark back on he past; \върна се в съзнание regain consciousness; очаква се той да се върне he is expected back; • да ви се връща the same to yoy; ще ти се върне it’ll come home to you; той замина, за да не се върне вече he went away never to return.* * *вж. връщам -
97 kuyruk
"1. tail. 2. rear end, tail end, tail (of a vehicle or procession). 3. line, Brit. queue. 4. follower, attendant; retinue, suite (said sarcastically). 5. train (of a dress). 6. ponytail. 7. corner (of the eye). 8. breech (of a cannon). - acısı desire for vengeance; rancor. -una basmak /ın/ to make (someone) angry, put (someone) in a temper. -ta beklemek to wait in line. - çekmek /a/ to draw a line extending away from the corner of (one´s eye) (with a cosmetic). -u dikmek colloq. to run away; to take to one´s heels, skedaddle. -a girmek to join the line, Brit. get in the queue. -u kapana kısılmak/sıkışmak colloq. to be in a tight spot, be in a difficult position. -unu kısmak 1. to tuck its tail between its legs. 2. colloq. to be cowed, tuck one´s tail. -unu kıstırmak /ın/ colloq. to put (someone) in an embarrassing position, take (someone) down a peg or two, put (someone) in his place. - olmak to line up, form a line, Brit. queue up. - omurları anat. coccyges. - sallamak 1. to wag its tail. 2. colloq. to fawn over someone, play up to someone. -una teneke bağlamak /ın/ to make (someone) a laughingstock. -u titretmek/titremek slang to die, kick the bucket, give up the ghost." -
98 osvetiti se
vr pf revenge oneself (nekome... za on... for), take/have/get (one's) revenge (on... for), form wreak vengeance (on), coll get back (at); (uzvratiti) get even with, retaliate; settle a personal grudge | osvetiti se ću ti se za ovo! I'll get you for this!; želi se* * *• revenge• wreak• avenge -
99 ἀξιόω
ἀξιόω impf. ἠξίουν (s. B-D-F §328); fut. ἀξιώσω; 1 aor. ἠξίωσα. Pass. pres. impv. ἀξιούσθω; 1 fut. ἀξιωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἠξιώθην Gen. 31:28; pf. ἠξίωμαι (Trag., Hdt.+).① to consider suitable for requital or for receipt of someth. consider worthy, deserving τινά τινος (Diod S 17, 76, 3 τιμῆς ἠξίωσαν αὐτόν; schol. on Nicander, Alex. 8; 2 Macc 9:15; Jos., Vi. 231; Tat.; Mel., P. 97, 940) someone of someth. σὲ λόγου (Eur., Med. 962 ἡμᾶς ἀξιοῖ λόγου) you of a discussion MPol 10:2; cp. 14:2. ἵνα ὑμᾶς ἀξιώσῃ τ. κλήσεως ὁ θεός that God may count you worthy of the call (so KJV, 20th Century, Goodsp., REB et al.; ‘make worthy’ NRSV et al. lacks lexical support) that you are already heeding 2 Th 1:11; pass. Dg 9:1 (opp. ‘be adjudged unworthy’ of eternal life); also pass. (Diod S 16, 59, 2 τ. στρατηγίας ἠξιωμένος; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1212–14a; Jos., Ant. 2, 258 τιμῆς) διπλῆς τιμῆς ἀξιοῦσθαι 1 Ti 5:17 (cp. Tat. 10, 2 τιμῆς καὶ δωρεᾶς). δόξης Hb 3:3. In connection with an undesirable consequence (Hdt. 3, 145; Diod S 16, 64, 1 ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου τιμωρίας ἠξιώθησαν) χείρονος τιμωρίας Hb 10:29 (Diod S 34+35, Fgm. 3 τῆς αὐτῆς τιμωρίας ἀξιῶσαί τινα). W. inf. foll. οὐδὲ ἐμαυτὸν ἠξίωσα πρὸς σὲ ἐλθεῖν I did not consider myself worthy to come to you Lk 7:7; MPol 20:1. Pass. w. inf. foll. be considered worthy (Simplicius in Epict. p. 110, 37 ἀξιοῦσθαι μανθάνειν; Gen 31:28; Just., D. 123, 1 λαὸς κεκλῆσθαι ἠξιωμένοι) IEph 9:2; 21:2; IMg 2:14; IRo 1:1.② to make an evaluation concerning the suitability of someth., esp. an activity (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 34 §154; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 319; Jos., Ant. 1, 307; Just., A I, 68, 3 al.; Ath. 2, 3 al.)ⓐ deem, hold an opinion, w. inf. foll. (EpJer 40; Just., A I, 16, 14 [acc. w. inf.]; 23:1 al.; Ath.) ἠξίου, μὴ συνπαραλαμβάνειν τοῦτον he insisted (impf.) that they should not take him along Ac 15:38. ἀξιοῦμεν παρὰ σοῦ ἀκοῦσαι we would like to hear from you Ac 28:22. Cp. Dg 3:2; 7:1.ⓑ request, ask (a sense characteristic of later Gk.), w. implication of evaluation of need and ability of the potential giver to meet it (X., Mem. 3, 11, 12; Herodas 6, 79; so mostly LXX; Just., D. 106, 1) w. inf. foll. (Demet.: 722 Fgm. 1, 6 Jac.; Jos., ant. 1. 338; Alex. Aphr., An. Mant. II, 1 p. 184, 2 ἀξ. παρὰ θεῶν μαθεῖν=ask to learn from the gods; Just., A I, 3, 12 al.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13) Ac 13:42 and 43 both v.l.; 1 Cl 51:1; 53:5; 59:4. W. acc. of pers. and ἵνα foll. Hv 4, 1, 3. Only w. acc. of pers. 1 Cl 55:6. In the passages from 1 Cl and H the request is directed to God (so UPZ 78, 22 [159 B.C.]. Prayers for vengeance from Rheneia in Dssm., LO 352, 354 [LAE 423ff ]=SIG 1181, 1f [II/I B.C.] ἐπικαλοῦμαι καὶ ἀξιῶ τ. θεὸν τὸν ὕψιστον. Jer 7:16; 11:14; EpArist 245).—DELG s.v. ἄξιος. M-M. TW. -
100 мстить
гл.to avenge;exact (inflict, take, wreak) vengeance (on | upon - for);have revenge;revenge oneself (on | upon - for)
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