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81 Zizka, Count Jan
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. c. 1376d. 11 October 1424 Pibyslav, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)[br]Bohemian soldier and armoured fighting vehicle pioneer.[br]Brought up in the court of King Wencelas IV of Bohemia, Zizka became a mercenary, fighting for the Poles and losing an eye in the process. In 1410 he returned to Bohemia and became a follower of the religious reformer Jan Hus, who was martyred five years later, although his Hussite movement continued after his death. In 1419 Wencelas died, and his half-brother, Sigismund, an anti-Hussite, attempted to secure the throne. The result was war. Zizka organized a peasant force, the Taborites, who quickly made their mark with their discipline and tactical originality. Not only was Zizka the first to handle his infantry, cavalry and artillery as one, but through the mounting of guns on armoured carts he also pioneered the concept of the armoured fighting vehicle as it is known today. In 1420 he overthrew Sigismund, but lost his remaining eye, and continued to fight against the forces of the Pope and other Hussite bands until his death from plague.CM -
82 Svalbard und Jan Mayen Insel
Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch > Svalbard und Jan Mayen Insel
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83 Mail Quality Analysis (started Jan . 2000) program
Abbreviation: MQAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Mail Quality Analysis (started Jan . 2000) program
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84 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
Abbreviation: SJУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
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85 á-þján
f. oppression, tyranny, oppressive rule, Eg. 14, 47, Fms. v. 26: servitude, heavy-burdens (= álögur), vii. 75, x. 416 (where áþjánar, pl.), Sks. 79, v. l. ( coercion).COMPD: áþjánarok. -
86 hand-iðjan
f. = hannyrð, Bs. i. 619. -
87 iðjan
f. = iðn, Skáld H. 7. 53. -
88 kviðjan
f. banishment, a ban, K. Á. 202, Bs. ii. 64. -
89 áþján
f. oppression, harsh or oppressive rule. -
90 handiðjan
f. hand-work. -
91 menm jan
alike, just as -
92 ranje yon lòt jan
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93 tout jan
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94 yon lòt jan
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95 yon ti jan
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96 Matzeliger, Jan
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1852 Surinamd. 1889 Lynn, Massachusetts, (?) USA[br]African-American inventor of the shoe-lasting machine.[br]He served an apprenticeship as a machinist in his native country, Surinam. As a young man he emigrated to New England in the USA, but he was unable to secure employment in his trade. To survive, he took various odd jobs, including sewing soles on to shoes in a factory at Lynn, Massachusetts, a centre of the shoemaking industry. Much of the shoemaking process had already been mechanized, but lasting remained laborious, painstaking hand work. Matzeliger turned his undoubted inventive powers to mechanizing this operation. It took him four years to achieve a working model of a mechanical last that could be patented. By this time his health and finances had been undermined by the struggle to reach this stage; to raise funds he had to dispose of two-thirds of his rights in his patent to two local investors. Eventually he demonstrated a trial model of his lasting machine and successfully lasted seventy-five pairs of shoes. Not satisfied with that, Matzeliger went on to produce two improved machines, protected by further patents. Finally, the United Shoe Machine Company bought up his patents, but that relief came too late to prevent Matzeliger from dying in poor circumstances. The mechanization of shoe lasting made a significant contribution to the manufacture of shoes, raising production and reducing costs. It also effectively extinguished the final element of skilled hand work required in shoemaking, earning him considerable unpopularity among the workers who were about to be displaced, and resulting in the machine being derogatorily nicknamed "Niggerhead".[br]Further ReadingP.P.James, 1989, The Real McCoy: African-American Invention and Innovation 1619– 1930, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 70–2.LRD -
97 जन्
jan
- nāt AV. VI, 81, 3 ;
Ā. - nata RV. X, 123, 7 ;
impf. ájanat RV. ;
p. jánat), janáyati, - te (in later language only P. Pāṇ. 1-3, 86 ;
Subj. - náyat;
impf. ájanayat;
aor. ájījanat;
p. janáyat;
inf. jánayitavai ṠBr. XIV),
twice cl. 3. (Subj. jajánat MaitrS. I, 3, 20 and 9, 1 Kāṭh. IX, 8 ;
cf. Pāṇ. 6-1, 192 and VII, 4, 78 Kāṡ. ;
pr. jajanti Dhātup. XXV, 24 ;
aor. Ā. jánishṭa;
Ā. ájani RV. II, 34, 2 ;
perf. jajā́na;
3. pl. jajñúr RV. etc.;
once jajanúr VIII, 97, 10 p. - jñivas;
Ved. inf. jánitos, IV, 6, 7 AitBr. ṠBr. III ;
Pāṇ. 3-4, 6 ;
Ved. ind. p. -nitvī́ RV. X, 65, 7)
to generate, beget, produce, create, cause RV. AV. etc.;
to produce (a song of praise, etc.) RV. ;
(cl. 10. orᅠ Caus.) to cause to be born AV. VII, 19, 1; XIII, 1, 19 VarBṛ. XIV, 1; XIX, ;
to assign, procure RV. VS. XIX, 94:
cl. 4. jā́yate (ep. alsoᅠ - ti;
impf. ájāyata;
pr. p. jayamāna;
fut. janishyate;
aor. áanishṭa;
√1. RV. VIII, 6, 10 andᅠ 3. sg. ájani;
3. sáni jáni I, 141, 1 ;
jā́ni, 7, 36;
perf. jajñé, 2. sg. - jñishé 3. pl. - jñiré, p. - jñāná) andᅠ < RV. > cl., 2. (?) Ā. (2. sg. jañishé, 2. pl. - jiñre, - nishvā Impv. 15, 18>, - nidhvam cf. Pāṇ. 7-2, 78 ;
impf. 3. p. ajñata <aor. Pāṇ. 2-4, 80 > AitBr.), twice cl. 1. Ā. (impf. 3. pl. ajanatā RV. IV, 5, 5 ;
p. jánamāna VIII, 99, 3)
to be born orᅠ produced, come into existence RV. AV. etc.;
to grow (as plants, teeth) AV. IV f. AitBr. VII, 1 5 ṠBr. XIV KātyṠr. Mn. IX, 38 VarBṛS. ;
to be born as, be by birth orᅠ nature (with double nom.) MBh. I, 11, 15 Pañcat. IV, 1, 5 ;
to be born orᅠ destined for acc.) RV. IV, 5, 5 MuṇḍUp. III, 1, 10 ;
(v.l. jayate for jāy-);
to be born again Mn. IV, IX, XI f. MBh. I, III, XIII Hit. Introd. 14 ;
to become, be RV. AV. etc.;
to be changed into (dat.) Pāṇ. 2-3, 13 Kāṡ. ;
to take place, happen Vet. I, 11; IV, 25 ;
to be possible orᅠ applicable orᅠ suitable Suṡr. ;
to generate, produce R. III, 20, 17 Caraṇ.:
Pass. janyate, to be born orᅠ produced Pāṇ. 6-4, 43:
Desid. jijanishati, 42 Kāṡ.:
Intens. jañjanyate andᅠ jājāy-, 43 (cf. Vop. XX, 1 7);
+ cf. γίγνομαι;
Lat. gigno, (g)nascor;
Hib. genim, « I beget, generate»
ján-m. (Pāṇ. 6-4, 53) a progenitor, father,
γενετήρ,
Lat. genitor
RV. VS. AV. ChUp. ṠvetUp. Pañcat. ;
( jánitrī) f. a mother, γενέτειρα; genitrix RV. AV. TS. IV Gobh. MBh. VarBṛS.
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98 enero
• Jan• Jan.• January -
99 Janmaat
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100 janeiro
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