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τημελέω (Eur., Pla. et al.; Sym. Ps 30:4 and Is 40:11; Philo; Jos., Ant. 1, 252; 2, 79) care for, look after τινά someone (Eur., Iph. A. 731; Plut., Mor. 148d; Sext. Emp., Math. 1, 249) τὸν ἀσθενῆ 1 Cl 38:2.—DELG.

τίτλος, ου, ὁ (Lat. loanw.=titulus: ins [Hahn 231, 10, w. lit.; Hatch 143f]; later pap; Jer 21:4 in Aq., Sym., Theod.; Mel., P. 95, 727) inscription, notice on the cross, which gave the reason for condemnation J 19:19f (on this custom s. Sueton., Calig. 32, Domit. 10; Cass. Dio 54, 8; also the letter of the churches at Lyons and Vienne: Eus., HE 5, 1, 44). P-FRegard, Le titre de la Croix d’après les Év.: RevArch 28, 1928, 95–105.—M-M.

τιτρώσκω 1 aor. ἔτρωσα LXX. Pass. fut. τρωθήσομαι LXX; aor. 2 sg. ἐτρώθης Is 57:10 Sym.; pf. τέτρωμαι 3 Km 22:34, ptc. τετρωμένος (Hom.+; ins, LXX, Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 526, Ant. 7, 128) to inflict a wound, wound, injure, damage in imagery of damage to the inner life τετρωμένος κατὰ διάνοιαν wounded in mind (διάνοια 1) GPt 7:26 (cp. 2 Macc 3:16 τιτρώσκεσθαι τὴν διάνοιαν; Diod S 17, 112 τετρωμένος τὴν ψυχήν; Herodian 1, 8, 7; Philo).—DELG.

τρίζω (intr. Hom., Hdt. et al., likewise Am 2:13 Aq; Is 38:14 Sym. [fut. τρίσω]) orig. ‘utter a shrill cry’, of sounds made by birds (Hom. et al.), then of a variety of sounds including creaking of mobile objects, also of teeth that grind (Epicharmus, Fgm. 21 Kaibel, Com. Gr. Fgm. p. 94, in Athen. 10, 411b), trans. in the only place where it occurs in our lit. gnash, grind τρίζειν τοὺς ὀδόντας gnash or grind the teeth (Ps.-Callisth. 3, 22, 13 [twice]; Cyranides p. 46, 5; TestSol 12:2) Mk 9:18. S. B-D-F §148, 1.—DELG. M-M.

τρίστεγον, ου, τό (τρεῖς, στέγη) the third story of a building, the third story, the second above ground level (Gen 6:16 Sym.—Neut. of τρίστεγος=‘of three stories’ [Dionys. Hal. 3, 68; Jos., Bell. 5, 220; pap]) Ac 20:9.—M-M s.v. τρίστεγος.

φλέγω fut. 3 sg. φλέξει LXX, pass. φλεγήσεται (Ps 88:47 Sym.) (Hom.+; ins; PSI 28, 12; PGM 4, 1732; LXX; TestSol 1:10; En; Philo, Op. M. 58; SibOr 3, 761) ‘burn’, pass. ‘be burned, burn’.

① to be in flames, burn (Alciphron 1, 2, 1; Aristobulus: Eus., PE 8, 10, 13ff [p. 220, 10ff Denis=p. 144, 96 Holladay]; Jos., Bell. 6, 272) of the mud in the nether world ApcPt 8:23.

② to experience an intense emotion, be on fire, fig. ext. of 1 (Chariton 8, 8, 7; Dio Chrys. 4, 52 φλεγόμενος ὑπὸ τ. φιλοτιμίας; Achilles Tat. 7, 3, 7; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 151; Anth. Pal. 16, 209 ὅλος φλέγομαι; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 224) ἐφλέγοντο ὑπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς they were inflamed with anger GPt 12:50.—B. 75. DELG.

φρονίμως adv. of φρόνιμος (Aristoph. et al.; X., Ages. 1, 17; PLond VI, 1927, 36; Eccl 7:11 Sym.; Philo; Jos., Ant. 19, 112) prudently, shrewdly Lk 16:8.—M-M.

χαριτόω (χάρις) 1 aor. ἐχαρίτωσα; pf. pass. ptc. κεχαριτωμένος (Sir 18:17; Ps 17:26 Sym.; EpArist 225; TestJos 1:6; BGU 1026, XXIII, 24 [IV A.D.]; Cat. Cod. Astr. XII 162, 14; Rhet. Gr. I 429, 31; Achmes 2, 18) to cause to be the recipient of a benefit, bestow favor on, favor highly, bless, in our lit. only w. ref. to the divine χάρις (but Did., Gen. 162, 8 of Noah διὰ τῶν τῆς ἀρετῆς ἔργων χαριτώσας ἑαυτόν): ὁ κύριος ἐχαρίτωσεν αὐτοὺς ἐν πάσῃ πράξει αὐτῶν Hs 9, 24, 3. τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ θεοῦ), ἧς ἐχαρίτωσεν ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ God’s great favor, with which he favored us through his beloved (Son) Eph 1:6. Pass. (Libanius, Progymn. 12, 30, 12 vol. VIII p. 544, 10 F. χαριτούμενος=favored; cp. Geminus [I B.C.], Elem. Astronomiae [Manitius 1898] 8, 9 κεχαρισμένον εἶναι τοῖς θεοῖς) in the angel’s greeting to Mary κεχαριτωμένη one who has been favored (by God) Lk 1:28 (SLyonnet, Biblica 20, ’39, 131–41; MCambe, RB 70, ’63, 193–207; JNolland, Luke’s Use of χάρις: NTS 32, ’86, 614–20); GJs 11:1.—DELG s.v. χάρις. M-M. TW.

χλευάζω (χλεύη) impf. ἐχλεύαζον; fut. 3 sg. χλευάσει (Pr 19:28 Aq Theod.; TestLevi 7:2); aor. 3 sg. ἐχλεύασε (Is 37:22 Sym.); aor. pass. impv. 3 pl. χλευασθήτωσαν (Pr 4:21 Theod.) (Aristoph., Demosth. et al.; late pap; TestLevi; Jos., Bell. 6, 365, C. Ap. 2, 137; Just., Tat.)

① to engage in mockery, mock, sneer, scoff (Philo, Sacr. Abel. 70; Jos., Ant. 7, 85; TestLevi 14:8) Ac 2:13 v.l. (for δια-); 17:32 (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 29.—ASizoo, GereformTT 24, 1924, 289–97).

② to make fun of maliciously, mock, scoff at, sneer at, trans. τινά someone (so also Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 153 §645; Lucian, Prom. in Verb. 33; LXX; TestLevi 7:2; Jos., Ant. 12, 170; Tat. 33, 2f; cp. Philo, Mos. 1, 29; Just., D. 137, 1 αὐτοῦ τοὺς μώλωπας; Tat. 22, 1 τὰς πανηγύρεις) 1 Cl 39:1. W. ὑβρίζειν (Plut., Artox. 1025 [27, 5]) Dg 2:7.—DELG s.v. χλεύη. New Docs 2, 104. M-M.

χοῖρος, ου, ὁ (Hom. et al.; ins, pap; Sym. Is 65:4 and 66:3) ‘young swine’ then swine gener. (so Epict. 4, 11, 29; Plut., Cicero 864 [7, 6]; BGU 92, 7 [II A.D.]; 649, 7 al. in pap; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 137; TestJud 2:5) Mt 8:30–32; Mk 5:11–13, 16 (AHarnack, Zu Mk 5:11–13: ZNW 8, 1907, 162; OBauernfeind, Die Worte der Dämonen im Mt 1927); Lk 8:32f; 15:15f. W. dogs: as unclean animals Ox 840, 33 (JJeremias, ConNeot 11, ’47, 105: fig.); in a proverb Mt 7:6 (Theophyl. Sim., Ep. 20 τὰ δῶρα τοῖς χοίροις διένειμε; FPerles, ZNW 25, 1926, 163f; APerry, ET 46, ’35, 381). The prohibition against eating pork, and its interpretation B 10:1, 3ab, 10.—On swine and adherents of Mosaic dietary law s. Billerb. I 448ff; 492f; KRengstorf, Rabb. Texte 1. Reihe III ’33ff, p. 36f.—Kl. Pauly V 43–47; BHHW III 1748f.—B. 161. DELG. M-M.

ψεῦσμα, ατος, τό (ψεύδομαι, cp. next entry; Pla. et al.; Plut., Lucian, Aq., Sym., Theod.; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 115 al., Ant. 16, 349) ‘lie, falsehood’ in our lit. in the sense engagement in lying, lying, untruthfulness, undependability (opp. ἡ ἀλήθεια, q.v. 1; Philo, Aet. M. 56) Ro 3:7.—Hm 3:5; 8:3; D 3:5.—DELG s.v. ψεύδομαι A. TW.

Ἀβραάμ, ὁ indecl. (אַבְרָהָם ‘father of a multitude’) (LXX; TestSol 18:22 P; TestAbr, Test12Patr, ParJer; ApcSed 14:6; ApcEsdr; ApcrEzk P 1 recto, 10; SibOr 2, 246; Philo, Just.; Mel., P. 83 , 625 and Fgm.; PGM 7, 315; 13, 817 δύναμιν τοῦ Ἀβραάμ, Ἰσὰκ καὶ τοῦ Ἰακώβ; 35, 14 τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ Ἀβρὰμ καὶ Ἰσακὰ καὶ Ἰακώβ. Indecl. also in Apollonius Molon [I B.C.], an opponent of the Jews: 728 Fgm. 1, 2 and 3 Jac. [Eus., PE 9, 19, 2; 3].—In the Jew Artapanus [II B.C.]: 726 Fgm. 1 Jac. [Eus. 9, 18, 1]; in Ps.-Hecataeus: 264 Fgm. 24 Jac. in a work Κατʼ Ἄβραμον καὶ τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους; and in Joseph. Ἄβραμος, ου [Ant. 1, 148]; cp. EpArist 49; BGU 585 II, 3 [212 A.D.]; Damasc., Vi. Isid. 141.—Nicol. Dam. [I B.C.]: 90 Fgm. 52 Jac. [Jos., Ant. 1, 159f] Ἀβράμης, ου. Charax of Pergam. [II A.D.]: 103 Fgm. 52 Jac. ἀπὸ Ἀβράμωνος.—Hesychius 1, 81 has Ἀβραμίας, obviously a Hellenized form of Abraham, as the name of a throw in dice-playing. Personal names were frequently used for this purpose: Eubulus, Com. Fgm. 57K. Dssm., NB 15 [BS 187]; B-D-F §260.2). In the NT receives mention second to Moses. [b]Abraham (husband of Sarah Gen 18:10f), in the genealogy of Jesus Mt 1:1, 2, 17; Lk 3:34; progenitor of the Israelite nation (Jos., Ant. 1, 158 ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν Ἀ.), and of the Christians, as authentically Israel Mt 3:9; Lk 1:73; 3:8; J 8:39, 53, 56; Ac 7:2; Ro 4:1; Js 2:21. Hence the people of Israel are called Α.’s seed (e.g. PsSol 9:9; 18:3) J 8:33, 37; Ro 9:7; 11:1; 2 Cor 11:22; Gal 3:29; Hb 2:16.—Α. as bearer of the promise Ac 3:25; 7:17; Ro 4:13; Gal 3:8, 14, 16, 18; Hb 6:13. His faith Ro 4:3 (Gen 15:6), 9, 12, 16; Gal 3:6 (Gen 15:6), 9; 1 Cl 10:6 (Gen 15:6); Js 2:23. Here and 1 Cl 10:1; 17:2 called a friend of God (cp. Is 41:8; 2 Ch 20:7; Da 3:35. But only Is 41:8 Sym. and, indirectly, Ex 33:11 use the word φίλος [as TestAbr A 1 78, 6=Stone p. 4]. LXX Is 41:8 and the other passages use a form of ἀγαπάω; s. EPeterson, ZKG 42, 1923, 172ff. Philo quotes Gen 18:17 φίλος μου Sobr. 56 [s. PKatz, Philo’s Bible, ’50, 85; on use of the name, 154ff]; cp. Wsd 7:27; Book of Jubilees 19:9; 30:20); like Isaac, Jacob, and the prophets Lk 13:28, A. occupies a prominent place in the next life 16:22ff (s. on κόλπος 1). God is designated as God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Ex 3:6.—MRist, The God of A., I., and J.: JBL 57, ’38, 289–303) Mt 22:32; Mk 12:26; Lk 20:37; Ac 3:13; 7:32; B 6:8. W. Isaac and Jacob at the banquet in the Kingdom Mt 8:11; listed among the great people of God (cp. SibOr 2, 245–48) B 8:4; IPhld 9:1 (on the triad s. above and s.v. Ἰακώβ). Points typologically to Jesus B 9:7f.—OSchmitz, Abr. im Spätjudent. u. im Urchristent.: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 99–123; Billerb. (s. index of persons and things: IV 1213); MColacci, Il Semen Abrahae alla luce del V e del NT: Biblica 21, ’40, 1–27.—M-M. TW.

ἀκατάστατος, ον (Hippocr. et al.; Polyb. 7, 4, 6; Plut., Mor. 437d; IDefixAudollent 4b, 12; SibOr 1, 164; Is 54:11 LXX; Gen 4:12 and La 4:14 Sym.; TestJob 36:3f) unstable, restless, of vacillating persons ἀ. ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ one who is unstable in all actions Js 1:8. Of the tongue ἀ. κακόν a restless evil 3:8 (v.l. ἀκατάσχετον). Of slander personified ἀκατάστατον δαιμόνιον a restless demon Hm 2:3.—M-M. TW.

ἀκωλύτως adv. (Pla. [Cra. 415d] +; freq. in pap as legal t.t.: POxy 502; BGU 917, 14; PLips 26, 11; 30, 9; Job 34:31 Sym.; TestAbr B 9 p. 113, 21 [Stone p. 74]; TestJob 45:4; JosAs 14:12 cod. A [p. 60, 2 Bat.]; Jos., Ant. 12, 104; 16, 41 ἀ. τὴν πάτριον εὐσέβειαν διαφυλάττειν) without hindrance διδάσκειν ἀ. Ac 28:31 (GDelling NovT. 15, ’73, 196–204).—M-M.

ἀμαθής, ές (Hdt., Eur., Aristoph. et al.; PMert 82, 21 [II A.D.] Epict., Ench. 48, 3; Ps 48:11 Sym.; Philo; Jos., Ant. 12, 191; Tat. 35, 2; Ath.; Iren. 3, 11, 9 [Harv. II 50, 12]) ignorant (w. ἀστήρικτος) of incompetent interpreters 2 Pt 3:16 (cp. Plut., Mor. 25c ἐν πᾶσιν ἁμαρτωλὸν εἶναι τὸν ἀμαθῆ).—DELG s.v. μανθάνω. M-M.

ἀμείβομαι fut. ἀμείψομαι (Hom. et al.; ins, pap; 2 Km 1:6 Sym.; Pr 11:17 Aq., Theod.; Just.; Ath. 34, 2 ἀμείβειν) to reward, w. acc. of pers. (12th letter of Apollonius of Tyana: Philostrat. I 348, 32; Jos., Ant. 12, 139; SIG 898, 23; 902, 15) ISm 12:1. On 9:2 s. ἀμοιβή.—DELG s.v. ἀμείβω. B. 913.

ἀμέλεια, ας, ἡ (ἀμελής, ἀμελέω [μέλω ‘care for’]; Eur., Thu.+; SIG 784, 7; 837, 14; pap since III B.C., e.g. POxy 62, 9; 1220; Ps 89:8 Sym.; EpArist 248; Jos., Ant. 6, 316; 12, 164; Theoph. Ant. 2, 27 [p. 164, 24]) neglect ἄμπελος ἀμελείας τυγχάνουσα a vine that meets w. neglect Hs 9, 26, 4; cp. m 10, 1, 5.—DELG s.v. μέλω.

ἀμεριμνία, ας, ἡ (μέριμνα ‘solicitude’, μεριμνάω ‘care for’; Plut., Mor. 830a; Appian, Liby. 65 §290; Secundus [II A.D.], Sententiae 8b of a wife ἀμεριμνίας ἐμπόδιον ‘an impediment to freedom fr. care’; Herodian 2, 4, 6; ins and pap in many mngs., incl. t.t.) freedom from care = confidence (Appian, Syr. 61 §321; Jos., Bell. 1, 627.—Ps 107:10 Sym. has ἀ. for ἐλπίς LXX) ἐν ἀ. θεοῦ w. God-given freedom fr. care IPol 7:1.—DELG s.v. μέριμνα.

ἀμοιβή, ῆς, ἡ (ἀμείβω ‘exchange’; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, Aq., Sym.; Philo, Aet. M. 108; Just.; Tat. 32, 1) a return, recompense (so freq. in honorary ins, e.g. IPriene 119, 27; 113, 120; 112, 17; s. also Jos., Ant. 4, 266) ἀμοιβὰς ἀποδιδόναι τοῖς προγόνοις make a return to those who brought them up 1 Ti 5:4 (ἀ. ἀποδιδόναι Democr. B 92; PLond V, 1729, 22; Jos., Ant. 5, 13). ἀμοιβή is also to be read ISm 9:2, with the new pap (the Christian letter BKT VI p. 7, ln. 79).—DELG s.v. ἀμείβω. M-M. Spicq.

ἀνακτάομαι fut. ἀνακτήσομαι TestJob 40:4; 1 aor. ἀνεκτησάμην (Trag., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap; Sym. 1 Km 30:12 al.; TestJob 44:4) w. ἑαυτόν regain one’s strength, renew one’s energy (Epict. 3, 25, 4; PFay 106, 18 ὅπως δυνηθῶ ἐμαυτὸν ἀνακτήσασθαι; Jos., Ant. 9, 123; 15, 365; OdeSol 11:11). ἀνακτήσασθε (ἑαυτοὺς ἐν πίστει) ITr 8:1 is J-BCotelier’s conjecture for the ἀνακτίσασθε of the mss.—DELG s.v. κτάομαι.