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1 surprise-partie
syʀpʀizpaʀti nf* * *[syrprizparti] ( pluriel surprises-parties) nom féminin -
2 Front National
, FNExtreme right-wing and xenophobic political party, founded by Jean Marie Le Pen in 1972. The party is strongly Eurosceptic, anti-immigration, and traditionalist; party members, including Le Pen, have been prosecuted for racist remarks, negationism, and the downplaying of war-crimes.The Front National has been a significant force in French politics since the 1980's, particularly where they have been aided by proportional representation. They won 10 seats at the European Parliament in 1984, and then 35 seats in the French general election of 1986, after François Mitterrand introduced a degree of proportional representation into the voting system. PR was quickly dropped again after this, and the FN has never since had more than a single Député. However, in European elections, where PR has remained, the FN has continued to pick up seats, most recently with 7 in the 2004 election.In 1995, the Front National won municipal elections in three towns in the south of France, Orange, Vitrolles and Marignane, in "triangular" second rounds for which neither the socialists (PS) nor the main conservative party would withdraw their candidates.Perhaps the FN's most visible success was that of its leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, in the 2002 Presidential election, when he obtained second place in the first round, thus securing a place in the runoff. It is interesting to note that in this second round, which was a massive victory for Jacques Chirac, le Pen took less than 1% more of the vote than in the first round.The high profile of the FN in French politics surprises many foreign observers, but it is not really a surprise in a country with a fragmented party political structure. France's biggest mainstream political parties have a tradition of instrumentalising whatever means possible in order to damage their opponents, and for a long time French left-wing parties have sought to portray the Front National as the natural ally of other conservative parties. Yet by blurring the distinction between this far right party other mainstream conservative parties, they paradoxically helped to legitimise the FN. Mitterrand's introduction of PR into the voting system for general elections in 1984, which propelled the FN into the limelight, was actually intended to stop the mainstream conservative parties from winning. The policy backfired, since the conservatives won anyway, and the FN obtained its own "group" in the French parliament.Currently (2008) the FN is in decline. The party has lost voters to other right-wing parties, and has had to sell off its flagship headquarters building in Neuilly-sur-Seine, in order to pay its debts. See Political Parties in FranceDictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Front National
См. также в других словарях:
surprises-parties — ● surprise partie, surprises parties nom féminin (améric. surprise party) Réunion où l on danse, surtout chez les adolescents. ● surprise partie, surprises parties (synonymes) nom féminin (améric. surprise party) Réunion où l on danse, surtout… … Encyclopédie Universelle
La magie des surprises parties — Single par Vanessa Paradis Face A La magie des surprises parties Face B La magie des surprises parties (instrumental) Enregistrement 1983 Durée 2:57 … Wikipédia en Français
La Magie des surprises parties — Single par Vanessa Paradis Face A La magie des surprises parties Face B La magie des surprises parties (instrumental) Enregistrement 1983 Durée 2:57 … Wikipédia en Français
Don Parties On (play) — Don Parties On Written by David Williamson Don Parties On, the new play from David Williamson, premiered in Melbourne on January 8, 2011.[1] It is the sequel by David Williamson to the 1971 play Don s Party.[2 … Wikipedia
Surprise-partie — Une surprise partie ou une fête surprise [Au Québec, les gens disent en effet fête surprise (ou plus souvent, surprise <parfois, le mot est prononcé à l anglaise>).] [1] (au Québec) est une soirée dansante organisée, soit sans invitations… … Wikipédia en Français
Surprise party — Surprise partie Une surprise partie ou une fête surprise[1] (au Québec) est une soirée dansante organisée, soit sans invitations chez un ami qui n est pas prévenu, en apportant la musique et les boissons, soit en l honneur de quelqu un qui n est… … Wikipédia en Français
surprise-partie — [ syrprizparti ] n. f. VAR. surprise party • 1882; angl. amér. surprise party 1 ♦ Vieilli Réunion de personnes qui s invitent (en principe à l improviste) chez qqn en apportant les éléments du repas (on disait pique nique). 2 ♦ ( … Encyclopédie Universelle
Joe Le Taxi — Single par Vanessa Paradis extrait de l’album M J Face A Joe le taxi Face B Varvara Pavlovna Sortie … Wikipédia en Français
Joe le Taxi — Single par Vanessa Paradis extrait de l’album M J Face A Joe le taxi Face B Varvara Pavlovna Sortie … Wikipédia en Français
surprise-party — surprise partie [ syrprizparti ] n. f. VAR. surprise party • 1882; angl. amér. surprise party 1 ♦ Vieilli Réunion de personnes qui s invitent (en principe à l improviste) chez qqn en apportant les éléments du repas (on disait pique nique). 2 ♦ ( … Encyclopédie Universelle
Vanessa Paradis — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Paradis (homonymie). Vanessa Paradis … Wikipédia en Français
