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1 topdressing
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2 герметичный слой на поверхности почвы
герметичный слой на поверхности почвы
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil surface sealing
Any activity or process in which ground surface areas are packed or plugged to prevent percolation or the passage of fluids. (Source: SIS / ERG)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > герметичный слой на поверхности почвы
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3 почвенный процесс
почвенный процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil process
The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > почвенный процесс
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4 геоморфический процесс
геоморфический процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
geomorphic process
The physical and chemical interactions between the Earth's surface and the natural forces acting upon it to produce landforms. The processes are determined by such natural environmental variables as geology, climate, vegetation and baselevel, to say nothing of human interference. The nature of the process and the rate at which it operates will be influenced by a change in any of these variables. (Source: WHIT)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > геоморфический процесс
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5 smooth
A adj1 lit (even, without bumps) [stone, sea, surface, skin, hair, fabric] lisse ; [road] plan ; [curve, line, breathing] régulier/-ière ; [sauce, gravy, paste] homogène ; [crossing, flight] sans heurts, calme ; [movement] aisé ; [music, rhythm, playing] fluide ; the tyres are worn smooth les pneus sont (devenus) lisses ; to have a smooth landing atterrir en douceur ; bring the car to a smooth stop arrêtez la voiture en douceur ; the engine is very smooth le moteur tourne parfaitement rond ;2 fig ( problem-free) [journey, flight, life] paisible ; such a change is rarely smooth un tel changement se fait rarement en douceur ; the bill had a smooth passage through Parliament la loi a été adoptée sans difficultés par le Parlement ;3 (pleasant, mellow) [taste, wine, whisky] moelleux/-euse ;4 ( suave) gen, pej [person] mielleux/-euse ; [manners, appearance] onctueux/-euse ; to be a smooth talker être enjôleur/-euse ; ⇒ operator.B vtr1 lit ( flatten out) lisser [clothes, paper, hair, surface] ; ( get creases out) défroisser [fabric, paper] ; to smooth the creases from sth défroisser qch ; she smoothed her skirt over her hips elle a lissé sa jupe au niveau des hanches ; to smooth one's hair back se lisser les cheveux en arrière ; smooth the cream into your skin/over your face étalez la crème sur votre peau/visage ; this cream smooths rough skin cette crème adoucit les peaux desséchées ;2 fig ( make easier) faciliter [process, transition, path] ; talks to smooth the path towards peace des pourparlers pour faciliter la voie vers la paix.to take the rough with the smooth prendre les choses comme elles viennent ; the course of true love never did run smooth l'amour vrai n'a jamais été facile à vivre ; ⇒ silk, baby, ruffled.■ smooth away:■ smooth down:▶ smooth [sth] down, smooth down [sth] gen lisser [clothes, hair, fabric] ; polir [wood, rough surface] ( to get creases out) défroisser [clothes, fabric].■ smooth out:▶ smooth [sth] out, smooth out [sth]2 fig aplanir [difficulties] ; faire disparaître [imperfections] ; to smooth out the impact of sth diminuer l'impact de qch.■ smooth over:▶ smooth [sth] over, smooth over [sth] fig atténuer [differences, awkwardness] ; aplanir [difficulties, problems] ; tempérer [bad feelings] ; améliorer [relationship] ; to smooth things over arranger les choses. -
6 граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
ocean-air interface
The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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7 обработка металлов
обработка металлов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
metal finishing
A process in which a chemical or some other substance is applied to metals as a way to clean, protect, alter or modify appearance or physical properties, especially surface properties. (Source: MHD)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > обработка металлов
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8 пещера
пещера
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cave
1) An underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines.
2) A natural cavity, chamber or recess which leads beneath the surface of the earth, generally in a horizontal or obliquely inclined direction. It may be in the form of a passage or a gallery, its shape depending in part on the joint pattern or structure of the rock and partly on the type of process involved in its excavation. Thus, caves worn by subterranean rivers may be different in character from, and of considerably greater extent than, a sea-cave eroded by marine waves.
3) A natural underground open space, generally with a connection to the surface and large enough for a person to enter. The most common type of cave is formed in a limestone by dissolution.
(Source: CED / WHIT / BJGEO)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > пещера
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9 разрушение лесного покрова
разрушение лесного покрова
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
forest cover destruction
Destruction of forests is carried out in many countries in order to provide new land for agricultural or livestock purposes. It is often done without factors such as climate and topography having been sufficiently studied and on lands where slope nature of the soil or other physiographic characteristics clearly indicate that the land involved is suitable only for forest. Although these practices may lead to a temporary increase in productivity, there are also many indications that in the long run there is usually a decrease in productivity per unit of surface and that erosion and irreversible soil deterioration often accompany this process. Many factors contribute to forest cover destruction: timber production, clearance for agriculture, cutting for firewood and charcoal, fires, droughts, strip mining, pollution, urban development, population pressures, and warfare. (Source: WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > разрушение лесного покрова
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10 геологический процесс
геологический процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
geological process
Dynamic actions or events that occur at the Earth's surface due to application of natural forces resulting from gravity, temperature changes, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, seismic shaking, and the agencies of wind and moving water, ice and snow. Where and when a force exceeds the strength of the earth material, the material is changed by deformation, translocation, or chemical reactions. (Source: DUNSTE)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > геологический процесс
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11 комбинированное цветное изображение
комбинированное цветное изображение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
colour composition
A remote-sensing term referring to the process of assigning different colours to different spectral bands. The colour picture formed by this process is called a "colour composite" (a colour image produced through optical combination of multiband images by projection through filters) and is produced by assigning a colour to an image of the Earth's surface recorded in a particular waveband. For a Landsat colour composite, the green waveband is coloured blue, the red waveband is coloured green and the infrared waveband is coloured red. This produces an image closely approximating a false colour photograph. Colour composite images are easier to interpret than separate images recording different wavebands. US national experimental crop inventories are based upon visual interpretation of Landsat colour composites. (Source: RRDA / WHIT)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > комбинированное цветное изображение
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12 ландшафт земной поверхности после завершения горных работ
ландшафт земной поверхности после завершения горных работ
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
landscape after mining
The process of mining disfigures the surface of the land, and in the absence of reclamation leads to permanent scars. The process spoils the vital topsoil, disrupts drainage patterns, destroys the productive capacity of agricultural and forest land and impairs their aesthetic and social value. (Source: WPRa)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ландшафт земной поверхности после завершения горных работ
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13 wash
A n1 ¢ ( by person) to give [sth] a wash laver [window, floor] ; nettoyer [object] ; lessiver [paintwork, walls] ; se laver [hands, face] ; to give sb a wash débarbouiller [child] ; you need a good wash tu as besoin d'un bon débarbouillage ; to have a quick wash faire un brin de toilette ○ ; these curtains/your feet need a wash ces rideaux/tes pieds ont besoin d'être lavés ;2 ( laundry process) lavage m ; weekly wash lessive f hebdomadaire ; after only two washes après deux lavages seulement ; in the wash ( about to be cleaned) au sale ; ( being cleaned) au lavage ;5 Pharm lotion f ;6 ( swill) pâtée f.B modif frequent wash shampoo shampooing m pour lavages fréquents ; pen and wash drawing dessin m à la plume et au lavis.1 ( clean) laver [person, clothes, floor] ; nettoyer [object, wound] ; lessiver [paintwork, surface] ; to get washed se laver ; to wash everything by hand/in the machine laver tout à la main/à la machine ; to wash one's hands/face se laver les mains/le visage ; to wash sth clean laver [hands, clothes, floor] ; lessiver [paintwork] ; nettoyer [cut] ; to wash the dishes faire la vaisselle ;2 ( carry along) [tide, current] entraîner [silt, debris] ; to be washed out to sea être entraîné vers le large ; to be washed along by the tide être entraîné par la marée ; to be washed downstream être entraîné en aval ; to wash sb/sth ashore rejeter qn/qch sur le rivage ; to wash sb/sth overboard emporter qn/qch par-dessus bord ;4 ( dig out) creuser ; the water had washed a hole in the bank les inondations avaient creusé un trou dans le talus ;5 ( coat) Art laver [drawing] ; gen, Constr passer une légère couche de peinture sur [wall] ; ( with whitewash) badigeonner [wall] ; to wash a wall in pink passer une légère couche de rose sur un mur ; to wash sth with gold dorer qch au trempé [metal, coin] ;D vi2 ( clean clothes) faire la lessive ; I wash on Mondays je fais la lessive le lundi ; Whizzo washes whiter Advertg Whizzo lave plus blanc ;3 ( become clean) se laver ; to wash easily/well se laver facilement/bien ;4 ○ ( be believed) his explanation won't wash with the electorate son explication ne satisfera pas l'électorat ; that excuse won't wash with me cette excuse ne me satisfait pas.it will all come out in the wash ( be revealed) tout finira bien par se savoir ; ( be resolved) tout finira par s'arranger ; to wash one's hands of se laver les mains de [matter] ; se désintéresser de [person].■ wash away:▶ wash [sth] away, wash away [sth]2 ( carry off) [flood, tide, current] emporter [structure, debris] ; ( by erosion) [sea] éroder [cliff, bank] ;▶ wash [sb] away [wave, tide] emporter [person].■ wash down:▶ wash [sth] down, wash down [sth]2 ○ ( help to swallow) faire descendre [pill] ; faire passer [unpleasant food] ; arroser [food] ; a good steak washed down with a glass of claret un bon steak arrosé d'un verre de bordeaux.■ wash off:▶ wash off [mark] partir au lavage ;▶ wash [sth] off, wash off [sth]1 ( clean off) faire partir [qch] à l'eau [dirt, mark] ; to wash the mud off the car laver la voiture pour faire partir la boue ; go and wash that dirt off your face débarbouille-toi la figure ;2 ( carry off) drainer [topsoil].■ wash out:▶ wash out1 ( disappear by cleaning) [stain] partir au lavage ; [colour] passer ; stains that won't wash out Advertg taches rebelles ;2 ○ US ( fail to reach standard for) she washed out of college elle s'est fait recaler aux examens d'entrée en fac ○ ;▶ wash [sth] out, wash out [sth]2 ( rinse inside) rincer [cup, inside] ;3 ( clean quickly) passer [qch] à l'eau [dishcloth, brush] ;4 ( rain off) ( gén au passif) the first day's play was washed out la première journée a été annulée à cause de la pluie ;■ wash over: [water] balayer [deck] ; everything I say just washes over him tout ce que je dis glisse sur lui ; a great feeling of relief washed over me un immense soulagement m'a envahi.■ wash through:▶ wash [sth] through passer [qch] à l'eau.■ wash up:▶ wash up1 GB ( do dishes) faire la vaisselle ;▶ wash [sth] up, wash up [sth] -
14 водная эрозия
водная эрозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water erosion
The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. (Source: ALL)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водная эрозия
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15 smooth
smooth [smu:ð]1. adjectivea. ( = not rough) lisseb. ( = not lumpy) [sauce, mixture] onctueuxd. ( = even) [flow, breathing] régulier ; [takeoff, landing] en douceur ; [sea crossing] calme ; [flight] sans problèmes ; [engine] qui tourne parfaitement[+ fabric, hair] lisser ; [+ wood] polir3. compounds[+ hair, feathers, sheet] lisser ; [+ person] calmer[+ material, dress] défroisser ; [+ wrinkles, anxieties] [+ difficulties] faire disparaître[+ soil] égaliser* * *[smuːð] 1.1) lit (even, without bumps) [stone, sea, surface, skin, fabric] lisse; [road] plan; [curve, line, breathing] régulier/-ière; [sauce, paste] homogène; [crossing, flight] sans heurts; [movement] aisé; [music, playing] fluide2) ( problem-free) paisiblethe bill had a smooth passage through Parliament — la loi a été adoptée sans difficultés par le Parlement
3) [taste, wine, whisky] moelleux/-euse4) ( suave) gen, pej [person] mielleux/-euse; [manners, appearance] onctueux/-euse2.to be a smooth talker — être enjôleur/-euse
transitive verb•Phrasal Verbs:•• -
16 wash
wash [wɒ∫]1. noun• to give one's hands/face a wash se laver les mains/le visageb. ( = laundry) I do a big wash on Mondays je fais une grande lessive le lundi• your shirt is in the wash ( = being washed) ta chemise est à la lessivea. laver• to wash o.s. [person] se laver ; [cat] faire sa toilette• to wash one's hands/face se laver les mains/le visagea. ( = have a wash) [person] se laver ; [cat] faire sa toilettec. [waves, sea, flood] to wash over sth balayer qch• a wave of sadness/tiredness washed over him il a soudain ressenti une profonde tristesse/une grande fatigue4. compounds[stain] s'en aller au lavagea. [+ stain] faire partir au lavageb. [waves, sea, flood] ( = carry away) emporter ; [+ footprints] balayera. [+ deck, car] laver (à grande eau) ; [+ wall] lessiverb. [+ medicine, pill] faire descendre ; [+ food] arroser► wash off► wash outa. [dye, colours] passer au lavagea. ( = remove) [+ stain] faire partir au lavageb. ( = rinse) [+ bottle, pan] laverc. the match was washed out ( = prevented by rain) le match a été annulé à cause de la pluie► wash upa. (British) ( = wash dishes) faire la vaisselleb. (US) ( = have a wash) se débarbouillerb. [sea, tide] rejeter (sur le rivage) ; [river] rejeter (sur la berge)* * *1. [wɒʃ]1) [U] ( by person)to give [something] a wash — laver [window, floor]; nettoyer [object]; lessiver [paintwork]; se laver [hands, face]
to give somebody a wash — débarbouiller [child]
2) ( laundry process) lavage mweekly wash — lessive f hebdomadaire
in the wash — ( about to be cleaned) au sale; ( being cleaned) au lavage
3) ( from boat) remous m4) ( coating) gen couche f (de peinture); Art lavis m5) ( for face) lotion f2.noun modifierfrequent wash shampoo — shampooing m pour lavages fréquents
3. [wɒʃ], US [wɔːʃ]pen and wash drawing — dessin m à la plume et au lavis
transitive verb1) ( clean) laver [person, clothes, floor]; nettoyer [object, wound]; lessiver [surface]to wash one's hands/face — se laver les mains/le visage
2) ( carry along) entraîner [silt, debris]to wash somebody/something overboard — emporter quelqu'un/quelque chose par-dessus bord
3) littér ( lap against) lécher4) ( coat) Art laver; gen, Technology passer une légère couche de peinture sur [wall]4.intransitive verb ( clean oneself) [person] se laver, faire sa toilette; [animal] faire sa toilette; ( clean clothes) faire la lessive; ( become clean) se laver5.that excuse won't wash with me — (colloq) fig cette excuse ne me satisfait pas
to wash oneself — [person] se laver; [animal] faire sa toilette
Phrasal Verbs:- wash off- wash out- wash up••it will all come out in the wash — ( be revealed) tout finira bien par se savoir; ( be resolved) tout finira par s'arranger
to wash one's hands of — se laver les mains de [matter]; se désintéresser de [person]
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17 set
[set] 1. present participle - setting; verb1) (to put or place: She set the tray down on the table.) poser2) (to put plates, knives, forks etc on (a table) for a meal: Please would you set the table for me?) mettre3) (to settle or arrange (a date, limit, price etc): It's difficult to set a price on a book when you don't know its value.) fixer4) (to give a person (a task etc) to do: The witch set the prince three tasks; The teacher set a test for her pupils; He should set the others a good example.) donner5) (to cause to start doing something: His behaviour set people talking.) déclencher6) ((of the sun etc) to disappear below the horizon: It gets cooler when the sun sets.) se coucher7) (to become firm or solid: Has the concrete set?) durcir8) (to adjust (eg a clock or its alarm) so that it is ready to perform its function: He set the alarm for 7.00 a.m.) régler9) (to arrange (hair) in waves or curls.) faire une mise en plis10) (to fix in the surface of something, eg jewels in a ring.) poser11) (to put (broken bones) into the correct position for healing: They set his broken arm.) remettre en place2. adjective1) (fixed or arranged previously: There is a set procedure for doing this.) établi2) ((often with on) ready, intending or determined (to do something): He is set on going.) résolu à3) (deliberate: He had the set intention of hurting her.) bien déterminé4) (stiff; fixed: He had a set smile on his face.) figé5) (not changing or developing: set ideas.) (bien) arrêté6) ((with with) having something set in it: a gold ring set with diamonds.) incrusté de3. noun1) (a group of things used or belonging together: a set of carving tools; a complete set of (the novels of) Jane Austen.) ensemble, collection2) (an apparatus for receiving radio or television signals: a television/radio set.) poste3) (a group of people: the musical set.) groupe4) (the process of setting hair: a shampoo and set.) mise en plis5) (scenery for a play or film: There was a very impressive set in the final act.) décor6) (a group of six or more games in tennis: She won the first set and lost the next two.) set•- setting- setback - set phrase - set-square - setting-lotion - set-to - set-up - all set - set about - set someone against someone - set against someone - set someone against - set against - set aside - set back - set down - set in - set off - set something or someone on someone - set on someone - set something or someone on - set on - set out - set to - set up - set up camp - set up house - set up shop - set upon -
18 stencil
['stensl] 1. noun1) (a thin piece of metal or card in which a design etc has been cut which can be reproduced on another surface, eg paper, by printing or inking over the metal etc.) pochoir2) (a piece of waxed paper into which words have been cut by a typewriter, to be reproduced by a similar process.) stencil2. verb(to produce (a design, pattern etc) by using a stencil.) marquer au pochoir -
19 suction
1) (the action of sucking.) succion2) (the process of creating a vacuum by reducing air pressure on the surface of a liquid so that it can be drawn up into a tube etc, or between two surfaces, eg a rubber disc and a wall, so that they stick together.) succion -
20 impression
1 ( idea) impression f ; to give the impression of doing donner l'impression de faire ; she had the impression that she knew him/he knew her elle avait l'impression de le connaître/qu'il la connaissait ; to get the (distinct) impression that avoir (bien) l'impression que ; to be under the impression that avoir l'impression que ;2 ( impact) impression f ; to make a good/bad impression faire bonne/mauvaise impression (on sur) ; to make (quite) an impression faire impression or de l'effet ; it left a deep impression on him cela l'a profondément marqué ; what kind of impression did they make? quelle impression ont-ils faite? ;3 ( perception) impression f ; to have the impression of doing avoir l'impression de faire ; to give ou create an impression of sth faire l'effet de qch ; an artist's impression of the building le bâtiment vu par un artiste ; what's your impression of the new boss? quelle est ton impression sur le nouveau patron? ; first impressions count les premières impressions sont souvent les meilleures ;4 ( imitation) imitation f ; to do impressions (of famous people) faire des imitations (de personnes célèbres) ; she does a good impression of Valerie elle imite bien Valérie ;5 ( imprint) (of weight, foot, hand) impression f ; ( from teeth) marque f ; ( of hoof) empreinte f ; to leave an impression on laisser une trace sur [surface, sand, wax] ; to take an impression of faire une empreinte de [key, fossil] ;
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См. также в других словарях:
Surface process — Процесс плоской печати, плоская печать … Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
Surface grinding — is used to produce a smooth finish on flat surfaces. It is a widely used abrasive machining process in which a spinning wheel covered in rough particles (grinding wheel) cuts chips of metallic or non metallic substance from a workpiece, making a… … Wikipedia
Surface-mount technology — (SMT) is a method for constructing electronic circuits in which the components (SMC, or Surface Mounted Components) are mounted directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs). Electronic devices so made are called surface mount… … Wikipedia
Surface reconstruction — refers to the process by which atoms at the surface of a crystal assume a different structure than that of the bulk. Surface reconstructions are important in that they help in the understanding of surface chemistry for various materials,… … Wikipedia
Surface micromachining — is a process used to produce micromachinery or MEMS.Unlike Bulk micromachining, where a silicon substrate (wafer) is selectively etched to produce structures, surface micromachining is based on the deposition and etching of different structural… … Wikipedia
Surface mining — is a type of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed. It is the opposite of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral removed through shafts or tunnels. Surface mining is… … Wikipedia
Surface science — is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid liquid interfaces, solid gas interfaces, solid vacuum interfaces, and liquid gas interfaces. It includes the fields of surface chemistry… … Wikipedia
Surface second harmonic generation — is a method for probing interfaces in atomic and molecular systems. In second harmonic generation (SHG), the light frequency is doubled, essentially converting two photons of the original beam of energy E into a single photon of energy 2 E as it… … Wikipedia
Surface piercing — Surface piercings are any body piercings that take place on the surface of the body through areas which are not particularly concave or convex, where the piercing canal transverses a surface flap of skin, rather than running completely through a… … Wikipedia
surface analysis — ▪ chemistry Introduction in analytical chemistry (chemistry), the study of that part of a solid that is in contact with a gas or a vacuum. When two phases of matter are in contact, they form an interface. The term surface is usually… … Universalium
Surface diffusion — [ adatom diffusing across a square surface lattice. Note the frequency of vibration of the adatom is greater than the jump rate to nearby sites. Also, the model displays examples of both nearest neighbor jumps (straight) and next nearest neighbor … Wikipedia
