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surface+complex

Толкование Перевод

1 поверхностный комплекс

surface complex

Большой русско-английский медицинский словарь > поверхностный комплекс
2 комплекс приповерхностных отложений

Oil: near-surface complex

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > комплекс приповерхностных отложений
3 молекулярный комплекс, образующийся на поверхности

Oil: surface complex

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > молекулярный комплекс, образующийся на поверхности
4 поверхностный комплекс

Medicine: surface complex

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > поверхностный комплекс
5 комплекс приповерхностных отложений

near-surface complex

Русско-английский словарь по нефти и газу > комплекс приповерхностных отложений
6 комплексно аналитическая поверхность

complex analytic surface мат.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > комплексно аналитическая поверхность
7 поверхность комплекса

complex surface мат.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > поверхность комплекса
8 сложная выпуклая поверхность

complex lofted surface

Русско-английский словарь по машиностроению > сложная выпуклая поверхность
9 сложнопрофильная поверхность

complex contoured surface

Русско-английский словарь по машиностроению > сложнопрофильная поверхность
10 поверхностный импеданс

surface impedance

выходной импеданс — output impedance

импеданс антенны — antenna impedance

комплексный импеданс — complex impedance

акустический импеданс — acoustic impedance

импеданс трубопровода — pipeline impedance

Русско-английский научный словарь > поверхностный импеданс
11 комплексный импеданс

complex impedance

импеданс трубопровода — pipeline impedance

поверхностный импеданс — surface impedance

механический импеданс — mechanical impedance

электрический импеданс — electrical impedance

удельный акустический импеданс — specific acoustic impedance

Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > комплексный импеданс
12 superficie

f.

1 surface.

salir a la superficie to come to the surface, to surface

2 area.

tiene una superficie de 2.500 metros cuadrados it covers 2,500 square meters

superficie comercial/de venta floor space

3 expanse, extent, stretch.

* * *

superficie

► nombre femenino

1 (parte externa) surface

■ en la superficie on the surface

2 (área) area

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

superficie terrestre land surface

* * *

noun f.

1) surface

2) area

* * *

SF

1) [de cuerpo, líquido] surface

la superficie terrestre — the earth's surface

el submarino salió a la superficie — the submarine surfaced, the submarine came to the surface

ruta de superficie — surface route

superficie de rodadura — (Aut) tread

superficie inferior — lower surface, underside

2) [en medidas] area

en una extensa superficie — over a wide area

una superficie de 200 hectáreas — an area of 200 hectares

superficie útil — useful area, usable space

3) (=aspecto externo) surface

es un comentario inofensivo en la superficie — it's a harmless comment on the surface

4) (Com)

gran superficie — (=hipermercado) hypermarket, superstore

superficie de venta(s) — sales area

* * *

femenino

1) (parte expuesta, aparente) surface

la superficie terrestre — the earth's surface

salir a la superficie — to surface, come to the surface

2) (Mat) ( área) area

una superficie de diez metros cuadrados — a surface area of ten square metres

* * *

= face, surface, tract.

Ex. The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.

Ex. Physiographic divisions of the earth's surface are also enumerated in the schedules.

Ex. Protecting the remaining large tracts of tropical forests is not a financially impossible task.

----

* caudal de agua o superficie acuática = body of water.

* cubrir la superficie de Algo = surface.

* de superficie = aboveground.

* de superficie áspera = rough-surfaced.

* de superficie rugosa = rough-surfaced.

* golpear ligeramente la punta de los dedos en sucesión sobre una superficie = tap + fingers.

* grande superficie = shopping mall, shopping complex, shopping centre.

* ocupación en superficie = footprint.

* preparar una superficie de nuevo = resurface.

* rozar la superficie = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* salir a la superficie = surface.

* sobre la superficie = above ground.

* superficie de impresión = printing surface.

* superficie de trabajo = working surface, work surface.

* superficie habitable = floor space.

* superficie útil = floor space.

* volver a salir a la superficie = resurface.

* * *

femenino

1) (parte expuesta, aparente) surface

la superficie terrestre — the earth's surface

salir a la superficie — to surface, come to the surface

2) (Mat) ( área) area

una superficie de diez metros cuadrados — a surface area of ten square metres

* * *

= face, surface, tract.

Ex: The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.

Ex: Physiographic divisions of the earth's surface are also enumerated in the schedules.

Ex: Protecting the remaining large tracts of tropical forests is not a financially impossible task.

* caudal de agua o superficie acuática = body of water.

* cubrir la superficie de Algo = surface.

* de superficie = aboveground.

* de superficie áspera = rough-surfaced.

* de superficie rugosa = rough-surfaced.

* golpear ligeramente la punta de los dedos en sucesión sobre una superficie = tap + fingers.

* grande superficie = shopping mall, shopping complex, shopping centre.

* ocupación en superficie = footprint.

* preparar una superficie de nuevo = resurface.

* rozar la superficie = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* salir a la superficie = surface.

* sobre la superficie = above ground.

* superficie de impresión = printing surface.

* superficie de trabajo = working surface, work surface.

* superficie habitable = floor space.

* superficie útil = floor space.

* volver a salir a la superficie = resurface.

* * *

superficie

feminine

A (parte expuesta, aparente) surface

la superficie terrestre the earth's surface

salió a la superficie it came to the surface o it surfaced

su estudio se queda en la superficie del problema his study merely scratches the surface of the problem

extender la masa sobre una superficie enharinada roll out the pastry on a floured surface

B ( Mat) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (área) area

la superficie del triángulo the area o ( AmE) surface of the triangle

suficiente para pintar una superficie de diez metros cuadrados enough to paint a surface area of ten square meters

Compuesto:

superficie de rodadura

tread

* * *

superficie sustantivo femenino
1 (parte expuesta, aparente) surface;
◊ salir a la superficie to surface, come to the surface

2 (Mat) ( área) area
superficie sustantivo femenino
1 surface: el delfín salió a la superficie, the dolphin surfaced
la superficie de la Luna, the moon's surface
2 (extensión, área) area
Mat Geom area
' superficie' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abombada
- abombado
- acre
- adherirse
- ahumada
- ahumado
- alisar
- área
- brillante
- deslizar
- deslizarse
- empañarse
- estrellada
- estrellado
- extensa
- extensión
- extenso
- faz
- granulosa
- granuloso
- igualar
- incidir
- incrustar
- llena
- llenar
- lleno
- ondular
- orilla
- pintar
- rebajar
- reflejarse
- repliegue
- resbaladiza
- resbaladizo
- roce
- sobresalir
- suavidad
- tierra
- triangular
- uniformidad
- abarcar
- adhesión
- antideslizante
- aspereza
- áspero
- carrasposo
- declive
- desigual
- desigualdad
- desnivel
English:
acre
- area
- blotchy
- breadth
- clear
- concave
- depressed
- even
- face
- flat
- flush
- glide
- irregular
- level
- level off
- level out
- opening
- pit
- polish
- projection
- resurface
- rough
- rub down
- smooth
- springy
- sticky
- strip
- surface
- table top
- tarmac
- top
- rise
- skim
- work

* * *

superficie nf

1. [parte exterior] surface;

la superficie de la Tierra the Earth's surface;

transporte de superficie surface transport;

salir a la superficie to come to the surface, to surface

2. [extensión] area;

tiene una superficie de 2.500 metros cuadrados it covers 2,500 square metres

Comp
superficie comercial floor space;
superficie de trabajo work surface;

superficie de venta floor space

* * *

superficie

f surface;

salir a la superficie del agua come to the surface;

grandes superficies (comerciales) large stores

* * *

superficie nf

1) : surface

2) : area

el superficie de un triángulo: the area of a triangle

* * *

superficie n

1. (parte externa) surface

el submarino salió la superficie the submarine came to the surface

2. (extensión) area

la superficie de un rectángulo the area of a rectangle

Spanish-English dictionary > superficie
13 piso

m.

1 floor (plant) (de edificio).

primer piso first floor (British), second floor (United States)

un autobús de dos pisos a double-decker bus

2 floor (suelo) (de habitación).

3 layer (capa).

un sandwich de dos pisos a double-decker sandwich

4 apartment(flat). (peninsular Spanish)

piso franco safe house

piso piloto show apartment o flat (British)

pisos tutelados supported accommodation

5 story, decker, floor, storey.

6 apartment which occupies the whole floor.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: pisar.

* * *

piso

► nombre masculino

1 (para vivir) flat

2 (planta) floor

■ ¿a qué piso va? what floor do you want?

3 (suelo) floor

4 (suela del zapato) sole

5 (de una tarta) tier

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

piso amueblado furnished flat

piso de alquiler rented flat

piso franco safe house

piso piloto show flat

* * *

noun m.

1) floor

2) apartment

* * *

SM

1) esp LAm (=suelo) floor; (=materiales para suelo) flooring

2) [de edificio] floor, storey, story (EEUU); [de autobús, barco] deck; [de cohete] stage; [de pastel] layer, tier

primer piso — first floor, second floor (EEUU)

viven en el quinto piso — they live on the fifth floor

un edificio de ocho pisos — an eight-storey building

autobús de dos pisos — double-decker bus

ir en el piso de arriba — to travel on the top deck, travel upstairs

piso alto — top floor

piso bajo — ground floor, first floor (EEUU)

3) (=apartamento) flat, apartment (EEUU)

poner un piso a una — Esp to set a woman up in a flat

piso de seguridad, piso franco — Esp safe house

piso piloto — show flat

4) (Aut) [de neumático] tread

5) [de zapato] sole

poner piso a un zapato — to sole a shoe

6) LAm (=tapete) table runner; (=estera) mat; And, Cono Sur (=alfombra) long narrow rug

piso de baño — bathmat

7) (Min) set of workings; (Geol) layer, stratum

8) Cono Sur (=taburete) stool; (=banco) bench

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( de edificio) floor, story*; ( de autobús) deck

una casa de seis pisos — a six-story building

vivo en el primer piso — I live on the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor

un autobús de dos pisos — a double-decker bus

b) (- de tarta) layer

2) (AmL)

a) ( suelo) floor

serrucharle (RPl) or (Chi) aserrucharle el piso a alguien (fam) — to pull the rug out from under somebody's feet (colloq)

b) ( de carretera) road surface

3) (Esp) ( apartamento) apartment (esp AmE), flat (BrE)

- piso franco

- piso piloto

4) (Chi) ( taburete) stool; ( alfombrita) rug; ( felpudo) doormat

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( de edificio) floor, story*; ( de autobús) deck

una casa de seis pisos — a six-story building

vivo en el primer piso — I live on the second (AmE) o (BrE) first floor

un autobús de dos pisos — a double-decker bus

b) (- de tarta) layer

2) (AmL)

a) ( suelo) floor

serrucharle (RPl) or (Chi) aserrucharle el piso a alguien (fam) — to pull the rug out from under somebody's feet (colloq)

b) ( de carretera) road surface

3) (Esp) ( apartamento) apartment (esp AmE), flat (BrE)

- piso franco

- piso piloto

4) (Chi) ( taburete) stool; ( alfombrita) rug; ( felpudo) doormat

* * *

piso¹

¹ = apartment, high-rise flat, condominium, flat, high-rise apartment.

Ex: She then said 'Thanks for the offer, but I've signed a contract and made a deposit on an apartment'.

Ex: Most of the larger cities have set up wholesale slum clearance programmes and rehousing in council housing and high-rise flats.

Ex: Additional apartments and condominiums were quickly erected to accommodate the influx of employees in the new research park.

Ex: This multi-functional community complex incorporates meeting rooms, sports hall, squash courts, old people's day centre, toy library, YMCA flats, a church centre and arts and crafts workshops.

Ex: Previous research has demonstrated that frail elderly living in subsidized high-rise apartments have greater unmet needs than elderly who reside in traditional community housing.

* bloque de pisos = block of flats, block of high-rise flats, tower block, apartment complex, apartment building, apartment block.

* casa de pisos = tenement, apartment block, apartment building, apartment complex.

* compañero de piso = flatmate, housemate.

* complejo de pisos = condominium complex.

* edificio de pisos = condominium building.

* piso piloto = show home.

piso²

² = floor, level, storey [story, -USA], story [storey, -UK].

Nota: Arquitectura.

Ex: The library, which is of split-level design on 2 floors, includes a lending collection, children's library, study area, and audio-visual section.

Ex: The other rooms on the third, second and first levels have a mixture of stacking chairs with writing board arms.

Ex: The library is situated on the top two floors of a six storey building.

Ex: The vista of main street shows in addition to the jumble and squeeze of shops, a 12- story skyscraper, several impressive banks, and a few elderly housing units.

* aparcamiento de varios pisos = multi-storey car park.

* autobús de dos pisos = double-decker bus.

* con varios pisos = multi-storey [multistorey/multistory].

* de piso llano = flat-floor.

* en el piso de abajo = downstairs.

* en el piso de arriba = upstairs.

* piso de diseño abierto = open floor.

* piso húmedo = wet floor.

* * *

piso

masculine

A

1 (planta — de un edificio) floor, story*; (— de un autobús) deck

una casa de seis pisos a six-story building

vivo en el primer piso I live on the second ( AmE) o ( BrE) first floor

un autobús de dos pisos a double-decker bus

2 (de una tarta) layer

B ( AmL)

1 (suelo) floor

no entres, que está el piso mojado don't go in, the floor's wet

estar por el piso ( RPl fam); to be very down o low ( colloq), to be in the doldrums ( colloq)

quedarse sin piso ( Col): se quedó sin piso he was completely floored o thrown

serrucharle ( RPl) or ( Chi) aserrucharle el piso a algn ( fam) to do the dirty on sb ( colloq), to queer sb's pitch ( colloq)

2 (de un zapato) sole

zapatos con piso de goma rubber-soled shoes

3 (de una carretera) road surface

C ( esp Esp) (apartamento) apartment ( esp AmE), flat ( BrE)

Compuestos:

● piso franco

( Esp) safe house

● piso piloto

( Esp) show apartment o ( BrE) flat, model apartment o ( BrE) flat

D ( Chi)

1 (taburete) stool

2 (alfombrita) rug; (felpudo) doormat

un piso de baño a bath mat

* * *

Del verbo pisar: ( conjugate pisar)

piso es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

pisó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
pisar
piso
pisar ( conjugate pisar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( con el pie) ‹mina/clavo› to step on;

‹ charco› to step in, tread in (esp BrE);
◊ la pisó sin querer he accidentally stepped o (esp BrE) trod on her foot;

( on signs) prohibido pisar el césped keep off the grass
b) ( humillar) to trample on, walk all over

2 (RPl, Ven)
a) (Coc) to mash

b) (fam) ( atropellar) to run over

verbo intransitivo
to tread;
◊ pisó mal y se cayó she lost her footing and fell

piso sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( de edificio) floor, story^{( conjugate story)};

( de autobús) deck;
◊ una casa de seis pisos a six-story building;

un autobús de dos pisos a double-decker bus
b) ( de pastel) layer

2 (AmL)
a) ( suelo) floor

b) ( de carretera) road surface

3 (Esp) ( apartamento) apartment (esp AmE), flat (BrE);
◊ piso piloto (Esp) show apartment o (BrE) flat

4 (Chi) ( taburete) stool;
( alfombrita) rug;
( felpudo) doormat
pisar
I verbo transitivo
1 to tread on, step on: le pisé el vestido, I stepped on her dress
prohibido pisar el césped, keep off the grass
Auto pisar el freno/acelerador, to put one's foot on the brake/accelerator
2 fig (ir a, estar en) to set foot in: nunca he pisado un restaurante japonés, I've never set foot in a Japanese restaurant
3 fam (adelantarse) me pisó la idea, he pinched the idea from me
4 (avasallar, humillar) to walk all over sb
II verbo intransitivo to tread, step: pisa con cuidado, be careful where you step
♦ Locuciones: estar pisando los talones a alguien, to be hot on the heels of sb
ir pisando fuerte, to be very self-confident
piso sustantivo masculino
1 flat
piso franco, safe house
piso piloto, show flat, US model apartment
2 (planta) floor: vive en el tercer piso, he lives on the third floor
un edificio de diez pisos, a ten-storey building
un autobús de dos pisos, a double-decker bus ➣ Ver nota en storey
En general, el inglés no diferencia entre piso y apartamento. Recuerda que en EE.UU. no se usa la palabra flat.
' piso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acomodarse
- alcanzar
- alquilar
- alquiler
- apartamento
- arrendar
- arriba
- barata
- barato
- cara
- carga
- caro
- compañera
- compañero
- departamento
- escritura
- gorgotear
- interior
- piloto
- pisar
- planta
- superior
- trece
- última
- último
- vacía
- vacío
- vivienda
- bajar
- económico
- en
- inferior
- llegar
- mono
- mosaico
- pasar
- primero
- quinto
- tercero
- vacante
- zapatilla
English:
ambulatory
- apartment
- below
- central
- centrally
- condo
- condominium
- deck
- deposit
- fix up
- flat
- flatmate
- floor
- have
- live off
- mate
- need
- second floor
- storey
- tier
- top
- upkeep
- upstairs
- bath
- beneath
- downstairs
- ground
- room
- safe
- story

* * *

piso nm

1. Esp [apartamento] apartment, Br flat;

pisos tutelados supported accommodation

Comp
piso franco safe house;
piso piloto show apartment o Br flat

2. [planta] [de edificio] floor;
[de autobús] deck; [de teatro] circle;
primer piso Br first floor, US second floor;

un autobús de dos pisos a double-decker bus

3. [suelo] [de carretera] surface;
[de habitación] floor;
Comp
Am
andar con el ánimo por el piso to be very down o low

4. [capa] layer;

un sandwich de dos pisos a double-decker sandwich

5. [de zapato] sole

6. Chile [taburete] stool

* * *

piso

m

1 apartment, Br

flat

2 ( planta) floor;

primer piso second floor, Br first floor; en edificio con piso principal third floor, Br

second floor;

piso principal second floor, Br first floor;

de tres pisos hamburguesa triple-decker atr ; tarta three-layer atr

* * *

piso nm

1) planta: floor, story

2) suelo: floor

3) Spain : apartment

* * *

piso n

1. (apartamento) flat

¿vives en un piso o en una casa? do you live in a house or a flat?

2. (planta) floor

viven en el tercer piso they live on the third floor

3. (de autobús, etc) deck

el piso de arriba the upper deck

un autocar de dos pisos a double decker coach

Spanish-English dictionary > piso
14 база

1) General subject: b, barn (общественного транспорта), base, base line, base-line, baseline, basis, benchmark (в статистике), data bank, foundation, nitty-gritty, pedestal, plinth, substruction, warp and woof, depot, reference, lodge (e.g. лыжная база - ski lodge)

2) Biology: baza (Aviceda), cuckoo-falcon (Aviceda)

3) Aviation: ground speed course (контрольный участок для замера скорости), speed base (контрольный участок для замера скорости), speed course (контрольный участок для замера скорости)

4) Naval: base length

5) Military: (военная) base complex, depot complex, entrepot, firm base, harbor (флота), pool

6) Engineering: base area, base region (транзистора), datum, datum level, depot (склад), reference surface

7) Construction: stabilizer base (крана, экскаватора), supporting base (крана, экскаватора)

8) Mathematics: base space, смещение

9) Railway term: camp, datum mark, fixed datum, spacing (напр. расстояние между осями)

10) Law: background

11) Linguistics: base (component)

12) Automobile industry: wheel base (в колёсной машине - расстояние между крайними осями, в гусеничной машине - расстояние между осями крайних опорных катков), wheelbase (в колёсной машине - расстояние между крайними осями, в гусеничной машине - расстояние между осями крайних опорных катков)

13) Geodesy: fiducial line, initial line

14) Forestry: axle base, undercarriage

15) Metallurgy: gauge length (тензометра)

16) Electronics: cradle (напр., сканера штрих-кодов)

17) Information technology: base (транзистора), base address

18) Astronautics: defense center, nest, station

19) Cartography: establishment

20) Geophysics: aperture, length, window

21) Mechanic engineering: datum surface, datum surface (плоскость отсчёта), locating surface, locating surface (плоскость отсчёта), reference surface (плоскость отсчёта)

22) Mechanics: base line (эпюры или линии влияния), baseline (эпюры или линии влияния)

23) Business: peg

24) Automation: backbone, base region (прибора), basic, datum feature, datum line, framework, gage length (тензометра), gaged length (тензометра), initial straight line of reference, location, reference line, zero line

25) Robots: base (данных или знаний), base (расстояние между парой видеосенсоров в стереоскопической СТЗ)

26) Telephony: base unit (беспроводного телефона)

27) Cables: facilities (возможности для чего-либо), facility (facilities) (возможности для чего-л.)

28) Makarov: bandwidth-duration product (радиотехника), base (напр. биполярного транзистора), base address (базовый адрес; вычислит. техника), base lead (транзистора), base length (в дальномере), base length (дальномера), base-line (в гиперболических системах навигации), base-line (интерферометра), baseline (в гиперболических системах навигации), basis (в абстрактном смысле), circuitry (элементная; электроника, вычислит. техника), circuitry type (элементная; электроника, вычислит. техника), component type (элементная; электроника, вычислит. техника), components (элементная; электроника, вычислит. техника), depot (судно по обслуживанию др. судов), gauge lenght (измерит., у образца для испытания материалов), gauge length (в образце для испытания материалов), mother ship (судно по обслуживанию др. судов), nominal length (в тензодатчике), path length (пролётная, у электровакуумного прибора), pedestal (колонны), tender (судно по обслуживанию др. судов), wheelbase (колёсных транспортных средств)

29) Archaic: base (нижняя опорная часть колонны), foot (нижняя опорная часть колонны), foundation (основание, подножие)

30) Skydiving: base (центр фигуры, к которому работают остальные)

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > база
15 analizar

v.

to analyze.

analizar sintácticamente la siguiente oración parse the following sentence

Elsa analizó la bebida Elsa examined the drink.

El juez analizó el caso The judge analyzed the case.

* * *

analizar

Conjugation model [ REALIZAR], like realizar

► verbo transitivo

1 to analyse (US analyze)

* * *

verb

to analyze

* * *

VT to analyse, analyze (EEUU)

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( examinar) to analyze*, examine

2) (Med, Quím) to analyze*

3) (Ling) to parse
2.
analizarse v pron to undergo o have analysis

* * *

= analyse [analyze, -USA], assess, break down, discuss, explore, look at, look into, present + discussion, study, think out, weigh, offer + an account of, undergo + analysis, observe, check out, break out, dig + deep, dig + deep beneath the surface, weigh up, review, work through, put + Nombre + under the spotlight, bring + Nombre + under the spotlight, question, probe.

Ex. With a clear objective, the next step is to analyse the concepts that are present in a search.

Ex. Without such guidelines each document would need to be assessed individually, and inconsistencies would be inevitable.

Ex. The holdings are broken down into several volumes, shown as the next level of the pyramid.

Ex. This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.

Ex. Next I will illustrate a simple search profile which does not explore all possible synonyms, but does serve to illustrate weighted term logic.

Ex. This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.

Ex. The main concern is to look into current use of, and interest in, electronic information services, and also to gauge opinion on setting up a data base concerned solely with development issues.

Ex. This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.

Ex. Each of the binders is portable and can be separately studied.

Ex. A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

Ex. Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.

Ex. This article offers an account of the processes shaping the professionalisation of college and research librarianship within the framework of 4 contemporary sociological theories.

Ex. Syntactic relationships arise from the syntax of the document which is undergoing analysis, and derive solely from literary warrant.

Ex. 141 data bases were observed, most of them had been developed in the life sciences as well as in the earth, ocean and space sciences.

Ex. Where problems do arise it is sensible to check out the training programme before blaming the assistant for poor performance of duties.

Ex. Turnaround managers want current financial and working capital analyses broken out by cost/profit centres.

Ex. Are we prepared to dig deep into our well of humanity & humility in order to uplift ourselves?.

Ex. Her central themes are still love and sex, but she digs deeper beneath the surface to examine the gray areas of moral responsibility and gender relations.

Ex. The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.

Ex. There is only space to review briefly the special problems associated with the descriptive cataloguing of nonbook materials.

Ex. Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.

Ex. It is paramount to put designers themselves under the spotlight for investigative purposes.

Ex. When the profession once more brought censorship under the spotlight in the 70s, it was less critical and more loath to take a stand.

Ex. If this appears to be excessively difficult, maybe it is time to question whether the tool is too complex.

Ex. The librarian sometimes must probe to discover the context of the question and to be able to discuss various possible approaches and explore their merits.

----

* al analizar Algo más detenidamente = on closer examination, on closer inspection.

* analizar brevemente = take + a look at.

* analizar críticamente = pull + Nombre + to bits.

* analizar de nuevo = reexamine [re-examine].

* analizar desde una perspectiva = see through.

* analizar desde un punto de vista crítico = cast + a critical eye over.

* analizar detenidamente = be carefully considered, think through.

* analizar de un modo imparcial = take + a cool look at.

* analizar en = break down into.

* analizar en detalle = consider + in detail.

* analizar la posibilidad de (que) = examine + the possibility that/of.

* analizar las posibilidades de = look at + the prospects for.

* analizar los pormenores de una situación = look + behind the scene.

* analizar minuciosamente = come under + scrutiny, pore.

* analizar por separado = dissect.

* analizar sintácticamente = parse.

* analizar una cuestión = explore + question, explore + issue.

* analizar una posibilidad = explore + idea.

* analizar un tema = explore + theme.

* reanalizar = reexamine [re-examine].

* ser analizado como una frase = be phrase parsed.

* sin analizar = unexamined, unanalysed.

* volver a analizar = reexamine [re-examine], reanalyse [reanalyze, -USA].

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( examinar) to analyze*, examine

2) (Med, Quím) to analyze*

3) (Ling) to parse
2.
analizarse v pron to undergo o have analysis

* * *

= analyse [analyze, -USA], assess, break down, discuss, explore, look at, look into, present + discussion, study, think out, weigh, offer + an account of, undergo + analysis, observe, check out, break out, dig + deep, dig + deep beneath the surface, weigh up, review, work through, put + Nombre + under the spotlight, bring + Nombre + under the spotlight, question, probe.

Ex: With a clear objective, the next step is to analyse the concepts that are present in a search.

Ex: Without such guidelines each document would need to be assessed individually, and inconsistencies would be inevitable.

Ex: The holdings are broken down into several volumes, shown as the next level of the pyramid.

Ex: This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.

Ex: Next I will illustrate a simple search profile which does not explore all possible synonyms, but does serve to illustrate weighted term logic.

Ex: This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.

Ex: The main concern is to look into current use of, and interest in, electronic information services, and also to gauge opinion on setting up a data base concerned solely with development issues.

Ex: This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.

Ex: Each of the binders is portable and can be separately studied.

Ex: A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

Ex: Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.

Ex: This article offers an account of the processes shaping the professionalisation of college and research librarianship within the framework of 4 contemporary sociological theories.

Ex: Syntactic relationships arise from the syntax of the document which is undergoing analysis, and derive solely from literary warrant.

Ex: 141 data bases were observed, most of them had been developed in the life sciences as well as in the earth, ocean and space sciences.

Ex: Where problems do arise it is sensible to check out the training programme before blaming the assistant for poor performance of duties.

Ex: Turnaround managers want current financial and working capital analyses broken out by cost/profit centres.

Ex: Are we prepared to dig deep into our well of humanity & humility in order to uplift ourselves?.

Ex: Her central themes are still love and sex, but she digs deeper beneath the surface to examine the gray areas of moral responsibility and gender relations.

Ex: The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.

Ex: There is only space to review briefly the special problems associated with the descriptive cataloguing of nonbook materials.

Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.

Ex: It is paramount to put designers themselves under the spotlight for investigative purposes.

Ex: When the profession once more brought censorship under the spotlight in the 70s, it was less critical and more loath to take a stand.

Ex: If this appears to be excessively difficult, maybe it is time to question whether the tool is too complex.

Ex: The librarian sometimes must probe to discover the context of the question and to be able to discuss various possible approaches and explore their merits.

* al analizar Algo más detenidamente = on closer examination, on closer inspection.

* analizar brevemente = take + a look at.

* analizar críticamente = pull + Nombre + to bits.

* analizar de nuevo = reexamine [re-examine].

* analizar desde una perspectiva = see through.

* analizar desde un punto de vista crítico = cast + a critical eye over.

* analizar detenidamente = be carefully considered, think through.

* analizar de un modo imparcial = take + a cool look at.

* analizar en = break down into.

* analizar en detalle = consider + in detail.

* analizar la posibilidad de (que) = examine + the possibility that/of.

* analizar las posibilidades de = look at + the prospects for.

* analizar los pormenores de una situación = look + behind the scene.

* analizar minuciosamente = come under + scrutiny, pore.

* analizar por separado = dissect.

* analizar sintácticamente = parse.

* analizar una cuestión = explore + question, explore + issue.

* analizar una posibilidad = explore + idea.

* analizar un tema = explore + theme.

* reanalizar = reexamine [re-examine].

* ser analizado como una frase = be phrase parsed.

* sin analizar = unexamined, unanalysed.

* volver a analizar = reexamine [re-examine], reanalyse [reanalyze, -USA].

* * *

analizar [A4 ]

vt

A (examinar) to analyze*, examine

B ( Med, Quím) to analyze*

C ( Ling) to parse

■ analizarse

v pron

to undergo o have analysis

se está analizando he's undergoing o having analysis, he's seeing an analyst, he's in analysis

* * *

analizar ( conjugate analizar) verbo transitivo
a) ( examinar) to analyze^{( conjugate analyze)}, examine

b) (Med, Quím) to analyze^{( conjugate analyze)}

c) (Ling) to parse

analizarse verbo pronominal
to undergo o have analysis
analizar verbo transitivo to analyze
' analizar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
estudiar
- profundidad
- punto
English:
analyse
- test
- analyze
- go
- survey

* * *

analizar vt

1. [situación, problema] to analyse

2. [sangre, orina] to test, to analyse

3. Gram to parse;

analizar sintácticamente la siguiente oración parse the following sentence

* * *

analizar

v/t analyze

* * *

analizar {21} vt

: to analyze

* * *

analizar vb to analyse

Spanish-English dictionary > analizar
16 поверхность

1) convolute

2) surface
3) surface area
– абразивная поверхность
– аксоидальная поверхность
– активная поверхность
– базовая поверхность
– беговая поверхность
– винтовая поверхность
– вихревая поверхность
– водная поверхность
– выклинивание на поверхность
– выровненная поверхность
– выходить на поверхность
– гладкая поверхность
– граничная поверхность
– замкнутая поверхность
– зеркальная поверхность
– ионообменная поверхность
– каналовая поверхность
– каустическая поверхность
– квадрируемая поверхность
– кривая поверхность
– линейчатая поверхность
– лицевая поверхность
– лобовая поверхность
– матовая поверхность
– несущая поверхность
– односвязная поверхность
– односторонняя поверхность
– опорная поверхность
– оребренная поверхность
– отражающая поверхность
– падение на поверхность
– поверхность аэродинамическая
– поверхность безразличия
– поверхность вращения
– поверхность выравнивания
– поверхность горения
– поверхность деформации
– поверхность дневная
– поверхность излома
– поверхность испарения
– поверхность канала
– поверхность касания
– поверхность катания
– поверхность клейна
– поверхность кристаллизации
– поверхность Мохоровичина
– поверхность нагрева
– поверхность наложения
– поверхность напряжений
– поверхность отклика
– поверхность охлаждения
– поверхность проката
– поверхность раздела
– поверхность разрыва
– поверхность разъема
– поверхность регрессии
– поверхность скольжения
– поверхность спайности
– поверхность транзитивности
– поверхность трения
– поверхность уровня
– поверхность Ферми
– посадочная поверхность
– потенциальная поверхность
– присыпать поверхность
– развертывающая поверхность
– развертывающаяся поверхность
– развитая поверхность
– разрывать поверхность
– римановая поверхность
– ровная поверхность
– рулевая поверхность
– светочувствительная поверхность
– свободная поверхность
– секущая поверхность
– смоченная поверхность
– смятая поверхность
– сопряженная поверхность
– срединная поверхность
– теплообменная поверхность
– торцовя поверхность
– узловая поверхность
– уровенная поверхность
– фасонная поверхность
– центральная поверхность
– цилиндрическая поверхность
– шероховатая поверхность
– ширмовая поверхность
– эквипотенциальная поверхность
– экранная поверхность

боковая поверхность зуба — tooth surface

выводить выработку на поверхность — open working to daylight

выход месторождения на поверхность — < mining> outcrop

выходить на дневную поверхность — < mining> outcrop

косая линейчатая поверхность — non-developable ruled surface, scroll

опорная поверхность клапана — valve-seat face

оптически плоская поверхность — optical flat

поверхность вращения цепной линии — catenoid

поверхность второго порядка невырождающаяся — <geom.> conicoid

поверхность втоторого порядка — surface of second order

поверхность линейчатая косая — non-developable ruled surface

поверхность Мохоровичина несущая — <phys.> lifting airfoil, load-bearing surface

поверхность Мохоровичина распадающаяся — <geom.> reducible surface

поверхность Мохоровичина скола — <min.> cleavage plane, cleavage surface

поверхность Мохоровичина трущаяся — friction surface, rubbing

поверхность Мохоровичина уровня — <geol.> equipotential surface

поверхность Мохоровичина энергетическая/массовая — energy/mass shell

поверхность одинаковой фазы — equiphase surface

поверхность пятого порядка — quintic

поверхность пятого проядка — quintic surface

поверхность равной плотности — surface of equal density

поверхность срыва потока — separation surface

поверхность четвертого порядка — quartic

рабочая поверхность головки — head mirror

развертывать сложную поверхность — develop complex surface

свет падает на поверхность — light is incident on surface

универсальная поверхность наложения — universal covering surface

Русско-английский технический словарь > поверхность
17 плоскость

plain, image [imaging] plane, memory plane, ( в ЗУ изображений) storage plane, plane, flat surface, planar [plane] surface

* * *
пло́скость ж.
plane (surface)
на пло́скости — on [in] a plane

проводи́ть пло́скость — pass [draw] a plane

а́томная пло́скость — atomic plane, plane of atoms

пло́скость аэросни́мка — photograph(ic) [image] plane

ба́зисная пло́скость кфт. — epipolar plane

ба́зовая пло́скость — datum plane

бокова́я пло́скость — profile plane

пло́скость визи́рования — plane of vision, sighting plane

пло́скость враще́ния — plane of rotation

пло́скость вхо́да мета́лла в валки́ — entry plane

выпрямля́ющая пло́скость ( пространственной кривой) — rectifying plane

пло́скость вы́хода полосы́ из валко́в — delivery plane

гла́вная пло́скость мат. — principal plane

пло́скость годо́графа — locus plane

пло́скость горизо́нта — horizon plane

горизонта́льная пло́скость — horizontal plane

пло́скость движе́ния — plane of motion

двойнико́вая пло́скость ( кристалла) — twinning plane

пло́скость действи́тельного изображе́ния — real image plane

диаметра́льная пло́скость (судна, самолета) — centre line (plane)

пло́скость изги́ба — flexure plane

пло́скость изло́ма — fracture plane

пло́скость изображе́ния — image [picture] plane

кардина́льная пло́скость опт. — cardinal plane

карти́нная пло́скость мат. — picture plane, plane of projection

каса́тельная пло́скость — tangential plane

керно́вая пло́скость топ. — epipolar plane

пло́скость колеба́ния — plane of vibration, vibration plane

коллимацио́нная пло́скость — collimation plane

ко́мплексная пло́скость — complex plane

пло́скость ко́мплексной переме́нной — complex plane

пло́скость конта́кта стр. — contact plane

координа́тная пло́скость — coordinate plane

пло́скость кре́на — rolling plane

пло́скость криста́лла — crystal plane

кристаллографи́ческая пло́скость — crystallograplic plane

пло́скость лё́гкого скольже́ния — plane of easy slip

пло́скость меридиа́на — meridian(al) plane

пло́скость ми́дель-шпанго́ута — midstation

пло́скость мни́мого изображе́ния — virtual image plane

накло́нная пло́скость — inclined plane

пло́скость напластова́ния горн. — bedding plane

пло́скость наруше́ния горн. — dislocation plane

норма́льная пло́скость — normal plane

нулева́я пло́скость — datum [reference] plane

опо́рная пло́скость — plane of support, supporting plane

основна́я пло́скость — base plane

пло́скость отраже́ния — reflecting plane

пло́скость паде́ния — plane of incidence

пло́скость паде́ния све́та — plane of light incidence

пло́скость перспекти́вы топ. — perspective plane

пло́скость пла́вания — waterplane

пло́скость поляриза́ции — plane of polarization

враща́ть пло́скость поляриза́ции — rotate the plane of polarization

преде́льная пло́скость ( кристалла) — end plane

предме́тная пло́скость опт. — object plane

пло́скость преломле́ния — plane of refraction

прива́лочная пло́скость — joint [mating] face

проекти́вная пло́скость — projective plane

пло́скость прое́кции — plane of projection, projection [projecting] plane

развора́чивать пло́скости прое́кции — open out the planes of projection

пло́скость прока́тки — rolling plane

пло́скость разде́ла фаз — interface

пло́скость разры́ва — plane of fracture

пло́скость разъё́ма литейн. — jointing [parting] plane

пло́скость ре́зания — cutting plane

пло́скость ры́скания — yawing plane

пло́скость сдви́га — shear plane

пло́скость симме́трии — symmetry [principal] plane

пло́скость спа́йности — cleavage plane

спрямля́ющая пло́скость — rectifying plane

пло́скость сраста́ния — composition plane

пло́скость сре́за — shear plane

пло́скость сцепле́ния — bonding plane

пло́скость тангажа́ — pitching plane

узлова́я пло́скость — nodal plane

пло́скость усто́йчивости — stability plane

фа́зовая пло́скость — phase plane

фока́льная пло́скость — focal plate

эквипотенциа́льная пло́скость — equipotential plane

эпиполя́рная пло́скость топ. — epipolar plane

пло́скость x, y мат. — x, y-plane

Русско-английский политехнический словарь > плоскость
18 часть

( конструкции) detail, fraction, island, part, portion, proportion, quantity

* * *
часть ж.
1. part, piece; ( доля) portion, fraction

частя́ми — portion-wise

восстана́вливать часть ( ремонтом) — recondition a part

подбира́ть ча́сти (друг к дру́гу), напр., по разме́ру — match parts for, e. g., size

подгоня́ть [пригоня́ть] ча́сти (друг к дру́гу) — mate [match] parts

2. (машины, агрегата) section, units

3. ( уравнения) member, side

в пра́вой ча́сти уравне́ния — on [in] the right side of the equation

4. ( элемент) стр. member, part

часть автофотоаппара́та, ка́мерная — camera body

часть фотоаппарата́, объекти́вная — lens cone

быстроизна́шиваемые ча́сти — wearing parts

весова́я часть — part by weight

взаимозаменя́емые ча́сти маш. — interchangeable parts

ча́сти в компле́кте — assorted parts, a kit of parts

возду́шная часть ( взлётной или посадочной дистанции или траектории) — airborne part

часть высо́кого давле́ния ( паровой турбины) — high-pressure section

выступа́ющая часть — prominent [projecting] part, part extending over smth.; мн. ( корабля) appendages

за́дняя часть — rear part; ( кузова мобиля) afterbody

запасны́е ча́сти — spare [replacement] parts, spares

пополня́ть запасны́е ча́сти — replenish (the block of) spares

зара́мочная часть ( карты) — ( по бокам) edge; ( сверху и снизу) border, margin

зара́мочная, восто́чная часть — right-hand edge of a map sheet

зара́мочная, за́падная часть — left-hand edge of a map sheet

зара́мочная, се́верная часть — top border [margin] of a map sheet

зара́мочная, ю́жная часть — bottom border [margin] of a map sheet

испари́тельная часть ( котлоагрегата) — evaporating section

часть кома́нды, а́дресная вчт. — address part of an instruction

часть кома́нды, модифици́руемая вчт. — indexing part of an instruction

часть ко́мплексного числа́, действи́тельная — real part of a complex number

часть ко́мплексного числа́, мни́мая — imaginary part of a complex number

кормова́я часть ( судна) — stern

часть крыла́, консо́льная — outboard wing

часть крыла́, корнева́я — wing root

часть крыла́, ожива́льная — ogive

часть крыла́, отъё́мная — detachable part

часть крыла́, пере́дняя — leading edge assembly

часть крыла́, хвостова́я — [tailing] edge assembly

часть крыла́, головна́я — forebody, nose (part)

часть, кормова́я — afterbody

часть носова́я — forebody, nose (part)

с заострё́нной носово́й [m2]ча́стью— sharp-nosed

с зату́пленной носово́й ча́стью — blunt-nosed

часть локомоти́ва, экипа́жная — locomotive underframe

материа́льная часть — material, equipment, physical facilities

неподви́жная часть — stationary [static] part

неразде́льная часть (чего-л. [m2]) — integral part (of smth.)

голо́вка явля́ется неразде́льной ча́стью болта́ — the head is an integral part of a bolt

нераствори́мая часть — insoluble part

несу́щая часть ( конструкции) — load-carrying [load-bearing] part, load-carrying [load-bearing] member

часть ни́зкого давле́ния ( паровой турбины) — low-pressure section

носова́я часть ( судна) — bow

часть обмо́тки, лобова́я эл. — coil end

опо́рная часть ( конструкции) — bearing part, bearing member

отде́лочная часть — finishing part

пере́дняя часть — front, forepart

часть пове́рхности нагре́ва (ве́рхняя радиацио́нная) — top section of a radiant heating surface

часть пове́рхности нагре́ва, горя́чая — hot section of a heating surface

подви́жная часть ( измерительного прибора) — movement, moving element

крепи́ть подви́жную часть на ке́рнах в подпя́тниках — mount the movement on pivots and jewel bearings [jewels]

крепи́ть подви́жную часть на растя́жке — support the moving element on taut bands [on taut suspensions]

подфюзеля́жная часть ав. — belly section

часть по́езда, хвостова́я — tail piece of a train

часть пото́ка, вышерасполо́женная — upstream flow

часть пото́ка, нижерасполо́женная — downstream flow

прое́зжая часть доро́ги — roadway

часть произведе́ния, мла́дшая — minor product

часть произведе́ния, ста́ршая — major product

прото́чная часть — ( гидротурбины) setting; ( парового котла) flow passage

рабо́чая часть кали́бра — gauging member of a gauge

рабо́чая часть шкалы́ — the effective range of a scale

разро́зненные ча́сти — odd parts

ре́жущая часть ( врубовой машины) — cutting end, cutting unit

сме́нная часть — replacement part

соедини́тельная часть — connector, connecting piece; мн. fittings

часть сопла́, расширя́ющаяся — divergent [expanding] section of a nozzle

часть сопла́, сужа́ющаяся — convergent section of a nozzle

соплова́я часть ( двигателя) — nozzle end

составна́я часть — ( сама входит в состав другой) component (part), constituent (part); ( обычно смесей) ingredient

часть сре́днего давле́ния ( паровой турбины) — intermediate-pressure section

часть то́плива, горю́чая — combustible matter of a fuel, dry-mineral-matter-free fuel; ракет. fuel component of a propellant

часть то́плива, минера́льная — mineral matter of a fuel

часть уравне́ния — side of an equation

перенести́, напр. из ле́вой ча́сти уравне́ния в пра́вую — transpose a term from, e. g., the left-hand to the right-hand side

приравня́ть, напр. ле́вую часть уравне́ния к нулю́ — equate e. g., the left-hand side to zero, set the left-hand side equal to zero

часть уравне́ния, пра́вая — right(-hand) side of an equation, right(-hand) [second] member of an equation

часть фюзеля́жа, за́дняя — rear fuselage

часть фюзеля́жа, носова́я — forward [front] fuselage

хвостова́я часть

1. ( КЛА или самолета) tail

с зату́пленной хвостово́й ча́стью — blunt-based

с клинови́дной хвостово́й ча́стью — wedge-tail(ed)

2. ( котла) cooler parts

ходова́я часть ( автомобиля) — driving gear, undercarriage

часть числа́, дро́бная — fractional part of a number

часть числа́, це́лая — integral part of a number

часть числа́, цифрова́я — mantissa (of a floating point calculation)

часть ши́ны, бегова́я — tread section of a tyre

часть ши́ны, бортова́я — head (section) of a tyre

часть ши́ны, плечева́я — shoulder section of a tyre

часть ште́псельного разъё́ма, отве́тная — mating (part of a) connector

часть электри́ческого соедини́теля, ви́лочная — plug connector

часть электри́ческого соедини́теля, перехо́дная — connector adapter

часть электри́ческого соедини́теля, розе́точная — socket connector

Русско-английский политехнический словарь > часть
19 grand

grand, e [gʀɑ̃, gʀɑ̃d]

1. adjective

   a. ( = de haute taille) tall

   b. ( = plus âgé) son grand frère his older or big (inf) brother

• ils ont deux grands enfants they have two grown-up children

• quand il sera grand [enfant] when he grows up

• il est assez grand pour savoir he's old enough to know

• tu es grand/grande maintenant you're a big boy/girl now

   c. (en dimensions) big, large ; [bras, distance, voyage, enjambées] long ; [avenue, marge] wide

• ouvrir de grands yeux to open one's eyes wide

• l'amour avec un grand A love with a capital L

   d. (en nombre, en quantité) [vitesse, poids, valeur, puissance] great ; [nombre, quantité] large ; [famille] large, big

• la grande majorité des gens the great majority of people

   e. ( = intense) [bruit, cri] loud ; [froid, chaleur] intense ; [vent] strong ; [danger, plaisir, pauvreté] great

• avec un grand rire with a loud laugh

• à ma grande surprise to my great surprise

   f. ( = riche, puissant) [pays, firme, banquier, industriel] leading

   g. ( = important) great ; [ville, travail] big

• je t'annonce une grande nouvelle ! I've got some great news!

• c'est un grand jour pour nous this is a great day for us

   h. ( = principal) main

• c'est la grande nouvelle du jour it's the main news of the day

• la grande difficulté consiste à... the main difficulty lies in...

   i. (intensif) [travailleur, collectionneur, ami, rêveur] great ; [buveur, fumeur] heavy ; [mangeur] big

• un grand verre d'eau a large glass of water

• les grands malades the very ill

• un grand invalide a seriously disabled person

   j. ( = remarquable) great

• un grand vin a great wine

• une grande année a vintage year

• c'est du grand jazz (inf) it's jazz at its best

   k. ( = de gala) [réception, dîner] grand

• en grande pompe with great pomp

   l. ( = noble) [âme] noble ; [pensée, principe] lofty

   m. ( = exagéré) faire de grandes phrases to voice high-flown sentiments

• tous ces grands discours all these high-flown speeches

   n. ( = beaucoup de) cela te fera (le plus) grand bien it'll do you the world of good

• grand bien vous fasse ! much good may it do you!

2. adverb

   a. (en taille) ces sandales chaussent grand these sandals are big-fitting (Brit) or run large (US)

   b. ( = largement) ouvrir (en) grand [+ porte] to open wide ; [+ robinet] to turn full on

• la fenêtre était grand(e) ouverte the window was wide open

• voir grand to think big

• il a vu trop grand he was over-ambitious

• il fait toujours les choses en grand he always does things on a large scale

3. masculine noun

   a. ( = élève) senior boy

• jeu pour petits et grands game for old and young alike

   b. (terme d'affection) viens, mon grand come here, son

   c. ( = personne puissante) les grands de ce monde men in high places

• Alexandre le Grand Alexander the Great

4. feminine noun

grande

   a. ( = élève) senior girl

• elle parle comme une grande she talks like a much older child

   b. (terme d'affection) ma grande (my) dear

5. compounds

► la grande Bleue or bleue the Med (inf)

► grande personne grown-up

► la grande vie the good life

• mener la grande vie to live the good life

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

GRANDES ÉCOLES

The grandes écoles are competitive-entrance higher education establishments where engineering, business administration and other subjects are taught to a very high standard. The most prestigious include « l'École Polytechnique » (engineering), the three « Écoles normales supérieures » (arts and sciences), « l'ÉNA » (the civil service college), and « HEC » (business administration).

Pupils prepare for entrance to the grandes écoles after their « baccalauréat » in two years of « classes préparatoires ». → CLASSES PRÉPARATOIRES CONCOURS ÉCOLE NATIONALE D'ADMINISTRATION

* * *

1.

grande gʀɑ̃, gʀɑ̃d adjectif

1) ( de dimensions importantes) ( en hauteur) tall; (en longueur, durée) long; ( en largeur) wide; (en étendue, volume) big

plus grand que nature — larger than life

ouvrir de grands yeux — to open one's eyes wide

2) (nombreux, abondant) large, big

pas grand monde — not many people

il fait grand jour — it's broad daylight

laver à grande eau — to wash [something] in plenty of running water [légumes]; to wash [something] down [sol]

3) ( à un degré élevé) [rêveur, collectionneur, ami] great; [tricheur, joueur] big; [buveur, fumeur] heavy

c'est un grand timide — he's very shy

les grands malades — very sick people

les grands blessés — the seriously injured

4) ( important) [découverte, expédition, nouvelle] great; [date] important; [rôle] major; [problème, décision] big

c'est un grand jour pour elle — it's a big day for her

la grande majorité — the great ou vast majority

5) ( principal) main

les grandes lignes d'une politique — the broad lines of a policy

6) ( de premier plan) [société, marque] leading

les grandes industries — the big industries

7) (brillant, remarquable) [peintre, vin, cause] great; [cœur, âme] noble

c'est un grand homme — he's a great man

Louis le Grand — Louis the Great; esprit

8) ( âgé) [frère, sœur] elder; [élève] senior GB, older; ( adulte)

les grandes personnes — grown-ups

les grandes classes — École the senior forms GB, the upper classes US

une grande fille comme toi! — a big girl like you!

assez grand pour faire — old enough to do

9) ( qualifiant une mesure) [hauteur, longueur, distance, valeur] great; [pointure, quantité, étendue] large; [vitesse] high

il est grand temps que tu partes — it's high time you went

10) (extrême, fort) [bonté, amitié, danger, intérêt] great; [bruit] loud; [froid] severe; [chaleur] intense; [vent] strong, high; [tempête] big, violent

d'une grande timidité — very shy

à ma grande surprise — much to my surprise

sans grand espoir — without much hope

ça te ferait le plus grand bien — it would do you a world of good

à grands cris — loudly; cas, remède

11) ( de rang social élevé) [famille, nom] great

la grande bourgeoisie — the upper middle class

12) ( grandiose) [réception, projet] grand

avoir grande allure — to look very impressive

13) ( emphatique) [mot] big; [phrase] high-sounding

un grand merci — a big thank you

faire de grands gestes — to wave one's arms about

et voilà, tout de suite les grands mots — there you go, straight off the deep end

2.

nom masculin, féminin ( enfant) big boy/girl; École senior GB ou older pupil

pour les grands et les petits — for old and young alike

3.

adverbe wide

ouvrir grand les bras — to throw one's arms open

ouvrir la porte toute grande — to open the door wide

ouvrir grand ses oreilles — fig to prick up one's ears

leurs vêtements taillent grand — their clothes are cut on the large side

voir grand — to think big

4.

nom masculin

les grands de ce monde — the great and the good

les cinq grands — Politique the Big Five

les grands de l'automobile — the top car manufacturers

5.

en grand locution adverbiale

faire de l'élevage en grand — to breed animals on a large scale

faire les choses en grand — to do things on the grand scale

Phrasal Verbs:

- grand banditisme

- grand bassin

- grand couturier

- grand duc

- grand écart

- le grand écran

- grand ensemble

- grand invalide civil

- grand invalide de guerre

- le grand large

- grand magasin

- grand maître

- grand mât

- le grand monde

- le Grand Nord

- grand panda

- Grand Pardon

- grand patron

- grand prêtre

- le grand public

- grand quotidien

- grand teint

- grand tourisme

- la grande banlieue

- la grande cuisine

- grande distribution

- grande école

- la Grande Guerre

- grande gueule

- la grande muraille de Chine

- grande personne

- la grande presse

- grande puissance

- grande roue

- grande série

- grande surface

- grandes eaux

- grandes lignes

- grandes marées

- grandes ondes

- grands espaces

- grands fauves

- grands fonds

- Grands Lacs

- grands singes

* * *
ɡʀɑ̃, ɡʀɑ̃d grand, -e
1. adj

1) (= de haute taille) tall

Il est grand pour son âge. — He's tall for his age.

2) (= aîné)

son grand frère — his big brother

C'est sa grande sœur. — She's his big sister.

3) (= adulte)

une grande personne — a grown-up

Il est assez grand pour... — He's old enough to...

4) (= gros, vaste, large) big, large

une grande valise — a big suitcase

une grande maison — a big house

5) (importance, stature) great

un grand homme — a great man

un grand voyage — a long journey

C'est un grand ami à moi. — He's a great friend of mine.

les grandes vacances — the summer holidays

les grandes lignes CHEMINS DE FER — the main lines

6) (ampleur, degré)

un grand buveur — a heavy drinker

les grands blessés; Les grands blessés ont été emmenés à l'hôpital en hélicoptère. — The severely injured were taken to hospital by helicopter.

les grands brûlés — people with serious burns

un grand malade — a very sick person

le grand malade de l'Europe — the sick man of Europe

7) (intensif)

au grand jour — in broad daylight

au grand air — in the open air

Ça te fera beaucoup de bien d'être au grand air. — It'll be very good for you to be out in the open air.

de grand matin — at the crack of dawn

il est grand temps de — it's high time to

avoir grand besoin de — to be in great need of

2. adv

grand ouvert — wide open

voir grand — to think big

3. nm/f

1) (= élève, enfant) big boy, big girl

Il est chez les grands maintenant. — He's in the senior school now.

C'est une grande, elle peut y aller seule. — She's a big girl now, she can go on her own.

2) (= personnage)

les grands de ce monde — the great and the good

4. nm

en grand [ouvrir] — wide

voir les choses en grand — to think big

* * *

grand, grande

A adj

1 ( de dimensions importantes) ( en hauteur) [personne, arbre, tour, cierge] tall; (en longueur, durée) [bras, enjambée, promenade, voyage] long; ( en largeur) [angle, marge] wide; (en étendue, volume) [lac, ville, salle, trou, édifice, paquet] large, big; [tas, feu] big; ( démesuré) [pied, nez, bouche] big; un homme (très) grand a (very) tall man; un grand homme brun, un homme grand et brun a tall dark man; plus grand que nature larger than life; ouvrir de grands yeux to open one's eyes wide;

2 (nombreux, abondant) [famille, foule] large, big; [fortune] large; grande braderie big sale; pas grand monde not many people; faire de grandes dépenses to spend a lot of money; il fait grand jour it's broad daylight; laver à grande eau to wash [sth] in plenty of running water [légumes]; to wash [sth] down [sol]; à grand renfort de publicité with much publicity;

3 ( à un degré élevé) [rêveur, collectionneur, travailleur, ami, ennemi, pécheur] great; [tricheur, joueur, lâcheur, idiot] big; [buveur, fumeur] heavy; grand amateur de ballet great ballet lover; c'est un grand timide he's very shy; les grands malades very sick people; c'est un grand cardiaque he has a serious heart condition;

4 ( important) [découverte, migration, expédition, événement, nouvelle, honneur] great; [date] important; [rôle] major; [problème, décision] big; ( principal) main; c'est un grand jour pour elle it's a big day for her; une grande partie de la maison a large part of the house; une grande partie des habitants many of the inhabitants; la grande majorité the great ou vast majority; ⇒ scène;

5 ( principal) main; le grand escalier the main staircase; le grand problème/obstacle the main ou major problem/obstacle; les grands axes routiers the main ou trunk GB roads; les grands points du discours the main points of the speech; les grandes lignes d'une politique the broad lines of a policy;

6 ( de premier plan) Écon, Pol [pays, société, industriel, marque] leading; les grandes industries the big industries;

7 (brillant, remarquable) [peintre, œuvre, civilisation, vin, cause] great; [cœur, âme] noble; c'est un grand homme he's a great man; les grands écrivains great authors; un grand nom de la musique a great musician; un grand monsieur du théâtre a great gentleman of the stage; Louis/Pierre le Grand Louis/Peter the Great; les grands noms du cinéma/de la littérature indienne the big names of the cinema/of Indian literature; de grande classe [produit] high-class; [exploit] admirable; ⇒ esprit;

8 ( âgé) [frère, sœur] elder; [élève] senior GB, older; ( adulte) grown-up; mon grand frère my elder brother; les grandes classes Scol the senior forms GB, the upper classes US; quand il sera grand when he grows up; mes enfants sont grands my children are quite old; une grande fille comme toi! a big girl like you!; 12 ans! tu es assez grand pour te débrouiller 12 years old! you're old enough to cope;

9 ( qualifiant une mesure) [hauteur, longueur, distance, poids, valeur, âge] great; [dimensions, taille, pointure, quantité, nombre, étendue] large; [vitesse] high; [kilomètre, mois, heure] good; il est grand temps que tu partes it's high time you were off ou you went;

10 (intense, extrême, fort) [bonté, lâcheté, pauvreté, amitié, chagrin, faim, danger, différence, intérêt] great; [bruit] great, loud; [froid] severe; [chaleur] intense; [vent] strong, high; [tempête] big, violent; avec grand plaisir with great ou much pleasure; dans le plus grand secret in great secrecy; d'une grande bêtise/timidité very ou extremely stupid/shy; à ma grande honte/surprise much to my shame/surprise; sans grand espoir/enthousiasme without much hope/enthusiasm; sans grande importance not very important; il n'y a pas grand mal à cela/à faire there isn't much harm in that/in doing; avoir grand faim/soif to be very hungry/thirsty; avoir grand besoin de to be badly in need of; ça te ferait le plus grand bien it would do you a world of good; à grands cris loudly; ⇒ cas, remède;

11 ( de rang social élevé) [famille, nom] great; grande dame great lady; la grande bourgeoisie the upper middle class;

12 ( grandiose) [réception] grand; grands projets grand designs; avoir grande allure, avoir grand air to look very impressive;

13 ( emphatique) [mot] big; [phrase] high-sounding; un grand merci a big thank you; faire de grands gestes to wave one's arms about; et voilà, tout de suite les grands mots there you go, straight off the deep end.

B nm,f

1 ( enfant) big boy/girl; Scol senior GB ou older pupil; il a fait ça tout seul comme un grand he did it all by himself like a big boy; il fait le ménage comme un grand he does the housework like a grown-up; pour les grands et les petits for old and young alike;

2 ( terme d'affection) mon grand, ma grande my darling.

C adv wide; ouvrir grand la bouche to open one's mouth wide; ouvrir tout grand les bras to throw one's arms open; les fenêtres sont grand(es) ouvertes the windows are wide open; ouvrir la porte toute grande to open the door wide; ouvrir grand ses oreilles fig to prick up one's ears; ouvrir tout grand son cœur fig to open one's heart; les bottes chaussent grand the boots are large-fitting; leurs vêtements taillent grand their clothes are cut on the large side; voir grand fig to think big.

D nm ( pays) big power; ( entreprise) leader, big name; les grands de ce monde the great and the good; Pol the world's leaders; les cinq grands Pol the Big Five; les grands de l'automobile the top car manufacturers; c'est un grand de la publicité he's big in advertising.

E en grand loc adv [ouvrir] wide, completely; faire de l'élevage en grand to breed animals on a large scale; quand ils reçoivent, ils font les choses en grand when they entertain they do things on the grand scale or they really go to town○.

Composés

grand argentier Hist royal treasurer; hum keeper of the nation's purse, Finance minister; le grand art alchemy; grand banditisme organized crime; grand bassin ( de piscine) main pool; Anat upper pelvis; grand cacatois main royal sail; grand caniche standard poodle; le grand capital Écon big money, big investors pl; grand commis de l'État top civil servant; grand coq de bruyère capercaillie; grand corbeau raven; grand couturier couturier; grand débutant absolute beginner; grand duc Zool eagle owl; grand écart Danse, Sport splits (sg); faire le grand écart to do the splits; le grand écran the big screen; grand électeur ( en France) elector who votes in the elections for the French Senate; ( aux États-Unis) presidential elector; grand ensemble high-density housing complex; la vie dans les grands ensembles high-rise living; grand d'Espagne Spanish grandee; grand foc outer jib; grand frais Météo moderate gale; grand hunier main topsail; grand hunier fixe lower main topsail; grand hunier volant upper main topsail; grand invalide civil, GIC civilian who is registered severely disabled; grand invalide de guerre, GIG Prot Soc ex-serviceman who is registered severely disabled; le grand large Naut the high seas (pl); grand magasin Comm department store; grand maître ( aux échecs) grand master; grand maître de l'ordre des Templiers Hist Grand Master of the Knights Templar; grand mât Naut mainmast; le grand monde high society; le Grand Nord Géog the Far North; Grand Œuvre Great Work; grand officier de la Légion d'Honneur high-ranking officer of the Legion of Honour^GB; le Grand Orient the Grand Lodge of France; grand panda giant panda; Grand Pardon Day of Atonement; grand patron Méd senior consultant GB, head doctor US; grand perroquet Naut main topgallant sail; grand prêtre Relig, fig high priest; grand prix Courses Aut, Sport grand prix; le grand public the general public; Comm produit grand public consumer product; grand quart Naut six-hour watch; Grand quartier général, GQG Mil General Headquarters, GHQ; grand quotidien Presse big national daily; grand roque Jeux ( aux échecs) castling long; le Grand Siècle Hist the 17th century (in France); grand teint colourfast^GB; grand tétras capercaillie; grand tourisme Courses Aut, Aut GT, gran turismo; le Grand Turc the Sultan; grand veneur Chasse master of the hounds; grande Armée Hist Grande Armée (Napoleon's army); grande Baie Australienne Géog Great Australian Bight; la grande banlieue the outer suburbs (pl); Grande Barrière (de Corail) Géog Great Barrier Reef; la grande bleue the sea; la grande cuisine Culin haute cuisine; grande distribution Écon volume retailing; grand école higher education institution; la Grande Guerre Hist the First World War; grande gueule○ loud mouth○; grande hune Naut maintop; la grande muette the army; la grande muraille de Chine Géog the Great Wall of China; grande personne grown-up, adult; la grande presse Presse the popular dailies (pl); grande puissance Pol superpower; grande roue ( de foire) big wheel GB, Ferris wheel US; grande série Comm mass production; fabriqué en grande série mass-produced; grande surface Comm supermarket; grandes eaux fountains; fig ( pleurs) waterworks; dès qu'on la gronde, ce sont les grandes eaux the minute you tell her off, she turns on the waterworks; grandes lignes Rail main train routes; grandes marées spring tides; grandes ondes Radio long wave (sg); Grandes Plaines Géog Great Plains; les grands blessés the seriously injured; grands corps de l'État Admin senior branches of the civil service; grands espaces Écol open spaces; grands fauves Zool big cats; grands fonds Naut ocean depths; les grands froids the cold of winter; Grands Lacs Géog Great Lakes; grands singes Zool great apes; ⇒ école, voyage.

ⓘ Grande école A prestigious third-level institution where admission is usually by competitive entrance examination or concours. Places are much sought after as they are widely considered to guarantee more promising career prospects than the standard university institutions. Many grandes écoles specialize in particular disciplines or fields of study, e.g. ENA, Sciences Po, etc.

( féminin grande) [grɑ̃, grɑ̃d] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou h muet [grɑ̃t]) adjectif

A.[ASPECT QUANTITATIF]

1. [de taille élevée - adulte] tall ; [ - enfant] tall, big

2. [de grandes dimensions - objet, salle, ville] big, large ; [ - distance] long

grand A/B/C capital A/B/C

une grande tour a high ou tall tower

un grand fleuve a long ou big river

une statue plus grande que nature a large-scale statue

de grandes jambes long legs

avoir de grands pieds to have big ou large feet

ses grands yeux bleus her big blue eyes

marcher à grands pas to walk with great ou long strides

3. [d'un certain âge - être humain] big

tu es un grand garçon maintenant you're a big boy now

tu es assez grand pour comprendre you're old enough to understand

[aîné - frère, sœur] big

[au terme de sa croissance - personne] grown-up ; [ - animal] fully grown, adult

quand je serai grand when I'm grown-up ou big

4. [qui dure longtemps] long

pendant un grand moment for quite some time

5. [intense, considérable] great

les risques sont grands there are considerable risks

de grande diffusion widely-distributed

une grande fortune great wealth, a large fortune

ils ont marié leur fille à grands frais they married off their daughter at great ou vast expense

rincer à grande eau to rinse thoroughly

les grands froids intense cold

pendant les grandes chaleurs in high summer, in ou at the height of summer

nous avons fait un grand feu we made a big fire

un grand incendie a major ou great fire

ce sont des articles de grande consommation they are everyday consumer articles

(à l'époque des)grandes marées (at) spring tide

au grand jour in broad daylight

6. [pour qualifier une mesure] large, great

la grande majorité de the great ou vast majority of

son grand âge explique cette erreur this mistake can be put down to her being so old

ils plongent à une grande profondeur they dive very deep ou to a great depth

un grand nombre de passagers a large number of passengers

7. [entier]

une grande cuillerée de sucre a heaped spoonful of sugar

elle m'a fait attendre une grande heure/semaine she made me wait a good hour/a good week

8. BOTANIQUE great, greater

9. GÉOGRAPHIE

le Grand Canyon the Grand Canyon

les Grands Lacs the Great Lakes

10. ZOOLOGIE

les grands animaux (the) larger animals

B.[ASPECT QUALITATIF]

1. [important] great, major

les grands problèmes de notre temps the main ou major ou key issues of our time

2. [acharné, invétéré] great, keen

c'est un grand travailleur he's a hard worker, he's hard-working

c'est une grande timide she's really shy

ce sont de grands amis they're great ou very good friends

grands fumeurs heavy smokers

les grands blessés/brûlés/invalides the seriously wounded/burned/disabled

les grands handicapés the severely handicapped

3. [puissant, influent - banque] top ; [ - industriel] top, leading, major ; [ - propriétaire, famille] important ; [ - personnage] great

4. [dans une hiérarchie]

les grands dignitaires du régime the leading ou important dignitaries of the regime

le Grand rabbin (de France) the Chief Rabbi (of France)

les grands corps de l'État the major public bodies

5. [noble]

avoir grand air ou grande allure to carry oneself well, to be imposing

6. [généralementéreux]

il a un grand cœur he's big-hearted, he has a big heart

une grande âme a noble soul

7. [exagéré] big

de grands gestes extravagant gestures

grands mots high-sounding words, high-flown language

8. [fameux, reconnu] great

un grand homme a great man

un grand journaliste a great ou top journalist

les grands textes classiques the classics

il ne descend que dans les grands hôtels he only stays in the best hotels ou the most luxurious hotels

le grand film de la soirée tonight's big ou feature film

le grand jour the big day

les grandes dates de l'histoire de France the great ou most significant dates in French history

un grand nom a great name

un grand nom de la peinture contemporaine one of today's great painters

les grands couturiers the top fashion designers

9. HISTOIRE

la Grande Catherine Catherine the Great

10. [omnipotent, suprême] great

Dieu est grand God is great

C.[EN INTENSIF]

avec une (très) grande facilité with (the greatest of) ease

sans grand enthousiasme/intérêt without much enthusiasm/interest

sa grande fierté, c'est son jardin he's very proud of ou he takes great pride in his garden

c'était un grand moment it was a great moment

un grand merci à ta sœur lots of thanks to ou a big thank you to your sister

le grand amour: c'est le grand amour! it's true love!

Robert fut son grand amour Robert was the love of her life

tu aurais grand avantage à la prévenir you'd be well advised to warn her

cette cuisine a grand besoin d'être nettoyée this kitchen really needs ou is in dire need of a clean

faire grand bien: ça m'a fait le plus grand bien it did me a power of ou the world of good

il en a pensé le plus grand bien he thought most highly of it

grand bien lui fasse! much good may it do her!

faire grand cas de to set great store by

toute la famille au grand complet the whole family, every single member of the family

jamais, au grand jamais je n'accepterai never in a million years will I accept

il n'y a pas grand mal à demander des précisions there's no harm in asking for further details

il est parti de grand matin he left at the crack of dawn

il n'y avait pas grand monde à son concert there weren't many people at his concert

pour notre plus grand plaisir to our (great) delight

prendre grand soin de to take great care of

à sa grande surprise much to his surprise, to his great surprise

il est grand temps que tu le lises it's high time you read it

————————

, grande [grɑ̃, grɑ̃d] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou h muet [grɑ̃t]) nom masculin, nom féminin

1. [enfant - d'un certain âge]

l'école des grands primary school

[en appellatif]

merci mon grand! thanks, son!

allons, ma grande, ne pleure pas! come on now, love, don't cry!

comme un grand: je me débrouillerai tout seul, comme un grand/toute seule, comme une grande I'll manage on my own, like a big boy/a big girl

2. [adulte - généralement] grown-up, adult

un jeu pour petits et grands a game for young and old (alike)

[en appellatif]

alors, ma grande, tu as pu te reposer un peu? well dear, did you manage to get some rest?

[personne de grande taille]

pour la photo, les grands se mettront derrière for the photo, tall people ou the taller people will stand at the back

————————

adverbe

1. [vêtement]

chausser grand: c'est un modèle qui chausse grand this is a large-fitting shoe

tailler grand: ça devrait vous aller, ça taille grand it should fit you, it's cut large

2. (locution)

ils ont vu trop grand they bit off more than they could chew

elle voit grand pour son fils she's got great hopes for her son

deux rôtis! tu as vu grand! two roasts! you don't do things by halves!

3. [largement]

grand ouvert wide-open

4. ART

représenter quelque chose plus grand que nature to enlarge something

————————

nom masculin

1. PHILOSOPHIE → link=infiniment infiniment

2. [entrepreneur, industriel]

un grand de la mode a leading light in the fashion business

les grands de l'automobile the major ou leading car manufacturers

————————

grands nom masculin pluriel

ÉCONOMIE & POLITIQUE

les grands [les puissants] the rich (and powerful)

les grands de ce monde the people in (positions of) power ou in high places

les deux Grands POLITIQUE the two superpowers

————————

en grand locution adverbiale

[complètement] on a large scale

il faut aérer la maison en grand the house needs a thorough ou good airing

il a fait les choses en grand (figuré) he really did things properly

grande école nom féminin

competitive-entrance higher education establishment

grand ensemble nom masculin

housing scheme (UK), housing project (US)

grande surface nom féminin

hypermarket

GRANDE ÉCOLE

The grandes écoles are relatively small and highly respected higher education establishments. Admission is usually only possible after two years of intensive preparatory studies and a competitive entrance examination. Most have close links with industry. The grandes écoles include l'École des hautes études commerciales or HEC (management and business), l'École polytechnique or l'X (engineering) and l'École normale supérieure (teacher training).

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > grand
20 длительный допустимый ток
1. current-carrying capacity
2. continuous current-carrying capacity
3. continuous current
4. ampacity (US)
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:
- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
- длительно допустимый ток
- допустимый ток
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток

Страницы

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